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Pribilof Islands, Alaska
A Historical Account Told Through Illustrated Genealogy and Census Records
Genealogy and Census
NOAA
Betty A. Lindsay - John A, Lindsay
1
PRIBILOF ISLANDS, ALASKA
A Historical Account Told Through Illustrated Genealogy and Census Records
GENEALOGY AND CENSUS
Betty A. Lindsay and John A. Lindsay
DEDICATION
For All People Who Came, Went, Stayed Upon the Seal Islands Alaska
AND
Especially to the Unaagin for their contributions and sacrifices towards sustaining the nation's fur-seal industry and the preservation of the northern fur seal
Cover Illustrations, L-R and (page location herein and contributing source):
(top) Auxenia Stepetin (p. 461; Edward Lester Jones, 1915, Report of Alaska Investigations in 1914); Sarah (Lekanof) Merculief (p. 25; National Marine Mammal Laboratory Library, Edward C. Johnston Collection); Anton Melovidov, native chief (p. 233; American Museum of Natural History, Harry D. Chichester Collection)
(center) Demetri Lestenkof (p. 22; National Marine Mammal Laboratory Library, Edward C. Johnston Collection); Aleut mother and children 1890 (p. 201; National Anthropological Archives, Joseph Stanley Brown Collection); Christopher Malavansky (p. 23; National Marine Mammal Laboratory Library, Edward C. Johnston Collection)
(bottom) Paukoff, Porfaria (p. 210; National Anthropological Archives, Arctic Aleut Collection); Isaiah Merculief (p. 26; National Marine Mammal Laboratory Library, Edward C. Johnston Collection); St. Paul woman 1895 (p. 280; University of St. Andrews Library, Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson Collection)
PRIBILOF ISLANDS, ALASKA
A HISTORICAL ACCOUNT TOLD THROUGH
ILLUSTRATED GENEALOGY AND CENSUS RECORDS
GENEALOGY AND CENSUS
(Limited Edition)
by Betty A. Lindsay and John A. Lindsay
NOAA Ocean Service Office of Response and Restoration, Seattle, WA
NT
DEPART
MMERCE
*
*
UNITED
ED STATES OF AMER
March 2009 NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS ORR 18
Gary Locke Secretary, U.S. Department of Commerce
Dr. Jane Lubchenco Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator
John H. Dunnigan Oceans Services and Coastal Zone Management NOAA Ocean Service
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
Limited Edition:
9
of 100
AND
ERIC AD
ADMINI
NOAR
ERCE
DEPARTA
RTMENT
This entire publication may be cited as follows: Lindsay, Betty A. and John A. Lindsay. Pribilof Islands, Alaska: Genealogy and Census U.S. Dept. of Com., NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS ORR 18.
In partial fulfillment of the Memorandum of Agreement Among the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Alaska State Historic Preservation Officer Regarding National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Actions Pursuant to its withdrawal from the Civil Administration of St. Paul Island, Alaska Including the Seal Islands Historic District National Historic Landmark, and Executive Order 13287 and NOAA's Preserve America Initiative.
ISBN 978-1-60319-002-2
ALTHOUGH RELEASED BY NOAA, THE INFORMATION IN THIS DOCUMENT DOES NOT REFLECT, REPRESENT, OR FORM ANY PART OF THE SUPPORT OF THE POLICIES OF NOAA OR THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. FURTHER, RELEASE BY NOAA DOES NOT IMPLY THAT NOAA OR THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AGREE WITH THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN.
Library of Congress
2010 443945
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Outline of Census Years 1
Standardization of Pribilof Islands' Natives' Names. 3
Aleut Courtship and Marriage, by George Wardman, 1879 6
St. George Island Census and Genealogy Summary:
An Overview of St. George Island Inhabitants, 1870-1913 9
Genealogy of St. George Island During the 1920s 13
Edward Clyde Johnston, St. George Island Portraits 1922 17
St. Paul Island Census and Genealogy Summary:
Health Epidemics at St. Paul Island 1882, 1890 and 1900 33
Genealogy of St. Paul Island During the 1920s. 51
Native Aleut Vital Data, St. Paul Island, Alaska, 1920-1929 52
Census Schedules, St. Paul Island and St. George Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska 61 Transliterator's Notes for the 1868 St. Paul Island Census 62
Transcription Guide for the 1870-1928 Censuses
78
St. George Island
1871 85
1877
117
1878 123
1879 129
141 1881
147 1882
153
1884
159
1885
165
1886
171
1887
177
1888
185
1890
197
1891
213
1892
219
1893
235
1895
265
1897
283 1898
289
1899
295
1900
303
1902
315
1904
321
1880
135
1883
191 1889
249 1894
i
329
1905
349
1907
365 1908
443 1914
487
1917
1922 St. George Island, Vital Statistics: Birth, Marriage, Death 553
St. Paul Island
1868
61
1870
81
1873
87
97 1874
107 1875
1887
183
1890
203
1892
225
1893
239
1894
255
1895
271
1900
307
1902
319
1904
325
1905
335
1906
337
1907
353
1908
369 1909
391
1911
405
1912
419
1913
429
1914
445
1915
463
1916
471
1917
493
1918
503
1919
513
1920
527
1921
543
1922
561
1923
579
1924
589
1925
599
1926
609
1927
619
629
Photo Album of 1930-1950 Era
639
1928
379 1910
References 653
ii
Key to Abbreviations
AMNH HDC Coll. American Museum of Natural History, New York City, Harry D. Chichester
Collection.
BCF Bureau of Commercial Fisheries.
ca. circa (about).
GDH G Dallas Hanna. No period after G, the G was his first name which confused many people over the years.
GPO Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
NAA National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
NARA National Archives and Records Administration.
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pribilof Islands Project Office, Seattle, WA.
NMML National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Library (Fur Seal Archives) NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115-0070.
RG Record Group. A record group, the basic unit of archival control, is a body of organi- zationally related records designated by a number and the name of a federal agency, bureau, or activity that created or received them.
RG22 National Archives and Records Administration. Record Group 22, Records of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
SIA
Smithsonian Institution Archives, Washington, DC.
SIRS
Smithsonian Institution Reproduction Services, Washington, DC.
UAF University of Alaska Fairbanks, Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, Alaska and Polar Re- gions Collections.
USFB U.S. Bureau of Fisheries
USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
UW University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections, Seattle, WA.
VBS Victor Bernard Scheffer phototograph.
iii
St. Paul Island, Alaska
Northeast Point
Sealion Neck
M
Lake Dune
Cross Hill
North Point
Lincoln Bight
Big Lake
North Hill
Polovina Hill
Little Polovina
Rush Hit
Like Hill
Einahnuhto Bluffs
Polovina Cliff
Southy
Antone Lake
Telegraph Ant
Bay
English Bay Jupedez
Lukanin Bay
Stony Point
Zapadni Point
Tolstoi Point
Salt
Lagoon
Lukanin Point
City of St. Paul
Kitovi Point
0 05 1
2
3
4
Zolotoi Bay
Miles
Reef Point
St. George Island, Alaska
Dalnoi Point
City of St. George
Suskaralogh Point
Staraya Artel Rookery
East Reef
Firet Bluff
Scal Lake
Upper Lie
Gulf Hill
Govori shkka
North Sealion Hill
Atka Lake
Zapadnia Road
Ulakala Hill
South Seallon Hill
alion Point
St. George Harbor
Sea
ng
Cascade Point
0
0.5
1
2
3
4
W
E
Miles
S
Point
Lake
Push Point
Airport
Zapadnie 6
Red Scoria Pit
Garden Cove
East Cliff
Tolstoj
Bear Lake
Bering Se
Polovina Point
Airport
west Point Southwest
Village Cove
Umapangula Lake
N
iv
LIST OF PHOTOS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Mail Drop, August 1961, St. George Island
Courtesy of Ann Baltzo-slide 22 5
2. St. George Island 1920. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Photograph Collection, ca. 1907
to ca. 1921. NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage), RG22 USBF 2.38. 13
3. Art work in walrus ivory and seal teeth; crochet hook made by Isidor Nederazof in the 1920s
Photographer Victor Bernard Scheffer, National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Seattle, WA. NMML-No.53-VBS-2514. 15
4. Reverend Peter Petrovich Kashevarov (1857-1930), December 1922
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1964 17
5. Agnes (Stepetin) Lekanof
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1965. ....... 18
6. Alexandra Lekanof
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1959 18
7. Ermogen Lekanof
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1975 19
8. Laurence Lekanof
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1958 19
9. George Lekanof
20
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1974
........
10. Sophia (Merculief) Lekanof, daughter Lucy Lekanof
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1982
20
11. Stefan (Stephen) Lekanof
21
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1976
12. Pelagia (Stepetin) Lekanof
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1973 21
13. Demetri Lestenkof
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1981
22
14. Constantine Lestenkof
22
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1962
15. Christopher Malavansky
23
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1967
16. Elizabeth Lestenkof
23
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1961
17. George Merculief, Jr.
24
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1966
18. Daniel Merculief
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1960
24
19. Sarah (Lekanof) Merculief NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1963 .... 25
20. Martha Merculief
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1957 25
21. Mouza Merculief NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1954 .... 26
V
22. Isaiah Merculief NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1980 26
23. Elizabeth Merculief
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1969 27
24. Benjamin Merculief 27
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1968
25. Natalia Merculief
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1953
28
26. Nadesda Merculief
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1971 .....
28
27. Nicolai Merculief
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1972
29
28. Nadesda Merculief
29
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1977 ...... ......
29. Ignaty Pilemonof
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1979 ...... 30
30. Helena Pilemonof
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1955
30
31. Anna Prokopiof, Peter Prokopiof, Jr. and Peter Prokopiof
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1951 .....
31
32. Marina (Lekanof) Shane
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1952 31
33. Julia (Philemonof) Swetzof and son Ferapont Swetzof NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1978 32
34. Simeon Swetzof
32
NMML, Seattle, WA, Photograph Negative 1970 .....
35. Fredericka Martin Collection 1991-022300129, Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. 41
36. Gee Wing, cook
Greta Ericson Photograph Collection, UAF Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, 12. 42
37. St. Paul Island Aleut kitchen and cooks, Wing Lee on the right, n.d.
G Dallas Hanna No. 16 (Photographer Richard Culbertson, Agent); U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Photograph Collection, ca. 1907 to ca. 1921; RG 22; NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage). 43
38. Interior of Hospital Dispensary, St. Paul Island, 1915.
Photographer G Dallas Hanna, RG 22-95-ADMC-2243A, NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage) 46
Photographer G Dallas Hanna, RG 22-95-ADMC-2242A, NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage) 46
39. St. Paul Island ca. 1920s. Photographer Merl LaVoy. NMML, Seattle, WA 50
40. Radio Station working gang, 1920.
U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Photograph Collection, ca. 1907 to ca. 1920, No. 21; RG 22; NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage). 51
41. Concrete House, 1920.
U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Photograph Collection, ca. 1907 to ca. 1921, No. 20; RG 22; NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage) 51
vi
42. Iliodor Kozloff-3 years old. First child born in St. Paul Hospital, 1921. Greta Ericson Photograph Collection, 99-07-183, Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, UAF 55
43. Father John Orloff and Native Men of St. Paul Island with Fraternal Banner of St. Peter & St. Paul Society, circa 1915 60
44. Henry Wood Elliott depiction of the St. Paul Village, St. Paul Island, Alaska circa 1872. NARA RG76, Cartographic Series 157. Lagoon Rookery and Village Killing Grounds, St. Paul Island, 1872-1874 80
45. Aleut mother and children.
NAA-Joseph Stanley Brown, Photo Lot 54, 379 201
46. St. Paul Island native family outside their barabara [traditional Aleut house] AMNH-HDC Coll .- 46450 209
47. Father and son.
NAA-Joseph Stanley Brown, Photo Lot 54, 90. 21
48. Buterin, George and daughter.
NAA-Arctic Aleut Coll .- Neg. 80-13431 210
49. Paukoff, Porfaria and wife.
NAA-Joseph Stanley Brown, Photo Lot 54, 247 210
50. Paukoff, Porfaria, b. 1862 St. Paul Island.
NAA-Arctic Aleut Coll .- Neg. 80-13436 210
51. Metrofan Shutyagin.
NAA-Artic Aleut Coll .- Neg. 01456204.
......
211
52. Krukoff, Metrofan about age 4.
NAA-Arctic Aleut Coll .- Neg. 80-134301 211
53. Arseny Arkashoff.
NAA-Arctic Aleut Coll .- Neg. 01456201.
211
54. Mandregan, Neon, age 34 1890 census. NAA-Arctic Aleut Coll .- Neg. 80-13433 211
55. Necon Shabolin.
212
NAA-Arctic Aleut Coll .- Neg. 01456203
56. George Kotchootin and son Theodore.
212
NAA-Arctic Aleut Coll .- Neg. 01456206
57. St. George Island Children and Agent, circa 1892.
AMNH-HDC Coll. - 034961s
224
58. St. Paul Island Band at practice 1892.
NAA-Joseph Stanley Brown, Photo Lot 54, 382
231
59. Skinning on the killing ground, St. Paul Island. AMNH-HDC Coll .- 034924s 232
60. L-R: Agent, Alex Hanson, Anton Melovidov on the killing grounds, St. Paul Island. AMNH-HDC Coll .- 034921s 233
61. Bundling furs.
NAA,-Joseph Stanley Brown, Photo Lot 54, 039 .... 234
62. Bundled fur-seal skins.
AMNH-HDC Coll .- 034860s 238
63. Salt House Crew on porch of Salt House.
AMNH-HDC Coll .- 173-34869?
245
64. 1890's making sealskin bundles of two for packing and shipping, St. Paul Island. AMNH-HDC Coll .- 101117 245
vii
65. Men and boys cutting seal meat, St. Paul Island. AMNH-HDC Coll .- 034941s. 246
66. Women and children collecting seal meat, St. Paul Island.
AMNH-HDC Coll .- 034940s 247
67. Men and bundled fur-seal skins. Chief Anton Melovidov leaning on rail, Theodore Sedick to his right inside of salt house.
AMNH-HDC Coll .- 034867s. 248
68. Agent outside salt house with bundled fur-seal skins, boy, Chief Anton Melovidov, Alex Hanson on buckboard.
AMNH-HDC Coll .- 034866s 248
69. Philamanoff Family: unkown, Maria, Eugenia, Eoff, Demetria.
UAF-Charles S. Hamlin Coll .- 728.038 253
70. Swetzoff Family: Eustin, Krestina, Gregorie.
UAF-Charles S. Hamlin Coll .- 728.041 253
71. Rezanoff Family: Matrona, Peter, Tatiana.
UAF-Charles S. Hamlin Coll .- 728.035
254
72. Oustegoff Family: Yakan, Sosana, Eulata, Peligia.
UAF-Charles S. Hamlin Coll .- 728.042 254
73. Nederazoff Family: Malinia, Isidor, Eugenia (widow of Arkenty), Nicoli.
UAF-Charles S. Hamlin Coll .- 728.039
254
74. Malavansky Family: Setpineda, Nicoli, Peter, Kleopatra, Repsemia. UAF-Charles S. Hamlin Coll .- 728.040 254
75. Men carring halibut catch on pole. 262
NAA-Lot 54-Joseph Stanley Brown-314
76. Sealers having lunch.
NAA-Lot 54-Joseph Stanley Brown-001 263
77. 1890's Salt House, St. Paul Island.
AMNH-HDC Coll .- 101118 263
78. 1890's Salting Seal Skins, Salt House, St. Paul Island.
AMNH-HDC Coll .- 101120 264
79. St. George Island children circa 1896.
University of Washington, Special Collections, NA3045 269
80. St. Paul Island Sealers group.
University of St. Andrews Library, Ms4281(a)-147 279
81. St. Paul Island woman with knife and seal meat back-bag carrier.
University of St. Andrews Library, Ms43795-86 280
82. Priest Nicolas Rysev children.
NAA-Lot 54-Joseph Stanley Brown-291 281
83. Painting Doctor's House on St. Paul Island.
NAA-Mans. & Pam. File, Box 97, folder 92. 313
84. Fr. Orloff, wedding party and children at St. Paul Island circa 1901.
University of Washington, Special Collections, UW8257 314
85. Outside Blubber House, crew with tools, circa 1900.
NARA, Anchorage, RG22 BCF
317
86. Father Peter Kashevarof, men and boys at Well House, St. George Island, possibly blessing of the water. (H. D. Chichester, 1905) UW Libraries, UW21753. 333
......
viii
87. A religious procession, possibly blessing of the water, at St. George Island, 1907. University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections, UW2323 351
88. Bourdukofsky Wedding.
RG22 BCF; NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage) 377
89. Bourdukofsky, Apalon, Peter (son), Alexandra Peterson (daughter-in-law), September 1908.
RG22 BCF; NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage) . 37
90. Dr. Mills: 1911.
RG22-95-ADMC-396; Administrative Correspondence, 1888-1987;
NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage), 418
91. St. George School Children, 1912.
U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Photograph Collection, ca. 1907 to ca. 1921, No. 201; RG 22;
NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage) 428
92. Stepetin, Auxenia, age 75.
Jones Report (1915, 125). 461
93. Sedick, Theodosie, age 66.
Jones Report (1915,125). 461
94. Group Photo
RG22 BCF; NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage) 489
95. Native women, St. George Island May 1917
Photographer G Dallas Hanna, RG 22-95-ADMC; NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage) 490
96. Native Men and Boys in front of Governement House, St. George Island, May 1917. RG 22-95-ADMC-2908; Administration Correspondence, 1888-1987; NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage) 491
97. Natives with guns celebrating World War I peace news, November 11, 1918. RG 22-95-ADMC-2812; Administrative Correspondence, 1888-1987; NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage) 511
98. School children, St. George, 1920.
RG 22-95-ADMC-2812; Administrative Correspondence, 1888-1987; NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage) 540
99. Peter Prokepiof and family, St. George Island, May 1917.
Photographer G Dallas Hanna. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Photograph Collection, ca. 1907 to ca. 1921; RG 22; NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage), No. 177 541
100. St. Paul Island Junior School, September 12, 1921.
Culbertson photograph. G Dallas Hanna. U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Photograph Collection, ca. 1907 to ca. 1921, No. 7; RG22; NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage) 552
101. William "Bill" Merculief collecting bird eggs.
U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Photograph Collection, ca. 1907 to ca. 1921, No. 124; RG 22; NARA-Pacific Alaska Region (Anchorage) 639
102. Helen and Rufina Merculief.
Courtesy of William Manderville ..... 640
103. Laurence Lekanof and wife, Tatania Merculief.
Courtesy of William Manderville .......... 640
104. Isiah and Mousa Merculief, Anton Kushin. Courtesy of William Manderville 640
105. Elizabeth Swetzof. Courtesy of William Manderville ....... .640 .............. .....
ix
106. Ludmilla (Lestenkof) Kashevarof. Courtesy of William Manderville 640
107. Jake Lestenkof holding a lemming. Courtesy of William Manderville ........... 641
108. Anatoly Lekanof, Jr.
Courtesy of William Manderville ........... 641
109. Aleut family on plank road. 641
Courtesy of William Manderville
110. Pie eating contest July 4, 1937.
Courtesy of William Manderville 641
111. St. George School children, circa 1940.
Courtesy of William Manderville 642
112. Michael D. Lestenkof.
Courtesy of William Manderville
642
113. Stephanida (Merculief) Lestenkof.
642
Courtesy of William Manderville
114. William Merculief finished gathering eggs.
Courtesy of William Manderville 642
115. Andrew Merculief as a boy.
643
Courtesy of William Manderville
116. Peter Prokopiof Jr.
Courtesy of William Manderville 643
117. Nadesda (Merculief) Prokopiof.
Courtesy of William Manderville 643
118. Stephan Lekanof, aka Taata Bala Tuyuunas.
Courtesy of William Manderville
643
119. Lower School children, 1936-37.
644
Courtesy of William Manderville ....
......
120. Alexandra (Nozekof) Prokopiof.
Courtesy of William Manderville 644
121. Mike Prokopiof.
Courtesy of William Manderville 644
122. Daniel G. Merculief.
Courtesy of William Manderville 644
123. Old Carpenter Shop of St. George, circa 1936.
Courtesy of William Manderville
645
124. Terenty Merculief, July 4th apple dunk winner.
Courtesy of William Manderville
645
125. Nicolai G. Merculief.
Courtesy of William Manderville
645
126. St. George Baseball Team, circa 1936.
...............
646
Courtesy of William Manderville
127. Nicolai S. and John Merculief.
Courtesy of William Manderville
646
128. Juliana Gromoff, June 30, 1949 with old Russian samovar.
NMML-VBS-2551
647
........
X
129. Alice Gromoff, Mabel Stepetin, Mary Melovidov, July 12, 1950. NMML-VBS-2835 647
131. Oustigoff brothers: Neal and Mike. NMML-VBS-2377 648
130. Paul Tetoff, June 30, 1949.
NMML-VBS-2556 648
132. Nikefer Mandregan, June 30, 1949.
NMML-VBS-2555 648
133. Barbara Krukoff, July 4, 1948.
NMML-VBS-2376 649
134. Dora Stepetin, Erena and Maria Misikin, daughters of Victor Misikin and Irish Stepetin, July 8, 1945.
NMML-VBS-1820 .... ............ 650
135. Karp Emanoff at Lukanin Rookery, July 14, 1944 [?].
NMML-VBS-1694 651
136. Vincente (Melovidof) Tetoff, June 30, 1949.
NMML-VBS-2554. 651
137. Feodor Kochutin, June 30, 1949.
NMML-VBS-2553
.......
651
138. Girls in baseball throwing contest, July 4, 1948. NMML-VBS-2371 652
139. Mary, baby Ann Peggy and Steve Hapoff. NMML-VBS-2378 652
140. Kozeroff children: Jeanette, Agaphia, and Peter, July 12, 1948. NMML-VBS-2397 .... 652
xi
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. An Overview of St. George Island Inhabitants, 1870 to 1913 9
Table 2. A List Concerning the Population on the Island of St. Paul July 1868 64
Table 3. January 1. 1873 88
Table 4. January 1st, 1874 98
Table 5. January 1st 1875 108
Table 6. Census July 15th 1877, St. George Island, Alaska 118
Table 7. Census July 15th 1878, St. George Island, Alaska 124
Table 8. Census July 15th, 1879, St. George Island, Alaska 130
Table 9. Census July 15th 1880, St. George Island, Alaska 136
Table 10. Census St. George Island July 20 1881 142
Table 11. Census - St. George Island Taken August 10th 1882 148
Table 12. Census of St. George Island Taken July 1st 1883 154
Table 13. [Census] of Native Alaskans inhabiting St. George Island, 1 January 1884 160
Table 14. Census - 1885 of Native Inhabititants, St. George Island, Alaska, Jan 1, 1885 ... 166
Table 15. Census [St. George] Taken January 1st 1886 172
Table 16. Census St. George Island Taken January 1st 1887 178
Table 17. Census St. George Island Alaska Taken January 1st 1888 186
Table 18. Census of St. George Island January 1st 1889 192
Table 19. Census of St. George Island, Alaska, Jan 1st 1890 198
Table 21. Census of St. Paul Island, Alaska, July 31, 1890 204
Table 22. 1891 Census of St. George Island January 1st 214
Table 23. Census St. George Island Jany 1. 1892 220
Table 24. Census of St. Paul Island, Alaska, for year ending June 30, 1892 226
Table 25. Census of St. George Island, Alaska, June 30, 1893 236
Table 26. Census of St. Paul Island, Alaska, to June 30, 1893. 240
Table 27. Census of St. George Island, Alaska, June 30, 1894 250
Table 28. Census of native inhabitants of St. Paul Island, June 30, 1894 256
Table 29. Census of St. George Island, Alaska, June 30, 1895. 266
Table 30. Census of St. Paul Island, Alaska, June 30, 1895. 272
Table 31. Census of St. George Island, Alaska, 30 June, 1897 284
Table 32. Census of St. George Island, Alaska, 30 June, 1898 290
Table 33. Census of St. George Island, Alaska, 30 June, 1899 296
Table 34. Census of St. George Island year Ended June 30, 1900 304
Table 35. Census of St. Paul Island, Alaska, June 30, 1900 308
Table 36. Census of St. George Island, June 30, 1905. 330
Table 37. Census St. Paul Island, Alaska. For the year ended June 30, 1906. 338
Table 38. Census St. Paul Island, Alaska. For the year ended June 30, 1907. 354
xiii
Table 39. Census of St. George Island, 1908 366
Table 40. Census, St. Paul Island, Alaska. For the year ended June 30, 1908 370
Table 41. Census, St. Paul Island, Alaska. For the year ended June 30, 1909 380
Table 42. Census, St. Paul Island, Alaska, For the year ended June 30, 1910 392
Table 43. Census, St. Paul Island, Alaska, For the year ended June 30, 1911. 40
Table 44. Census St. Paul Island, Alaska, For the year ended June 30, 1912. 420
Table 45. Census St. Paul Island, Alaska, For the year ended June 30, 1913 430
Table 46. Census St. Paul Island, Alaska, For the year ended June 30, 1914. 446
Table 47. St. Paul Census, June 30, 1915 464
Table 48. St. Paul Census, June 30, 1916 472
Table 49. St. Paul Census, Special Enrollment, Nov. 1, 1916. 482
Table 50. St. Paul Census, March 31, 1917 494
Table 51. St. Paul Census, March 31, 1918 504
Table 52. St. Paul Census, March 31, 1919 514
Table 53. Census, St. Paul Island, Alaska, March 31, 1920 528
Table 54. Census, St. Paul Island, Alaska, March 31, 1921 544
Table 55. Census of St. Paul Island, Alaska, March 31, 1922. 562
Table 56. Census, St. Paul Island, AK, December 31, 1922. 570
Table 57. Census of St. Paul Island, Alaska, December 31, 1923 580
Table 58. Census of St. Paul Island, Alaska, December 31, 1924 590
Table 59. Census of St. Paul Island, Alaska, December 31, 1925 600
Table 60. Census of St. Paul Island, Alaska, December 31, 1926 610
Table 61. Census of St. Paul Island, Alaska, Dec. 31, 1927 620
Table 62. Census of St. Paul Island, Alaska, Dec. 31, 1928. 630
xiv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors extend their gratitude to all who helped make the task of writing this book possible. Some of you answered what may have seemed an unending stream of questions and requests for written records, photographs and illustrations. A special thank you goes to the people of St. Paul and St. George islands. Even though Betty's trip to St. Paul Island in the year 2000 was not intended for research, it gave her the pleasure of meeting the people themselves in a variety of settings including, an island picnic, their offices, and in some of their homes. Everyone was friendly and forthcoming with historical stories and traditions. Betty especially wants to acknowledge the access to historical materials at the public school, as well as her conversations with school librarian Anita Carden, her husband School Superintendent Jim Carden, former City Manager John R. Merculief, and City Clerk Phyllis Swetzof. She also very much appreciated an unexpected oral history of the island when she was invited in for tea by Darlene Melovidov and her husband, John W.
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