History of California, Volume IV, Part 67

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 820

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Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

643

SANTA BÁRBARA.

The mission of Santa Barbara remained under the control of Padre Duran, aided by Padre Antonio Ji- meno from 1844 and Padre José María de Jesus Gonzalez, a Zacatecano, from 1843. The number of neophytes varied from time to time, but was 260 at the end of the period. Leandro Gonzalez held the place of majordomo down to 1843, when the temporal management was restored to the padres. The estab- lishment has no recorded annals down to 1845, when the community was broken up.23 Padre Duran in his old age had become discouraged; the Indians were careless and improvident; and though there was yet

Vieja, see Purísima, Nojoqui, 31., 1843. Raimundo Carrillo, who was cl. Purí- sima. 1845, José R. Malo, who was cl. Purísima (Mision Vieja). 1 1., 1845, Joaquin and José Ant. Carrillo, who were cl. S. Buenaventura (mission), 400 varas, 1845, Fernando Ticó, who was cl. S. Carlos de Jonata, 6 1., 1843, Joa- quin Carrillo et al., who were cl. S. José de Gracia, seo Simi. S. Miguel, 1} 1., 1841, Raimundo Carrillo et al., who were el. Santa Cruz Isl., asked for by Andrés Castillero in 1845. Dept. St. Pap., MS., vi. 134. Santa Inés or Cañada de los Pinos, or college rancho, 6 1., 1844, catholic church, which was cl. Santa Paula, 4 1., 1843, Manuel J. Casarin; J. P. Davison cl. Santa Rita, 3 1., 1845, Joss Ramon Malo, who was cl. Santa Rosa Ist., 1843, José Ant. and Carlos Carrillo; M. Carrillo de Jones cl. In 1844 the grantees ceiled the island to Mrs Jones and Mrs Thompson. Dept. St. Pap., MS., xviii. 69; Dept. Rec., MS., xiii. 70. Simí or S. José de Gracia, 92,341 acres, 1842, confirmed to Patricio Javier and Manuel Pico; José de la Guerra y N., cl. Temascal, 3 1., 1843, Francisco Lopez et al .; M. Arguisola cl. Tequepis, 2 1., 1845, Joaquin Villa; Antonio M. Villa cl. * Todos Santos y S. Antonio, 5 1., 1841, Salvador Osio; Win E. Hartnell cl. See Hoffman's Repts. Grants marked * were rejected by the L. C. or U. S. courts.

23 Sta Bárbara Mission. 1842. Mofras, Explor., i. 320, gives the pop. as 400. 1843. Controversy with Den on boundary of Dos Pueblos rancho. Arch. Sta B., MS., x. 228-31. 1844. Duran's report on southern' missions gives a pop. of 287 with difficulty maintained. Pico (Pio), Doc., MS., i. 14. 1845. May, debt reported as $2,765 with noassets. Arch., Arzob., MS., v. pt. ii. 53. The assembly authorizes the gov. May 28th to rent the estate. This vol., p. 549. July 25th, inventory by the appraisers Andrés Pico and Juan Manso, with P. Duran. Pop. 234 souls. Buildings reserved for bishop and padres, 33 rooms, $1,500. Storehouse and its contents in goods, implements, etc., $1,552. Cellar with barrels, still, etc. $768. Soap-house and ou'sfit $308. Tannery $250. Smithy $160. Weaving room, looms, etc. $126. Carpenter shop $34. Majordomo's house $385. Vaquero's outfit $24. Orchard, with adobe wall and 512 fruit-trees, $1,500. Vineyards, 1,205 and 2,400 vines $1,720. Live-stock at the mission 816 cattle, 398 horses, 9 mules, $3,545. Corrals $265. S. José vineyard, 2,232 vines, 100 trees, $1,333. Cieneguita with fence and crops $300. S. Antonio, a corral $25. S. Marcos with build- ings, vineyards, grain, live-stock (140 cattle, 90 horses, 1,700 sheep), $6.956. Total $25, 843. Original in Pico, Pap. Mis., MS., 7-15. Sept. 15th, Duran to gov. askin { to be relieved of the temporal management. The Ind, arc rc- speciful to him, but careless and wasteful. He will remain only till the grapes are harvested. Pics (Pio), Doc., MS., ii. 68. Oct. 3d, gov. to Du.an, be may eutrust the estate to a person of his confidence, or he may ren; it. Dept. St. Pap., MS., viii. 26-7. Oct. 28th, Pico's order to rent the mission,

644

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE SOUTH.

considerable property, the prospect of an increasing debt caused all parties to deem a change desirable. An inventory showed a total valuation, not including land or church property, of nearly $26,000, live-stock comprising 956 cattle, 488 horses, and 1,730 sheep. The estate was rented in December to Nicholas A. Den and Daniel Hill for $1,200 a year. The princi- pal buildings were reserved for bishop and clergy. The Indians were to retain a part of the buildings, to have lands assigned them, to be at liberty to work for the lessees or for themselves, and to have a third of the rental; but there is no evidence that they got anything beyond the privilege of remaining.

At San Buenaventura Padre Antonio Jimeno re- mained till late in 1843, with Padre Francisco de Jesus Sanchez as an associate in 1842-3. In No- vember 1843 the bishop appointed the presbyter José María Rosales as curate, and the church property was turned over to him. Rosales had already lived here for nearly two years and remained until after 1845.24 Rafael Gonzalez was succeeded as majordomo

This vol., p. 552. Dec. 5th, renting of the mission to Den and Hill. This vol., p. 553. Henry Mellus signed a bond Dec. 11th, and the lease was made ont later. Hayes, Miss. B., 373-6. Dec. 16th, gov.'s order to Duran to give up the estate. Produce, food, saddles, etc., to be retained, the produce to be sold to pay debts including $200 for the comisionados. Arch., Sta B., MS., x. 243-5. Dec. 26th, Duran's reply. Has given up the mission. Finds fault at paying $200 for 4 days' useless work. The only produce left is 50 hides and 6 or 7 bbls of brandy. He may present a charge later of $1,000 of his own money spent on the Ind. Arch. Arzob., MS., v. pt. ii. 61-2.

24 S. Buenaventura items. 1841. July 3d, Gonzalez to gov., objecting to the proposed entry of gente de razon as likely to demoralize the Ind. St. Pap., Miss., MS., ix. 51. Sept. 10th, the Ind. complain that they have been given nothing since 1839. Gonzalez asks license to make a repartition on mission account. Id,. 50. Dec. 6th, G. explains that he administers heavy punishments only for serious offences, and believe there is no other way. Id., 52. Expenses in Feb. $385; on hand, $1,427. Id., 51. 1842. Gonzalez re- signs in Feb. on account of his private business. Claims to have kept the mission in good condition for 4 years. Id., 48. Crisogono Ayala was appoint- cd encargado in July and took charge in Sept. Id., x. 10; Dept. Rec., MS., xii. 59; but Ramon Valdés, Mem., MS., 30-1, claims to have been in charge continuously from this year. He says there were about 100 men besides women and children. Mofras, Explor., i. 320, makes the pop. 300. View of S. Buenaventura in Robinson's Life in Cal. 1843. Temporal management to be restored to padres. This vol., p. 369. April 3d, P. Jimeno certities an in- ventory minutely itemized with full description of church, etc., but no val- ucs. There were 2,382 cattle, 529 horses, 2,299 shcep, 220 mules, and 18 asses; 1,032 fruit trees and 11,970 vines; crdits, $2,548, debt, $3,080. Pico,

645

SAN BUENAVENTURA.

in 1842 by Crisógono Ayala; and Ramon Valdés sub- sequently held the position. In 1843 the property was put in charge of Padre Jimeno, who retained it apparently after he went to Santa Bárbara, as Rosales had nothing to do with the temporal management. The only event of the period was the occupation of the mission in 1845 by Castro and Micheltorena in the campaign which resulted in the latter's downfall. Circumstances leading to and accompanying the final renting of the estate were similar to those noted in the case of Santa Bárbara; but the inventories are not extant. The lessees were José Arnaz and Nar- ciso Botello, and the rent was $1,630. The neophyte population in 1845 I put at 200, but it is a guess rather than an estimate, as there are no contemporary figures. Nor are there any statistics of property later than 1842, though the rent paid serves as an indica- tion of the value as compared with Santa Barbara.

Padre José Joaquin Jimeno remained in charge of Santa Inés, with Juan Moreno as associate from 1842 and Francisco de Jesus Sanchez from 1844. Padre Moreno died at the end of 1845.25 The leading event

Pap .. Miss., MS., 67-76. Ayala still majordomo. Id. Nov. 8th, bishop's appointment of Presbyter Rosales. He was to have a garden wich servants and $50 per month from the mission fund. Arch., Sta. B., MS., x. 225-7. 1811. The mission still iu tolerable condition with plenty of resources. Rosales had nothing to do with the property. This vol., p. 421-2. July 15th, gov. to Sta B., alcalde. He must seek to induce the free Ind. of S. Buena- ventura to leave the commun.ty lands, and settle near Sta B., to stop the continual complaints of robberies, etc. Dept. Rec., MS., xiii. 86. 1845. Ramon Valdés majordomo. Id., xiv. 40. José Moraga proposed for juez de paz (?) in Nov. Dept. St. Pap., Ben., P. and J., MS., ii. 170. The oppos- ing forces of Castro and Micheltorena at the mission in Feb. This vol., p. 408-502. Renting of the estate in Dec. Id., 533. Valdes, Mem., MS., 30-1, says the property was in good condition, yielding enough to support the Ind., when turned over to the lessees. In Unb. Doc., MS., 331, Stephen C. Foster is named as one of the original lessees who withdrew in IS4G.

23 Juan Moreno was born Jan. 27, 1799, at Montenegro, la Rioja, Old Cas- tile; but became a Franciscan in Mexico, being ordaine l as sub-deacon at Toluca in 1821. He came to Cal. in 18227, and his missionary service was at Sta Bárbara in 1827-9; at Sta Cruz in 1829-30; S. Juan Bautista in 1830-2; S. Miguel in 1833-42; and Sta Inés (having charge also of Purísima, and probably living there a part of the time) in 1842-5. Except that he was a quiet, patient man, well liked by all, we know very little about him. Así- sara, an Indian of Sta Cruz, Amador, Mem., MS., 90-113, says he was very skilful in throwing the reata and was very proud of his success in lassoing bears. Of his poverty at S. Miguel in 1838 he writes to Capt. Guerra, 'Le

646

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE SOUTH.

of the period was the foundation of the colegio semi- nario de María Santísima de Guadalupe de Santa Inés de Californias in 1844 as recorded elsewhere.26 Miguel Cordero continued to act as administrator of the mis- sion estate until in 1843 it was restored to the man- The ex-neophyte population

agement of the padres.

in 1845 was 270 souls. According to the inventories of 1841 and 1845, live-stock decreased from 12,000 to 2,000 animals; and the total value of property from $49,000 to $20,000, and perhaps more, since the first inventory seems not to have included lands, as the last did. There were charges of a reekless distribution of the cattle among favorites of the government.27

noticio que ya no chnpo porque no tengo; vea Vd si es fuerte apnracion esta !' He served as a professor in the Sta Ines college; and he was buried by the rec- tors and alumni on Dec. 28, 1845. Sta Ines, Lib. Mis., MS., 27.

26 See this vol., p. 425-6, with full references.

27 Sta Ines record. 1841. Miguel Cordero became administrator Jan. 15th, having acted ad int. before. The inventory of transfer from Francisco Cota shows a total valuation, exclusive of lands and church property, of $49,- 115, with a debt of $975. Buildings, implements, and effects in store $12,- 2S7; live-stock (10,295 cattle, 525 horses, 1,704 sheep, 28 mules, 40 pigs, 4 asses), $34,086; 987 fruit-trees, $987; credits $1,828. Cordero's receipts to end of June $1,477; expend. $1,173. July. C. ordered to kill 500 fat cattle on govt account. Oct. et seq. C. has trouble in getting possession of the l'urisima property. St. Pap. Miss., MS., ix. 1-6. Francisco Cota appointed juez de paz in Dec. Sta B. Arch., MS., 35. 1842. Valentin Cota temporarily in charge in Cordero's absence in Nov., at which time there was trouble about the delivery of 300 cattle to Célis on the gov. 's order. Guerra, Doc., MS., v. 305-6; Cota, Doc., MS., 16. Manuel Gutierrez seems to have had some au- thority in Sept. Dept. St. Pap., Ang., vii. 11. Pop. 250, according to Mofras. Explor., i. 320. Jan., gov. orders $80 to be expended on the church. Dept. Rec., MS., xii. 47. May, the music-teacher Luis to be placed at the disposal of l'. Jimeno. Id., 56. July, owners of Sta Rosa and Alamos ranchos must permit the cutting of timber for the mission. Sta B. Arch., MS., 41. Sta Inés was the southern limit of Vallejo's command over the linea del norte. This vol., p. 202. 1813. Temporal management restored to the padres. Id., 309; but there are no details or inventories. May 30th, gov. grants to the Carrillos the irrigable lands of Mision Vieja in company with the Ind. Dept. Rec., MS., xiii. 58. 1844. Founding of the seminary as noted elsewhere. A report of Duran says the mission is still in moderately good condition, with 234 Ind. Piro (Pio), Doc., MS., 14. The assembly to meet at Sta Inés, but never did so. This vol., p. 412. 1845. May, debt of the mission $1, 151, no assets (?). Arch. Arzob., MS., v. pt ii. 25. July 22d, inventory by Pico and Manso as ap- praisers. Pop. 270 souls. Buildings, implements, and effects in storehouse $7,943. Lands, gardens, 692 fruit-trees, 5 sitios of grazing land, $5,240. Live-stock, 496 cattle (besides 963 due from 7 private individuals), 193 horses, 1,608 sheep, 15 mules, 3 asses, and 33 swine, $5,093; credits $1,736. Total $20,288. Debt $2,848. Pico, Pap. Mis., MS., 89-100. But an entry in the Sta Ines, Lib. Mis., MS., 39, states that Pico and Manso acted without the cooperation of the padre, who did not sign the inventory. In Id., 38-9, is an entry to effect that Carrillo and Covarrubias, the grantees of Jonata rancho,

647

SANTA INÉS AND PURÍSIMA.

At last the estate was rented in December 1845 to José María Covarrubias and Joaquin Carrillo for $580 per year.

The venerable Padre Ramon Abella, last survivor of the Fernandinos who came in the last century, served as minister at Purísima for a few months be- fore his death in 1842; and subsequently the mission was under the spiritual care of Padre Juan Moreno and the presbyter Miguel Gomez, though both resided most of the time at Santa Inés.23 José Antonio de la Guerra was the administrator in 1841-2, and is

with the connivance of the gov. had not kept their agreement with the mis- sion. They were to pay $500 and a number of cattle, and to leave land enough to support the eattle. Nov., Joaquin Carrillo proposed as juez de paz. Dept. St. Pup., Ben., P. & J., MS., ii. 170. Lease of the mission in Dec. This vol., p. 553.

23 Ramon Abella was born May 28, 1764, at Monforte, Aragon, Spain; and became a Franciscan at Zaragoza on March 6, 1784, coming to the Mexican college in 1795 and to Cal. in 1798. His missionary service of 44 years was at S. Francisco in 1798-1819, S. Carlos in 1819-33, S. Luis Obispo in 1833-42, and Purisima in Feb .- May, 1842. He was rated by his superiors as one of the most zealous and ablest friars in the country for missionary work proper, and fitted for any office, but somewhat unfitted for temporal management. Autobioy. Autog. de los Padres, MS .; Sarria, Inf. de 1817, MS., 71, 117; Pay- eras Inf. 1820, MS., 135-6. As carly as 1804 he wished to quit the country. In 1807 and 1811 he made entradas among the gentiles, of which his narratives are cxtant. See list of auth. vol. i. On July 22, 1814, at S. Francisco he buried the last Indian who remembered the foundation of the mission in 1776, Biridiana, a woman of 63 years born on the very site of the mission. S. F. Lib. Mis., MS., 74. He was present at the founding of S. Rafael in Dee. 1817; and there is hardly a mission register in Cal. in which his name does not ap- pear. In 1826 he professed obedience to the republican government, thongh refusing to take the oath. Before leaving S. Carlos he became sick and in- firm; and his term of service at San Luis Obispo was one of illness and dis- eouragement, nearly approaching dotage at the last. In 1836, he was brood- ing over impending death, lamenting the unhappy fate of the missions and friars, and wishing that he could get the money due him so that he might pay his debts and secure a passage to some other country. In 1838 he declared his neophytes to be the most wretched and poverty-stricken beings on cartlı, anil himself as necdy as any. In 1839 he went to Purísima for a time, refusing to live at S. Luis unless Angel Ramirez with his open immorality and 'genio dominante' should be removed. Why he was sent to take charge of Purísima in IS42 it is hard to imagine, unless it was to humor a whim of his own. While at this mission he declared that he had been robbed of all he brought from S. Luis; and P. Jimeno in a letter of March 9th, Guerra, Doc., MS., charged the administrator and others, 'who were not Indians' as pretended, with the robbery, and with having treated the old padre 'with the greatest ingratitude, inhumanity, and vileness.' Rafael Gonzalez, Mem., MS., 5-8, who had an interview with Abella at Purísima, describes him as having acted in a very strange munner, evidently insane or in his dotage. His last days were spent at Sta Ines, where he was buried on May 24, 1842, in the church near the presbytery on the epistle side about two varas from the church wall. Sta Ines, Lib. Mis., MS., 23-6.

648

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE SOUTH.

accused of having dissipated what was left of the mission property of any value, the remnants being put in charge of the Sta Ines administrator in 1842, and all turned over to the padres in 1843.29 Subse- quently there was no resident padre, but a subordi- nate majordomo was probably left in charge by Padre Moreno, who from Santa Inés visited his flock from time to time. In 1844 the small-pox killed most of the 200 Indians and broke up the community. In 1845 I suppose there may have been 50 ex-neophytes living in the vicinity. What was left of the estate, except church property, was sold to John Temple for $1,110.

29 Purísima affairs. 1841. José M. Valenzuela turned over the mission to José Ant. de la Guerra, his successor, on July Ist. St. Pap. Miss., MS., xi. 23. It appears that in Sept .- Oct., Guerra was ordered to deliver the property to Cordero of Sta Ines, but refused to do so unless paid $700 for which he claimed to be personally responsible to creditors of the mission. Id., ix. 5. In Dec., Fraucisco Cota was appointed juez for the ranchos of this region. Dept. St. Pap., MS., xviii. 66. 1842. In Feb., Guerra made the delivery to Cordero as required, but the latter declares that the property, except 'unos cuantos muebles inservibles,' had disappeared, and that G. had killed and scattered the live-stock on pretext of orders from the govt. St. Pap. Miss., ix. 6. P. Jimeno also accuses Guerra of having robbed the mission of everything, aud claims to have irrefutable proofs. Guerra, Doc., MS., vii. 16-17. In April Diego Fernandez is addressed as majordomo, and is informed that the mission's yearly quota of presidio supplies is 20 fan. inaize, 10 fan. beans, 40 arr. lard, 10 arr. tallow, 70 pairs of shoes, and $25 of soap. St. Pap. Mis., MS., x. 1. June, the gov. appoints an encargado at $10 per month. Dept. Rec., MS., xii. 58. Mofras, Explor., i. 320, gives the pop. as 60 Ind. 1843. Estate turned over to the padres. This vol., p. 369. No particulars. 1844. Duran reports 200 Ind., no live-stock or cultivated lands, a vineyard of medium extent, administered by P. Moreno, very infirm, aided by Gomez, recently ordained as a clergyman. Pico (Pio), Doc., MS., 14. Aug., the small-pox had killed most of the Ind. and was still raging. Guerra, Doc., MS., vii. 17-18. 1843. April, P. Moreno denies that the padres have disposed of auy property, but the govt has sold all the lands. Arch. Sta B., MS., x. 185. June, Ind. ordered by gov. to reoccupy the mission within a month or the property will be sold. This vol., p. 549. Dec., mission sold to John Temple for $1, 110, including buildings, two vine- yards, etc., church property reserved. This vol., p. 552-3.

CHAPTER XXVII.

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE NORTH. 1841-1845.

POPULATION OF THE NORTH AND OF CALIFORNIA-MONTEREY DISTRICT- EVENTS AT THE CAPITAL-MILITARY ITEMS-PREFECTURE-MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS-LIST OF RANCHOS-SAN CARLOS-SAN LUIS OBISPO-A NEW PUEBLO-SALE OF EX-MISSION PROPERTY-SAN MIGUEL-SAN ANTONIO -SOLEDAD-SAN JUAN DE CASTRO-SANTA CRUZ-VILLA DE BRANCI- FORTE-SAN FRANCISCO DISTRICT-POPULATION-EVENTS-PUEBLO MAT- TERS-SUB-PREFECTURE-MILITARY-GROWTH OF YERBA BUENA-NEW CUSTOM-HOUSE-LAND GRANTS IN THE NORTH -- MISSION DOLORES-SAN RAFAEL-SOLANO-PUEBLO OF SONOMA-ROSS AND BODEGA-NEW HEL- VETIA-SAN JOSÉ MISSION-PADRES MURO, GUTIERREZ, AND QUIJAS -- SANTA CLARA-PADRE MERCADO-PUEBLO OF SAN JOSÉ.

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA, or the two districts of Mon- terey and San Francisco, formning the territorial basis of this chapter, may be regarded as having had a population of 3,550 gente de razon in 1845, besides nearly 400 foreigners, newly arrived and unsettled, or at least beyond the reach of Mexican registers, and about 1,300 ex-mission Indians, besides nearly as many more scattered in and near the settlements and ranchos, not nominally or wholly relapsed into barba- rism. Combining there figures with those of the pre- ceding chapter-3,350 de razon and 1,880 Indians- we have for the population of California at the end of the period 6,900 gente de razon and 3,180 Indians with a nearly equal surplus as explained above. The foreign population has been given elsewhere as 680, of which number I suppose that somewhat less than half should be included in the figures given above.

( 649 )

650

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE NORTH.

The Monterey district gained in population, by es- timate, for there are no contemporary padrones except at Santa Cruz, from 1,600 in 1830 to 1,950 in 1845, this number being made up of 750 in town-or nearly 1,000 during the stay of Micheltorena's battalion in 1843-4-775 at the ranchos and ex-missions, 75 at San Juan, and 350 at Branciforte. There were also about 450 ex-neophytes living at or near the ex-mis- sions or as servants in town, while other Indians scattered in the district could not have been much less in number. There were probably over a hun- dred foreigners whose names and residence were known.

Events at Monterey, by reason of its position as capital and chief port, were in many instances of de- partmental as well as local interest and importance, and have therefore been pretty fully recorded in other parts of this volume. They are, however, summa- rized and indexed with a supplemental mention of minor happenings in the appended note, which con- tains also details respecting military matters, munici- pal affairs, and private ranchos of the district.1 1841

1 Summary of Monterey events. 1841. Matters connected with the Graham exiles of the preceding year; visits of French, English, and U. S. men-of-war. This vol., p. 33-40. Visit of Douglas and his plans for a H. B. Co. establishment. Id., 211, 216. Douglas' description of a visit to the Salinas Valley. Journal, MS., 102-3. July, order of the gov. to build a block of 80x30 varas for barracks and offices at an estimated cost of $10,000. Dept. St. Pap., Ben., MS., iii. 168. Aug., estimates and specifications for rebuilding custom-house $2,400. Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxxiii. 229. Earthquake on May 12th. This vol., p. 249. Visit of Duflot de Mofras, whose work contains a view of the town. Id., 249-52. 1842. Prudon's experience as Vallejo's commissioner for Mex. Id., 281-5. Meeting of the junta departa- mental and tribunal superior. Id., 295-6. Capture and restoration of the town by Com. Jones in Oct. Id., 298-329. A large lithographic view by one of Jones' officers hangs in my library. Visit of Dr Sandels, the 'King's Orphan.' Id., 346. Dr Maxwell, on Jones' fleet, in his Monterey in '43, MS., 21, speaks of a man engaged in collecting curiosities for the German princes, who was shot through the lung by an arrow in the Salinas valley. Dr M. attended him and extracted the arrow by 'pusl ing it through.' I do not know that Sandcls had such an adventure, or who else the scientist could have been. Visit of Sir Geo. Simpson. This vol., p. 218 et seq. In his Narrative, i. 343-71, Simpson gives much descriptive matter from which I quote as follows: The town 'is a mere collection of buildings, scattered as loosely on the surface as if they were so many bullocks at pasture; so that the most expert surveyor could not possibly classify them even into crooked streets. The dwellings, some of which attain the dignity of a second story, are all built of adobes, being sheltered on every side from the sun by over- hanging eaves, while toward the rainy quarter of the s. E. they enjoy the

651

MONTEREY ANNALS.

is marked by the return of the Graham exiles, and, like the next year, by the visits of several foreigners who have made public their experiences and observa-

additional protection of boughs of trees, resting like so many ladders on the roof.' ... 120 earthquakes in two months of last season, but not severe. ' Externally the habitations have a cheerless aspect in consequence of the pau- city of windows ... As to public buildings this capital of a province may, with a stretch of charity, be allowed to possess four. First is the church, part of which is going to decay, while another part is not yet finished; its only peculiarity is that it is built, or rather half-built, of stone. Next comes the castle, consisting of a small house, surrounded by a low wall, all of adobes. It commands the town and anchorage, if a garrison of 5 soldiers and a battery of 8 or 10 rusty and honey-combed guns can be said to com- mand anything. Third is the guard-honse, a paltry mud hut, without win- dows. Fourth and last stands the custom-house, which is, or rather promises to be, a small range of decent offices; for though it has been building for 5 years it is not yet finished. .. After mass the pastor and his flock went to christen a bridge, which had lately been thrown over the little river of the town, and was now gayly decorated with banners, etc., for the occasion ... The only seminary of education in the province is a petty school at Monterey.' On other general and commercial matters, impressions of individuals, and the visitor's personal experiences something is given elsewhere in this and other volumes. Forbes appointed British vico-consul to reside here. This vol .. p. 384. 1843. Arrival of Gov. Micheltorena and his army. Id., 354 et seq. Financial troubles, and meeting of the junta económica. Id., 357 et seq. Sessions of the juuta departamental and elections. Id., 360 et seq. Complaints of citizens of depredations of Ind. horse-thieves. Id., 361. Ex- cesses by Micheltorena's cholos; Id., 364 et seq. Grand celebration of the fiesta of Sept. 16th, described by Torre. Remin., MS., 114-15. John A. Swan in his Monterey in 1843 gives a good sketch of affairs as he found them at his arrival. Josiah Belden, Hist. Statement, MS., 40, also writes from memory of the town and region in 1843. 1844. Events of Micheltorena's rule; his plan for a school of high grade; rumors of revolt in Jan. and arrest of Alvarado; counter-revolt of the cholos in Aug. ; preparations for war with the U. S .; sessions of the junta departamental; agitation of the question of Monterey vs Los Angeles as capital. Id., 401-12. Visit of the bishop. Id., 427. Visit of the U. S. man-of-war. Id., 567-8. Outbreak of the revoln- tion against Micheltorena, Nov .- Dec. Id., 458-83 passim. Ravages of the small-pox during the summer. Bidwell says it was brought by Larkin from Mazatlan, and that about 80 died. Streeter claims to have vaccinated 300 in Larkin's parlor. Torre notes the establishment of a hospital by the ayunt. The pest was especially fatal among the Ind. I find nothing of this in the archives. Bidwell's Cal., MS., 138-9; Streeter's Recoll., MS., 27-9; Torre, Remin., MS., 110-13. Some descriptive matter on Monterey affairs in Wood's Wand. Sk., 212 et seq. 1845. Micheltorena declares martial law and leaves Monterey to fight the rebels in Jan. This vol., p. 437-8. Returns in March to take a final departure with his cholo battalion. Id., 512. Monterey affairs during the governor's absence Jan .- March; Andres Pico takes command. Id., 514-16. Junta de guerra in May to discuss prospects of a war with U. S. Id., 524, 601. Elections of Ang. 17th and Sept. 7th. Pablo de la Guerra and Joaquin Escamilla being chosen electores de partido. Doc. Hist. Cal., MS., ii. 94; Castro, Doc., MS., i. 149. In May P. Real makes an appeal to the gov. in behalf of the church needs, and a popular subscription is author- ized. Dept. St. Pap., MS., vi. 83. Oct. 19th, jucz de paz of 'pueblo del Refugio' reports an attack by 8 Ind. from the salinas, and asks for troops. Dor. Ilist. Cal., MS., ii. 199. $5,000 had been spent on a wharf-the money being raised by a tax of $50 per month on vessels-which was perhaps com-

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History of California, Volume IV, Part 67

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe Publication date: 1885 Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers Number of Pages: 820

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 820