History of California, Volume IV, Part 64

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 820

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Ranchos of the S. Diego district in 1841-5. See p. 611, vol. iii. for ranchos granted before 1840, and about which there is no definite information during this period. Agua Caliente, 6 leagues granted in 1844 to José Ant. Pico and J. J. Warner, the latter being claimant before the land commission. Agua Hedionda, 3 leagues, granted in 1842 to J. M. Marron, who was claimant be- fore L. C. Buenavista, ¿ league, granted 1845 to Felipe; Jesus Machado claim- ant before L. C. Cajon, 11 leagues, granted in 1845 to María Ant. Estudillo de

621

PRIVATE RANCHOS.

citizens, promoted to the governorship. Indian dep- redations as I have said were comparatively slight, and not only were the dozen or more ranchos reoccu- pied by their owners, but more than twenty new grants were made by Alvarado, Micheltorena, and Pico. Prominent happenings were the bishop's arrival and that of the governor, the visit of Duflot de Mofras, and Phelps' exploit at the time of the American in- vasion. At the end of each year a juez de paz, popu- larly known as alcalde, was appointed by the prefect at Los Angeles to manage local affairs for the next year; and the successive incumbents of the office were Aguilar, Góngora, Ortega, Marron, and Alva- rado. In July 1845 San Diego was deemed worthy

Pedrorena; heirs of Miguel Pedrorena claimants. Cañada de los Coches, 400 varas, granted in 1843 to Apolinaria Lorenzana; Lestrade claimant. Cuca, ¿ league, granted in 1845 to María Juan de Los Angeles, who was the claimant. Cuyamaca, 11 leagues, granted in 1845 to Agustin Olvera, who was the claimant. Encinitos, 1 league, granted in 1842 to Andrés Ibarra, who was the claimant. Guajome, 1 league, granted in 1845 to Andrés and José Manuel; Andrés et al. claimants. Gucjito y Cañada de Palomía, 3 leagues, granted in 1845 to José María Orozco; claimant George W. Hamley. Laguna, 3 leagues, granted in 1844 to J. Manriquez; claimant Abel Stearns. Nacion, 6 leagues, granted in 1845 to John Forster, who was the claimant. Pauba, 6 leagues, granted in 1844-6 to V. Marago (?) and Luis Arenas; claimant Louis Vignes. Pauma, 3 leagues, granted in 1844 to J. A. Serrano et al., who were the claimants. Rincon del Diablo, 3 leagues, granted in 1843 to Juan B. Alvarado, whose heirs were claimants. San Bernardino, 4 leagues, granted in 1842, 1845, to Jose F. Snook, whose widow was the claimant. San Dieguito, 2 leagues, granted in 1845 to Juan M. Osuna, whose heirs were claimants. San Jacinto, 4 leagues, granted in 1842 to José A. Estudillo, who was the claimant. San Jacinto y San Gregorio, granted in 1843 to Santiago Johnson; Louis Robidoux, claimant. S. Juan Capistrano, mission granted in 1845 to John Forster, who was cl .; Mision Vicja, or La Paz, to Agustin Olvera, cl. Forster; Potre- ros de S. Jnan Cap., Forster; and a lot to A. Rios in 1843. Santa Isabel, 4 leagues, granted in 1844 to J. J. Ortega and Edward Stokes, who were the claimants. Santa Margarita and Las Flores, granted in 1841 to Pio and Andrés Pico, who were the claimants. In March 1841 the Picos asked to ex- change Temecula for Sta Margarita, paying for improvements on the latter. Dept. St. Pap., Ben., P. y J., MS., iv. 5. Temécula, 6 leagues, granted in 1844 to Felix Valdes; Louis Vignes claimant. Julian Manrique claimed the land under an earlier grant. See Dept. Rec., MS., xiv. 35, 39; Dept. St. Pap., Pref. y Juzg., MS., ii. 109. Temécula, ¿ league, granted in 1845 to Pablo Apis (Ind.) who was the claimant. Tia Juana, abandoned by Arguello on account of Ind. hostilities, and 'denounced' by J. A. Aguirre in 1843. Argu- ello protesting. The courts decided in Aguirre's favor, but Gov. Micheltorena gave Arguello 6 months time to renew his possession, which he apparently accomplished. Hayes' Em. Notes, 517-22. Valle de Pamo, 4 leagues, granted in 1843 to J. J. Ortega and Edward Stokes, who were the claimants. See land com. records in Hoffman's Reports. All the grants mentioned above were finally confirmed. See also S. Diego Index, MS., 119-23, for reference to doc. on land grants, including pueblo lots.

622

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE SOUTH.

of being made a partido of the Los Angeles district, of which Captain Arguello was appointed sub-prefect, proceeding with the least possible delay to quarrel with the juez de paz.

At Mission San Diego Father Vicente Pascual Oliva continued his ministry in 1841-5, and from 1843 managed also the meagre remnant of tempo- ralities, Juan María Osuna having served as major- domo in 1841 and probably until the padre took charge in April 1843. Mofras gives the number of Indians in the community as 500 in 1842, and an official report of 1844 as 100. The mission retained the ranchos of Santa Isabel and El Cajon until 1844-5, and apparently an interest in certain por- tions later. It was the father's boast that he in- creased the value of the property, though there were only ten head of cattle when he took charge. Of events there are none to be recorded.3

Padre Francisco Gonzalez de Ibarra served at San Luis Rey until his death in 1842 at the age of 60 years. Mofras speaks of the deplorable condition of this friar whom he saw "forced to sit at the admin- istrator's table and listen to the ribaldry of major- domos and vaqueros who would have thought them- selves lucky a few years before to have been the father's servants."4 After his death Padre Zalvidea

3 May 1841. Osuna majordomo at a salary of $240. The padre reports the mission unable to pay the salary. St. Pap., Miss., MS., ix. 10-12. l'os- sibly therefore O. left the place before 1843. May 7th, José Fidel, a missiou Ind., accused of stealing cattle, which he denied. The authorities 'took the precaution to apply an arbitrary punishment of some azotes,' when he con- fessed and was sentenced to work 48 days for Alvarado and pay a fine of $3. S. D. Arch., MS., 276. July, an Ind. complains that the majordomo keeps him at the mission, though he has the papers to prove himself a free man. Also that the maj. owes him $19 which he will not pay. Hayes' Miss. B., 353. 1842. Mofras' stateinent of population. Explor., i. 320. 1843. This mission and others turned over to the padres by Micheltorena's order of March 29th. This vol., p. 369. 1844. Estado of southern missions dated March 1Sth. S. Diego has 100 Ind. and no means to support them. Pico, Doc., MS., i. 14; this vol., p. 422. June 1845. P. Oliva's report on the condition of the mis- sion. Arch. Sta B., MS., x. 18S-9; this vol., p. 548.

+ Francisco Gonzalez de Ibarra was a native of Viana, Spain, born in 1782. Ho became a Franciscan in the province of Burgos, came to Mexico in 1819, and to California in 1820. Regarded at the time of bis arrival as a promising

623

SAN LUIS REY.

came from San Juan to take his place, serving until after 1845. This mission had 650 Indians in 1842 and 400 in 1844, the establishment at Las Flores be- ing ineluded in both cases. José A. Estudillo served as majordomo until required under Micheltorena's or- der to turn over the property to Zalvidea in April 1843; but the padre immediately put everything in charge of a new majordomo in the person of Joaquin Ortega, who in turn was succeeded by Juan M. Mar- ron in July 1845.5 The destruction of mission prop-

missionary, active and of fair talent. Payera's report of Dec. 31, 1820, in Arch. Sta B., MS., iii. 126-7. After visiting S. Luis Obispo he became min- ister of S. Fernando, where he served from 1820 to 1835, when lie retired to Mexico. He came back in time to perform the burial service for Padre Cabot in Oct. 1836; but nothing more is known of him till 1839, from which date he served at San Luis Rey until his death in 1842. His death was a sudden one, from apoplexy. The date is only known from the statement by Estudillo, Datos, MS., 35, who remembers that his father the majordomo took charge of $3,000 or $4,000 left by the padre, giving it up to the Los Angeles authorities. Moreover Iharra was seen by Mofras in Jan., Explor., i. 343, and is not mentioned in any later record than 1842. At S. Fernando he was known as an efficient manager, and was not an unpopular man. He was nicknamed Padre Napoleon from his disposition to boast and insist ou the superiority of everything at his own mission, and also for the independent style in which he criticised the acts of the authorities in secularizing the mis- sion and disposing of its lands. Mrs Ord remembers him as jolly and full of fun. Julio Cesar says he was well liked by the Ind. at S. Luis, and was called by them Tequedeuma, indicating a plain, unassuming man. Robinson only, Life in Cal., 34-5, speaks unfavorably of him as 'a short, thick, ugly- looking old man, whose looks did not belie his character,' nicknamed El Cochino for his meanness; but he had an immense quantity of hides and tal- low which he would not part with on what seemed to the supercargo fair terms, and this circumstance may have had some effect on the latter's criti- cism.

5 1841. J. A. Estndillo majordomo. according to many records. April, valuation of property: vines $3,000, trees $100, fence $100, honse $100, total $3,300. Dept. St. Pap., Ang., MS., vi. ]. March and April, gov. through prefect orders that two arbitrators go to Sta Margarita and appraise the value of property there, for which the Picos are to pay the Ind., the consent of the latter being taken before a magistrate. Hayes' Miss. B., 318; S. D. Index, MS., 137. I think the preceding valuation of $3,300 may refer to Sta Mar- garita. May, five Ind. sent to the jnez at Los Angeles for stealing Pico's cattle, after they had already worked in chains at the mission for a month and received 50 lashes from the majordomo, who had no right to punish prisoners. S. D. Arch., MS., 276-7. July, order to collect all the scattered Ind. Los Angeles Arch., MS., ii. 80-1. July 26th, deerce of gov. releasing a S. Luis Ind. from his condition as neophyte. Bandini, Doc., MS., 52. Oct., receipts $24, expend. $6; Nov., recpts $11, expend. $5; Dec., recpts $7, expend. 84; Jan. 1842, recpts $39, expend. $302; Feb., recpts $21, expend. $8. St. Pup., Miss., MS., ix. 12-13. 1842. See plans and views of S. Luis in Mofras' ant Robinson's works. The former is in some respects very inaccurate, but has been often reproduced. 1843. April 22d, Estudillo turns over the property to P. Zalvidea, and the latter on the same day to Joaquin Ortega. Dept. St.

624

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE SOUTH.

erty was constant, and is said to have been especially rapid under the administration of Ortega, who of all the vast herds and flocks possessed by this establish- ment in earlier times turned over to his successor only 250 cattle and about the same number of horses. Meanwhile all the mission ranchos had passed into private ownership.

At San Juan Capistrano Father José María Zalvi- dea served as minister until the latter part of 1842, when he went to San Luis Rey as before mentioned, and San Juan had no padre for the rest of the period. The padre had about $2,000 in Spanish onzas buried at the mission, which treasure gave rise to some rather curious controversies.6 In 1840 as we have seen Father Zalvidea had been put in temporary charge of

Pap., Ben., MS., ii. 40-3; Dept. Rec., MS., xiii. 46, 56; this vol., p. 369, 371. May, Ortega complains that the mission has no resources, grain for only two months, no implements or clothing. The gov. iu reply authorizes him to buy or borrow implements, and places $S00 at his disposal to clothe the Ind., half going to the Pala Ind. Ib. June, contract of P. Zalvidea with J. M. Osuna and José Lopez, by which the former receives 89 and the latter 50 head of mission cattle on shares, the mission to get half the increase. Marron, Pap., MS., 1. 1844. Very little property left, with 400 scattered Ind., adminis- tered by P. Zalvidea in his dotage. Pico, Doc., MS., 14. 1845. July 20th, the property is turned over by Ortega to his successor Juan Maria Marron, whose salary is $300. Inventory, 279 horses, 20 mules, 61 asses, 196 eattle, 27 yoke oxen, 700 sheep, some implements and other effects of slight value. Estudillo, Datos, MS., 40-1; St. Pap., Miss., MS., xi. 59; Dept. Rec., MS., xiv. 62; Marron, Pap., MS., 1-2.

6 Janssens, Vida, MS., 169-75, gives a full account. The money had been entrusted to him by the padre to avoid the importunities of borrowers, and he had buried it in his room. Having to go to Monterey on official business, J. told the padre where the money was before starting. In the north he heard that he was accused of having fled with the coin, and in returning he had some difficulty in avoiding arrest. At S. Juan, Zalvidea on hearing the rumors declared J. innocent, but in doing so incautiously revealed the hiding- place, and the money was soon dug up by thieves. Bandini was summoned, and succeeded in recovering most of the coin, hut kept the matter quiet in the interest of certain parties implicated in the theft. The only other ver- sion is that of Juan Bandini in a long letter of July 8, 1842, to José de la Guerra in Guerra, Doc., MS., v. 124-9. He says he was summoned by the padre, anxious about his treasure in view of Janssens' departure, and in the presence of witnesses dug up the money, which was found to be 6 ounces short. At Zalvidea's request he took charge of the amount and gave it to Abel Stearns for safe keeping; but soon he found himself the object of accu- sations. It seems that he was charged with so arranging the matter as to be able to keep the money in case of the padre's death; and Father Duran wrote a very bitter and insulting letter, which filled Don Juan with wrath, and in the letter from which these facts are taken he announces his purpose to come to Sta Bárbara for satisfaction, and to have it settled whether he is a picaro or Fr Narciso an impostor.

625

SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO.

the temporalities, and had appointed Janssens major- domo. This management lasted until past the middle of 1841, though meanwhile preparations were being slowly made for the complete emancipation of the Indians that had been promised, and the whole estab- lishment was drifting to ruin.7 There was no lack of applications for grants of the few mission ranchos; and citizens of the district petitioned for the privilege of becoming settlers at the proposed town. About the middle of June the prefect, by the governor's or- ders, sent Agustin Olvera as a comisionado to distrib- ute the San Juan lands among the ex-neophytes, about 100 in number, and some forty petitioners de

" Janssens in his Vida, MS., 164-8, gives many details of his appointment and experience, claiming to have accomplished great things during his man- agement, bringing back refugees, building fences, repairing the ditches, cloth- ing the Ind., and accomplishing all kinds of reform, greatly to the joy of the padre and of all concerned, though some of the neighbors ridiculed his zeal, and predicted that all his efforts would go for nothing. And such proved to be the case, for soon orders for the delivery of cattle began to come in which J. refused to obey, and then came the order to form a pueblo after J. liad vainly applied for a lease of 6 years, binding himself to return the property in an improved condition, and assuring the gov. that there was no real necessi- ty for selling the mission estates. Very likely Janssens exaggerates the value of his services. He claims that the final secularization was effected by bim- self as representing Bandini.

Jan Ist, gov. approves majordomo's act in effecting a loan to purchase needed articles. Janssens, Doc., MS., 52. Jan. 21st, P. Zalvidea to gov., bas bought 800 cattle with the sum allotted for worship and padre's support, and has sent them to the Ciénega to be pastured. Dept. St. Pap., MS., v. 47. Jan. 22d, neophytes complain that several men are trying to get grants of mission lands. The padre asks that this be stopped. Id., 48. March 14th, prefect orders that Janssens be prevented from taking Ind. from S. Jaan, which he bas no authority to do. Los Ang., Arch., MS., ii. 44-5. March 22d, Zalvidea asks that Argüello and Estudillo be ordered to remove their cattle from Trabuco and the Mision Vieja. Dept. St. Pap., MS., v. 53. Jane 7th, gov. orders maj. to deliver to Sant. Argüello 30 fillies on account of pay due him. Janssens, Dor., MS., 52. June, José Sepúlveda bas a claim to only the Cienega de las Ranas rancho and not to El Toro and Niguil. Toro be- longs to Trabuco. Dept. St. Pap., Ang., MS., vi. 46; Los Ang., Arch., MS., ii. 50-1, 62-4. July 5th, majordomo says that worms have destroyed all the crops, and the Ind. have left the mission. Asks that aid be obtained from S. Luis where there is abundance. St. Pap., Mis., MS., xi. 46-7.

May 10ch, gov. decides, at the request of S. Diego vecinos, to dissolve the S. Juan community. The prefect and juez de paz are to see that the Ind. have their lands assigned provisionally pending permanent regulations from the govt. The prefect to send a comisionado to act with the adminis- trator and see that the Ind. have the same rights as those de razon. Dept. St. Pap., Aug., MS., xii. 54. May 21st, prefect publishes the order of May 10th. S. Dieg , Index, MS., 137; Hayes' Miss. B., 126. June 7th, Jesus Moreno appointed to inform vecinos that their petition has been granted, and they are to come to S. Juan on the 14th, to take temporary possession. Id., 127-8, HIST CAL., VOL. IV. 40

626

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE SOUTH.

razon, only a small part of whom ever came to occupy their lots. At the end of July regulations were pub- lished, and soon, probably in August or September,

121-2. Probably lands were assigned on the 14th. June 30th, petition to be admitted as new settlers at S. Juan from A. Janssens, Feliciano Rojas, Teorlosio Yorba, José Cañedo, José M. Cañedo, Juan M. Cañedo, José A. Serrano, José Cristan, Severiano Rios, Miguel Verdugo, Eugenio Arce, José A. Yorba, Antonio Coronel, and Francisco Ocampo. Granted in a marginal note by prefect. Other similar petitions, and July 12th, a list by Agustin Olvera (who was apparently the commissioner) of all who received lands, from 100 to 300 varas each, as follows: Andrés Pico, Tomás Gutierrez, Ricardo Peña, José Lopez, Carlos Silvas, Juan M. Marron, Jesus Moreno, Ramon Silvas, Ramon Argüello, Sant. Argiiello, Sant. E. Argüello, José A. Estudillo, Narciso Botello, Juan Dandini, Agustin Olvera, Joaquin de los Rios, José Alipas, Rosario Aguilar, Blas Aguilar, Antonio Valenzuela, and the 14 already named, besides 5 free neophytes. Also list of the neophytes, each family receiving 100 varas, and each individual 50 varas, the whole amounting to 9,775 varas. Dept. St. Pup., MS., xviii. 43-53. The Ind. had the preference, and chose the eastern valley. Hayes' Miss. B., 121-2. July 11tb, Manuel Castañares, apparently a special comisionado, reports to the gov. that the only property belonging to the ex-mission was 5 yoke of oxen; apparently no assets and no debts. There were still living in community 26 married men, 7 widowers, and 5 single men, a total of 38 besides 4 gentiles; no. of women and children not given. C. says he assembled the people on the 10th; told them the govt. was about to give them their liberty, appointed Julian captain and alcalde, but told thein till the documents should come they must live as before. Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxxiii. 216-17. July 20th, gov. to the encargado, announcing that Bandini has orders to emancipate the Ind., examine accounts, etc. Janssens, Doc., MS., 5-6.

July 29th, regulations issned by Gov. Alvarado. 'Articulos que provision- almente deben observarse en el nuevo arreglo del establecimiento de S. Juan Capistrano.' Lands to be held as already assigned by the prefect's comisio- nado. Crops to be distributed according to comisionado's judgment until each native can cultivate his own land. Live-stock and implements, not being sufficient for distribution, to be kept by com. and furnished as needed. Or- chards and vineyards devoted to worship and the padre's support, and to be rented by the govt in accord with the padre. Manufacturing implements etc. to be kept in the rooms where they now are for use of Ind. workmen. Shecp may be entrusted to some person who will receive § of the increase, and will deliver the wool for use in the weaving establishment. One third of blankets etc., manufactured to be delivered to padre for use of poor and old Ind. Of the buildings & will serve for the padre's dwelling, } for some Ind. families, and § to the com. in which to accommodate travellers, or to be rented to fami- lies de razon and the rent applied to repairs. No buildings, even in ruins, to be sold without authority of the govt. The govt to assign lands outside of those granted to the settlers for ejidos and propios of the pueblo. No Ind. can work for a private individual without a boleta from the com. expressing the name of the employer. Any lands abandoned by either Ind. or gente de razon for a year will belong to the pueblo and may be rented at a moderate rate, the original owner having the preference. The govt to appoint a juez de paz to be subject to the cabecera of the district. 17 articles in Dept. St. Pap., MS., xviii. 48-51.

Oct. 12th, Bandini's report. He visited S. Juan, and assembling the Ind. found that 70 desired a pueblo and 30 old men and women opposed the change. After B. 's reading and explanation of the regulations some of the latter changed their minds and B. formally declared the ex-mission a pueblo (no exact date). He found that Janssens had been inciting the Ind. against the change and

627

PUEBLO OF SAN JUAN.

Juan Bandini was sent to supervise the formal foun- dation of the pueblo, named San Juan de Argüello in honor of Don Santiago and his family. Bandini remained until March, 1842, in charge of the slight remnants of community property; then for a month or two Zalvidea, with Janssens as juez interino, managed affairs; but the padre soon went to S. Luis, and Agustin Olvera was made juez de paz. From this time not much is known of pueblo annals, except that half-a-dozen families of gente de razon and twenty or more of ex-neophytes lived quietly, if not very prosperously, at San Juan, under Olvera as juez in 1842-3, Rosario Aguilar in 1843-4, Emigdio Véjar in 1844-5, and John Forster from July 1845. Finally in December the ex-mission buildings and gardens were sold to Forster and Mckinley by order

schieming to retain his place as majordomo; therefore he removed J., ordering him to present himself with his unintelligible accounts to the govt, and ap- pointed Santiago E. Argüello to take the place. At this time only the ex- neophytes and 4 or 5 families de razon who had lived at S. Juan for some time, had occupied their lauds. There were now 325 sheep and 146 horses. Ban- diai resigns his office and recommends Argüello for a successor. The resigna- tion is accepted in a marginal note. Id., 51-2. Jan. 2, 1842, Bandini had reconsidered his resignation at request of govt and taken up his residence at S. Juan. The pueblo badly demoralized, scoundrels having entered under pretence of being settlers, and vice and crime being prevalent. No man here fit for juez de paz. St. Pap., Miss., MS., xi. 38-42.

March 7, 1842, Bandini has surrendered everything to Zalvidea, who has appointed Jaussens, and B. has recognized J. as 'encargado de policia.' Dept. St. Pap., Ang., MS., vi. 101-2. March 18th Janssens' appointment as juez interino approved by prefect. Los Ang. Arch., MS., ii. 185. May 30th, Ban- dini's resignation accepted. Dept. Rec., MS., xii. 51. April 23d, Agustin Olvera appointed juez de paz of S. Juan de Argüello with Santiago Rios as suplente. Dept. St. Pap., Ang., MS., vi. 108; Id., Pref. y Juzg., iii. 64. Dec. 10th, Olvera and Rios reappointed for 1843 by prefect, Id., 107, but in Jan. Olvera declines to serve. Id., Ang., MS., vii. 33. Yet Olvera was not excused and was serving in June 1843, when he sends a list of settlers who have failed to occupy their lands, with other matter, and again asks to be relieved. Dept. St. Pap., MS., xviii. 53-4. Rosario Aguilar appears to have been ap- pointed, since in Aug. he pleads incapacity and asks to be replaced. Id., Ang., vii. SS.

Jan. 1844. Aguilar ordered to surrender the juzgado to Emigdio Véjar. Id., viii. 4, 6, 16. In the report on southern missions in March 1844, S. Juan is said to be abandoned for want of a minister and its Ind. demoralized and disperse.l. Pico, Doc., MS., i. 14. July 11, 1343, Véjar ordered to give up the juzgado to John Forster. Dept. Rec., MS., xiv. 63, 65. Dec. 4th, sale of the mission buildings, furniture, and gardens to Jolin Forster and James McKinley for $710. This vol., p. 549-33; St. Pap., Miss., MS., xi. 66; Unb. Doc., MS., 390-1. Some old men acquainted with the facts say that the inission was not sold at this time. Hayes' Miss. B., 121.

628

LOCAL ANNALS OF THE SOUTH.

of the government, the first-named of the purchasers remaining in possession for many years.

Respecting the other pueblos of the district, Las Flores, San Dieguito, and San Pascual, we have a few meagre items for the years 1841-2, just enough to indicate their continued existence. After 1842 noth- ing appears in records of this period, though San Pascual certainly and Las Flores probably were not wholly abandoned until after 1845.8

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History of California, Volume IV, Part 64

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe Publication date: 1885 Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers Number of Pages: 820

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 820