USA > Pennsylvania > A geography of Pennsylvania : containing an account of the history, geographical features, soil, climate, geology, botany, zoology, population, education, government, finances, productions, trade, railroads, canals &c. of the state : with a separate description of each county, and questions for the convenience of teachers : to which is appended, a travellers' guide, or table of distances on the principal rail road, canal and stage routes in the state > Part 49
Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).
Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51
From Professor A. S. Packard.
As it respects the portion published separately for Academies, I do not hesitate to say, that it has advantages over similar works designed for students, and ought to be in their hands scarcely less than the Dictionary or Grammar.
From Rev. R. E. Pattison, President of Waterville College.
I have examined with considerable attention the " Manual of Classical Literature," and especially the first, second and third parts [the parts included in the volume entitled " Clas- sical Antiquities"]; and I certify with entire cheerfulness my opinion, that the work is one of much value, and that in preparing it, the author has rendered to the cause of learning an essential service.
Prof. Barnes, who instructs in the Latin and Greek classics in this College, allows me to express his full approbation of the work as an important aid in his department of instruction.
From Rev. L. Coleman, late Principal of the Burr Seminary, Manchester, Vt., now Principal of the Teacher's Seminary, Andover, Mass.
It is with peculiar pleasure that I learn that the part of the " Manual of Classical Lite- rature," relating to the Mythology and Antiquities of the Greeks and Romans, together with that relating to Classical Geography and Chronology, is given to the public in a sepa- rate form, adapted to youth belonging to our Academies and Classical Seminaries. As an instructer of youth, I have long felt the want of some such manual to aid them in the study of Classical literature. To all who are pursuing a course of Classical study, this Compend should be, not a book of reference, but a text-book faithfully studied and familiarly known.
From Mr. J. S. Fancher, Principal of the Northampton High School.
I have carefully examined the " Classical Antiquities," by Professor Fiske, and consider it a book of which every Classical student should avail himself in his preparatory studies. I design to introduce it in my school as soon as it can be obtained.
From Rev. D. R. Austin, Principal of Monson Academy.
I have long felt the need of such a work for Classical scholars in the early stages of their education. The epitome of Classical Geography and Chronology is of peculiar importance, as it opens a rich fund of information upon these subjects, which are generally very imper- fectly understood .- After a thorough examination of Professor Fiske's Manual, I am deeply impressed with a sense of its unrivalled excellence.
From Rev. L. Sabin, late Principal of Hopkins Academy, Hadley, Mass.
I have carefully examined the Manual of Classical Antiquities, being a detached portion, bound separately from the "Manual of Classical Literature." I perused the Classical Antiquities with much interest and pleasure, which increased at every step by seeing so great an amount of Classical learning so accurately and perspicuously systematized and con- densed. It appears to me that the work is admirably fitted for extensive use in our Acade- mies and High Schools. As a text-book, to be studied in connexion with Virgil, Cicero, &c., by those who are commencing a course of liberal study, such a work is needed; it cannot be dispensed with by those who would be thoroughly prepared for the study of the other classics. And those students who would acquire an education without the system of a College, and would even confine themselves to studies in English, will be well paid for their time and labour in the thorough study of the Manual of Classical Antiquities.
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Works Published by Edward C. Biddle.
JOHNSON'S MOFFAT'S NATURAL PHILOSOPHY .- A System of Natural Philosophy designed for the use of Schools and Acade- mies, on the basis of Mr. J. M. Moffat, comprising Mechanics, Hydrostatics, Hydraulics, Pneumatics, Acoustics, Pyronomics, Optics, Electricity, Gal- vanism and Magnetism : With Emendations, Notes, Questions for Ex- amination, &c. &c. By Prof. W. R. Johnson.
The title of the above work has been changed from "Scientific Class Book, Part I."
JOHNSON'S MOFFAT'S CHEMISTRY .- An Elementary Trea- tise on Chemistry, together with Treatises on Metallurgy, Mineralogy, Chrystallography, Geology, Oryctology and Meteorology, designed for the use of Schools and Academies ; on the basis of Mr. J. M. Moffat : With Additions, Emendations, Notes, References, Questions for Ex- amination, &c. &c. By Prof. W. R. Johnson.
The title of the above work has been changed from "Scientific Class Book, Part II."
The Board of Controllers of the Public Schools of the First School District of Pennsylvania, at a meeting held March 8, 1842, authorized the introduction into the Grammar Schools of the District, of the above works by Prof. Johnson.
MR. EDWARD C. BIDDLE,- Philadelphia, June 22, 1835.
I have carefully examined your " Scientific Class Book, Part I.," and find it what has for some time been much wanted in our academies and high schools. The emendations, notes, and additional illustrations, are important, and what might be expected from one so perfectly at home, both theoretically and practically, in the range of Natural Philosophy, as Mr. Johnson is extensively known to be. The list of works for reference will be appreciated by intelligent teachers. I have in- troduced it as a Text-Book, and commend it cordially to the notice and examina- tion of others.
CHARLES HENRY ALDEN,
Principal of the Philadelphia High School for Young Ladies.
MR. EDWARD C. BIDDLE, 6th Month 23d, 1835.
Sir,-I have examined the first part of the Scientific Class-Book just published by you, and cheerfully express my opinion, that, for accuracy and comprehensive- ness, this work contains a system of principles and illustrations on the subject on which it treats, superior to any book of the same size and price intended for the use of schools.
As this volume is the first of a series on the Mechanical and Physical Sciences, the public may confidently expect that the successive parts, when completed, will constitute a consistent set of treatises peculiarly adapted to the present wants of places of education.
JOHN M. KEAGY.
We cheerfully concur in opinion with the above recommendations.
JOS. P. ENGLES,
WILLIAM MARRIOTT,
HUGH MORROW,
RIAL LAKE,
WM. A. GARRIGUES,
BENJAMIN MAYO,
M. SOULE,
JAMES P. ESPY,
JACOB PEIRCE,
REV. SAMI. W. CRAWFORD, A. M., Principal of the Acadl. Dept. of the University of Pennsylvania.
WM. CURRAN,
THOMAS MCADAM, CHARLES MEAD,
D. R. ASHTON,
JAS. E. SLACK,
EL. FOUSE,
WM. MANN, A. M.
C. FELTT, THOMAS BALDWIN,
CHAS. B. TREGO,
JOHN STOCKDALE,
WM. ROBERTS,
THOS. COLLINS,
URIAH KITCHEN, THOMAS H. WILSON,
SAML. CLENDENIN,
SHEPHERD A. REEVES,
AUGUSTINE LUDINGTON,
E. H. HUBBARD,
JNO. D. GRISCOM,
WILLIAM McNAIR,
N. DODGE,
JAMES CROWELL, J. O'CONNOR,
JOHN HASLAM.
New York, July, 1835.
Having examined the First Part of the Scientific Class-Book, we feel justified in concurring in the above favourable recommendations. EDW. D. BARRY, DAVID SCHUPER, F. A. STREETER, J. M. ELY, JOSEPH McKEEN,
CHARLES W. NICHOLS,
JONATHAN B. KIDDER,
THOMAS MCKEE,
BENJAMIN C. TUCKER,
T. G. POTTS,
S. BICKNELL,
L. W. BURNET,
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Works Published by Edward C. Biddle.
PATRICK S. CASSADY, WM. R. ADDINGTON, RUFUS LOCKWOOD, NORTON THAYER, JOHN OAKLEY,
G. I. HOPPER, J. B. PECK, S. JENNER, RICHARD J: SMITH.
From Alexander D. Bache, A. M., Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania.
MR. EDWARD C. BIDDLE,
Sir,-I have examined, with much pleasure, the first part of the " Scientific Class-Book." The additions of the American editor appcar to me to have well adapted the book for use in schools and academies. Its utility to the general reader has no doubt been increased by the same labours. Very respectfully, yours, A. D. BACHE.
September 16, 1835.
From N. W. Fiske, A. M., V. D. M., Professor, Amherst College, Mass.
MR. EDWARD C. BIDDLE,
Sir,-The "Scientific Class-Book" appears to me, judging from the portions I have yet found time to read, a very excellent work. A vast amount of the most interesting and valuable knowledge is brought into a small compass, and is gene- rally presented in a very clear and happy method. I hope it will obtain extensive circulation, as I know of nothing better adapted for common instruction in the sciences which are treated in the part I have seen.
Very respectfully, I am yours, N. W. FISKE. September 21, 1835.
In the opinion expressed by Professor Fiske, respecting the "Scientific Class- Book, Part I.," I can most cheerfully concur. E. S. SNELL, A. M.,
Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, in Amherst College, Massachusetts.
From Rev. David R. Austin, A. M., Principal of Monson Academy.
I fully agree with Professors Fiske and Snell, in regard to the " Scientific Class- Book," and shall adopt it in the institution of which I have the charge.
D. R. AUSTIN.
Professor Johnson has rendered the public an invaluable service in his "Scien- tific Class-Book." It is a treasure of useful knowledge, happily adapted not only to the wants of the student, but not less so to the general reader. There is so much intrinsic inerit in this volume, so much of what every youth of every grade in the country should, in some sense, be familiar with, that I am sure it needs only to be known to ensure it a wide circulation. Aside from its peculiar merit as a class-book for the higher schools, I would say to every young man in the United States, about to engage in the business of life, Let the Scientific Class-Book be your constant companion. E. H. BURRITT.
New Britain, Conn., Dec. 7, 1835.
From Rev. W. C. Fowler, A. M., C. A. S., Professor Middlebury College, Vermont.
The " Scientific Class-Book" is admirably adapted to the use of high schools and academics, as an introduction to the principles of physical science. It is neither a meagre sketch on the one hand, nor on the other is it overloaded with facts. The principles are distinctly announced, and the illustrations and proofs are inte- resting and satisfactory.
From Albert Hopkins, A. M., Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, Wil- liams College.
A work like the "Scientific Class-Book," edited by Professor Johnson, has been for some time called for by an increasing taste for science, and a higher standard of popular education. Such works ought to meet the popular demand, and to ele- vate still higher the standard of attainment. Both these objects, I think, are ade- quately secured in the present work. I cheerfully recommend it.
Williamstown, Mass., February 22, 1836.
From Aaron N. Skinner, Esq., A.M., Principal of a Select Classical School, New Haven, Connecticut.
After three months' use, I have no hesitation in saying, that I think the "Scien- tific Class-Book" the best work with which I am acquainted for popular and prac- tical instruction, when the object is to convey useful and interesting information without mathematical demonstrations. Its arrangement is good, and its plan ex- tensive, embracing almost all the topics of Physical Science. The great number of facts, experiments, and illustrations by drawings, &c., render it a highly attrac- tive book to the pupil. I cheerfully recommend it as the best and most complete work I have seen for what it is intended, viz. " A familiar Introduction to the Principles of Physical Science."
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Works Published by Edward C. Biddle.
From Augustus W. Smith, A. M., Professor of Natural Philosophy and Mathematics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.
An examination of the " Scientific Class-Book, Part I ," published by you, has left a very favourable impression. Of the excellencies of this work, there is one which establishes its claim to public favour, and will most certainly secure for it a speedy triumph over works of similar grade and pretensions. I allude to the in- troduction of many scientific facts and principles which have hitherto been buried in the voluminous and inaccessible records of learned societies, or are of too recent developement to have been earlier imbodied in any popular work. It appears to me to be one of the very few popular scientific works which are not dignified by their title, and one of the still smaller class which possess the merits of a public benefaction. AUGUSTUS W. SMITH.
March 17, 1835.
From Isaac Webb, Esq., A. M.
I fully concur in the opinion of the "Scientific Class-Book, Part I.," as ex- pressed by Professor Smith.
ISAAC WEBB.
Extract from a Report made to the Lyceum of Teachers, of Philadelphia.
Your Committee are of opinion that the book (Scientific Class-Book) in question is, in almost every respect, superior to the books now in use, on the subjects it embraces. They submit the following reasons as the ground of their preference :- 1. The different subjects are presented to the student in such a manner, that, without some effort on his part, he cannot understand them ; but with that effort, he is richly rewarded with an ample fund of valuable facts, arranged, explained, and classed in accordance with the recent improvements in physical science. 2. At the foot of each page the editor has introduced a few questions so judiciously, as to induce the important habit of attention and reflection, without which, to an- swer them would be impossible ; thus affording one of the best tests of the actual amount of acquirement which the student has made. 3. The work never seems to lose sight of the great importance of making all science subservient to the happi- ness of man. This, it appears to your Committee, it has done in a high degree, by showing to what a great extent the successful prosecution of the arts depends on science. 4. The editor appears to have spared no pains in the effort not only to render the work in a high degree instructive, but at the same time to introduce such interesting (because practical) illustrations, as to make it a very pleasant book for those for whom it was designed. In conclusion, your Committee have seldom seen a work, intended for youth, in which there is so little to regret and so much to approve, as that submitted as the subject of this report.
From N. Dodge, A. M., Member of the Examining Committee of the American Associ- ation for Supply of Teachers.
I have examined with as much care as my leisure would permit your " Scientific Class-Book, Part II.," and shall introduce it into my seminary as a text-book, for the subjects of science which it embraces. I am fully convinced, that the scientific course presented in these volumes, is decidedly superior in systematic form, as well as compass, to any extant in the English language. N. DODGE,
Principal of Harmony Hall Female Seminary.
From Colonel James M. Porter, President of Board of Trustees, Lafayette College, Easton, Northampton Co., Pennsylvania.
In this age, wherein utility is the true test of value of publications, " the Scientific Class-Book" must meet with public favour, because it so fully deserves it. I would recommend it for use in schools, as admirably adapted for the purpose of instructing youth in the principles of the physical sciences ; and master mechanics would advance their own interests and promote the knowledge of their appren - tices, and consequently the value of their services, by placing the work in their hands for perusal ; for " every mechanic art is the reduction to practice of scientific principles," and the better the principles are understood, the more perfect will be that reduction to practice. J. M. PORTER.
Easton, Pa., April 6, 1836.
From Mr. Cleanthes Felt, M. A.
I have carefully examined the second part of "the Scientific Class-Book," and it appears to me to deserve the patronage of those concerned in the education of youth. It is, indeed, in my opinion, the very book so long needed ; I, therefore, cheerfully recommend it to parents, guardians, and teachers throughout the United States.
From Charles Henry Atden, A. M., Teacher, Philadelphia.
MR. EDWARD C. BIDDLE,
The surest test of the excellence of a book,-its extensive adoption and use,-has been applied, and successfully, to the "Scientific Class-Book, Part I .; " and the
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Works Published by Edward C. Biddle.
success of "Part II.," which you have just published, is therefore not to be doubted. Given to the public under the supervision of the same accredited scholar as the former volume ; enriched by additional illustrations ; in many places emend- ed, and containing a valuable list of bibliographical notices, it can, with propriety, be commended to the use of schools and academies, as well as to private families, as a most valuable manual. The treatise on Chemistry, though necessarily very short, embraces a perfect outline of the science, and contains the most recent dis - coveries. The tracts on Metallurgy, Mineralogy, Chrystallography, Geology, Oryctology, and Meteorology, are nowhere more lucidly and attractively explained. This volume ought to accompany Part I., wherever that is adopted ; indeed, in my opinion, it is more deserving of public favour.
The style and execution of the "Scientific Class-Book, Part II.," as a produc- tion of your press, is highly creditable.
February 16, 1836.
From John M. Keagy, M. D., Professor elect of Dickinson College.
After an examination of the second volume of the "Scientific Class-Book," I feel a pleasure in stating that it fully sustains the character given of the previous part, as an excellent compend on the subjects of which it treats. The Chemistry and Metallurgy, the Geology, and History of Fossils, and the sketch of Meteor- ology, are particularly clear and comprehensive, to be comprised within the limits of a single duodecimo. JNO. M. KEAGY.
Philadelphia, February 15, 1836.
From Professor Beck, Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J.
"The Book of Science," by Mr. J. M. Moffat, which forms the basis of the pre- sent volume, (Scientific Class-Book,) has already become extensively and de- servedly popular in England. Professor Johnson, the American editor of these volumes, has greatly improved them by correcting many of the errors contained in the original works, and by the addition of many interesting notes, of a set of ques- tions for examination, lists of works for reference, &c. They are very properly styled " A Popular Introduction to the Principles of Physical Science." On each of the subjects treated of, there is an amount of information in these volumes which is seldom found in elementary treatises of this description; while this information is set forth in such a manner as peculiarly to engage the attention of the pupil. In their composition, the best authorities have been consulted, and "due acknowledgments have been made wherever they seemed to be required." These works are indeed what they purport to be-Scientific Class-Books ; and Pro- fessor Johnson deserves well of the friends of science for the labour which he has devoted to the preparing of them for the American public. If the friends of educa- tion are really in earnest in the business of improvement, these books will soon take the place of those incorrect and defective treatises on the various branches of physical science which most unfortunately are now so generally adopted.
Refuge, near Mechanicsburg, Pa., June 15, 1836.
Sir,-I have examined your "Scientific Class-Book," Parts I. and II. As the result of my examination, I am happy to state that in these books I found a work well adapted to, and much wanted in our schools. The editor, Professor Johnson, has evinced a sound judgment in the additions made ; and you, as publishers, have conferred a lasting favour upon the public in giving this judicious work circulation, and I trust it will be generally introduced in all our schools and families. I can recommend it as one of the best works extant, on the physical sciences. I shall cordially use my influence to give the work an extended introduction into schools, lyceums, and families.
J. D. RUPP, Agent for the Pa. Lyceum.
From C. H. Anthony, Esq., City Surveyor, (Troy, N. Y.,) and Lecturer on the Natural and Experimental Sciences.
As a teacher of the Natural and Experimental Sciences, I have often felt the need of some works in all respects adapted to the present state of science in this country. My beau ideal of such a work is fully realized in the "Scientific Class - Book," parts First and Second ; and I have lost no time in introducing them into my school. Part First is excellent ; but Part Second I consider as the best text- book in general science ever published in the English language.
From Sumuel Jones, A. M., of Philadelphia.
I have already given the First Part of the "Scientific Class-Book" my approval ; and now, after having tested the utility of the Second Part, I am fully prepared to endorse the favourable opinion expressed by others of its value.
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Works Published by Edward C. Biddle.
AN ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE,-On a Plan entirely new. By John Oswald, Author of the " Etymological Manual of English Language," and " Outlines of En- glish Grammar." Revised and Improved, and especially adapted to the purpose of teaching English Composition in Schools and Academies. By J. M. Keagy.
The Board of Controllers of the Public Schools of the First School District of Pennsylvania, at a meeting held March 8, 1842, authorized the introduction of Oswald's Etymological Dictionary into the Grammar Schools of the District.
MR. EDWARD C. BIDDLE,
Sir,-In republishing "Oswald's Etymological Dictionary," enriched as it is by the sensible and well written "Introduction" of Dr. Keagy, you have done a real service to the cause of sound education. It is the best work of the kind (designed for schools) that I have yet seen, and it must have an extensive circulation. For in every well regulated school taught by competent masters, etymology will form a prominent branch of study as long as there is an inseparable connexion between clearness of thought and a correct use of language.
Yours respectfully, C. D. CLEVELAND.
We fully concur in the above.
J. M'INTYRE,
SAMUEL CLENDENIN,
JAMES B. ESPY,
E. FOUSE,
JNO. SIMMONS,
THOMAS CONARD,
B. W. BLACKWOOD, E. H. HUBBARD,
THOMAS BALDWIN,
E. NEVILLE,
U. KITCHEN,
F. M. LUBBREN,
DANIEL MAGINIS,
WM. A. GARRIGUES,
JOHN EVANS,
WILLIAM MARRIOTT,
JOSEPH P. ENGLES,
RIAL LAKE,
J. W. ROBERTS,
THOS. T. ASPELL,
BARTRAM KAIGN,
A. MITCHELL,
JNO. D. GRISCOM,
CHARLES MEAD,
RICHARD O. R. LOVETT,
WM. MANN,
AUGUSTINE LUDINGTON,
WILLIAM M'NAIR,
WM. B. ROSE,
JOHN STEEL,
NICHOLAS DONNELLY,
BENJAMIN MAYO,
C. R. FROST,
JOHN HASLAM,
WILLIAM ALEXANDER, A. M.
CHAS. HENRY ALDEN,
M. SOULE,
THOMAS EUSTACE,
J. KAPP,
W. CURRAN,
JOHN STOCKDALE,
BENJAMIN TUCKER,
M. L. HURLBUT,
T. G. POTTS,
CHARLES ATHERTON,
THOMAS H. WILSON,
HENRY LONGSTRETH, A. M.
THOMAS M'ADAM.
From Mr. William Russell, A. M., author of an Abridgment of Adams' Latin Grammar, Teacher, &c.
REV. SAML. W. CRAWFORD, A. M., Principal of the Acadl. Dept. of the University of Pennsylvania.
Oswald's "Etymological Dictionary," revised by Dr. Keagy, is a work which will be found invaluable in all schools in which attention is paid to the systematic study of the English language. The plan and arrangement of this manual are such as to bring under a single glance the etymology of all cognate terms, in addition to that of the particular word which happens to occur in any instance ; and the ex- tent to which this classification is carried, enables the student to command a sur- vey, as it were, of the capabilities of our language, in the expression of whole classes of ideas. Oswald's Etymological Dictionary possesses, in this respect, an advantage over other works of its class ; as most of these are restricted to a mere alphabetic arrangement of words, in consequence of which it becomes exceed- ingly difficult to obtain a complete view of any series of derivations ..
I am happy to have the opportunity of introducing the Dictionary in my school, as I shall find it a useful substitute for oral instruction, in parsing lessons, both in Latin and English ; having been accustomed to require a statenient of the deriva- tion or composition of every word in such lessons before that of its inflection or other variations. The use of this work will not, therefore, cause me any extra arrangement of classes, while it will be of equal assistance to my pupils and my- self. Other teachers may find it convenient to introduce the book in the same or a similar way. The merits of the work itself, however, are such as to render it con- ducive, in the highest degree, to all purposes of instruction connected with lan- guage ; and I have no doubt that it will be adopted in all schools in which an ac-
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HENRY BILL,
Works Published by Edward C. Biddle.
curate knowledge of etymology is deemed important. Dr. Keagy's preliminary essay on the forms of thought as giving origin to those of expression, will greatly enhance the value of the work to all teachers who place any reliance on the phi- losophy of instruction. WM. RUSSELL,
No. 92, South 8th street, Philadelphia.
From Prof. Wines, late of the Central High School, Philadelphia.
From a somewhat critical examination of Oswald's Etymological Dic- tionary, and a somewhat extended observation of its results in various classes in which it has been used, I am prepared to express my warm ap- probation of the work, and to recommend its general adoption into our schools. It is one of the most intellectual class books I have ever met with. The spirit in which it is conceived is altogether opposed to that me- chanical system of teaching, which so dwarfs and benumbs the intellectual powers, and which has heretofore been the bane and the disgrace of so many of our educational establishments. When thoroughly studied under the direction of a judicious teacher, it cannot fail of producing very marked and very valuable results. The Introduction, by the lamented Dr. Keagy, is an admirably conceived and admirably executed paper.
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