USA > Ohio > Columbiana County > History of Columbiana County, Ohio, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 55
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with its internal arrangements, though it was far behind the improvements of the present day. This school increased in interest, and many young persons came and boarded in Salem to attend. The teacher was in many particulars just the man for the place. He was one of the best teachers of his day, and he had the entire confidence of the Friends. His good standing in their society helped him much. The interest that he felt in his work may be inferred from the following stanzas :
"' Hail, Salem School ! still dearer thou to me, When pensive fancy to the future strays, And time draws near that I must part with thee, Who rocked the cradle of thy infant days.
"' Here long to teach has been my toilsome lot, Yet sweet endearments found in many a heart; While duties pressed, with varied labors fraught, Knowledge to half a thousand to impart.'
" Many of his pupils afterwards became teachers, and there are many persons about Salem now who have pleasant remembrances of happy times in that school. He had sev- eral assistants at different times, among whom might be mentioned his brother Thomas and sister Eliza. In the spring of 1832 he closed his school, and published a poem on its conclusion, and also one on that of the previous win- ter. From them some quotations are given in this history. He afterwards engaged in the practice of medicine at Mt. Union. In this profession he was as popular and success- ful as in teaching. He died in 1846. In 1829-30, Mr. Samuel Ruckman kept a school in a frame house on Green Street. It was called a "'district school,' but the school system was not then in such a condition as to render much help to teachers. About the same time a school was kept in the Friends' meeting-house on Green Street by Jona- than Thomas. Some others were kept for short terms in the same house. In 1830 a brick school-house was built at the corner of Green and Chestnut Streets, and during the following winter James Tolerton was engaged there. Eliza Shreve also kept one term in that house. The next winter Mr. Jacob Heaton was teacher, and the next Martin Heck- ard. The latter was a rigid disciplinarian, and in many particulars a good teacher. It was about this time that Mr .. P. R. Spencer first visited Salem and introduced his system of penmanship. Mr. Heckard eagerly adopted it, and taught it in his school.
" In the summer of 1834 Amos Gilbert came to Salem from Lancaster Co., Pa. His arrival and subsequent teach- ing made a notable era in the school interest of the place. He was a man of thought, and his greatest ambition was to set others to thinking. In teaching, natural philosophy was his hobby. He took much delight in communicating facts in nature, and he had great respect for the Pestaloz- zian system of education. Some time in the next year he was joined by his son-in-law, Abner G. Kirk. In 1836 his connection with this school ceased, and Mr. Kirk continued in it some time longer. He was succeeded by Benjamin B. Davis, who, after a few terms, engaged with a few other persons in starting the Village Register, the first successful newspaper enterprise in the town. Several inefficient teach- ers followed, and the school became much demoralized. In
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1843, Reuben McMillan taught a term with good success. This was his beginning.
" Among the teachers who taught between 1843 and 1853 were Lewis T. Park, Jesse Holmes, Jesse Markham, and Wm. McClain. Col. T. C. Boone, the present presi- dent of the board of education, says he went to school in Salem to Wm. McClain in 1839 or 1840, and to Abner G. Kirk in 1843 .* From this we conclude that Mr. McClain taught at two different times, and that Mr. Kirk must have taught in all about seven years. Mr. Holmes taught, with great success, for the Hicksite Friends, in 1847-48-49, first in their meeting-house and next in the brick school- house built by them on Green Street, now used as a dwell- ing-house. After this, in the same house, Mr. McClain taught a private high-school.
" In the first schools nothing was taught but reading, spelling, writing, and arithmetic. In the schools kept by J. Tolerton and D. Stratton, grammar and surveying were taught. In J. Shreve's school the additional branches were geography and astronomy. The Latin language was first taught in a select school kept by Rev. Jacob Coon, in 1844 -45; history, the higher branches of mathematics, and the natural sciences were much taught after the adoption. of the union system, and to some extent before.
" The first schools were made up by subscribing an article of agreement prepared by the teacher. Each subscriber agreed to send and pay for the tuition of one or more pupils. The usual rate in the first schools was $1.50 per quarter for each pupil. Some teachers did not get more than $1. In 1830 some of the best teachers received $2 per pupil, and then the terms rose gradually to what they now are in select schools and academies. Prior to the adoption of the graded system, it was customary to have school on every alternate Saturday, and twenty-four days of teaching made a school month. In the first schools the teachers made their own specific regulations, there being then no directors or ex- aminers. The Quaker schools were under the direction of a committee appointed by the Monthly meeting, who had con- trol of the house, appointed teachers, and visited the school from time to time, the teachers receiving all the tuition fees.
"History of the Salem schools since the organization of the graded system .- The records of the board of education are incomplete, all the minute-books being lost except the one now used by the clerk, which has been in use less than three years. From the medley of old papers the following facts have been gleaned :
" A poll-book dated April 11, 1853, shows that in accord- ance with the act of March 14, 1853, 110 voters assembled at the district school-house and voted for school-directors. Joseph J. Brooks received 100 votes, and Alfred Wright and Isaac Snider each 87. Mr. Brooks was to serve for three years, and it was decided by lot that Alfred Wright should serve for two years, and Isaac Snider for one year. Stacy Hunt was chairman of the election, and C. D. Bas- sett was secretary.
"Among the records is a notice dated April 25, 1853, calling upon the qualified voters to meet at 10 A.M., May 14, 1853, at the district school-house, to vote by ballot for or against an act entitled ' an act for the better regulation of public schools in cities, towns, etc.,' passed Feb. 21, 1849. This notice was signed by James Woodruff, Henry P. Reitzell, James Brown, Jr.,* Benj. Stanton,* Peter H. Boswell, Anthony Gongwer,* Lewis Keen, Philip Mathews, Clayton Sharp,t John Harris, Joel Sharp, Allan Boyle, John Gibbons,* Wm. B. Ryus, t Elias Wolfley,* Robert Grimmescy, R. Schooley,* T. F. Sharpnack, John Sheets,* John Callahan, Richard H. Garrigues,* Geo. B. Weaver, t Gco. Sheets,* J. W. Casselberry, Samuel C. Taylor, James Barnaby,* Isaac Snider, J. C. Whinnery, Jacob Heaton, Wm. C. McCracken, t Wm. Pidgeon, John Hudson, Ben- jamin Wisner, F. H. Bently, Wm. McClain, t Wm. H. Garrigues, f B. W. Casselberry, Isaac G. Thomas, Simeon Sharp, and J. W. Grimmesey.t
" The names marked with a star are of persons deceased, and those with a dagger of persons not now residents of Salem. Capt. Jacob Heaton secured the signatures to the notice.
" The election was held and the law adopted, although the poll-book has not been found. A poll-book dated May 30, 1853, shows that 102 persons voted for members of the board of education required by the law of 1849. The per- sons elected were Isaac Snider (85) and Jacob Heaton (81) for three years, Richard Garrigues (78) and John Harris (85) for two years, and Clayton Sharp (80) and Eli David- son (51) for one year. Alfred Wright had one vote for three years; John Hudson, one for two years, and 48 for one year.
" The clerk of this election was Emmor T. Weaver, and the judges, Enos Eldridge, John Neas, and Wm. Ryus.
"The members of the board were qualified on June 3, 1853, by Geo. B. Weaver, justice of the peace.
" We learn from a bond for $2000, dated June 13, 1853, signed by Jacob Heaton, Jonas D. Cattell, and Geo. B. Weaver, that Jacob Heaton was appointed treasurer for one year.
" It seems from bills for teaching, presented to Messrs. Brooks, Wright, and Snider in their brief reign, that S. M. Galbreath, J. Markham, E. S. Seymour, C. E. Siple, M. Hambleton, and N. Plummer had been teaching within the year preceding the change in the law.
" A report by J. Markham of his school for the term beginning April 11 and ending July 1, 1853, shows an enrolment of ' 104 males, 139 females, and an average daily attendance of 62 males and 82 females.' The branches taught were Orthography, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, English Grammar, and Geography.
" A certificate, dated July 22, 1853, issued to Mias Rebecca Stratton, signed by Joseph S. H. Grimes, Benj. Stanton, and Thomas Y. French, shows that the board of education had appointed these gentlemen as local examiners. The certificate was valid for nine months, and included, be- sides the ordinary branches, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Physiology, Botany, and Algebra. On the 27th they issued a certificate to Mrs. Rebecca McClain, valid for the same time, including Painting and Drawing in addition to the ordinary branches.
* In the second number of vol. i. of the Village Register, April 19, 1842, is the notice of a seminary for young ladies. It states that Misses E. W. Richards and Lenh Heaton had opened a school on the 11th of April, "where the various branches of a thorough English education will be taught on the most approved plan."
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HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO.
" Nine-month certificates for the ordinary branches were issued on the 27th to May A. Boswell and Miss C. H. Pinkham, signed by Messrs. Grimes and Stanton. Mr. Grimes omitted the H. in his signature in all the certificates named except that to Rebecca Stratton.
" Mr. Wm. McClain, who had been teaching a high- school on Green Street, was employed by the board of education to take charge of the high-school under the graded system. Jesse Markham was also employed to superintend all the grades below the high-school.
" In 1854 the board of education employed as superin- tendent Mr. A. Holbrook, for the last twenty years prin- cipal of the National normal school, Lebanon, Ohio. He gave one hour extra labor per day to induce the board to allow him three hours per day for supervision of the sev- eral departments. From three departments he reorganized the school into six departments, giving each teacher the exclusive charge of about 40 pupils. Mr. Holbrook was paid $1200 a year,-a larger salary than was paid at that time by any village in Ohio for a superintendent.
" Reuben McMillan, for several years past the successful superintendent of the public schools of Youngstown, Ohio, followed Mr. Holbrook in 1855, and continued as superin- tendent and principal of the high-school for six years. He says, ' I found the schools in good running condition, as left by my predecessor, Mr. Holbrook. I found a good corps of teachers and an energetic wide-awake set of pupils that would have done honor to any town. During my connection with the school the number of pupils increased, so that new rooms had to be rented and occupied till the new building on Fourth Street, commenced in 1860, could be finished. During that time the Friends' school was suspended, which gave the public schools an accession of many choice young people. Their house was occupied by one of our primary schools ..
"' During my administration in connection with the high- school, there were 204 females and 156 male students, a very large per cent. of whom are still living, and most of them are intelligent and useful citizens, and are in honor- able professional or business positions in Salem and else- where. Of these at least 103 became teachers, some for a time; others are still teaching.'
" In 1861 the board employed as superintendent the Hon. H. H. Barney, the first State commissioner of common schools of Ohio, at a salary of $1000. He entered upon his duties at the beginning of the winter term in 1861, and resigned a few weeks after the beginning of the fall term. of 1862. Under his administration the board pre- pared and published, in pamphlet form, a full list of rules and regulations.
"Mr. Barney was succeeded by J. C. Cummings, who served about a year and a half, when ill-health closed his school labors.
" The 16th of August, 1864, W. D. Henkle entered upon the duties of superintendent, and continued to serve for eleven years, except two years, from 1869 to 1871, when he served as State commissioner of common schools, which office he resigned to return to Salem. When absent his place was filled by Prof. M. C. Stevens, principal of the high-school, who conducted the schools without any change
of plan. In each of these eleven years the superintendent prepared, and the board caused to be published, a sixteen- page pamphlet giving full statistics of the schools, thus making the record complete for these years. The schools were numbered from 1 to 10, the latter being the high- school. A pupil remained one year in each room, until he reached No. 9, in which he remained three years, thus making eleven years' preparation to reach the high-school. The average age of the pupils on entering the high-school was nearly seventeen, thus giving them more maturity than is found in the schools of many cities. In this eleven years the examinations were all conducted by the superin- tendent, who also examined all the papers of the written examinations. The number of examinations conducted in the year 1873-74 was 1024. Mr. Henkle served at dif- ferent salaries,-one year at $1000, two years at $1200, one year at $1500, one at $2000, one at $2250, and three at $2500. Mr. Stevens' salary as superintendent for two years was $1500.
" In 1875, Mr. Henkle having succeeded the Hon. E. E. White in the editorship of the Ohio Educational Monthly and National Teacher, the board of education employed Capt. Wm. Wood, late superintendent of the public schools of Findlay, Ohio, to manage the schools. Since his ad- ministration began, last September, several material changes have been made in the course of study in the high-school, the grading and the mode of conducting the examinations, etc. These are referred to more specifically under the head of ' Present Organization.'
THE HIGH-SCHOOL.
" The high-school of Salem was organized immediately after the adoption of the graded system in 1853. Pre- vious to its organization select schools of a higher grade had existed, and had been very extensively patronized by the town and surrounding country. In these the higher branches of mathematics seem to have occupied a promi- nent place, and continued to do so after the change. As a rule, the classics and studies relating to languages have found less favor among Friends-the early settlers and fashioners, to a great extent, of public sentiment in Salem -than mathematics and natural science.
"The high-school from its earlier days maintained a high order of excellence both in discipline and acquirements; its pupils were taught to think, to compare, to judge for. themselves, to regard the education of the school-room as a means rather than an end.
" No regular course of study was ever insisted on until 1864, when, under the supervision of W. D. Henkle, a course was prescribed and rigidly adhered to through his administration. Since his retirement this course has been so modified as to make Latin elective. At present it stands as follows :
" First year : Algebra; Physiology ; Physical Geogra- phy ; Latin Grammar and Reader, or English Grammar and Composition.
"Second year : Algebra; Geometry ; General History ; Natural Philosophy; Caesar and Virgil, or Natural History and Botany.
"Third year : Geometry; Trigonometry; Analytical Ge-
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ometry ; Chemistry ; Astronomy; Virgil and Cicero, or Rhetoric and Literature.
" Fourth year: Mental Philosophy, Logic, Civil Gov- ernment, Literature, Geology, Reviews.
" Exercises in declamation and composition throughout the course. Nearly all the pupils now in attendance have selected the Latin course.
" The first class graduated in 1865. The whole number of graduates to the present time is fifty.
" It has not been at any time the aim of the high-school to prepare pupils for college. Its ordinary classes have furnished ample facilities for such preparation, with the exception of Greek, which has been met by private teachers.
" The standard for admission to the high-school has va- ried little for the past ten years; in brief, it may be said that a good knowledge of the common branches and Amer- ican history will admit all applicants.
" At first, and for a number of years after the adoption of the union system, the superintendent was ex officio prin- cipal of the high-school.
" The growing exigencies of the school finally demand- ing nearly all his time and attention in supervision, the offices are now, and have been since 1874, entirely distinct.
" The following statements make reference to prominent teachers of the high-school other than the superintendents:
" Miss Jennie Breckenridge was associated with Mr. Holbrook as teacher. Under the superintendency of Mr. McMillan, Mr. Howard Gilbert, assisted for a brief period by Miss Ryder, taught the principal classes. To these succeeded, in 1857, Mr. T. E. Suliot, whose name is to-day held in grateful remembrance by pupils both in the Old and New World, and Miss R. A. Prunty. Mr. Suliot's connec- tion with the school ceased in 1862, and Miss Prunty con- tinued her faithful labors till 1866, when she resigned to become the wife of Dr. J. L. Firestone. Mr. T. C. Men- denhall succeeded Mr. Suliot in 1863, and remained three years. In 1866, Mr. Horace Hollister and Miss M. A. Southard assumed the management, Mr. Hollister remain- ing one year, and Miss Southard five. Mr. M. C. Stevens, the present able principal, has held the office since 1867, with the exception of two years filled by Mr. A. Blunt, when Mr. S. acted as superintendent. Miss Southard's place has been occupied successively by Miss Mary B. Wakefield, one term ; Miss S. J. Bushee, and Miss S. A. . Platt, the present occupant.
" The public schools of Salem in all their departments have been an object of just pride and gratification to its citizens. Especially is this true of the high school. May they long continue a centre of light and knowledge to the community !
PRESENT ORGANIZATION.
" Board of Education : Col. T. C. Boone, President; R. A. Kirk, Treasurer; Judge P. A. Laubie, Eli Sturgeon, M.D., Mayor M. V. Dunlap, and J. P. Hogan ; Clerk, William Eastman.
" Board of Examiners : J. M. Kuhn, M.D., J. B. Strawn, and W. D. Henkle:
" Superintendent : Capt. William S. Wood.
".The school-year comprises forty weeks, and is divided into four terms of ten weeks each.
" The daily sessions commence at 8.45 A.M. and 1.55 P.M., and close at 11.50 A.M. and 4 P.M.
"The average scholar completes the work of a grade in one year.
" There are twelve grades, numbered from 1, the lowest, to 12, the highest. Grades 9, 10, 11, and 12 constitute the high-school. With a single exception, there is but one grade to a teacher below the high-school.
" In the course of study adopted this school year the work of each year is divided into terms' work, and a pro- gramme is arranged to complete it, and is posted in the respective rooms.
" In all the grades below the high-school, Reading, Spelling, Arithmetic, Music, and Penmanship are taught ; Objects and Common Things, Composition and Drawing, in Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4; Geography and Map-Drawing, in Grades 4, 5, and 6; and a review once a week, in 7 and 8; Elementary Physics, in Grade 7; Grammar, in 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
" Written examinations in every study, through all the grades, are made six times a year, and results recorded.
" In every school the pupils are seated according to rank in studies at their last written examination.
" The superintendent takes entire charge of the classifica- tion of the schools, and examines the two lowest grades in principal studies, orally as well as in writing, near the close of the school year. He occasionally holds other special ex- aminations, both oral and written.
" Boards of Education .- The reputation of the schools has been largely due to its efficient boards of education, who have sought to employ first-class teachers.
" The first board under the law of 1849 was elected in 1853. Jacob Heaton and Isaac Snider were chosen for three years, Richard Garrigues and John Harris for two years, and Clayton Sharp and Eli Davidson for one year. At the following election two members were regularly chosen to serve three years. In 1854, John Hudson and Eli Davidson were chosen ; in 1855, John C. Whinnery and Samuel Chessman ; in 1856, Jacob Heaton (63)* and Stacy Hunt (65) ; in 1857, Allan Boyle (51) and Albert French (52); in 1858, J. C. Whinnery (131) and W. P. West (104); in 1859, Jacob Heaton (132) and John Hudson (137) ; in 1860, Allan Boyle (?) and Abel Carey (?); in 1861, Calvin C. Brainard (144) and Alex. Pow (90) and Wm. P. West (86), to serve out the time of Dr. Carey, removed from the district into the country ; in 1862, J. C. Whinnery (263) and John W. Fawcett (177); in 1863, Jonathan K. Ru- kenbrod (179) and Charles R. Taber and Wm. Eastman (178), to serve for two years in place of John W. Fawcett; in 1864, Calvin C. Brainard and Alex. Pow; in 1865, J. C. Whinnery and Wm. Eastman; in 1866, Charles R. Taber (95) and J. K. Rukenbrod (69); in 1867, Alex. Pow and C. C. Brainard and E. H. Price, one year ; in 1868, Wm. Eastman (298) and Allan Boyle (192); in 1869, L. B. Lockard (134) and J. K. Rukeubrod (143); in 1870, Peter A. Laubie (273) and Thomas C. Boone (255); in
. The figures denote votes received.
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1871, Robert V. Hampson and Allan Boyle; in 1872, Eli Sturgeon and Martin V. Dunlap; in 1873, P. A. Laubie and T. C. Boone; in 1874 no election could be held, in consequence of the repeal of the law of 1849 and the adoption of a codified school law ; in 1875, R. A. Kirk and J. P. Hogan.
" Dec. 4, 1851, John W. Fawcett was appointed in place of John Hudson, who had entered the military service ; Aug. 28, 1862, Wm. Eastman in place of J. W. Fawcett, who had entered the army ; Nov. 3, 1866, E. H. Price in place of J. C. Whinnery, who had moved from the district ; and in 1868, L. B. Lockard in place of C. R. Taber, de- ceased.
" The following persons have served on the examining board : Rev. J. S. H. Grimes, Dr. Benj. Stanton, Thomas Y. French, Dr. John Harris, Rev. A. B. Maxwell, Rev. J. A. Swaney, Dr. J. M. Kuhn, Rev. S. McBride, W. D. Henkle, Rev. Dr. I. N. Baird, M. C. Stevens, and Jehu B. Strawn."
Since 1875 the several boards of education have been constituted as follows :
1877 .- P. A. Laubie, President; Richard Pow, Treasurer; H. P. Gam- ble, Clerk ; I. P. Hogan, R. A. Kirk, R. P. Trimble ; G. N. Carruthers, Superintendent; W. D. Henkle, J. B. Strawn, .J. D. Greenamyer, Examiners.
1878 .- R. P. Trimble, President; Robert Hole, Treasurer; E. K. Rukenbrod, Secretary ; Richard Pow, James Woodruff, S. E. Arter, Joseph Koll; G. N. Carruthers, Superintendent; Rev. H. B. Fry, G. N. Carruthers, J. B. Strawn, Examiners.
1879 .- Robert Hole, President; James Woodruff, Treasurer; E. K. Rukenbrod, Secretary; Rush Taggart, William Eastman, Joseph Koll, S. E. Arter; G. N. Carruthers, Superintendent; E. J. Godfrey, Principal ; Rev. H. B. Fry, G. N. Carru- thers, J. B. Strawn, Examiners.
TOWNSHIP BOARDS OF EDUCATION, 1853 TO 1879. 1853 .- A. B. Painter, James Cornell, Robert Tolerton, John Gar- wood.
1854 .- William Jennings, Robert Tolerton, John Garwood, William H. Garrigues, Joseph Smith.
1855 .- Joseph Smith, William Jennings, Robert Tolerton, Amos Swan.
1856 .- John W. Grimmery, William Jennings, Robert Tolerton, Henry Schooley.
1857 .- Robert Tolerton, William Jennings, Henry B. Schooley, James Eggman.
1858 .- John W. Grimmery, Robert Tolerton, Williamn Jennings, Charles H. Garrigues.
1859 .- William Jennings, Robert Tolerton, John Grimmery, Timothy Gee.
1860 .- William Jennings, R. G. Painter, Timothy Gee, Charles H. Garrigues.
1861 .- Robert Tolerton, Timothy Gee, R. G. Painter, William Jen- nings.
1862 .- Hill Tolerton, William Jennings, Timothy Gee, James Mc- Connell.
1863 .- Hill Tolerton, William Jennings, L. B. Webb, Charles H. Garrigues.
1864-65 .- Hill Tolerton, John Pow, L. B. Webb, N. B. Garrigues. 1866 .- Hill Tolerton, John Negus, John Pow, Angus Campbell. 1867 .- Angus Campbell, Hill Tolerton, David Tilson, William Dunn. 1868 .- Angus Campbell, Hill Tolerton, L. B. Webb, William Dunn. 1869 .- Angus Campbell, Hill Tolerton, L. B. Webb, John Pow. 1870 .- Hill Tolerton, L. B. Webb, Richard Elton, John Pow. 1871 .- Hill Tolerton, L. B. Webb, Richard Elton, John Pow. 1872 .- L. B. Webb, Hill Tolerton, Richard Elton, John Pow. 1873 .- John Pow, Jonathan Stanley, Richard Elton, Abram Painter. 1874 .- Abram Painter, Elijah Whinnery, Richard Elton, John Pow. 1875 .- John Pow, George Rogers, Joel Stratton, Richard Elton.
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