USA > Ohio > Columbiana County > History of Columbiana County, Ohio, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 1
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Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85 | Part 86 | Part 87 | Part 88 | Part 89 | Part 90 | Part 91 | Part 92 | Part 93 | Part 94 | Part 95 | Part 96 | Part 97 | Part 98
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CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
WILLARD FISKE ENDOWMENT
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Cornell University Library F 497.C6M15 1976 History of Columbiana County, Ohio :with
3 1924 006 513 802 olin, ove2
OLIN LIBRARY CIRCULATION DATE DUE
JUL 2 4 1999
GAYLORD
PRINTED IN U.S.A.
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COURT HOUSE. NEW LISBON, 0.
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HISTORY OF-
COLUMBIANA COUNTY
CZOHIO,-
WITH2
Hunstrations and BBiographical Sketches
SOME OF ITS PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS.
PHILADELPHIA: D. W. ENSIGN & CO.
-1879 .-
PRESS OF J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO., PHILADELPHIA.
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The reproduction of this book has been made possible through the sponsorship of the Columbiana County, OGS, Columbiana, Ohio,
1
A Reproduction by UNIGRAPHIC, INC. 1401 North Fares Avenue Evansville, Indiana 47711 nineteen hundred and seventy-six
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PREFACE.
AUTHENTIC written history supplies one of the chief wants of the highest civilization, and the character and culture of the people of a nation are in no small degree measured by their published records. Barbarians, living only in the present and guided alone by their traditions, remain in a state of barbarism, umenlightened by the experience of their predecessors. The broken tablets of Nineveh,- the uninterpreted inscriptions of the extinct populations of Yucatan,-even the vague, cabalistic figures of the Dighton Rock are clues by which the authors of each are assigned their proper place in the scale. of intelligence.
Local history stimulates that just local pride which is a bond of sympathy in the smaller com- munities,-the surest safeguard of liberty and the staunchest champion of right and justice.
Although it is but three-quarters of a century since the first pioneers raised their homely cabins in the wilderness immediately west of the Alleghanies, that wilderness has already become a garden, and in turn has sent many of its first-born-pioneer sons of pioneers-to lands still nearer the " Father of Waters" and to the rich plains beyond.
It is the aim of the following pages to record the facts concerning the early settlement of that part of the State of Ohio which was embraced within the limits of the County of Columbiana imme- diately prior to the assignment of five of its townships to the county of Mahoning, in 1846, and name in each township the principal settlers who began the work which has wrought so wondrous a change in so short a period.
The first chapters. are devoted to the general history of the County, and are introduced by such an account of French and Spanish discoveries as was deemed of value in connection with that history. Other general chapters treat of Indian Occupation, Land Titles, Geology of the County, Organization of the County, of the Courts and County Buildings, Statistics, Political History, County Civil List, followed by chapters on Education, Authors, Physicians, Societies, Sources of Wealth, Internal Improvements, and conclude with the County's Military History, and a Roster of the early militia and of the soldiers from Columbiana County who served in the late civil war.
Following the general history are the histories of the several townships, in which are given accounts of the earliest pioneers, and, so far as obtainable, the history of each township's organization, and a list of those who have served in its civil offices down to the present time. The records in many cases are imper- fect or have been destroyed, and the names of some of the civil officers are wanting and could not be supplied from other sources. There are also given sketches of church and other organizations, schools, manufacturing and mining interests, thoroughfares, and much other matter of special local importance.
The histories of the five townships-Beaver, Goshen, Green, Smith, and Springfield-which became a part of Mahoning County in 1846, are placed for convenience in a separate division of the work.
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PREFACE.
In the compilation of this history of the County of Columbiana valuable aid has been rendered by many of its prominent citizens. Among those whose courteous assistance has been of especial value are Hon. W. D. Henkle, Hon. J. K. Rukenbrod, of the Salem Republican, Messrs. E. T. Rukenbrod and J. D. Fountain, of the Salem Era, Jacob Heaton, Mrs. Sarah Hiddleson, Col. T. C. Boone, Capt. M. F. Ed- wards, and Capt. T. J. Walton, all of Salem; and Messrs. John Frost, Henry H. Gregg, H. W. Brown, of New Lisbon, and the several county officers, access to whose records has been generously granted,-Hon. William G. Wells, Probate Judge; William Monaghan, Clerk of the Courts; Stacy Pettit, Auditor; Wil- liam G. Bentley, Treasurer; James Atchison, Recorder; Jehu B. Strawn, Surveyor; Gen. E. S. Hol- loway, of Columbiana, and Uriah Thomas, of Middleton. Special aid was rendered by Mr. Frost, who furnished the sketch relating to the "Manufacturing Industries" of Centre township, and valuable data used in the compilation of other portions of its history.
PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 1, 1879.
H. M.
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CONTENTS.
HISTORICAL.
HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY.
CHAPTER
PAGE
I .- Valley of the Mississippi
9
Butler
96
Centre
101
Elk Run
129
Fairfield
138
Franklin
153
Hanover
156
Knox .
169
Liverpool
173
Madison
187
Middleton
194
Perry .
.202
St. Clair
229
Salem
235
Unity
246
Washington
'256
Wayne
266
West .
271
Yellow Creek
276
TOWNSHIPS IN MAHONING COUNTY ..
Beaver
287
Gosben
293
Green
301
Smith .
308
Springfield
315
BIOGRAPHICAL
PAGE
Jere. H. Whinnery
facing 100
Samuel C. Kerr .
264
John T. Dysart .
265
James Farmer
265
Thomas Mcclellan
127
John Walter
275
John C. Pike
128
Jobn L. Hime
275
Charles D. Dickinson .
facing 142
Henry Aten
facing 286
Isaac Carr .
between 294, 295
Jonathan Davis .
. 298
Abel Strawn
between 298, 299
A. R. Arter.
.
Daniel P. Strawn
299
David Johnson
facing 170
J. S. Strawn
299
Enos Cook .
. 172
George Keeler
300
Sanford C. Hill .
facing 186
Joel Armstrong .
-300
Samuel Davis
202
James M. Dobson
311
Benjamin Stanton
206
William Johnston
312
Marius Robinson
207
Moses Oyster
312
Hon. James Martin
255
J. J. Thompson .
818
Charles Long
255
Nathan Hescook
814
. Formerly Columbiana County.
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II .- French Discoveries in the New World
10
III .- Indian Occupancy
13
IV .- Bouquet's Expedition, Indian Trails, Indian Towns . V .- Land Titles
17
VI .- Geology
19
VII .- Early Settlement and Progress
20
VIII .- Civil History
23
IX .- Courts of Law
26
X .- County Buildings
28
XI .- Valuation, Taxes, Debt, Population
30
XII .- Political History
31
XIIL-Civil List .
34
XIV .- Educational
38
XV .- Authors and Publications
42
XVI .- Physicians .
44
XVII .- Societies
49
XVIII .- Sources of Wealth
51
XIX .- Internal Improvements
52
XX .- Military History
55
XXI .- Militia Militant .
57
XXII .- Roster of Soldiers in the Rebellion
75
PATRONS' RECORD AND DIRECTORY
322
HISTORY OF THE TOWNSHIPS OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY.
PAGE
PAGE
Hannah Whinnery
100
Hannah Entriken
100
Alex. C. BeH
between 144, 145
Gen. E. S. Holloway
facing 152
Edward Murray .
"
156
167
15
8
CONTENTS.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
PAGE
Court-House, New Lisbon ( Frontispiece) . facing title
Outline-Map of Columbiana County and Southern Por- tion of Mahoning County .
Map of the Country on the Ohio and Muskingum Rivers,
showing the Indian Towns-1764
16
Survey of Indian Country through which Col. Bouquet
marched in 1764 .
"
16
BUTLER.
Portrait of Jere. H. Whinnery .
facing 100
Hannah Whinnery
"
100
Hannah Entriken
3
100
CENTRE.
Residence of John C. Pike
facing 128
Portraits of John C. Pike and Wife .
128
Portrait of Thomas MoClellan .
128
FAIRFIELD.
Columbiana High School, No. 1 .
facing 188
Portrait of Chas. D. Dickinson .
. 142
Residence of John E. Icenhour
=
144
" Mrs. M. A. Allen .
" 144
Portrait of Alex. C. Bell, Jr.
between 144, 145
Residence of Hiram Boll
facing 147
Portrait of Gen. E. S. Halloway
152
HANOVER.
Portraits of Edward Murray and Wife
facing 156
Portrait of A. R. Arter
. 167
KNOX.
Portraits of David Johnson and Wife
facing 170
Residence of Enos and Ann E. Cook
172
Portraits of Enos Cook and Wife
=
172
LIVERPOOL.
Phoenix Pottery Works 180 Portrait of Isaso Carr 294, 295
Portrait of Isaac W. Knowles
facing
180
John R. Taylor
180
Pottery Works of Knowles, Taylor & Knowles . " Geo. S. Harker & Co.
181
Dresden Pottery Works
181
Eagle
182
Riverside Knob Manufacturing Co.
182
Decorating Establishment of Thomas Haden
182
"
" " John F. Steele
183
Portrait of Sanford C. Hill
facing 186
=
" J. J. Thompson .
813
Portraits of J. J. Thompson and Wife
.
313
John Thompson and Wife
faoing 318
Moses Oyster and Wife .
313
Residence of Lachlin Ross (with portraits)
facing 234
SALEM.
PAGE
Residence of Mahlon Nichols
·
·
.
facing
238
UNITY.
Mills and Residence of J. C. Soott & Co. .
facing
248
Residence of the late John Taggart .
248
Residence of Charles Long
20
255
Portrait of Charles Long ..
255
Portraits of W. C. Wallace and Wife.
255
255
Portrait of Hon. James Martin
4
Israel Long
255
WASHINGTON.
Portrait of James Farmer (steel)
facing 256
Residence of John T. Dysart
258
Portrait of John T. Dysart
= 258
Samuel C. Kerr
264
WEST.
Residence of Joseph Coulson (with portraits)
facing 271
Portrait of Jabes Coulson .
271
Residence of Eli Taylor (with portraits)
"
272
Portraits of John and John L. Hime.
274
Residence of J. L. Hime (with portraits) .
274
" John Walter (with portraits)
276
YELLOW CREEK.
Portrait of Henry Aten, 8r.
.
·
facing 286
Portraits of Henry Aten, Jr., and Wife
·
286
GOSHEN, MAHONING COUNTY.
Residence of Daniel P. Strawn (with portraits) .
«
" S. H. and R. L. Armstrong .
between 294, 295
294, 295 Portraits of Joel Armstrong and Wife
Residence of Morrison and Elizabeth Justice
facing 296
Portraits of C. C. Bowman and Mrs. E. Justice.
296
· 180 Portraits of Abel Strawn and Wife between 298, 299
« 298, 299 Mount New Land Farm (Residence of J. S. Strawn) .
. 299 Portrait of Jonathan Davis
Residence of George Keeler (with portraits)
facing 300
SMITH, MAHONING COUNTY.
Residence of Enos and Ann Heacock (with portraits) = " W. M. Johnston (with portraits) .
facing 308
810
ST. CLAIR.
Portrait of James McCoy .
. 229
Residence of Samuel Gaston
facing 229
= James M. Dobson and Wife
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H. 8. Knowles
181
.
·
facing 293
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S
HISTORY
OF
COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO.
BY HORACE MACK.
CHAPTER I. VALLEY OF THE MISSISSIPPI.
SPANISH DISCOVERIES IN THE NEW WORLD.
THE discovery of San Salvador by Columbus was an event which aroused the latent powers of England and Frauce, and stimulated the already awakened energies of Spain to efforts in what promised to be a rich field for con- quest and dominion. Though at war among themselves, the possessors of the unexplored land to the westward were doomed to an unequal conflict, which was to result in prac- tical extirpation at the hands of peoples of whose existence they had not dreamed, and who appeared to come up in swarms from the prolific ground or from the heaving sea.
The discovery of the mainland of the Western Conti- ment was reserved for John Cabot, a Venetian, who, under a commission from Henry VII., King of Great Britain, issued May 5, 1496, sailed westward, and after a tedious voyage reached the coast of Labrador. After exploring the country he hoisted the English flag, and in the name of the king took formal possession of the country. " Near the fing of England he planted the banner of the republic of Venice, little thinking, doubtless, that as the centuries. rolled on not the flag of proud Albion, but that of a repub- Zic, would float from ocean to ocean."*
Columbia, as the newly-discovered continent should have been named, became the land of adventure, and the country drained by the Mississippi and its tributaries, since known as the " Valley of the Mississippi," did not long remain unknown to Europeans. Among the rival nations Spain, by the patronage of whose king and queen, Ferdinand and Isabella, the success of Columbus was insured, was the first to obtain, through her adventurous subjects, a knowledge of the existence of the "Father of Waters;" the first to. plant her standard upon its border ; the first to carry it in gloomy triumph to the mouth of the majestic river.
Moved by the fabulous tales concerning vast riches hidden in the unexplored regions around the Mexican Gulf, Spain and Portugal sent forth numerous fleets and
armies on errands of discovery. While the principal efforts of these powers were directed towards the treasures of Mexico and Peru, individual adventurers came forth ; among them was Ponce de Leon, a former companion of Columbus, and ex-governor of Porto Rico. He discovered the peninsula of Florida on Palm Sunday (Paschua Florida), March 27, 1512, while upon an insane expedition in search of the Fountain of Youth, " whose waters, it was said, pos- Bessed the property of perpetuating youth beyond the power of time and disease," and which was reputed by tradition among the Indians to be situated in one of the Bahama Islands. De Leon, as the reward for his dis- covery, was subsequently appointed governor of Florida by Charles V., and landing again upon the inhospitable shores of that country, in an attempt to plant a colony, was driven off by the natives, himself receiving a mortal wound of which he died soon after reaching Cuba.
The second adventurer within the limits of Florida was Vasques de Ayllon, who sought to secure numbers of the natives to serve as slaves in the mines of Mexico. In 1520 he landed on the eastern coast of Florida, " where the ves- sels were anchored in a river, in latitude 32° north, in a country called by the natives Chicorea." Enticing many of the natives on board his ships, he treacherously confined thein below decks, and set sail for St. Domingo. One of his two vessels was lost; the other reached its destination, but " the Indians on board remained sullen and gloomy, and, refusing all food, most of them died of famine and melancholy." In a subsequent visit, in 1525, with an out- fit which cost him his fortune, having authority from the Emperor of Spain to subdue and govern the country of Chicorea, nearly all his soldiers were entrapped and slaugh- tered by the natives, who exercised a strategy and duplicity fully equal to his own. Some accounts say that Vasquez himself was slain.
In 1528, Pamphilo de Narvaez was appointed governor, with the title of commander-in-chief, over " all the country of Florida from Cape Suble as far as the River of Palms" (prob- ably the Colorado), " in the west of Texas." Narvaez sailed in March, 1528, from Cuba, and entered the bay of Espiritu Santo, or Tampa Bay, with four ships, and landed his forces, consisting of three hundred men and forty-five horses. The
9
. Henry B. Peirce, in the History of Tioga, Chemung, and Schuyler Counties, N. Y. L. H. Everta, Philadelphia, 1879.
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HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO.
reputed wealth of the interior was still the spring of action, and deluded by the belief that the country he was about to visit embosomed populous and wealthy cities, such as Mex- ico, he boldly pushed forward. Perpetrating outrages and cruelties upon the natives as he advanced, such as usually characterized the progress of the armics of Spain, the commander drew upon himself and followers the vindictive hatred of the Indians, whom he forced to serve as guides. These led the army tedious marches through swamps and thickets, while the land of gold, like an ignis-fatuus, re- mained provokingly uistant, while yet alluring. This land, the guides declared, was in what is now Georgia, " between the Alapahaw and Withlacoochy Rivers, east of Flint River." When finally they reached the place, they found, instead of a great city, a deserted village of " two hundred and forty huts and sheds," and their visions of rich plunder were dispelled. Their retreat was one of merited hardship and disaster, " through dismal swamps with deep lagoons," until finally in fawishing plight they reached the village of Ante, recently deserted by the Indians, within a day's march of the sea and near the present site of St. Mark's. One-third of the force had perished in the campaign ; the remainder embarked in five vessels, which had been provided with great labor.
Storms scattered and wrecked most of the vessels, and "out of the whole number who landed at the bay of Espiritu Santo for this expedition only five escaped, Alvar Nunez Cabexa de Vaca and four of his companions. They were in the other bark that remained after the night storm, and were afterwards cast upon the inhospitable shore; and, as Mr. Irving* observes, ' After the most singular and unparal- leled hardships, they traversed the northern parts of Florida, crossed the Mississippi, the desert mountainous regions on the confines of Texas and the Rocky Mountains, passing from tribe to tribe of Indians, and often as slaves, until, at the end of several years, they succeeded in reaching the Spanish settlement of Compostella. From thence Alvar Nunez proceeded to Mexico, and ultimately arrived at Lis- bon in 1537, nearly ten years after his embarkation with Pamphilo de Narvaez.'"+
Nunez and his companions were doubtless the first white men who looked upon the broad expanse of the Mississippi; but from their discovery nothing practical resulted. Despite his harsh experiences and the fate of Narvaez, Nunez en- couraged further exploration in Florida, which land he rep- resented as richer than Mexico, and was the chief inciting cause of the hapless campaign of Hernando de Soto.
De Soto sailed from Spain, April 6, 1538, for Havana, and on May 12, in the following year, with eight large and three small vessels, and a force of one thousand men, in- clusive of three hundred and fifty horsemen, set sail for the bay of Espiritu Santo, where in a fortnight they arrived. By permission from Charles, Emperor of Spain, De Soto had undertaken the conquest of Florida, "at his own risk and expense;" and the entire army engaged with him were no less than a horde of unscrupulous freebooters. His
march through the country of the Indians was one of ex- ceeding cruelty, unequaled by that of his predecessors, but was not exempt from serious disaster to his own followers. Notwithstanding his great losses in a conflict with the warriors of the native King Tuscaluza, at the ancient town of Mauvile, or Mobile, De Soto pressed forward, and in March, 1541, reached the eastern bank of the Mississippi. " At this place," says the Portuguese historian, " the river was half a league from one shore to the other, so that a man standing still could not be seen from the opposite shore. It was of great depth-and wonderful rapidity. It was very muddy, and was always filled with floating trecs and timber, carried down by the force of the current."
Having crossed the river at a point about thirty miles below the present site of Helena, he made, with his fast lessening army, numerous expeditions towards the north and west in a vain search for gold, and having penetrated to near the present western boundary of Arkansas, in lat- itude 36° north, returned at the approach of winter to the Mississippi. He reached the river at the native town of Cupaha, which, it is supposed, was situated about eight miles below the site of Helena. Here, discouraged by his fruitless search for the precious metals and by the prospect of evils to come, he relapsed into melancholy, fell ill of a fever of which he died about the 5th of June, 1542, and was buried in the depths of the magnificent river.
Luis de Moscoso, whom De Soto had appointed to com- mand as his successor, led the remnant of the army west- ward, reached the Red River a little north of the present State of Texas, and in October again turned eastward and guined the Mississippi near the mouth of the Arkansas. Having constructed rude vessels, the Spaniards embarked upon the former stream July 2, 1543, and after serious conflicts with the savages, who in their light canoes swarmed around them from the eastern shore, in twenty days reached the open sea at the river's mouth.
Florida, according to the claims of Spain after the cam- paign of De Soto, extended from the Gulf of Mexico to the mouth of the St. Lawrence; but this immense province, now that the dreams of mineral wealth were dissiputed, was practically abandoned for a considerable period as unworthy of the Spanish arms.
CHAPTER II.
FRENCH DISCOVERIES IN THE NEW WORLD.
WHILE the Spaniards were making voyages and military excursions to the West Indies, Mexico, and Florida, the French directed their vessels to the coast of the New World, in a more northerly latitude. The Normandy fishermen visited the Banks of Newfoundland as early as 1504 ; and four years later a number of the natives of America were taken to France.
Under authority from Francis I., John Verrazzoni, a native of Florence, in 1523 discovered the mainland in the latitude of Wilmington, and thence coasted in a north- erly direction until he reached Newfoundland, landing at intervals to traffic with the Indians, who received him in
. Theodore Irving, author of Conquest of Florida.
t Ilistory of the Discovery and Settlement of the Valley of the Mississippi, by Jobn W. Monette, M.D., 2 vols., Harper Brothers, 1848.
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HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO.
friendship. He named the country New France, claiming the same in the name of the king.
In the year 1534, Jacques Cartier descended the St. Lawrence, giving the gulf that name which was afterwards extended to the river. On his second voyage, in 1535, he ascended the river to the Island of Orleans and guve the name " Mont Real" to a hill, now the site of Montreal. At what is now Quebec ho fell in with the native " King of Canada." In his third voyage he explored the Saguenay country.
At this period the French made numerous unsuccessful attempts to plant colonies along the North Atlantic coust of America, continuing their efforts through a number of years, but gained only a temporary lodginent at "Acadie"* and " Cape Breton."
Henry Dumont, or De Monts, who had received a grant from Henry IV.,-one of the first of those European potentates who made prodigal disposition of lands in America which they did not own,-sailed in 1604 with five vessels to search for mines. " Attended by a " mixed company," he settled at St. Croix, and it is suid that these were at that time the only whites in the present United States north of Florida. He settled Annapolis, t New- foundland, which is the second oldest city founded by Europeans in the New World.
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