USA > Pennsylvania > Washington County > Washington's part in the World War > Part 2
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SIBERT, MAHLON M .- Son of Mr. and Mrs. John Sibert, 18 Brown Ave. Born July 17, 1891. Was inducted into service, September 28, 1918. Was sent to Camp Lee, and at- tached to the Quartermaster Corps. He was commissioned 2nd Lieutenant, and honorably discharged from the service of the United States, May 6, 1919.
SMITH, JAMES M .- Son of Robert V. and Emma C. Smith, 18 Thayer St. Enlisted with Company M, 59th Infantry, 4th Division, and was assigned to Camp Hancock. He was ap- pointed 2nd Lieutenant, and went overseas with Company H, in May, 1918.
FLYNN, CHARLES MOR- FORD-Son of J. and Mary Flynn, 21 Laurel Ave. Born July 19, 1890. Enlisted August 27, 1917. Was sent to Fort Ben- jamin Harrison. Was attached to Company K, 139th Infantry, 35th Division, and was commis- sioned 2nd Lieutenant. He sailed overseas Apr. 24, '18. Promoted to Ist Lieut. Recom- mended for a D. S. C. Returned to U. S. Apr. 24, '19; honorably discharged from service I month later.
CHALFANT, HARRY-Son of Mr. and Mrs. Sansone Chal- fant. Enlisted in the Air Ser- vice, in December, 1917. He was sent to Kelly Field. Trans- ferred to Waco. Was commis- sioned Lieutenant.
WARD, HOWARD FRANK, JR .- Son of Mr. and Mrs. H. Frank Ward, 438 Beau St. Born June 19, 1896. Enlisted January 23, 1918, and trained at Cornell University. He was transferred to Camp Dick, Love Field, and Rich Field. Commissioned as 2nd Lieutenant in the Air Ser- vice, and honorably discharged from service March II, 1919.
JUDSON, JOHN CHARLES -Son of Mr. and Mrs. Carter Judson, 115 North Ave. Born January 14, 1889. Enlisted July 31, 1918, in the Engineers Corps, and was sent to Camp Hum- phreys. He was commissioned 2nd Lieutenant, and was honor- ably discharged from service, December 11, 1918.
GOODRIDGE, RAYMOND E .- Son of Mrs. Jennie Good- ridge, 357 Burton Ave. Born October 27, 1891. Enlisted Janu- ary 20, 1915, with Company H, IIoth Infantry, 28th Division. He was made Sergeant, then 2nd Lieutenant. Sailed for France, May 4, 1918. Was gassed. Pro- moted to Ist Lieutenant. Re- turned to the United States, June 13, 1919, and was honorably discharged from service June 21, I919.
KERNOTT, ROBERT N .- Son of K. M. Kernott, 422 E. Maiden St. Enlisted in the United States Service and was sent to Plattsburg. He was commissioned 2nd Lieutenant. Transferred to Camp Taylor, and was honorably discharged from service January 1, 1919.
TAYLOR, WOODWARD M. -- Son of Mrs. J. F. Taylor. En- listed with the Supply Company of the IIoth Infantry, 28th Di- vision, in August, 1917. He was made Sergeant. Promoted to 2nd Lieutenant. Sailed for France, May 3, 1918. Was in the Fifth German Offensive, and a number of other battles with the 28th Division. Was appointed Ist Lieut. Returned to U. S., May 12, '19; honorably dis- charged from service 10 days later.
KERNOTT, RALPH L .- Son of K. M. Kernott, 422 E. Maiden St. Born January, 1894. Enlist- ed in the Navy. He was on a Sub Chaser. Was commissioned Ensign. Went to sea, in April, 1917.
MILLER, FRANK HUBER, 86 W. Beau St .- Born May 29, 1892. Went into service April 8, 1918. Was sent to a Radio Ex- perimental Camp, and was at- tached to Company B, 22Ist Field Signal Battalion, 7th Army Corps. He was commissioned 2nd Lieutenant, and was honor- ably discharged from service, February 5, 1919.
McCAMIC, JAY THOMAS -Born July 1, 1894. Was in- ducted into service September I, 1917, and was sent to Camp Sherman. He was assigned to the 335th Infantry, 84th Divi- sion. Sailed overseas in Septem- ber, 1918. Was commissioned 2nd Lieutenant.
WALLACE, FRANK H .- Son of Mrs. J. H. Wallace, 829 Jefferson Ave. Born November 20, 1890. Enlisted August 21, '17, in the R. O. T. C. at Chicka- mauga Park. Was commissioned Lieut. Attached to Mach. Gun Co., 54th Inf., 6th Div. Sailed overseas July 6, '18. Returned to the U. S. June 10, '19; honor- ably discharged from service I week later.
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IN THE WORLD WAR
WASHINGTON'S PART
Council of Medical Defense of Washington County, Pennsylvania
I N the spring of 1917 the writer was asked to assume the chairmanship of the Washington County, Penn- sylvania, division of the Council of Medical Defense, and county directorship of sanitation, with the privilege of selecting his own committee.
This offer was accepted, and the following committee was selected :
Dr. J. N. Sprowls, of Claysville, Pa. Dr. J. B. McMurray, of Washington, Pa. Dr. C. F. Linn, of Monongahela, Pa. Dr. Jos. Hunter, of Charleroi, Pa. Dr. Jas. E. Wilson, of Canonsburg, Pa.
This committee was soon diminished to five nembers by the departure of Dr. Linh with the 10th Pennsylvania Regiment.
Very soon a campaign was inaugurated for volunteers to the Medical Reserve Corps, and Majors Codman and · Jump, Captain McLean, and Lieutenant Gans, of Phila- delphia, came to Washington, met the physicians of the county, and presented the cause.
At that time several physicians signified their intention of entering the service. At this time to the best of my recollection two men were in the service, Dr. C. F. Linn of Monongahela and Edwin Linton of Washington, who enlisted with the Hospital Unit sent out by the Johns Hopkins Hospital, of Baltimore.
In May, 1917, Dr. H. P. Prowitt of Washington enlisted 2 and left Washington for Fort Oglethorpe.
Later in the same summer Dr. R. A. Stewart of Washington enlisted and was ordered to the X-ray school in Pittsburgh.
In the spring of 1918 another campaign was started for physicians. Major Reed of Cincinnati came to Washing- ton and presented the matter to the profession, and a few
weeks later a general meeting was called by the com- mittee at which time Dr. W. F. Donaldson of Pittsburgh, president of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, made an address, also Mr. R. G. Miller of Washington. The committee then took up a systematic canvass of the county and many physicians were enlisted.
The result of this canvass will be seen by consulting the Roll of Honor of this Society which had the highest percentage of medical men in the Army and Navy of any county in the state of Pennsylvania.
In the spring of 1918 the Volunteer Medical Corps was organized, and in this branch of the service Washington County was also well represented. To this organization only those practitioners who were past 55 years of age, or those who had been rejected by the Medical Reserve .Corps on account of physical disability, were eligible.
This corps gave good service during the fall of 1918 in fighting the epidemic of Spanish influenza which scourged this country.
To the best of our knowledge but one man from our profession and county has lost his life in the service, Dr. Edwin Linton, son of Prof. Edwin S. Linton, of Washing- ton and Jefferson College. Shortly after reaching France Dr. Linton developed scarlet fever, from which disease he died.
Sixty-seven members of the profession went out from Washington County at the call of their country, and twenty-three others were members of the Volunteer Medical Corps.
March 20, 1919, by order of Council of National Defense the committee was discharged, with the thanks of the Council.
A. E. THOMPSON,
Chairman.
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WASHINGTON'S PART IN THE WORLD
WAR
BRENNAN. JAMES-Born June 28, 1880. Enlisted June 10, 1917. Was sent to Fort Ogle- thorpe, and assigned to the 304th Ambulance Company, 79th Sanitary Train. He was com- missioned Ist Lieutenant. Sailed for France July 10, 1918. Was cited for efficient duty. Re- turned to U. S. June I, '19, dis- charged 10 days later as Captain.
CHRISTMAN, HERBERT PERCY, M.D., 40 McKennan Ave. Born in 1860. Enlisted in the Medical Corps, September 20. 1918. He was sent to Camp Emery. Was commissioned Captain, and was honorably dis- charged from service December 15, 1918.
DUNKLE, G. B., M.D .- En- listed September 10, 1918, and was sent to Camp Sevier. He was placed with the Base Hos- pital there. Was commissioned Captain, and was honorably dis- charged from service January 25, 1919.
KNOX, JOHN, M.D., 25 W. Beau St. Born April 16, 1878. Enlisted in the Medical Corps July 20, 1918, and was commis- sioned Captain. He was as- signed to Camp Lec, and was honorably discharged from the " service of the United States, De- cember II, 1919.
LEWIS, ORVILLE GAR- RETT, M.D., 804 Jefferson Avenue. Born October 7, 1877. Enlisted July 25, 1918, and was given the rank of Captain in the Medical Corps. He was as- signed to Camp Greenleaf, Fort Oglethorpe, Rockefeller Insti- tute, and Camp Meade Base Hos- pital. Capt. Lewis did nothing but surgical work, was honorably discharged from service Apr. II, '19.
MCCULLOUGH, CLAR- ENCE, M.D., 215 S. Main St. Born in 1891. Enlisted in June, 1918, in the Medical Corps, and was sent to Fort Oglethorpe. He was commissioned Captain. Sailed overseas.
McKENNAN, JAMES W., M.D., 218 S. Main St. Enlisted in the Medical Corps, October 5, 1918. He was Senior Officer in charge of Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Department at Base Hos- pital, Fort Bliss. Was given the rank of Captain, and honorably discharged from service, Febru- ary 10, 1919.
McMURRAY, JOHN B.,
M.D., 214 N. Ave. Enlisted in the Medical Corps, June 20, 1918, and was called into active ser- vice August 4, 1918. He was sent to Camp Greenleaf, then Camp Crane. Was commission- ed Captain, and was honorably discharged from the service of the United States, May 31, 1919.
PATTERSON, GUY E.,
M.D .- Son of Dr. J. A. Patter- son, 205 N. Main St. Born July 19, 1876. Enlisted July 26, 1918, in the Medical Corps, and was sent to Camp Greenleaf. He sailed for France, September 26, 1918. Was commissioned Cap- tain. Returned to the United States, May 23, 1919, and was honorably discharged from ser- vice on the 26th of that month.
PROWITT, HOMER P., M.D., 120 N. College Street. Enlisted in the Medical Corps, May 19, 1917. Was sent to Camp, and attached to Base Hospital No. 84. He was commissioned Ist Lieutenant, then Captain. Sailed for France, August 25, 1918. Returned to the United States, May 6, 1919, and was honorably discharged from ser- vice, on the Ioth of that month.
REED, COLIN M., M.D., E. Maiden St. Enlisted in the Medical Corps, June 5, 1917, and was given the commission of Ist Lieutenant. He was attached to Base Hospital No. 31. Sailed overseas December 14, 1917. Was attached to the French Army. Was in service at all the large battles, including Marne, Verdun, Argonne, and many others. Returned to U. S., April 20, '19, and honorably discharged from service later that month with rank of Captain.
ROGERS, WALTER BLACK, M.D., son of William and Cora Rogers, 144 S. College St. Born August 25. 1883. En- listed March 13, 1916, with the Medical Reserve Corps. He was commissioned Captain. Sailed for France, May 25, 1917. Was attached to Hospital No. 5. Was promoted to Major, November 14, 1918. Returned to the Unit- ed States, April 8, 1919, and was honorably discharged from ser- vice ten days later.
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15
IN THE WORLD WAR
WASHINGTON'S PART
RINEHARDT, STACY HERMAN, M.D., 743 Jefferson Ave. Born February 17, 1885. Enlisted December 12, 1917, in the Medical Reserve. Was sent to Fort Oglethorpe and attached to the 319th, 320th Field Hospi- tal, 305th Sanitary Train, 80th Division. He sailed overseas May 26, 1917, was commissioned Ist Lieut., then Capt. Returned to U. S. May 31, '19, and honor- ably discharged from service June 5.
SARGEANT, LAURIE DODD, M.D., 400 E. Maiden St. Went into service, July 10, 1918, and was commissioned Captain. He was attached to the Medical Corps. Was assigned to Camp Dix, then Camp Upton, and was honorably discharged from the service of the United States, May 13, 1919.
STEWART, RICHARD AUSTIN, M.D., 26 E. Maiden St. Enlisted in June, 1917, in the X-Ray Department of the Medical Corps. Commissioned Ist Lieutenant. Was stationed in Pittsburgh, then New York, and sailed overseas in March, 1918. He was attached to the American Red Cross Hospital No. I. Pro- moted to Captain. Returned to the United States in March, 1919.
THOMPSON, ALBERT E., M.D., Morgan Ave. Enlisted June 24, 1918, and was given the rank of Captain. He was sent to the Base Hospital at Camp Lee. Was transferred to 127th Base Hospital at Camp Crane, and was honorably discharged from the service of the United States, December 8, 1918.
ANDERSON, WALTER THOMAS, M.D .- Son of Mr. and Mrs. A. T. Anderson, 47 N. Ave. Born Nov. 16, '91. Was commissioned with the Medical Corps, Nov. 30, '17, and sent to Camp Greenleaf. Appointed Commanding Officer with tempo- rary rank of Capt., of Co. 23, A, 6th Bat., Medical Officers' Train- ing Camp, Sept. I, '18.
BEVERIDGE, DAVID, M.D., 698 Allison Ave. Born February 12, 1880. Enlisted in the Medical Corps of the 79th Division. Was sent to Camp Hancock, and was commissioned Ist Lieutenant. He sailed overseas November 15, 1918. Was attached to 314th Field Hospital. Returned to the United States, May 30, 1919, and was honorably discharged June 2, 1919.
CORWIN, JAMES HOWELL, 317 W. Chestnut St. Born September 17, 1878. En- listed with the Medical Corps and given a commission as Ist Lieutenant. Ist Lieutenant Cor- win was stationed at Embarka- tion Camp, Newport News.
EDWARDS, DAVID HEN- RY, M.D., 61 McKennan Ave. Enlisted in the Medical Corps September 17, 1918. He was as- signed to Camp Greenleaf. At Camp Green was Commissioned Ist Lieutenant, and was honor- ably discharged from the service of the United States, December 28, 1918.
KNOX, ROBERT ARTHUR -Son of James Irwin and Sarah Jane Knox, 263 Jefferson Ave. Born April 5, 1888. Enlisted February 2, 1918, with the Medi- cal Corps. He was sent to Camp Stuart. Appointed First Lieu- tenant, and was honorably dis- charged from the service of the United States, April 4, 1919.
LANE, CLIFFORD M., M.D. -Son of Mr. and Mrs. W. E. Lane, 113 Donnan Ave. Born April 6, 1891. Enlisted in May, 1917, in the Johns Hopkins Unit. He was commissioned Ist Lieu- tenant. Sailed overseas June 8, 1918. Was stationed at St.
Nazaire.
McCARTNEY, JAMES SHEARER, JR .- Son of Jarres S. McCartney, 237 E. Beau St. Born July 21, 1893. Enlisted in Medical Reserve Corps in Sept .. '17. Sent to Fort Oglethorpe. Camp Joseph Jackson, and later to Camp Hill. Commissioned Ist Lieut. May 17, '18. Sailed over- seas in Aug., '18.
PARRY, ROGER S., M.D., 262 Jefferson Ave. Enlisted June 20, 1918, in the Medical Corps, and was assigned to Camp Lee. He was placed with the 3rd De- velopment Battalion. Was com- missioned Ist Lieutenant, and honorably discharged from the service of the United States. April 5, 1919.
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WASHINGTON'S PART
IN THE WORLD WAR
RUBEN, SAMUEL A., M.D. -Son of Morris Ruben, No. 9 N. Ave. Born March 20, 1885. En- listed October 10, 1918, in the Medical Corps, and was sent to Camp Greenleaf. He was com- missioned Ist Lieutenant, and was honorably discharged from service, December 20, 1918.
MANNON, HERVE CLIN- TON, JR .- Son of Mr. and Mrs. C. M. Mannon, II Donnan Ave. Born January 6, 1891. Enlisted August 15, 1917. Was attached to the Ist Gas Regiment, Dental Reserve, and was commissioned Captain. He sailed for France, December 26, 1917. Returned to the United States, May 27, 1919, and was honorably discharged from service May 29, 1919.
PIPES, CHARLES BEN- TON, 107 S. Main St .- Born April 1, 1889. Enlisted Septem- ber 30, 1918, and was sent to Camp Eustis. He was attached to the Base Hospital of the Coast Artillery Corps, Dental Department. Was commissioned Ist Lieutenant, and was honor- ably discharged from service, June 2, 1919.
GOOD, ROBERT, JR., Ayles- worth Ave. Born in 1866. En- listed in October, 1918, as a Y. M. C. A. Song Leader. He trained for one week at Colum- bia University. He was appoint- ed Captain. Sailed for France November 17, 1918. Captain Good returned to the United States, May 17, 1919, and was honorably discharged the next day.
BOSWELL, DAVID-Son of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Boswell, 275 Broad St. Born October 16, 1887. Enlisted October 1, 1918, in Y. M. C. A. work. He was stationed at Newport News, and was honorably discharged from service, December 23, 1918.
BAUM, MRS. JANE BEST, 288 E. Wheeling St. Became · a member of the American Com- mittee for Devastated France, in April, 1918, and sailed overseas in May. She went directly to the villages along the Aisne River. Then, for about six weeks was in Hospitals, caring for wounded soldiers. Mrs. Baum returned to the United States December 15, 1918, after spending about eight months in France.
CRUMM, LILLIAN MARY -Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. D. S. Crumm, 164 Fayette St. Born January 29, 1894. Enlisted as a Red Cross Nurse, March 12, 1918. She was sent to Camp Upton, and was honorably dis- charged from the service of the United States, in April, 1919.
JACQMAIN, RITA-Daugh- ter of Mrs. Octave Jacqmain, 1094 Allison Ave. Born July 4, 1893. Enlisted June 1, 1918, and reported to Camp Hancock for duty. She sailed overseas No- vember 14, 1918. Was assigned to duty at Brest Hospital No. 105.
MURPHY, ANNE R .- Daughter of Mrs. Mary Murphy, 230 W. Wheeling St. Born March 28, 1892. Enlisted March 2, 1918, as a Red Cross Nurse. She was assigned to Camp Ver- mont, Litterman Post, and was afterward stationed at Camp Merritt.
McGUFFIE, ANNA JEAN --- Daughter of Mrs. J. L. Long, 372 Addison St. Born Novem- ber 16, 1897. Enlisted October 22, 1918, as an Army Nurse. She was sent to Camp Merritt, N. Y. Embarkation Hospital No. 4.
QUINN, MARGARET R .- Daughter of Mrs. Mary H. Quinn. Enlisted as an Army Nurse August 25, 1918. She was put in charge of the Officers' ward, in the Base Hospital at Oteen, North Carolina.
SCHAEFFER, LAURA CELCIA-Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Harry Schaeffer, 31 Ruple Ave. Born September 29, 1893. Enlisted as an Army Nurse September 20, 1918, and was sent to Camp Travis. . She was later transferred to Embarkation Hospital No. 4.
17
IN THE WORLD WAR
WASHINGTON'S PART
America's Position in World Politics
T HE recent achievements of American soldiers, in- less considered neutral. The Hessian troops marched cluding those whose names and faces appear in this volume, have produced a very noticeable change in the mental attitude of Americans toward questions of world-wide importance ..
The international politics of European nations and their resulting controversies had seldom awakened a very deep and never a very abiding interest among the American people. Even our own foreign policies had not roused an interest equal to that taken in such questions as the tariff or, in its day, in the free coinage of silver, which, of course, are questions which we settle for ourselves and without negotiations with foreign powers.
This popular indifference to foreign questions has dis- appeared. Two million men have crossed the Atlantic under arms, and 2,000,000 more have been preparing to go, to aid in the settlement of questions arising out of our relations with a foreign country. Perhaps it would be truer to say that the questions that involved us in the war were originally questions which arose between foreign countries and with which at the outset we were not concerned.
In the homes of 4,000,000 men indifference to questions of foreign politics has become impossible. Our foreign relations will hereafter be discussed universally among the people, and every man will have his own opinions about them, as in times past every man had his own con- victions and a certain degree of familiarity with the con- ventional arguments upon the tariff question.
It is not true, however, that America has only recently entered upon world politics or that we have until lately been without influence in foreign affairs. America has played a greater part in the world than even our own people ordinarily know.
We have even played a large part in the development of the laws of nations. The governments of the world, including the great powers of Europe, have willingly or unwillingly followed our lead in many things and we have generally led in the direction that makes for real progress toward higher standards in international affairs.
In the development of the law of neutrality few nations have had more influence than the United States, and this is true whether we speak of our attitude in demanding the rights of a neutral or in recognizing and assuming the duties of a neutral toward nations at war. A hundred and fifty years ago neutrality was hardly even a name. Powers that were at war did not willingly permit other nations to do anything that would interfere with the operations of the belligerents. Neutrals had few rights. On the other hand it is also true that the neutral had few duties. In the war of American independence George III rented Hessian soldiers from little states, and the little German principalities that furnished them were neverthe-
across the territory of Prussia to the ports from which they embarked for America, and the law of neutrality did not require Prussia to interfere with them. It is said that Frederick the Great expressed his contempt for the whole procedure by imposing upon every Hessian soldier in transit across Prussia the cattle tax at the rate per head which he imposed upon live stock driven across Prussia to be sent from the same ports in foreign trade.
The first full recognition of the obligation of a neutral to prevent upon its own territory acts by one belligerent which would be injurious to the other was in President Washington's proclamation of neutrality in 1793. Ed- mond Genet, the French minister to the United States, was fitting out privateers in this country to prey on British commerce and recruiting troops here to serve with the French armies. Public opinion justified what the French minister was doing but Washington issued his Neutrality Proclamation and took measures to prevent the arming and equipping of vessels and the recruiting of soldiers for use against Great Britain. He made so strenuous an appeal to the French government that Genet was recalled, and French consuls who had undertaken in American cities to set up French prize courts to pass upon captured British vessels were removed.
The position taken by President Washington influenced Congress, which in 1794 passed an act forbidding Ameri- cans to enlist in the forces of a foreign power and pro- hibiting other acts in violation of the neutrality of the United States.
Later other governments recognized and assumed the duties of neutrality set forth in Washington's Proclama- tion and it became manifest that the moral influence of the United States, a newborn nation, had grown powerful and effective.
For more than twenty years the war in Europe con- tinued and the United States twice became involved in the struggle. . In 1798 it was a naval warfare against France, growing out of French interference with Ameri- can shipping. In 1812 it was war both on land and sea against Great Britain, a war which, like the naval war of 1798, grew out of the greater conflict in Europe. During this time a body of precedents grew up in American practice and a few years after the restoration of peace the American doctrine of neutral obligations was codified and enacted into law by what is still known as the Neutrality Act of 1818.
The conduct of the United States in this period from 1793 to 1818 proved to be the leading if not the determin- ing influence in the development of the law of neutrality which was recognized and accepted by the principal na- tions of the world. In 1819 Great Britain passed her Foreign Enlistment Act, which British statesmen de-
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WASHINGTON'S PART IN THE WORLD WAR
clared was based upon the American Act of 1818. With some changes it remained the British law until after the Civil War in the United States and the development of the controversy over the so-called Alabama Claims, when it was amended and strengthened by the Act of 1870 in order that Great Britain might have upon her own statute books laws that would enable her to meet the increasing obligations of a neutral under the conditions of modern warfare.
Another example of the influence of the United States in the development of international law is found in the codification of the customs and usages in land warfare. The atrocities and barbarities of the wars of the Middle Ages had been discountenanced by military orders under the increasing influence of humane feelings. Wounded enemies and prisoners were no longer slaughtered. The civilian population of the enemy country was not mas- sacred as in earlier times and their property was not subject to indiscriminate looting. Many customs and usages had arisen to diminish the ferocity of earlier wars. The first attempt, however, to reduce these customs to a definite code of rules was made by Francis Lieber in 1863. The code which he prepared for the Union armies during the Civil War was published as a military order governing the conduct of troops in the field, and became the military law of the United States. As in the case of the Neutrality Proclamation of President Washington and the Neu- trality Act of 1818, European nations followed the ex- ample of the United States. While they did not adopt precisely the same code, the military manuals, issued by European governments soon after the Lieber code had been published here, gave very definite evidence of its influence. They were based upon the same customs and usages of war, and that which had rested upon no firmer foundation than changing practice was now made more stable and practically uniform. In the two Hague Con- ferences of 1899 and 1907 the treaties which adopted rules
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