USA > Ohio > Columbiana County > History of Columbiana County, Ohio, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 59
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CITY BANK OF SALEM.
This bank is a private institution, and was organized in April, 1872, by Boone & Campbell, by whom it is still con- tinued. Business was commenced on the corner of Depot and Main Streets, and in April, 1878, was removed to Pow's Building, corner of Main Street and Broadway.
H. GREINER & CO.
This institution was organized as a private bank, Jan. 1, 1853, by Thomas & Greiner. Upon the death of Mr. Thomas, in 1864, it was continued by Mr. Greiner for about a year and a half, when, in 1866, Mr. Boone became associated with Mr. Greiner. Jan. 1, 1871, the business passed into the hands of the present firm, by whom it is continued. They occupy a building erected for their bank- ing business in 1858.
THE CROWBAR LAW.
Salem became the scene of a short war, begun and car- ried on about 1853 or 1854 to test the constitutionality of a law. The Democratic party had come into power, and the Legislature of Ohio had passed a law authorizing the county treasurer to levy and collect taxes additional to those called for by the charter.
The State Bank of Salem being the only bank in the county, it was determined to test against it the validity of the law. J. H. Quinn, county treasurer, came up from New Lisbon with a posse of ten men and demanded the taxes, which were refused. After a second attempt he ob- tained possession of the bank, and, not having the keys to the vault, finally forced an entrance with crowbars, but found no money. Thorough search being made, there were found in the chimney-flue a number of bags of coin, with which the sheriff retired ; but the end was not yet. Suit was afterwards brought by the bank, the action of its officers sustained, and the law eventually repealed. The odious enactment became known as the " Crowbar Law."
BOUNTIES.
During the Rebellion the township of Perry, including subscriptions made by citizens, paid in bounties the sum of $11,895 under the calls of 1863 and 1864. Thirty men being the quota for the last call, the township paid for each recruit $100, which amount the subscription increased to about $170.
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RESIDENCE OF SAMUEL GASTON , ST. CLAIR TP., COLUMBIANA CO,O.
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ST. CLAIR.
ST. CLAIR, range No. 1, township No. 6, occupies an elevated but fertile region, and wellnigh describes a square in shape, being five miles wide by five miles and three- quarters in length, and covers an area of about twenty-nine square miles. Its boundaries are Middleton township on the north, Liverpool township on the south, the Pennsyl- vania line on the east, and Madison township on the west. The township is rich in natural beauty, and contains a vast scope of wildly rugged and romantic scenery. The expan- sive views obtained from some of its high elevations are charming, while here and there thickly-wooded dells, which shelter mountain brooks, and are in turn guarded by tower- ing hills, present to the eye pictures that engage and im- press the attention of the lover of nature. Beaver Creek flows through the township in an exceedingly sinuous course along the eastern border, and, emerging at the south- east corner, passes across the northeast corner of Liverpool, and so into Pennsylvania.
The middle fork of Beaver flows in a zigzag and eccentric manner across the northern portion, and, being joined at Fredericktown by the north fork, the two form thence to the Ohio what is called Beaver Creek.
The Sandy and Beaver Canal passed through St. Clair, along the course of the Beaver. The old canal-locks still mark the path of the enterprise, which was a profitless and short-lived one.
EARLY SETTLEMENT.
John Quinn, familiarly known as Hunter John Quinn, settled in St. Clair in 1792 or 1793, and is believed to have been the first white man to locate in the township. He built a log cabin upon a spot about a mile and a half east of where Thomas Huston now lives. In 1794, John Hoy settled in that part of St. Clair afterwards set off to Liver- pool, and in 1796, Seth Thomas located upon the northeast quarter of section 26, now owned and occupied by John Montgomery. Enos Thomas, his son, was commissioned a justice of the peace in 1798, and in 1803 was a member of the board of commissioners who organized Columbiana County. After that he served for twenty-three years as a justice of the peace in St. Clair for the county, was a mem- ber of the first grand jury organised in the county, was a member of the first board of county commissioners, and was a widely-known and popular citizen.
James and John Mclaughlin, two brothers, and John Coburn crossed the Alleghenies in wagons to Fort Pitt on the Ohio, where they transferred their families and house- hold possessions to a flat-boat and floated down to George- town, Pa., James McLaughlin and Coburn passing without much delay into Ohio, and settling in what is now St. Clair, the former on the northeast quarter of section 21, where B. D. Fisher now lives, and the latter on section 22, where
Seth Rauch's farm now is. It is said that the McLaugh- lins and Coburn, being in search of a new settlement, intended to locate farther down the river, but, their flat- boat becoming wrecked at Georgetown, they determined to end their journey there and seek a place in the vicinity. In 1797, John Totten settled in what is now Liverpool, where also in the same year Isaac Matson located, upon section 32.
Closely following them, James Caruthers settled upon section 28, where James McCoy now has a farm, and John
JAMES M'COY.
George, with his two sons,-William and Thomas,-upon the " Buck Flats." Here they cleared and improved a consid- erable tract of land, but failed to enter it at the land-office at once, thinking there would be ample time to do that after they had got matters into good shape. Their delay proved fatal to their interests, however, since a designing person, noting their failure and thinking to profit by the neglect, entered the land and dispossessed the Georges of the fruits of their arduous toil.
It was a bitter pill, and they protested vehemently against the outrage, but there was no redress. Pretty well discour- aged, but resolved to push ahead once more, they took up the northwest quarter of section 29, now occupied by L. Ross, and, having learned wisdom, duly entered it.
In 1797, John Gaddis settled in that part, afterwards Liverpool township, and in the same year Thomas Moore located upon section 23, Robert Davis (known as Honey Davis) upon section 22, and, in 1798, Samuel Huston upon section 21.
In 1798, James McLaughlin, Jr., settled upon section 15,
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HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO.
William White upon section 12 in 1800, Moses Baird upon section 11,-Bryerly upon section 3, Cornelius Shee- han upon section 9,-where one Carmody located at the same time,-Lewis Cammon upon section 8, William Shee- han upon Pie Ridge, in section 9, and Perry Burke upon section 12.
Hugh Clark taught the first singing-school, and was the first lister and tax-collector in St. Clair.
Many of the early settlers, like the Georges, failed to attend promptly to the necessary feature of entering their lands, and the consequence was to more than one an unfor- tunate omisssion. There were sharp-eyed speculators in those days, and they busied themselves in keeping a watch for the careless settlers who improved their lands before entering them. While the toiling pioneers, therefore, were creating farms, and while they looked with satisfaction upon the fruits of their industry and began to think of visiting the Steubenville land-office, lo! some sharper stepped in be- fore them, and, under cover of the law, appropriated the unhappy pioneer's farm and enjoyed the profit of the other's exhaustive labor.
It was a distressing hardship, but legal redress there was none. The experience was a costly one, although it taught lessons of wisdom.
Fortunately, the game played by the ruthless speculators put new comers on their guard after a while, and, after the first few lessons, the business of entering lands before im- proving them was not neglected.
Much ill-feeling was naturally engendered on the part of the bona fide settlers towards the vandals who sought to rob them of their well-deserved and well-earned rights, but no serious trouble arose therefrom, since the law protected the invaders.
Some of the early settlements in St. Clair township were made in that portion afterwards apportioned to Liverpool, and, although vaguely alluded to in the foregoing, are more properly treated of at length in the history of Liverpool.
The trials of the pioneers of St. Clair were such as the pioneers of the West everywhere were called upon to en- dure, and were such as only heroic determination and un- daunted energy could overcome.
Many of the facts above related touching the early settlers in St. Clair were gleaned from notes gathered by Mr. Uriah Thomas. Other sources of information upon the same subject-matter furnish information which is herewith given in continuation of the same theme.
Mr. James Huston, now living near Calcutta, aged ninety-one, and still in the possession of a vivid memory which enables him to recall events of eighty years ago, says that in the year 1800 he moved with his father, Samuel, from Virginia to St. Clair township, where they settled upon the place now occupied by Thomas Huston. The settlers in that neighborhood at that time were Samuel and John Coburn on the Georgetown road, near where Calcutta now is; John Quinn, a mile and a half east of Huston ; James and John Mclaughlin; Samuel Hull, who lived upon the place now occupied by Thomas Mackall; and James Caruthers, who adjoined Hull; the majority of those named being from Pennsylvania.
Shortly after 1800, James Montgomery, from Pennsyl-
vania, located south of the present Calcutta school-house, and near there Charles Hay, from Pennsylvania, took up a farm, but removed after a brief period to Stark County. John Kelly, James Gonzales, and Thomas George settled near Montgomery, on the State road. There was also close at hand - Burke, whose son James bore the rep- utation of being the strongest man in the county, as well as the champion wrestler, and who was, moreover, noted as a fighter. Henry Fisher settled where B. D. Fisher now lives, and, near there, Hugh McGinnis. John Pierce located cast of James Montgomery, William White north of Mont- gomery, and John Jackman near what is now Frederick- town. William Foulkes came over from Pennsylvania and purchased 200 acres on the site of Calcutta. He built the first brick house seen in that vicinity, and upon the lo- cation there of several settlers the place was called Foulkes- town. Foulkes' brick house was the first of its kind erected in the township, and stood upon the site of Mr. Ludden's present residence.
Alexander McCoy located upon section 16, - Shively about two miles from Calcutta, Philip Rauch and Peter Foulks near there, and Wm. Earle near the centre of the township.
Aaron Brooks erected a grist-mill on the Little Beaver not long after the year 1800, and that, it is probable, was the first grist-mill in the township.
Indians were numerous in St. Clair in those days, but they were peaccable and occasioned the settlers at no time any very serious troubles, or even annoyances. As a rule, they were lazy and harmless when sober, and moved about among the settlers freely and familiarly, begging subsistence, however, with a pertinacity and perseverance quite in keep- ing with their aversion to labor. In the trapping season they usually gathered furs enough to keep them in whisky, which they obtained at Georgetown-their general trading- point-in exchange for furs. When drunk they were some- times insolent and quarrelsome, but never dangerous.
James Huston relates that one day a party of Indians were sunning themselves on the banks of the Little Beaver, in Madison township, near the house of Wm. Carpenter, when Carpenter's son, in a spirit of mischief, turned a bucket of water over one of the Indians, White Eyes by name. White Eyes became thereupon violently enraged, and in attempting to slay the offending youth was himself slain .*
Mr. Huston says of himself that when a boy, returning one morning from a neighbor's, he was met by two mounted Indians, who stopped him and insisted upon his accompany- ing them, saying that they would take him far away and " make a man of him," to which proposal he firmly objected, and with difficulty prevailed upon the savages to forego their intention. John Smith kept a tavern-and doubtless the first one in the township-on the State road, west of where Calcutta stands, near where B. D. Fisher now lives. Paul Fisher kept there after Smith's time, and William Thompson was likewise an early landlord, his tavern being in Calcutta.
* For a more extended account of this affair see note, chap. v. of the general history.
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TOWNSHIP OF ST. CLAIR.
Among the early millers, mention may be made of one Dillon, who had a saw- and grist-mill on the north fork of the Little Beaver, and William Crawford, who had a simi- lar mill on the west fork of that stream.
The first house-carpenter was Andy Mckee, who lived east of Calcutta, and the first " Squire," Enos Thomas, who was a man of much fame, both far and near.
Miss Rebecca Quigley, aged eighty, and living in Cal- cutta, settled there, with her father, in 1813, when, she says, the village contained but six log cabins. Her father, Samuel Quigley, opened the first store in Calcutta, and kept his goods in a log cabin. After that, one James Hambel, a carpenter, put up a one-story frame shop in the village.
Miss Quigley's brother Samuel came over from St. Clairs- ville, Ohio, in 1822, and settled in Calcutta as a practicing physician. Moses Curry and Gustavus Allen practiced there some time before Dr. Quigley, but neither remained long. Before the time of the last two named, Thomas George and John Quinn used to pull teeth and prescribe simple medical remedies, but they were not physicians; they were humble farmers, willing to lend a helping hand when suffering humanity called for it.
Dr. Quigley continued in the uninterrupted practice of medicine in St. Clair township for a space of fifty years, or from 1822 to 1872, in which latter year he died.
Among those who went from St. Clair into the war of 1812 were Capt. William Foulks, James Gaddis, William Green (who died in the service), Joseph Green, Samuel Coburn, John Huston, and Samuel Huston. Of these the only one living is Joseph Green, who keeps a tavern in Calcutta.
Enos Thomas, justice of the peace of St. Clair, performed, May 17, 1803, the first marriage service in the county, the parties thereto being Jesse Smith and Susanna Shaw. He married also Samuel Dougherty to Isabella Sheehan, Aug. 18, 1803 ; Andrew Poe to Ann Hoy, Sept. 8, 1803; and Adam Hays to Sisson Stevens, Oct. 6, 1803.
ORGANIZATION.
St. Clair is one of the original townships of Columbiana County, was organized in 1803, and had its boundaries fixed by the county commissioners March 5, 1805. From the territory thus set apart St. Clair was deprived in 1834 of sections 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36, which, with frac- tional township 5, were in that year apportioned to' the new township of Liverpool.
Unfortunately for the purposes of history, the early town- ship records are lost, and from the date of organization, in 1803, to 1855, there is not a recorded line of township transactions touching the election of officers or other matters connected with local government.
Were they extant, they would at least serve to tell us who were the persons called to places of public trust in the pio- neer days, and to know that would be a matter of interest. The best that can be done in the premises is to give a list of those who have acted as trustees, clerk, and treasurer since 1845, as follows :
1845 .- Trustees, Anthony Furgeson, John Eakin, Michael Sowder; Treasurer, George Mckean; Clerk, James George.
1846 .- Trustees, John Eakin, Charles Quinn, J. W. Gaston ; Treas- urer, George Mckean; Clerk, James George.
1847 .- Trustees, John Eakin, Charles Quinn, J. W. Gaston; Treas- urer, George Mckean ; Clerk, James George.
1848 .- Trustees, John Montgomery, Wm. Maginnis, L. F. Fletcher ; Treasurer, George Mckean ; Clerk, Emanuel George.
1849 .- Trustees, John Montgomery, Win. Maginnis, L .. F. Fletcher ; Treasurer, John Grimm; Clerk, Paul Hambel.
1850 .- Trustees, John Montgomery, William Maginnis, C. V. Sowder; Treasurer, John Grimm ; Clerk, Paul Hambel.
1851 .- Trustees, George Mckean, Samuel March, James George; Treasurer, John Grimm ; Clerk, James Orr.
1852 .- Trustees, James George, Samuel March, John Jackman ; Treasurer, John Thompson ; Clerk, James Orr.
1853 .- Trustees, John Jackman, Samuel March, John Eakin ; Treas- urer, John Thompson ; Clerk, F. P. Bradish.
1854 .- Trustees, Stewart Connell, Samuel March, Michael Lepley ; Treasurer, John Thompson ; Clerk, J. M. Quigley.
1855 .- Trustees, James McCoy, John Jackman, Wm. M. Davidson ; Treasurer, John Thompson ; Clerk, T. M. Ashford.
1856 .- Trustees, James McCoy, John Wollam, Wm. M. Davidson; Treasurer, John Thompson ; Clerk, T. M. Ashford.
1857 .- Trustees, Wm. M. Davidson, James A. Miller, James W. Mar- tin; Treasurer, John Thompson ; Clerk, Thos. M. Ashford. 1858 .- Trustees, James A. Miller, James W. Martin, Wm. Wallace : Treasurer, John Thompson ; Clerk, Thos. M. Ashford.
1859 .- Trustees, William Wallace, James McCoy, George Dawson ; Treasurer, John Thompson; Clerk, Wm. Creighton.
1860 .- Trustces, George Dawson, John Montgomery, William Moore; Trensurer, B. D. Fisher; Clerk, John M. Kenney.
1861 .- Trustees, John Montgomery, Thomas Moore, William Moore ; Treasurer, B. D. Fisher; Clerk, Luther Calvin.
1862 .- Trustees, Wm. Moore, Seth Rauch, Samuel March ; Treasurer, B. D. Fisher; Clerk, Wm. Azdell.
1863 .- Trustees, John Foulk, Seth Rauch, Samuel March; Treasurer, B. D. Fisher ; Clerk, Wm. Azdell.
1864 .- Trustees, Hugh Thompson, Seth Rauch, Samuel March ; Treas- urer, B. D. Fisher ; Clerk, Samuel Mackall.
1865 .- Trustees, Hugh Thompson, Seth Rauch, Samuel March ; Treas- urer, B. D. Fisher ; Clerk, John M. Kenney.
1866 .- Trustees, Hugh Thompson, Samuel March, Seth Rauch ; Treas- urer, B. D. Fisher; Clerk, Win. Azdell.
1867 .- Trustees, John Montgomery, W. S. Smith, Seth Rauch ; Treas- urer, B. D. Fisher; Clerk, Wm. Azdell.
1868 .- Trustees, John Montgomery, Jr., W. S. Smith, James D. West ; Treasurer, B. D. Fisher; Clerk, Wm. Azdell.
1869 .- Trustees, David Figley, W. S. Smith, James D. West; Treas- urer, B. D. Fisher ; Clerk, Win. Azdell.
1870 .- Trustees, Seth Rauch, James D. West, David Figley ; Treas- urer, A. R. Hickman; Clerk, R. F. Bradley.
1871 .- Trustees, Seth Rauch, Samuel Mackall, L. B. MacMillen; Treasurer, George Grader, Jr .; Clerk, John Montgomery, Jr. 1872 .- Trustees, Seth Rauch, A. R. Hickman, James Welch; Treas- urer, George Grader, Jr .; Clerk, John Montgomery, Jr.
1873 .- Trustees, Seth Rauch, A. R. Hickman, James Welch ; Treas- urer, George Grader, Jr. ; Clerk, John Montgomery, Jr. 1874 .- Trustees, Seth Rauch, James Welch, A. R. Hickman ; Treas- urer, George Grader, Jr .; Clerk, John Montgomery, Jr. 1875-76 .- Trustees, Seth Rauch, A. R. Hickman, James Welch; Treasurer, George Grader, Jr. ; Clerk, John Montgomery, Jr. 1877 .- Trustees, W. S. Smith, Samuel Mackall, John Baxter ; Treas- urer, George Grader, Jr. ; Clerk, J. N. Mahafie.
1878 .- Trustces, W. S. Smith, Samuel Mackall ; Treasurer, B. D. Fisher ; Clerk, J. N. Mabaffie.
1879 .- Trustees, Jobn Baxter, Robert Irwin, J. D. West; Treasurer, B. D. Fisher ; Clerk, J. N. Mabaffie.
VILLAGES.
St. Clair township contains no incorporated village. There are four so-called villages or hamlets, known as Cal- cutta, Cannon's Mills, Sprucevale, and Fredericktown, of which Calcutta, the place of earliest settlement, is the seat of township government, and contains a town-hall, two stores, hotel, and school. At Cannon's Mills are C. Metsch's steam grist-mill and a store; at Fredericktown, laid out by
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HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO.
George Frederick, December, 1833, there are a store, grist- mill, tannery, saw-mill, cooper-shops, and other minor indus- tries. Sprucevale is an agricultural settlement.
In the early days Calcutta was known as Nineveh,-a name said to have been applied to it by John Mclaughlin because of its supposed wickedness,-but the name it now bears was subsequently given to it as less suggestive, and in remembrance of Calcutta in India, but why the latter appellation was given is not precisely clear. Calcutta was also known at one time as Foulkstown, in honor of William Foulks, an early settler, who built the first brick house there, and who was a prominent citizen. The place was originally laid out as West Union, in November, 1810, by Michael Shirtz and William Foulks.
CHURCHES.
Religious worship was made a public observance in St. Clair very soon after the earliest settlements in the town- ship. and the fact that a church was organized as early as 1800 implies that when the settlers began to come in, in 1794, they multiplied apace. True, the privileges enjoyed by the inhabitants in respect to public preaching were not frequent, nor were they very regular, but an early organi- zation of a religious body increased their advantages, and, as will be seen by the church history which follows, four church organizations at least had been effected previous to 1828. There are at present, May 1, 1879, four churches in the township, to wit : Presbyterian, United Presbyterian, Disciples, and Methodist.
THE LONG'S RUN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
was organized about 1800,-the loss of the early records leaving the matter of fixing the date to oral evidence,- when Revs. Scott, Hughes, McCurdy, McMillan, Marquis, and others who were instrumental in forwarding the great religious revival in Western Pennsylvania visited St. Clair, and, where Calcutta now stands, held open-air meetings under trees or in tents and houses. The first sermon is supposed to have been delivered in 1800 by Rev. Mr. Hughes, of Pennsylvania, under a tree which stood in the centre of where the two main streets in Calcutta now cross.
The next sermon was preached on William Tucker's farm, where B. D. Fisher now lives. Thence the place of worship was changed to Long's Run, near Cannon's Mills, and here it is likely the church was organized, since it has always been known as the Long's Run church.
The first elders were Samuel Marquis and Eben Miller. After retaining Long's Run as the place of worship for a brief period, the church moved to Tucker's farm, the old preaching-ground, then owned by Paul Fisher. Before this time services had been held in the open air in the summer and in the log cabins of settlers in the winter, but upon the return to Tucker's place a round-log church was erected there, and served as a place for winter worship, while tents and groves served a similar purpose in the summer, as before.
The first settled pastor was the Rev. Clement L. Vallan- digham (father of the Ohio statesman of that name), who was installed in the log church on Mr. Fisher's farm in
1806 or 1807, and settled, about the same time, over a church in New Lisbon. Mr. Vallandigham labored in both churches until 1817, when he devoted himself ex- clusively to the New Lisbon church. He was noted for his methodical promptness in fulfilling all his appointments, and it is said that when the streams were high he swam them with his horse many a time to keep his Sabbath en- gagements at Calcutta, his home being at New Lisbon. In 1808 the united . membership of the churches at Cal- cutta and New Lisbon was but 45, but in 1817, when Mr. Vallandigham closed his labors at Calcutta, the rolls of the two churches showed an aggregate membership of 261. Of Mr. Vallandigham it used to be remarked that he was the preacher for Christians, while Mr. Hughes was the preacher for sinners.
During the former's ministry the place of worship was changed from Fisher's farm to a place very near the site occupied by the present church-building, and there a log church was built. About then, too, the eldership was in- creased by the election of Messrs. James Montgomery, Perry Creighton, and Thomas Creighton.
The ground for this second log church was donated by Wm. Foulks, and the structure crected about 1810.
The next settled pastor after Mr. Vallandigham was Rev. Win. Reid, who, from 1821, preached alternately at Calcutta and New Salem, and remained in charge for a period of twenty-eight years, or until 1849. Mr. Reid was a tireless, energetic worker, and at one time the mem- bership of his church in Calcutta outnumbered that of any church in the Presbytery. Later it was shorn of much of its strength in the erection, by its members, of churches in Madison, East Liverpool, Clarkson, and Glasgow.
During Mr. Reid's time the log church was replaced by a small brick edifice, and this latter, in 1830, enlarged by the addition of forty feet.
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