History of California, Volume IV, Part 57

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 820

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556

THE MISSIONS-COMMERCE AND FINANCE.

fifty dollars per month for a license to engage in the retail trade. From this revenue the guards kept on board were paid, and the balance was devoted to the construction of a pier at Monterey.27 The assembly in March decided to prohibit the importation of bran- dy and ordinary wines, and this resolution was sent to Mexico for approval.28

Juan B. Alvarado, as his share of the revolution- ary profits, was made administrator of customs, taking possession of the place on May 1st, and Pablo de la Guerra, the acting administrator, resuming his posi- tion of contador from that date. There was no material change in the personnel of the revenue department at Monterey under Alvarado, and his administration was marked by no special events requiring attention here. In June, being named by Castro to command an expedition on Indian and exploring service, he placed his resignation at the disposal of Pico, who-in conse- quence perhaps of troubles between himself and Cas- tro, and somewhat unexpectedly I think to Alvarado -accepted it in July. The transfer of the office to Guerra was delayed, however, on one pretext or an- other, until December 20th, Alvarado having in the mean time been elected to congress.23 At San Fran-

27 In Nov. it was proposed to abolish the guards, to whose presence most traders objected; but not the tax of $600 per year, which most were willing to pay. Dept. St. Pap., Ben., MS., iii. 81-4. There are records of 10 or 12 vessels agreeing to pay the tax in 1845. Id., Cust .- HI., MS., vi., passim.

28 March 20th. Leg. Rec., MS., iv. 40-1. Vallejo, Doc., MS., xii. 157, p. 5-7, in a letter to Ex-president Bustamante, urged that the ports of California should be made free; and the expenses of the govt be paid by a direct tax on productive property, with a small allowance punctually paid by the nation. Pieo's regulations on the sale of hides, in Doc. Hist. Cal., MS., iii. 104; Va- llejo, Doc., MS., xxxiv. 167; Fitch, Doc., MS., 371; Leg. Rec., MS., iv. 239- 42, 355-6; Dept. St. Pap., Ang., MS., x. 75-6; xi. 164.

29 March 16, 1845, Alvarado's appointment by Pico. Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxxiv. 122. Takes possession of the office May Ist ; and June 2Ist leaves Guerra temporarily in charge. Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Cust .- H., MS., vi. 6-7; Id., Ben., MS., iii. 69, 77. No date, Pico, on receipt of Alvarado's note of June 21st, relieves him in favor of Guerra, deeming the office incompatible with a military command. Dept. St. Pap., MS., viii. 23-4. July 17th, P. to A., to same effect, but in slightly different words. Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxxiv. 143; Guerra, Doc., MS., iv. 191-3. Sept 5th, etc., A. still aets as administrator. Dept. St. Pap., MS., xiii. 7. Sept. 9th, A. has not yet surrendered the office, ou account of difficulties and lack of orders respecting certain payments. Id.,

557

CUSTOM-HOUSE AND TREASURY.

cisco Rafael Pinto was by Alvarado made receptor in August to succeed Diaz; the new custom-house building was perhaps completed before the end of Sep- tember. 30 At San Diego, Henry D. Fitch served as receptor. I find no commercial records respecting either Santa Bárbara or San Pedro. Early in the sessions of the assembly at the new southern capital a proposition was adopted to open San Diego as a first- class port, equal in every respect to that of Monterey. This was sent to Mexico for approval, and nothing more was heard of it.31

The treasury remained throughout the year in the hands of José Abrego at Monterey. There was an attempt to move it with the capital to Los Angeles, but Abrego protested against the right of the depart- mental authorities to interfere in any way in his office, and, the supreme government sustaining him, refused to permit the change.32 Ignacio del Valle had been appointed treasurer in anticipation of the change, and seems to have acted in that capacity at Los Angeles,

vi. 889. Oct. 11th, P. replies, sending the orders and urging haste. Id., viii. 14. Dec. 20th, office turned over. Id., Ben., iii. 84; Id., Ben. Cust .- //., vi. 6-7. March 5th, list of customs officers at Monterey, with salaries. Id., vi. 4 5. Sept., Rafael Sanchez appointed Ist officer. Dept. St. Pap., MS., vi. 123. July 15th, Eutimio Trejo appointed in Mexico celador at Monterey.

30 Ang. 30th, Pinto appointed. Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Cust .- HI., MS., viii. 10. Sept. 27th, Jacinto Rodriguez and Pánfilo Soberanes appointed to reënforce the guard. Id., viii. 11. Feb. 21st, let the house remain in its present state. Pinto, Doc., MS., ii. 121. Sept. 30th, total expenditures on the building now completed, $2,678. Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Cust .- H., MS. [235-7]. Dec. 30th, Castro orders the com. to let the receptor have all the tiles he may need. Pinto, Doc., MS., ii. 216. Paid to Leidesdorff $50 for a Mexican flag for the building. Id., ii. 209. This flag was in later years presented to the Society of Cal. Pioneers. July 29th, Pinto complains that the custom-house establish- inent is a laughing-stock. To-day a vessel came in, and he went down to the beach to borrow a boat to go off and visit her; but no attention was paid to his shouts by the vessels at anchor! Id., i. 295.

31 Session of March 28th. Leg. Rec., MS., iv. 39-41. The new establish- ment was to have an administrator at $1,500, a contador at $1,000, a clerk at $480, and two guards at $240. The Monterey custom-house was to be put on the same basis. Sta Bárbara, S. Pedro, and S. Francisco were to be puertos menores for coast trade, to have each a receptor at $500. The abajeños had lost something of their old spirit, or they would have closed the northern ports altogether.

32 Aug. Ist, the treasurer announces this decision of the pres. Dept. St. Pap., Ben., MS., i. 101. May 17th, Abrego to Pico. An argument that the dept. authorities had no power to move the treasury or change its officials. Dept. St. Pap., MS., xiii. 12-13.

558

THE MISSIONS-COMMERCE AND FINANCE.

so far at least as to take charge of that portion of the revenues sent south for the civil list.33 In August Ábrego resigned, assigning as his reasons his belief that the treasury should be at the capital, and the in- sufficiency of his salary for the support of his family ; 34 but when in December Valle was sent north to take possession, General Castro refused to permit a trans- fer of the office, fearing that there was still a design to move the treasury, and insisting that such a step would interfere with a proper defence of the country against foreign invaders. 35

The obligation to pay $11,000 for the transporta- tion of the late governor and his men, together with other necessary expenses growing out of the revolu- tion, involved the new administration in some financial difficulties, which were, however, greatly lessened by the early arrival of the Tasso and California, and by the fact that the customs revenue for this year was nearly double that of 1844. One of Pico's first orders in February was to suspend the payment of all debts, having in mind chiefly the debts recently incurred by Micheltorena in his efforts to defeat the Californians. There was no desire to repudiate any part of these obligations; but it was deemed unfair to give them the preference, by carrying out Micheltorena's special agreements, which he had been led to make so freely in his time of need. Larkin had advanced large sums to the ex-governor, to be repaid from duties on the first cargoes that should arrive, and he protested against the suspension, as perhaps did others; but Pico in reply assured him that the debts would be paid, the delay being necessary for an examination of resources and a plan of distribution by which justice

83 June 19th, 25th, Valle addressed as treasurer by Bandini and Carrillo. Valle, Doc., MS., 69-70. In Sept. the assemb. considered the advisibility of appointing a treasurer to take charge of govt funds. Leg. Rec., MS., iv. 120-1. 34 Aug. 27th, Abrego to Pico. Dept. St. Pap., MS., xiii. 9-10.

35 Dec. 30th, Castro to Pico. Dept. St. Pap., MS., vi. 64-5. Same date, Guerra to Pico. Id., Ben., iii. 84. Feb. 15th, Arce's letter in Vallejo, Doc., MS., xii. 184. See also Valle, Lo Pasado de Cal., MS., 38-9; Botello, Anales, MS., 123-6.

559

FINANCIAL CONTROVERSY.

might be done to all. Larkin was also reminded that "speculators must take risks." By the end of March payment seems to have been resumed on a basis that afforded all claimants a share, though a small one, of the revenues;36 but in September there was another suspension of payment in the case of the Michelto- rena claims.

Quite naturally there had been disagreement be- tween Pico and Castro about the distribution of public funds, especially as to the shares of the civil and mil- itary branches. Each had a host of friends to be re- warded with profitable positions; but Castro had the advantage, because it was easier to find a pretext for increasing the list of military officers than that of civil employés; and the general did his best to give every- body a commission. After a series of wranglings, of which we have no detailed record, the two chiefs made an agreement to divide the revenues as follows: Act- ual indebtedness growing out of the late political events and including the Micheltorena claims were to be paid de preferencia, with a view to restore credit for future emergencies; and these debts having been paid direct from the custom-house, one third of the balance was to be paid over to the governor for the civil list, and two thirds to the general, through the treasurer, for

3G March 27tli, Pico to Alvarado, who is directed to reserve from the duties of the California $9,000 for Capt. Paty, and $8,200 for other payments, and to make an equitable distribution of the balance among employés. Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Cust .- H., MS., vi. [353-5]. March 5th to April 12th, corresp. be- tween Larkin and Pico. Larkin's Off. Corresp., MS., i. 30, 39; Id., Doc., MS., 60, 62, 107. May 27th, Pico urges Alvarado to cooperate in promoting econ- omy, since full payments cannot be made on account of obligations growing out of the late struggle. Dept. Ree., MS., xiv. 48-9. Before August some of Micheltorena's drafts had been paid, including $5,600 to Limantour. Dept. St. Pap., MS., vi. 120-1. March 18th, Guerra and Hartnell certify that since Jan. 1843 the custom-house has paid over to Micheltorena $83,256. The amount of outstanding drafts not known. Larkin's Doe., MS., iii. 70. March 20th, Abrego certifies that M. turned into the treasury $207,682 in re- ceipts of employés, officers, and troops. Id., iii. 74, 8S. Sept. 9th, $20,000 still unpaid on M.'s drafts for horses and cattle seized by him. Alvarado thinks actual employés should have the preference. Dept. St. Pap., MS., vi. 88-9. Sept. Ilth, Feliciano Soberanes claims $782 for live-stock. St. Pap., Miss., MS., xi. 67. Sept. 18th, an order to suspend payment of the Michel- torena claims referred to. Dept. St. Pap., MS., viii. Il.

560

THE MISSIONS-COMMERCE AND FINANCE.

military expenses, neither to interfere in the distribu- tion of the other's share.37

It may seem strange that Pico and Castro should have consented to pay the whole indebtedness in pref- erence to other expenses, but a communication from Castro to Abrego throws a flood of light upon this subject. It appears that the chiefs had reason to ex- pect the payment into the treasury, in addition to the regular revenues, of a sum sufficient to pay all debts and leave a surplus. But the goose that was to lay this golden egg- doubtless John Parrott's Star of the West, which was to pay half-duties on a rich cargo to be reshipped to Mexican ports-failed by a visitation of providence to keep her contract. This being the case, the first part of the agreement became of course a nullity; and the creditors had to wait.33

The total revenue paid into the custom-house in 1845 was about $140,000, of which sum about $14,000 were consumed in expenses, leaving $126,000 for the civil list estimated at $42,000,3) for military expenses amounting to $34,000 for officers alone, and for the payment of outstanding debts, to an amount not

37 No date, agreement between P. and C. The latter was to pay from his share $125 per mo. for schools in the south. Dept. St. Pap., MS., vi. 47-3. July 28th, Aug. 7th, P. to Abrego, and reply, referring to the agreement. Id., viii. 4-5; vi. 120-1. The purport of the agreement seems to have been known as early as June 25th. Valle, Doc., MS., 70. July 11th, 14th, a proposition was approved in the assembly to give to Cal. one half of her revenues, the other half going to the national treasury-that is, for the support of the mil- itary department, which in theory was supported by the nation. Leg. Rec., MS., iv. 243-9. This was a scheme to get more for the civil list than the agrecmeut granted, but it had to be approved in Mexico. The national govt in August gave Cal. two thirds of her revenuc-more than the assembly asked; but I find no evidence of any attempt of Pico to enforce this. Doc. Hist. Cal., MS., ii. 73; Sup. Govt St. Pap., MS., xviii. 15.

38 Castro to Abrego, copied to Pico by the latter on Aug. 27th. Dept. St. Pap., MS., xiii. 8-9. Abrego at the time of the agreement had $9,000 on hand, of which sum he was ordered by Pico to send $5,000 for urgent ex- penses at Angeles, and distribute $4,000 among employés. Id., xiii. 10.

39 Estimate of June 30th for the year, specifying all branches and officers, $42,550. Leg. Rec., MS., iv. 263-5. The items were, assembly $12,800, gov- ernor's office $10,200, tribunal $12,750, prefecture $4,000, treasury $2,800. A partial list of March foots up $14,985. Dept. St. Pap., Ben., MS., iii. 133. Revenue officers $13,600. Id., Cust .- H., MS., vi. 4-5; Sup. Govt St. Pap., MS., xvi. 2-3. Cost of military officers, inválidos, etc., for a month, also ar- tillery company, $2,843. Dept. St. Pap., MS., xiii. 3-5. Some fragmentary statisties of distribution in Id., passim.

561

DEBTS AND MARITIME LIST.

known. Existing accounts are too fragmentary to give any accurate idea of how the funds were distrib- uted among the three classes of claimants, none of whom got all that was due them, and none of whom suffered much inconvenience from the loss. According to an elaborate statement prepared by Larkin for the U. S. government, the total indebtedness of California at the end of 1845, not all accrued in this year, but none of it dating back more than two or three years, was in round numbers $158,000. Of this sum $62,000 was due to twenty private individuals, Vallejo and Larkin having the largest claims; $32,000 to twenty- eight civil employés for salaries, José A. Estudillo of the tribunal being entitled to the largest sum, $3,000; $45,000 to fifty military officers, Vallejo heading the list with $5,600; and $19.000 to the soldiers of differ- ent companies.40

I name sixty vessels in the Californian fleet of 1845, though there are about a dozen doubtful names, many of them resting only on the statements of men who claim to have come to the coast on them;# two are

40 Larkin's Off. Corresp., MS., ii. 112-16, with full details, names, ete. In Id., Doc., MS., iii. 98, is a balance-sheet of the treasurer, showing the total amount of money disbursed by Micbeltorena in 1842-5. The sum was 8209,219, divided as follows: presidial companies, $18,000; artillery, $11,000; batallon, $127,000; hospital, $2,500; schooner California, $3,000; Tulares establishment, $429; inválidos, $36, etc.

41 Admittance, Alfred, America, Argo, Baikal, Bajío, Benj. Morgan (?), Dull, C'alifornia, California (schr), Clarita, Constantine, Constitution, Cowlitz, Don Quixote, Dromio (?), Erie, Espalon, Fama (2?), Fannie (?), Gustave, Ilan- nah (?), Helvetic (?), Heroine, Hibernia, Hopewell, John and Elizabeth (?), Jóven Guipuzcoana, Juanita, Julia, Julia Ann, Levant, Lion, Magnolia, Ma- ria, Maria Teresa, Martha, Matador, Medicis, Morea, Naslednik, Oajaca, Pacific, Portsmouth, Primavera, Republicano, Sarah, Savannah, Soledad, Star of the West, Sterling, Tasso, United States (?), Vandalia, Vancouver (?), Warren (2), Waverly (?), and Wm Nye.

According to a table in the Honolulu Friend, ii. 37, the number of vessels leaving that port for Cal. was 9, while there arrived 5. Larkin, Off. Corresp., MS., ii. 36-7, 111, gives a table of shipping at Monterey for 1845 as follows: American vessels 27, Mexican 18, English 4, Gerinan 3, French 3, Hawaiian 3, total 58; men-of-war 5, whalers 5, traders 48, total 58; ships 23, barks 17, brigs 8, schooners 10, total 58; total crews, not including inen-of-war, 883; total tonnage, 14,670 tons; cost of cargoes, $189,500; value in Cal., $367,000; duties paid, $138,360. The amount of the sums as given for cach vessel in the list is $142,309; and a total of $144,913 is given in one record of the custom- house. The total receipts for the year at San Francisco were $1,029, of which HIST. CAL., VOL. IV. 36

562

THE MISSIONS-COMMERCE AND FINANCE.

Boston ships that had wintered on the coast; fifteen were traders that brought new cargoes this year; twelve were whalers; eight were men-of-war; and thirteen came on miscellaneous or unknown business-to bring despatches, to collect debts, to obtain cattle, or to re- pair damages. The notable arrivals, if any may be so termed, were the Matador, which paid into the treas- ury $67,000, an amount far exceeding any ever paid before by one vessel; the Star of the West, a pioneer in a new class of smugglers, wrecked near Monterey; the Tasso, the first to furnish revenues for Pico's ad- ministration, and the assault on whose captain was one of the most prominent current themes of San Francisco local annals; and the Russian Naslednik, whose supercargo, Markof, published a narrative of his visit.

I have given for each year a mere list of vessels; but have reserved all details respecting each vessel for a general list for 1841-5, which I append to this chapter. I thus not only effect a saving of space, but produce a result much more satisfactory to the reader than by a scattering and repetition of particulars.42

sum $271 was paid out for expenses. Pinto, Doc., MS., ii. 215; Dept. St. Pap., Ben, Mil., MS., Ixxxvi. 13. There are no other statistics except such as are fragmentary and of no value. Davis, Glimpses, MS., 205-6, speaks of a steamer from Sitka visiting S. F. Bay this year or in 1844.

42 List of vessels, 1841-5:

Admittance, Amer. ship, 501 tons; 20 men; Peter Peterson, master; Henry Mellus, sup. and consignee. Arr. Mont. from Boston Mar. 4, 1843; cargo, .$19,221; duties, $2,407 (20,407?). Passed 2 winters ou the coast, touching repeatedly at all the ports. Sailed for Boston in autumn of 1845.

Alert, Amer. ship, 398 tons; W. D. Phelps, master. Had arr. in 1840; and sailed for Boston in Dec. 1842. Alfred Robinson seems to have departed in her. She was the last ship sent out by Bryant & Sturgis. Her exploit of spiking the San Diego guns in the 'Com. Jones War' is recounted elsewhere.

Alexander, or Alexandrovich, or Joven Alejandro, or Alexander the Heir, Russ. bark. At S. F. from Sitka in spring of 1843 and autumn of 1844. On the 2d trip she had some trouble about entering S. F. before going to Mont .; about support of guard put on board to prevent smuggling; and about ton- nage dues, She came for wheat from Sutter; and S. tried to pay the tonnage with a draft on custom-house, which was not acceptable. See Naslednik.

Alexander Barclay, German whaler, at Sauzalito in Dec. 1843. Perhaps also in 1842,

Alfred, Hamburg bark, at S. Pedro Feb. 1845, in ballast from Callao.

America, Engl. man-of-war, 50 guns; John Gordon, com. At Mont. and S. F. July 1845, bound to Columbia Riv. At Honolulu in Oct.

563

VESSELS OF 1841-5.

In this list there are named 148 vessels, of which a dozen or more rest on doubtful records, 18 being found

Angelina, Fr. whaler, at Mont. 1844. Her crew had a fight with soldiers of the batallon.

Argo, Fr. whaler, at Mont. Aug. 1845.

Ayacucho, Mex. schr, 93 tons; J. Blanca, master; Jos Limantour, sup. and con. According to Mofras she now belonged to Bizat & Roussell of Bor- deaux. Arr. Mont. Oct. 1841; cargo, $15,586; duties, $15,726. Sailing for S. F. she was wrecked near Pt Reyes, the crew and part of cargo being saved. Mofras makes the date Sept. 27th, but it was at least a month later.

Baikal, Russ. brig, 180 tons. At S. F. Oct .- Nov. 1845 for grain from Sutter and others.

Bajío, bark, on the coast in May 1845. Dept. St. Pap., MS., viii. 4.

Barnstable, Amer. ship, 403 tons; Jas B. Hatch, master. Arr. from Bos- ton at Mont. July 7, 1842; cargo, $27,943; duties, $28,548. Fincd $300 for admitting a private individ. before the revenue officers. Spent 2 winters in Cal., making the round trip up and down several times; and sailed for Bos- ton in Dec. 1844.

Benj. Morgan, whaler, at S. F. autumn of 1844, and perhaps also in 1845.

Bertha and Jenny, Hamburg brig; 130 tons; John Mein, master; A. M. Ercilla, sup. Arr. Mont. from Callao Dec. 1842; cargo, $5,394; duties, $6,802. Sailed for Mazatlan in ballast Jan. 1843.

Bolina, Mex. schr. Brought back 19 of the exiled foreigners in July 1841.

Bolívar, Amer. brig, 202 or 180 tons; Gorham H. Nye, master. Said by Peirce and Simpson to have been on the coast Nov .- Dec. 1841. At Sta B. Dec .- Jan. 1842-3. Back from Honolulu June 1843; John C. Jones, master; A. B. Thompson, sup .; cargo, $2,329; duties, $3,121. At S. Pedro Nov. 1844; Roderick, master. Larkin's Doc., MS., ii. 241.

Braganza, whaler; Waterman, master. At Mont. Sept. 1841.

Bremen, whaler, at S. F. Aug. 1843.

Brothers, Engl. bark from Col. Riv. to Oahu. At S. F. July 1844. Re- fused to pay tonnage because driven in by weather. This view sustained by Consul Forbes.

Bull, Swedish brig; arr. Honolulu, Sept. 1845, from Col. Riv., via Monte- rey.

California, Mex. schr; Cooper, master; arr. at Mont. June 1841, from Mex. coast, paying $291 and $457. Lay at Sauzalito Sept .- Dec., and sailed for Mont. Dec. 31st. In 1842, John Roderick was mate, crew of 14, all foreign- ers but 2. Expense this year $2,831, besides $6,428 paid to Peirce & Brewer for previous repairs. See Simpson's Narr., 282, 294-5, 358, for amusing de- tails about her outfit for a voyage. Sailed Jan. 20, 1842, for Acapulco, with the comisionados Prudon and Castañares and 7 or 8 other passengers. Arr. Acap. Feb., Honolulu March, Mont. June 2d; duties, $4,136. Sailed again June 9th, arr. Acap. July, S. Blas aud Mazatlan Aug., Mont. Sept. 30th. Pay-roll for the 2 trips, $1,842. Captured by U. S. with Monterey Oct., and re- leased. Trip to S. Pedro and Sta B. and back Feb .- April IS43; in S. F. Bay and Petaluma Creek, Apr .- May, thence south with provisions from Vallejo to Micheltorena; back at Sauzalito Oct .- Nov., and Mont. Nov .- Dec. Sailed Dec. 10th, with 'lots of passengers,' including Larkin, Abrego, Andrés Pico, and Capt. Wolter, leaving S. Pedro for Mazatlan Dec. 23d. Expenses to Sept., $2,754. Her cargo to Maz. included 127 casks brandy, 23 bbls of wine, 6 bbls pisco, 1 bbl olives, 1 can dried fruit, 16 hams, 112 checses. Came back to S. Pedro with the passengers, including also Davis, Johnson, Glein, and Dr Moro, Feb. 1844. Small-pox among the kanaka crew on this voyage. Coop- er's Log., MS., closes abruptly Mar. Sth on the way to Mont. Swan, one of the crew, says Cooper was ordered to sea by the gov. on account of small-pox, but replied he would see the gov. damned first. In May the schr carried

56-4

THE MISSIONS-COMMERCE AND FINANCE.

also in the list of 1836-40. Of the 134, the stars and stripes were borne by 45; 26 sailed under the Mexican

Capt. Flores to Mazatlan and returned in June; arr. Acapulco in July and lay there rest of year. Still at Acapulco in Jan. 1845. Some accts of ex- penses down to June; but I find no evidence that she ever returned to Cal.

California, Amer. ship: 422 tons; Jas P. Arther, master; Curtis Clap, sup .; arr. Mont. from Boston Feb. 1842; cargo, $21,961; duties, $21,328; up and down the coast; carried lumber from S. F. to Mont. in Oct. 1843; no record of her departure or of her presence in 1844. In spring of 1845 back from Boston; Howard, sup .; cargo cost $35,000, worth in Cal. 870,000, ap- praised at $27,599; duties, $18,000, or $21,243, or $25,129, acc. to different rec- ords. Remained all the year.

Caroline, Amer. whaler; at Sauzalito Oct. 1843; 6 of her men stole the boat and escaped.

Carysfort, Engl. man-of-war, 26 guns, 240 men; Lord Geo. Paulet, com .; at Mont. Oct. 14-21, 1843, from Honolulu for Mazatlan. John Swan describes a ball on shore and dinner on board; also some fights, in which the ship's men got the best of the cholos,

Catalina, Mex. brig; Chris. Hansen, master; E. Célis, sup. At Mont. and S. F. May and Nov. 1841; duties, $S58; left coast in spring of 1842. Back at Mont. in Aug. 1843; Robert Marshall, master. And again from Acapulco in Aug .- Nov. 1844.

Charles W. Morgan, Amer. whaler; Thos A. Norton, master; at Mont. in Aug. 1844; and also, according to Dally's Narr., MS., in autumn of 1843.

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History of California, Volume IV, Part 57

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe Publication date: 1885 Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers Number of Pages: 820

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 820