USA > Ohio > Columbiana County > History of Columbiana County, Ohio, with illustrations and biographical sketches of some of its prominent men and pioneers > Part 7
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Under the act of March 2, 1846, a new system of tax- ation was inaugurated, which, with various slight modifica- tions, is now in force .*
VALUATION, 1878 .- The number of acres of land in the county, as exhibited in the grand duplicate for the year 1878, is 335,429; valuation of lands, $11,189,946; of chattel property, $7,594,973; total valuation, 822,886,799.
TAXES, 1878.
Tax for State Debt or Sinking Fund, foths mill, $11,443.39
Tax for General Revenue Fund, fiths mill .... 9,154.72
Tax fur Asylum Fund, 1 mill ...
22,886.80
Tax for State Common School Fund, 1 mill. 22,886.80
Total for State purposes. $66,371.71
Total taxes for all other than State purposes. $155,365.52
Grand total for all purposes.
$221,737.23
The taxes for all other than State purposes were as follows:
County tax.
.$13,732.07
Poor tax.
4,577.35
Bridge tax.
11,443,40
Road tax ...
12,012.04
Township tax.
13,593.33
For all school purposes.
68,469.03
Other special taxes.
3,768.87
City, town, and village taxes.
27,769.43
Total.
$155,365.52
. Report of State Auditor for 1878.
The following receipt, dated Jan. 9, 1818, from the commissioners' records, illustrates the manner of making tax settlements with the State authorities :
"Received of Ebenezer Miller, resident collector of Columbians County, three thousand four hundred and thirty-one dollars of Bank paper, Road Commissioners' orders for a part of the three per cent. fund, to the amount of one thousand and seventy-five dollars, receipts for wolf-scalps to the amount of sixty-two dollars, the whole amount- ing to four thousand five hundred and sixty-eight dollars, for which I promise to account for so much thereof as will be received of me by. the Treasurer of the State of Obio.
"$4568.00.
" ALEX. PATTERSON, Collecter,
" Fifth Non-resident Collection District, Ohio.'
The following table gives the aggregate valuations of all real and personal property placed upon the duplicate for taxation in each toronship, town, village, and separate school district in the present county of Columbiana, and in the townships of Springfield, Beaver, Green, Goshen, and Smith, in the county of Mahoning, with the rates levied upon such property-stated in mills and decimals-for the years 1877 and 1878. The rate includes two and nine- tenths mills raised for State purposes, and shows, therefore, the entire tax for all purposes raised in each locality :
1877.
1878
TOWNSHIPS, DISTRICTS, ETC.
Rate
Valuation.
Mills. Valuation.
Rate Mills.
Liverpool Township,
8.5
7.4-
School Dist.,
$1,369,958
17.8
$1,075,015
15.4
Corpunition,
23 1
20.6
St. Clair Township ..
9.7
640,763
7.1
Middleton Township
8.3
726,824
- 6.6
Unity Township,
14.2
10.8
School Dist, No. 1,
8.8
8.6
9.6
1,631,725
7.4
4
10.1
6.6
East Palestine Village,
16.1
18.6
Yellow Creek- Township, )
11.7
7.8
Wellsville School Dist.,
1,789,671
10.5
1,728,819
9.8
Madison Township,
827,204
8.6
810,065
6.9
Klk Run Township
915,819
7.5
919,781
Fairfield Township,
1
1,633,810
13.0
12.6
Corporation,
7.1
5.7
Salineville School Dist.,
892,036
91
862,629
10.2
Wayne Township ..
567,768
7.9
573,831
7.1
Centre Township, New Lisbon School Dist.,
1,613,409
11.8
1.578:268
11.2
Corporation,'S
18.5
18.4
Salem Township,
9.3
7.8 8.1
Washingtonville School Dist.,
Corporation,
1,799,877 22.1
1,813,571
18.6
Leetouis School Dist.,
26.1
24.0
Corporation,
27.5
26.
Franklin Township ..
765,296
7.9
5.0
Hanover Township.
1
1,297,305
14.3
1,323,200
12.7
Corporation,
18.5
17.0
Butler Township ..
1,035,755
10.8
1,027,428
87
Perry Township,
2,902,796
12.1
10.8
West Township.
1,433,195
7.6
1,392,693
6.3
Knox Township.
1,203,990
9.4
1,175,207
6.5
Springfield Townshipt
1,278,490
8.7
1,268,830
7.8
Beaver Townshipt
1,959,236
-18.0
1.261,206
10.0
Green Townshipt.
1,001,219
11.6
1,067,734
9.6
Washingtonville Corporationt.
53,718
24.4
55,816
20.5
Gushen Townshipt.
1,314,616
10.9
1,313,076
10.2
Smith Townshipf ..
1,171,317
9.7 | 1,18%,538
8.7
INDEBTEDNE88.
Columbiana and Mahoning, as counties, are free from debt. The following statement exhibits the entire town- ship, village, and school district indebtedness, within the
t Now in Mahoning County.
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7.4
Union School Dist.,
8.2
1,666,055
Columbiana School Dist.,
22.1
Washington Township,
Corporation, J
11.9
9.8
9.0
4.
1,628,494
8.2
8.2
4,
14.2
12.8
Corporation,
138
198
8.6
22.1
School Dist.,
9.1
9.3
Salem School Dist. and Corporation,
6.3
2,859,625
4.0
/02,340
8.0 7.6
3,
643,289 719,706
31
HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO.
territory covered by this history, on the first day of Sep- tember, 1878:
Liverpool township, seven per cent. bonds $3,000
Liverpool village, eight per cent. bonds .. 6,660
New Lisbon village ....
2.951
Washingtonville school district, eight per cent. bonds :..
13,800
Letonia school district bonds.
22,000
$8,411
Washingtonville school district, in Green town-
ship, Mahoning County, eight per cent.
bonds
13,900
$62,311
The total indebtedness of Columbiana County in 1877 was $63,759, showing a decrease within the succeeding year of $15,348.
STATISTICS OF POPULATION.
The following is a list of the townships of Columbiana, in 1840, with their population, which aggregates 42,662 :
Township.
Pop. 1973
Township.
Pop.
Bearer
Middleton
160:
Butler.
1711
Perry
163€
Centre .. 3472
Salem
1903
Elk Run ..
873
Smith
2029
Fairfield
2108
Springfield
1994
Franklin
893
St. Clair
1739
Gosben.
1397
Unity
1984
Green ..
3212
Washington 814
1086
KDOZ.
2111
West
1915
Liverpool
1096
Yollow Creek
2686
Madison
1472
The population of the county in 1803 was 543; in 1810, 10,878; in 1820, 22,033; in 1830, 35,508; in 1840,* 42,662; in 1850,+ 33,621; in 1860, 32,836; in 1870, 38,655. By the county map made by Jacob G. Williard in 1841, the population in 1830 is stated to have been 31,999, a discrepancy of 3509.
POPULATION OF TOWNS IN 1840.
The following statistics of population for the year 1840 are taken from a map of the county, published in 1841, by Jacob G. Williard : Benton, 74; Calcutta, 135; Clarkson, 63; Columbiana, 273; Chambersburg, 82; Dungannon, 47; Damascus, 99; Elkton, 68; Fairfield, 181 ; Franklin Square, 151 ; Georgetown, 219 ; Green Village, 351 ; Gill- ford, 216; Hanover, 424; Liverpool, 503; Lewiston, 79; Lima, 129; Middle Beaver, 27; New Lisbon, 1490; N. Middleton, 118; N. Springfield, 89; New Albany, 52; New Garden, 194; New Alexandria, 121; Petersburgh, 187; Palestine, 88; Rochester, 65; Salem, 842; Unity, 204; Wellsville, 759 ; Williamsport, 84; Washingtonville, 107; Westville, 63.
CHAPTER XII. POLITICAL HISTORY.
FOR & period of twenty-three years after the erection of Columbiana County there were, strictly speaking, no politi- cal parties, no caucuses to lead, no " platforms" to mislead the possessors of the franchise.
. Carroll County erected Dec. 25, 1832.
t Maboning County erected 1845.
A candidate for any office was usually such from his own choice, in compliance with the desire of friends. It there- fore often happened that many candidates, all " regular," would run simultaneously for the same office.
Respecting the political situation in the first years of the county's history, Hon. H. H. Gregg wrote as follows in 1877:1
" The first State election in Ohio took place before Columbiana County was created, and therefore our vote is merged in the vote of Jefferson. The first vote for gover- nor was canvassed in joint session of the Legislature, March 3, 1803, when Edward Tiffin, of Ross County, was declared elected, having received four thousand five hundred and sixty-four votes and no opposition. This was twenty- two days before Columbiana was made a separate county. At the first enumeration our county was put down as hav- ing five hundred und forty-two free white male inhabitants. We were represented by Rudolph Bair in the first General Assembly, which convened at Chillicothe, on the 1st day of March, 1803, and by Richard Beeson in the second General Assembly, which met on the first Monday of December, 1803. In the third General Assembly, which convened at Chillicothe on the first Monday of December, 1804, Rudolph Bair is put down as the representative in the House from Columbiana County, showing that we were then a separate representative district. And so primitive and democratic were our manners and customs at this very early period that I have very good authority for saying that the Honorable Rudolph Buir, as we would style him at this day, rode to Chillicothe on a sack well filled with strunwo ! This, how- ever, is no disparagement to an honest representative, who rode through the woods and wilderness in this independent style to represent his constituents at the seat of government. Saddles were not as plenty as at the present day, when made with the aid of patent sewing-machines."
The election of Oot. 9, 1821, was of peculiar interest, and illustrates the independent manner in which political affairs were conducted before the mothod and madness of conventions and party organizations were introduced. In that year there were no less than three candidates for the office of senator, eighteen for that of representative, six for sheriff, four for coroner, nine for commissioner, and five for auditor; in all forty-five candidates for siz offices.
The following spirited rhymes, concerning the candidates in that contest for the offices of senator and representative, appeared at the time, and were from the spicy pen of Jabez Coulson, Esq., then of Franklin township :§
"My friends, the day is drawing near Which God of Nature gives, For choosing our Benator. Keen candidates are plenty, too, On legislation bent. Fifteen or twenty wish to go, But Lord knows who'll be sent. Bomo talked of starting John again, But others think it best To send a plainer-costed man, And let the Doctor rest.
+ Vide the Ohio Patriot, Sept. 6, 1877. ¿ Those wishing to know who were candidates for the several offices, and to whom these lines were meant to apply, are referred to the columns of the Ohio Patriot for Sept. 6, 1877.
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Hanover
2963
Wayne,
32
HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO.
Old Jory, he lies still, for fear Of being sore perplexed ; But if he takes his wind this year, He'll speak the better next. Some say that Wilson, Will, and Dun, Each one a prize will take; While others as sincerely plan For Peter, George, and Juke. Ales. some say will scarcely crawl, And Ike will run but little ; But I say a fair race to all, Both Club and Hiltabidle. Throw up the reins and let them run, Apply the whip and spur, And when the glittering prize is won They'll care for you no more."
The first regular organization of parties in Columbiana County was in 1827. A call was issued Nov. 10th, of that year, requesting. the township sub-committees " to meet at John Morrison's hotel, in New Lisbon, on Saturday the 24th inst., for the purpose of appointing delegates to the Jackson convention to be held at Columbus, on the 8th of January, 1828." Col. Jacob Roller, Dr. Samuel Quigley, William Moody, and John Morrison were chosen as del- egates to the convention.
The Adains-administration-party organized about the same time, and by preamble and resolutions passed at a meeting at New Lisbon, Dec. 3, 1827, favored the re-election of John Quincy Adams to the presidency, and Gov. Jobn Andrew Shultze, of Pennsylvania, to the vice-presidency. George Endly, De Lorma Brooks, Andrew W. Loomis, Albert G. Richardson, and Isaac Early were chosen as delegates to the Columbus convention of December 28th.
In 1832 the Anti-Masonic party was formed, and united with the Whig party in the gubernatorial election of that year, but were unsuccessful. The Aurora, edited by John Frost, was the Anti-Masonic organ. The Jackson, or Dem- ocratic, party were victorious, electing for the first time their entire county ticket, as follows : Auditor, William D. Lep- per; Commissioner, John Smith ; Representatives, Fisher A. Blocksom, Robert Forbes, and John Quin; Congress- man, Dr. John Thompson.
The vote of the county, which in 1824 had been divided between Jackson, Adams, and Clay,-who received respect- ively 538, 190, and 173 votes,-gave Jackson, in 1832, a majority of 781 over Clay; and in 1836, with a Whig majority of 8720 in the State, gave Van Buren, Democrat, a majority of 334 over Harrison,* Whig.
Both parties in the county kept abreast of the excitements of the Clay und Harrison times, whose symbols, flaunted in wood-cuts in the papers of the day, and produced in "real life," were tall poles and crowing cocks, coons, cabins, and hard cider. A log cabin was built in 1840, at New Lisbon, and for a considerable time was a rallying- point for the Whigs.
*"On the 12th of July, 1838, Gen. W. H. Harrison arrived in New Lisbon, and was escorted into town by the New Lisbon Guards, commanded by Capt. John McCook, and on the next day partook of a public dinner, tendered him by his political friends, in the ware- house which then stood at the lower end of Market Street, and since burned. The general made a specch, and toasts were drank, etc. I cannot now recollect the president of the meeting, but I know there were several old soldiers present who were under Gen. Harrison in the War of 1812."-Hon. H. H. Gregy, in Ohio Patriot, Sept. 6, 1877.
ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT.
The agitation which led to the anti-slavery movement in the county of Columbiana, and which in time made the towns of New Lisbon and Salem prominent points con- nected with that movement in the State, commenced more than fifty years ago.
The active opposers of slavery, for four or five years suc- ceeding their first meeting, Dec. 12, 1826, made the sub- ject of colonization a prominent or principal feature of their organized action, and embraced among their numbers many who, in after-years, did not sustain the doctrine of unqualified abolition ; some, indeed, became bitter oppo- nents of that doctrine.
Colonization .- The first step taken in support of the colonization movement was at New Lisbon, at the date above given, when, at a meeting of citizens, five of their number were chosen, who prepared an address to the people of the county setting forth the moral and political evils of slavery. This appeal was published in the columns of the Ohio Patriot, a Democratic paper, and made the startling announcement that the two millions then held as slaves would become ten millions in the succeeding half-century.
At the next meeting-held at the court-house in New Lisbon, Jan. 6, 1827-a society was organized and a con- stitution adopted. In this quarterly meetings were con- templated, but none other was held until the 30th of August ensuing. A later meeting was addressed by a member of the bar of New Lisbon. Enthusiasm waxed earnest, and auxiliary societies were formed in several townships, one of which was at Salem. . Throughout this movement was felt the salutary influence of the Society of Friends, early settlers in different parts of the county.
In a speech delivered at the court-house at New Lisbon, in 1828, by Benjamin Lundy, then editor of the Genius of Universal Emancipation,-a paper published at Balti- more,-the project was favored of freeing the slaves and colonizing them in Mexico.
Colonization schemes of whatever kind, whether holding in view the settlement of slaves in Liberia, Hayti, or Mex- ico, though earnestly presented, made little headway, and the movement in that direction was swallowed up in the succeeding wave of
Unqualified Emancipation .- The thundering denuncia- tions hurled against the institution of slavery by William Lloyd Garrison in time bore fruit in further organized efforts towards its universal, unqualified abolition. The pub- lication of the Liberator was commenced by Mr. Garrison in 1831, and the movement took shape in Columbiana County about three years afterwards. An anti-slavery society was formed at a meeting of citizens held at the school-house in Fairfield township, April 5, 1834, designed to co-operate with similar societies formed elsewhere, and the same year, or a little later, an organization was effected at the town of Salem. The latter was brought about chiefly by the efforts of Abraham Bair, whose previous influence had fully prepared the way.
The subject of emancipation was warmly advocated in the local papers, prominent among which was the Aurora, published at New Lisbon, distinguished citizens of the county-physicians, teachers, and others-contributing ably
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HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO.
to its columns. Long addresses were published, and lectures delivered by various speakers throughout the county, in 1835-36.
It was in these troublous days that the discussion of the slavery question among the students was interdicted by the Faculty of Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, of which Lyman Beecher then was president. Many left its halls and be- came powerful instruments in aid of the anti-slavery cause. Augustus Wattles and James A. Thorne, two of the stu- dents, appeared in support of the cause before audiences at New Lisbon, in March, 1836. After their second meeting they were bidden not to use the court-house for such dis- cussions, and resorted to the Friends' meeting-house, which was freely placed at their disposal. Their efforts extended through the week, and resulted in the formation of a local anti-slavery society for New Lisbon.
Other auxiliary societies soon sprang into life in the county, and their meetings elicited the extremes of opinion, not only, but all the delicate shades between. There were virulent opponents of the movement, which was charac- terized from the high places of authority, whether ecclesias- tical'or political, as " anti-Christian and treasonable."
The year 1840, when it was proposed to make the anti- slavery movement a power at the ballot-box, the Liberty party was formed for that purpose. From that time there existed two distinct organizations,-the Liberty party and the Disunion Abolitionists, the latter under the lead of Mr. Garrison,-but they worked in unison until 1845. The breach was made broad and deep in Columbiana County when, at an anniversary meeting of the Western Anti- Slavery Society, held in the Disciples' Church, New Lisbon, June 5, in that year, Miss Abby. Kelly appeared upon the scene, in her most aggressive attitude. There was a large attendance, and at the meetings, which continued through three days, "radical resolutions were proposed, discussed, and adopted, notwithstanding strenuous opposition on the part of some present." These resolutions embodied the phrase " no union with slaveholders," and denounced the constitution of the United States as "a covenant with death and an agreement with hell." Miss Kelly afterwards addressed meetings at Salem, Unionville, New Garden, Sa- lineville, and other places in the county.
Until 1840, little other force than moral suasion had been applied by the friends of emancipation to accomplish their object. In that year, the Liberty candidates for Pres- ident and Vice-President, Birney and Eurle, received a few votes in the county.
The Liberty party, in 1848, experienced a change of name, and became the Free-Soil party by action of the Buffalo Convention, which nominated Martin Van Buren and Charles Francis Adams, and was finally merged into the Republican party in 1854, a few for a time dissenting. The history of the latter party is familiar to all readers of the present day.
While the political horison was all aflame with the red and white heat of forensic pyrotechnics, many a fugitive turned his face northward, screened by the accompanying clouds of smoke.
Underground Railroad .- In the sketch of the anti- slavery movement, prepared in 1877, by Mr. John Frost,
of New Lisbon, secretary of the Columbiana Pioncer and Historical Association, the following account appears :*
" Columbiana County had, in the days of slave-holding ascendency, not a few stations on what was called the underground railroad,-that is, places of safety where fugi- tives fleeing from oppression were concealed and protected from their pursuers, and who were aided on their journey toward the north star and freedom, in the British dominions of Canada. Many an escaped slave realized the beneficence of those good Samaritans at private houses, some of which were known by a sort of spiritual telegraph to the slaves within the borders of oppression, and especially to those who had reached the Cunaan of Liberty. The records of these friends of liberty, if gathered and put in a volume, would tell many a thrilling tule, and thus form a most inter- esting link in the chain of anti-slavery history. The com- plete list would be a long one, of those who risked their liberty and their all in befriending the fugitive."
To mention all the citizens of Columbiana who were dili- gent or even prominent in promoting the cause of abolition, is not the aim of this article; to name the few more bril- fiant of the galaxy would seem invidious. 'The ardor of inany is perhaps best described in the words of Mr. Frost : " In the early days of the anti-slavery cause it was regarded no hardship for some of the veterans to walk ten, fifteen, and twenty miles to be present at even small meetings ; and as far back as 1840 and 1844, when State conventions were held at Massillon, quite a number of persons in our county traveled on Shanks' mare more than forty miles to that place. Such facts indicate the self-sacrificing spirit of those who early enlisted in this then unpopular cause."
Not alone did the white brethren give voice to the demands for universal freedom. The escaped slave himself joined in the mighty anthem whose quickening burden, swelling to amplest volume, rolled from sea to sea. Among the fugitives were William W. Brown-called William Box Brown, from having once escaped from slavery concealed in a box-and Jo Masou, who cheered on the cause with vigorous songs, adapted from plantation melodies, but not weighted with plantation sentiments. The following, with additional verses, as sung by Brown, was a favorite :
" IIo! the car, Emancipation, Rides majestic through the nation, Bearing on its train the story, Liberty, a nation's glory. Roll it along, Throughout the nation, Freedom's car, Emancipation !"
The newspapers of the county which, to a greater or less extent, were identified with the cause, were the Aurora, of New Lisbon, from about 1834; the Village Register, by B. B. Davis, established in 1838 or '39; the Homestead Journal, by Aaron Hinchman, of later date; and the Anti-Slavery Bugle, founded in 1845. The last-named paper was first edited and conducted by a committee,-of which James Burnaby was chief,-appointed by the Ohio Anti-Slavery Society.t
The strength of the anti-slavery party, as represented by
. From Mr. Frost's sketch this article is chiefly compiled. t See history of Salem, Perry township, in this volume.
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34
HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO.
the ballot at successive periods, was as follows : For Presi- dent, J. G. Birney, in 1840, received 12 votes; in 1841, Dr. Stanton, for Senator, 78; 1842, L. King, for Governor, 211; 1843, Lewis Morgan, for Representative, 220; 1844, Birney, for President, 217; 1845, for Representatives, Sloan, 133, Snodgrass, 130; 1846, Lewis, for Governor, 119; 1847, McCurdy, for Representative, 81; 1848, Van Buren, for President, 861 ; 1849, Kerns, for Representa- tive, 298; 1850, Smith, for Governor, 232; 1851, Lewis, for Governor, 337; 1852, Hale, for President, 903; 1853, Lewis, for Governor, 1503; 1854, Bingham, for Congress, 3584.
AN EXCITING INCIDENT.
An incident connected with the meeting at New Lisbon in June, 1845, is thus related by a participant in the affair :
Miss Kelly, who had been sent down by Judge King from Warren to Salem, stopped at the house of her old friend, J- H --- , and halting at the door, said to him, " I've come to Ohio to kill off the Liberty party, and if you say with such a mission in view you won't receive me, I'll go elsewhere."
" Walk in," was his reply ; " we'll kill you with kindness."
At the New Lisbon meeting-Cyrus McNeeley presid- .ing-were five or six able speakers from the East, Miss Kelly occupying the long box pulpit. The attendance was large, and the interest through the three days unabated. Miss Kelly charged that " Washington and Jefferson were slave-holding thieves, living by the unpaid labor of robbed women and children." Here J- H-, getting the stand, said, " This is a slander upon Jefferson. I tremble for my country when I remember that God is just, and His justice cannot sleep forever !" At once, almost crowd- ing off the speaker, she replied, " Ah! devils fear and tremble when the Almighty is thundering out his wrath upon them,-but are they any the less devils ?"
At this point, a prominent Democrat excitedly exclaimed, "She is proving it all ; but it will lead to war and blood- shed !" Just at this period of wild excitement burst forth the song,-
"We have a weapon firmer set,
And better than the bayonet ;
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