USA > California > History of California, Volume IV > Part 9
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MISSION ANNALS AND INDIAN AFFAIRS.
Churuptoy, and the Guapos-who had voluntarily come to Sonoma for that purpose. The treaty pro- vided that there should be friendship between the tribes and the garrison, that the Cainameros and Guapos should live at peace and respect each other's territory, that the Indians should give up all fugitive Christians at the request of the comandante, and that they should not burn the fields. It does not appear that Vallejo in return promised anything more definite than friendship. Twenty days later the compact was approved by Governor Chico.54 A year later, in June 1837, Zampay, one of the chieftains of the Yoloytoy -town and rancheria of the Yoloy, perhaps meaning of the 'tules,' and which gave the name to Yolo county-became troublesome, committing many out- rages, and trying to arouse the Sotoyomes again. The head chief of the tribe, however, named Moti, offered to aid in his capture, which was effected by the combined forces of Solano and Salvador Vallejo. Zampay and some of his companions were held at first as captives at Sonoma; but after some years the chief, who had been the terror of the whole country, became a peaceful citizen and industrious farmer.55
In January 1838 Tobias, chief of the Guilucos, and one of his men were brought to Sonoma and tried for the murder of two Indian fishermen. 56 In March
54 Vallejo, Doc., MS., iii. 119, 217; Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Mil., MS., Ixxxi. 26-7.
55 June 25th-26th, M. G. Vallejo to Salvador and Jesus, his brothers. Va- llejo, Doc., MS., iv. 250, 256. July 26th, Alvarado thanks Salvador for his gallant achievement. Id., xxxii. 104. Salvador Vallejo, Notas, Hist., MS., 87-95, gives many details of the campaign. Vallejo, Hist. Cal., MS., iii. 230-8, 23S-9, tells us that just before this expedition he organized a company of 44 Suisunes and Napas, armed and equipped like Mexican soldiers, which was put under the command of Lieut Sabas Fernandez and given to Solano as a body-guard, mueh to his delight. This writer also relates, Id., p. 299-304, that Succara, chief of the Sotoyomes, frightened at Zampay's defeat, came to Sonoma and made a treaty, which in 11 articles is given. This may be a con- fused memory of the carlier treaty already noticed. A treaty of Dec. 1, 1837, with some eastern tribes, is also referred to in a letter of April 1, 1838. l'a- lejo, Doc., MS., v. 65.
66 Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 21. The sentence is not given. 5 years in the chain-gang for Tobias and death for his companion were demanded by Peña, the fiscal. The Guilucos were probably the natives of Guilitoy.
73
ON THE SONOMA FRONTIER.
some of the gentile allied tribes attacked the Moquel- umnes, recovered a few stolen horses, and brought them to Sonoma, where a grand feast was held for a week to celebrate their good deeds.57 In August, 50 Indian horse-thieves crossed the Sacramento and ap- peared at Soscol with a band of tame horses, their aim being to stampede the horses at Sonoma. Thirty- four were killed in a battle with Vallejo's men, and the rest surrendered, the chief of the robbers named Cumuchí being shot at Sonoma for his crimes.58 On October 6th Vallejo issued a printed circular, in which he announced that Solano had grossly abused his power and the trust placed in him, and broken sacred compacts made with the Indian tribes by consenting to the seizure and sale of children. Vallejo indig -. nantly denied the rumor that these outrages had been committed with his consent; declaring that Solano had been arrested, and that a force had been sent out to restore all the children to their parents.59
In May 1838 Vallejo announced in communica- tions sent to all parts of the country that the small- pox was raging on the northern frontier, and was kill- ing the Indians by hundreds. The pestilence had come from the English settlements by way of Ross. The importance of vaccination, cleanliness, temper- ance, and other preventive measures was urged upon
57 April 1, 1838. Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 65. The friendly tribes were the Ochejamnes and Sicomnes, acting under the treaty of Dec. 1837. The horse- stealing tribes were Moquelumnes, Sequak, Figüechek, Chapayasek, and Cu- lumuk.
58 Aug. 3, 1838, circular to authorities. Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 124. Cu- muchí confessed that there were large droves of stolen horses on the Sacra- mento in charge of the Moquelumnes. It seems that the Indians at first sur- rendered, and later made a treacherous attack, in which the 34 were killed. Mention also in Dept. St. Pap., MS., iv. 222.
59 Oct. 6th, Vallejo's circular. Earliest Print .; Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 194; xxxii. 156; S. Diego, Arch., MS., 208; Dept. St. Pap., Ang., MS., x. 23. In his Ilist. Cal., MS., iii. 329-38, Vallejo explains that 'certain persons' desir- ing to injure him brought sundry barrels of liquor to Soscol, made Solano and other chiefs drunk, and thus induced them to consent to the capture of the children, ahout 30 of whom were sold south of the bay. All were recov- ercd, and Solano after being sobered for a time in the calaboose was very penitent. Mention also in Alvarado, Hist. Cal., MS., iv. 216-17; Carrillo, Narrative, MS., 1-3; Fernandez, Cosas de Cal., MS., 96.
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MISSION ANNALS AND INDIAN AFFAIRS.
the people; and apparently the disease did not spread south of the bay at this time; though in addition to Vallejo's circular we have no further information, ex- cept the statement of several Californians that the northern Indians perished in large numbers.60 There is nothing to be said of Indian affairs on the Sonoma frontier in 1839-40, except that there are vague allu- sions to an expedition against the Sotoyomes; that during an attempted revolt of the native infantry company in April 1840, many of the number were killed in a fight, and nine were subsequently shot; and that perhaps one or two parties were sent out to aid John A. Sutter at his new establishment on the Sacramento.61 At Nueva Helvecia del Sacramento, . Sutter found the Indians somewhat hostile, and was obliged several times to attack them; but he adopted at the first a wise, liberal, and careful policy. He made treaties of alliance with the strongest bands. He aided the gentiles against the Christian Indians of San José, who sometimes came to steal women and commit other outrages, and afforded some protection indirectly to the Indian horse-thieves who respected his animals. He therefore had no troubles of suffi- cient importance to be specified here.62
South of the bay Indian horse-thieves-neophyte fugitives, as well as many still living at the missions, being in league with gentiles of the San Joaquin and
60 May 18, 23, 24, 1838, Vallejo to authorities. Dept. St. Pap., MS., iv. 205-6; Id., Ang., xi. 103; S. José, Arch., MS., v. 34; Mont. Arch., MS., vii. 70; S. Diego, Arch., MS., 199, 202; Vallejo, Doc., MS., iii. 32; xxxii. 134. Corporal Ignacio Miramontes is said to have brought the disease from Ross. Vallejo thinks 70,000 Indians died. Two of the political prisoners from the south were attacked at Sonoma. Vallejo, Hist. Cal., MS., iv. 222; Carrillo, Narrative, MS., 3-4; Fernandez, Cosas de Cal., MS., 48-9; Botello, Anales, MS., 84, 87; Alvarado, Hist. Cal., MS., iv. 161-6; Torre, Remin., MS., 204.
61 Vallejo, Doc., MS., viii. 192; xiv. 18; xxxiii. 56-7; Id., Hist. Cal., iv. 166-8; Dept. St. Pap., MS., v. 5.
62Sept. 10, 1840, Sutter to com. S. José, relating at some length his pro- ceedings against a party of S. José Indians. Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxxiii. 129. See also Sutter's Pers. Recol., Sutter's Diary, and account of his establish- ment, in chap. v. of this vol.
75
HORSE-THIEVES OF THE INTERIOR.
Sacramento valleys, and the latter being encouraged and aided by foreign vagabonds-were always busy and successful. Complaints were frequent, and raids of vengeance by citizens were equally so, the region of San José being the centre of operations on both sides. 63 Palomares, Amador, and García, old Indian- fighters, narrate many horrible details of the expedi- tions of these years, in which they took part, showing that the culprits when captured were often treated with barbarous cruelty.64 In July 1838 the Indians went so far as to sack the ranchos of Pacheco and Sanchez near San Juan Bautista, killing one white man, outraging several women, burning the buildings, and destroying all they could lay their hands on.65
In 1839 matters became worse, so far as thefts were concerned.66 After long preparations and much cor- respondence, Colonel Castro sent a large force under captains Buelna and Estrada against the depredators in June. The expedition was to the region of Kings River; but we know no other result than that Es- trada brought in seventy-seven prisoners, chiefly women and children.67 In July a party called Yoz- colos attacked the neophytes guarding the wheat-
63 Aug. 21, 1836, complaints to ayunt. of S. José. Dept. St. Pap., MS., iv. 122-4. May. 1838, the Moquelumne chiefs, Sinato, Nilo, and Crispo, as horse-thieves. Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxxii. 131. July, Yozcolo, Drogo, and other Christians of the ranchos committing great outrages. Id., xxxii. 146. Aug. Ist, outrages continue, including murder and burning, as well as theft. Id., v. 122. Aug. 16th, Ambrosio, the Moquelumne chief, captured and shot, having attacked a rancho and killed one person. St. Pap., Miss., MS., x. 5. Sept. 19th, Castro on the march with 25 men to check Ind. aggressions. Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 177. Oct. 11th, exped. of 80 men sent from S. José. Id., v. 201. Oct. 22d, the expedition brought back 78 horses. Id., v. 211.
64 Amador, Memorias, MS., 29-41; Palomares, Memorias, MS., 13-17; García, Hechos, MS., 74-81.
63 Vallejo, Doc., MS., v. 116-17, 129; Id., Hist. Cal., iii. 378-80; Hartnell, Narrativa, MS., 5. Sanchez's rancho had also been attacked in March 1837, and two Indians killed. The riflemen at Monterey insisted on receiving $2 each before pursuing the Indians.
66 Feb. 24th, alcalde of S. José to gov. Has given instructions to exter- minate all male thieves from 10 years up, and to capture all women and chil- dren. Dept. St. Pap., MS., xvii. 46-7.
67 Corres. April to July, in Vallejo, Doc., MS., vi. 491, 114-19; vii. 74-6, 146-9, 234, 330; Dept. St. Pap., S. José, MS., v. 23-4; Id., Ben. Pref. y Juzg., iii. 3; v. 6. Estrada's expedition went far into the sierra, but was compelled to return by insubordination of the troops. He had 80 men. Alf. Prado Mesa seems to have gone in a different direction, killing a few Indians.
76
MISSION ANNALS AND INDIAN AFFAIRS.
fields at Santa Clara, killing one of the number; but they were pursued, and the head of the leader, Dios- culo, or Yozcolo, was set up on a pole at the mission. 63 In December Prado Mesa, while on an expedition against thieves on the Rio de Estanislao, was sur- prised by the foe, had three men killed, was wounded, as were six of his men, and lost many of his weap- ons. 69 This disaster caused much excitement and alarm. The Indians became bolder than ever, though early in 1840 a successful warfare seems to have been waged against them in different directions.70 Subse- quently a regular patrol was established between San José and San Juan for the protection of the ranchos. The records are vague and fragmentary; but the in- dications are that depredations continued unabated throughout 1840.71
Farther south troubles were chiefly with Indians from abroad, the Chaguanosos from the New Mexi-
68 St. Pap., Miss., MS., ix. 60-1; Vallejo, Doc., MS., viii. 4, 41. Aug. 21st, a party of 75 men returned to S. José from the pursuit of 11 runaways, of whom 2 were killed. The Moquelumnes said to have killed their cap- tains, who were friendly. Id., viii. 46. I have elsewhere noticed Wm H. Davis' version of this affair, which he puts at an earlier date.
69 Vallejo, Doc., MS., xxv. 249; viii. 368, 373, 375, 382, 394-5; S. José, Arch., MS., i. 43-46; Dept. Rec., MS., x. 17; Dept. St. Pap., Mont., MS., iv. 19; Dept. St. Pap., MS., iv. 286. One of the wounded men, Desiderio Briones, was left but not apparently captured. He was found seven days later by a party under Francisco Palomares. The three men killed were vol- unteer citizens, whose names are not given.
70 Vallejo, Hist. Cal., MS., iv. 28-30, says that J. J. Vallejo repulsed the Indians as they approached the southern ranchos, and Lient Martinez a little later defeated them near Mt Diablo, his report being dated Feb. 7th, and Marsh with other Americans rendering valuable service. Jan. 6th, Felipe Briones was killed on the Cerro de Bolbones while trying to recover his horses from the Indians. Vallejo, Doc., MS., ix. 20.
71 April 1840, gov. alarmed. Arms purchased. Honolulu Polynesian, ii. 90. May 16th, an exped. of 25 soldiers and 100 Ind. to start on 19th from S. José. Vallejo, Doc., MS., ix. 139. July, payments for service and for ammunition used in the Tulares. Dept. St. Pap., Ben. Com. and Treas., MS., iv. 33-6. July 4th, patrol from S. Juan to S. José, with instructions to offi- cers. Dept. St. Pap., MS., v. 14; Id., Mont., iii. 83-90; July 18th, every owner of 2 horses must furnish one for the expedition. Sta Cruz, Arch., MS., 1. Ang. 4th-15th, Capt. Antonio Buelna with a force of citizens made an un- successful raid to the two rivers. S. José, Arch., MS., iii. 39. Oct. 21st, an armed force of friendly Indians to start ou the 25th. Vallejo, Doc., MS., ix. 287. Nov. 11th, the expedition succeeded in killing 4 notorious horse-thieves. Id., ix. 309. Nov., auxiliary force organized against Ind. to be disbanded. S. José, Arch., MS., iii. 103; Dept. Rec., MS., xi. 27. Dec. 29th, an Ind. force may be organized, and a gratuity paid. Dept. Rec., MS., xi. 54-5.
77
THE CHAGUANOSOS.
can regions.72 Their operations hardly belong to the topie of Indian affairs at all. They were ostensibly traders, under Canadian chiefs, and in league with the roving bands of trappers. They were well armed, ready for any kind of profitable adventure or specu- lation, and rendered service on several occasions to the abajeños, both against the northern forces and hos- tile Indians; but they allowed nothing to interfere long or seriously with their regular business of steal- ing horses, in the prosecution of which they employed both gentiles and neophytes. Their greatest exploit, and indeed the only clearly defined one during this period, was the stealing of twelve hundred horses from San Luis Obispo in April 1840.73 An effort was made at Los Angeles to pursue the culprits. Several parties were sent out, and one of them seems to have come in sight of the foe retiring deliberately and in- dependently with the stolen animals; but the pursu- er's thought it imprudent to risk a conflict, especially when they saw that among the Chaguanosos there were more Americans than Indians.74 Early in 1837 there had also been a raid on the horses of San Fer- nando, in defending which, unsuccessfully, two Ind- ians were killed. In this case also many gente de razon were reported among the raiders.75
I find no record of extraordinary drought or flood, or other noticeable peculiarities of any season in 1836- 40, except that the winter of 1838-9 seems to have been wet in the south.76 An earthquake was felt at
72 Apparently the Shawnees. Called Chaguanos in the Sonorense, April 4, 1851. The name is often written Chahuanos; and they are sometimes spokeu of as natives of Chihuahua. Mofras calls them Schaouanos.
13 Dept. St. Pap., Angeles, MS., iv. 72, 88; Id., Mont., iv. 21; Id., Ben. Pref. y Juzg., vi. 69-70; Dept. Rec., MS., xi. 14; Mofras, Explor., i. 379. They are said to have tied the mission servants, stolen saddles, etc., and threat- ened soon to commit greater crimes.
74 May 1840, numerous details of the pursuit. Dept. St. Pap., Ang., MS., iv. 88-92, 97-100.
73 Jan. 3-5, 1837. Dept. St. Pap., Ang., MS., ii. 97-8.
16 St. Pap., Miss., MS., viii. 4; ix. 36. Many shecp perished from S. Diego to Purísima.
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MISSION ANNALS AND INDIAN AFFAIRS.
Monterey April 25, 1836; and more severe temblores occurred from Monterey northward on June 9th and 10th of the same year.77 The next shocks recorded were in June and July of 1838, doing some damage at San Francisco, San José, Santa Clara, and Monte- rey. 78 On January 16-18, 1840, an earthquake at Santa Cruz threw down several houses and the church tower, besides causing a wave which carried away a large quantity of tiles which were two hundred yards from the shore.79 A severe shock was reported in Mexico as having occurred on November 30th of this year; but when inquiries were made by the govern- ment, no one could remember any such occurrence.80
77 Gomez, Doc., MS., 36-7; Vallejo, Hist. Cal., MS., iii. 118; Suisun Solano Herald, Nov. 21, 1868.
78 Reported by Capt. Paty in Honolulu S. I. Gazette, Nov. 17, 1838.
19 Monterey, Arch., MS., ix. 24.
80 Dept. St. Pap., Mont., MS., iv. 43; Sta B. Arch., MS., 21.
CHAPTER III. COMMERCE, FINANCE, AND MARITIME AFFAIRS. 1836-1840.
GENERAL REMARKS-STATISTICS OF TRADE-NEW MEXICAN TRADERS- OTTER SKINS-SMUGGLING-CHICO'S BANDO-ACTION OF CALIFORNIA CONGRESS-VESSELS OF 1836-REGULATIONS-HAWAIIAN TRADE -- CAT- TLE DRIVEN TO OREGON BY YOUNG-EDWARD'S DIARY-VALLEJO'S PLANS-FLEET AND REVENUES OF 1837-CARRILLO'S DECREE-VESSELS AND STATISTICS OF 1838-OTTER-HUNTING-CAPTAIN BANCROFT KILLED BY INDIANS-SILVER FOR DUTIES-COASTING TRADE TO BE PROHIBITED- VESSELS OF 1839-ALVARADO'S POLICY-STEARNS AS A SMUGGLER- FLEFT OF 1840-OFFICERS OF CUSTOM-HOUSE AND COMISARÍA-FINANCIAL ADMINISTRATION-DISTRIBUTION OF REVENUES-ALPHABETICAL LIST OF VESSELS, 1836-40.
GENERAL remarks on commerce and maritime affairs for the years 1831-51 will for the most part apply equally well to the present half-decade, there being no radical changes either in system and methods, or in the amount of commercial transactions. On an aver- age, twenty-seven vessels were on the coast each year; of which number seven were whalers, men-of-war, and other miscellaneous craft; so that the trading fleet proper consisted of twenty vessels, new arrivals being reduced to sixteen by the fact that four on an average required two years for the round voyage. All the vessels, without distinction sufficiently marked to re- quire notice, brought to California mixed cargoes of such articles from all parts of the world, cloths, dry goods, implements, hardware, groceries, as were re- quired for consumption in the country. So far as such
1 See chap. xiii. of vol. iii.
(79)
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COMMERCE, FINANCE, AND MARITIME AFFAIRS.
an average can be made, of the twenty vessels four were Boston ships which took away hides and horns; six loaded with hides, furs, and horses for the Hawai- ian Islands, much of the cargoes, except the horses, being reexported from Honolulu; three came from South America and carried away chiefly tallow; three were national vessels, taking tallow and miscellaneous produce to Mexican ports; two were vessels of the Russian American Company, taking grain and other agricultural products to Sitka; and two carried similar products to the Columbia River, being more or less directly connected with the Hudson's Bay Company.
For the three years for which alone records are ex- tant, the average of total revenue from duties was $70,000; but the figures for 1837-8 if known would probably reduce that average below $60,000. Duties amounting generally to 100 per cent, the same amount may be regarded as that of the regular importations; but it would have to be doubled at least to include smuggling operations. Exports could not of course vary much in value at California prices from imports. For three years the average amount of produce taken from San Francisco was $83,000; and the average an- nual export from California to Honolulu for five years was $46,000. Sir James Douglas of the Hudson's Bay Company, who visited the country early in 1841, and who had before enjoyed good opportunities for mak- ing himself acquainted with California trade, estimated the annual exports at $241,000, the largest item being $70,000 in hides.2
American settlers on the Columbia River purchased, as we shall see, some cattle, which were driven north- ward overland. Traders from New Mexico still came in caravans with woollen goods to purchase such horses and mules as could not more conveniently be stolen; but there is little of detail in the records save what
" Douglas' Journal, MS., 87-8. More of this important narrative later. The estimate was: for S. Pedro, $100,000; S. F., $80,000; Sta Bárbara, $25,- 000; Monterey, $20,000; S. Diego, $10,000; S. Luis Obispo and Purisima, $6,000.
81
TRAPPERS AND SMUGGLERS.
has been already said respecting the exploits of the Chaguanosos.3 The Hudson's Bay Company had a company of trappers each year in the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys, apparently with some show of authority from California; and free trappers in small parties still ranged those valleys, usually in league with Indian and New Mexican horse-thieves, but respect- ing whose movements nothing definite can be known.
All that pertains to otter-hunting on the coast is also shrouded in mystery so far as details are concerned. We know only that Sparks with some half-dozen hunters was constantly at work under license on the lower coast and islands; that one or two trips for contraband hunting were made by foreign vessels with Indian hunters from the north; that all traders were glad to obtain otter skins legally or otherwise; and that few cargoes left the coast which did not contain a package of valuable furs. In smuggling operations I shall have nothing to record of a very scandalous nature, though such operations were carried on per- haps more extensively than ever. ' So large a portion of the inhabitants, native and foreign, of all classes were engaged in contraband trade, that there was slight risk of detection. Customs officers were the only ones who were at all dishonored by smuggling. Both the traders and native Californians in their nar- ratives relate their adventures of this kind with pride rather than with shame. The favorite method was still a transfer of cargo at sea or from some secure hiding-place on coast or islands, after the least valuable part of the cargo had passed inspection by the revenue officers. The Sandwich Island vessels still took the
3 See chap. ii. of this vol. Feb. 16, 1838, Gov. Carrillo permits a party of New Mexicans to trade south of S. Fernando, but not farther north. Dept. St. Pap., Ang., MS., xi. 101; Hopkins' Translations, MS., 7-8. In Dec. 1839 a party of 75 men arrived under J. A. Salazar, returning to Santa Fé in April. The authorities took many precautions at the time of their de- parture, evidently suspecting them of a design to get away with a drove of stolen horses. Dept. St. Pap., Ang., MS., iv. 55-7, SI; v. 107, 113; Id., S. José, v. 71; Dept. Rec., MS., xi. 5; Janssens, Vida, MS., 161-2. The opera- tions of these New Mexican 'traders' are described in the Honolulu S. I. Gazette, Dec. 2, 1837.
HIST, CAL., VOL. IV. 6
82
COMMERCE, FINANCE, AND MARITIME AFFAIRS.
lead in this branch of commercial industry; the Boston ships either did not smuggle or proceeded more cau- tiously.4
One of Chico's first acts was to issue, on May 11, 1836, a bando intended to change radically the meth- ods of trade. The country's greatest evil commer- cially, according to Chico's ideas, was a monopoly of trade by foreigners; and he proposed to protect the interests of national merchants. His decree, there- fore, forbade all retail trade on board of foreign ves- sels, which must in future land their cargoes at Monterey, and subsequently sell their goods at that and other ports on shore only, and at wholesale.5 For vessels already on the coast these regulations were to take effect only after six months, much longer than Chico's destined term of office; and it does not
+ Davis, Glimpses, MS., 32, 150-9, gives a good account of smuggling in which he, as a clerk of Nathan Spear, was often engaged like all the rest. Osio, Hist. Cal., MS., 405-6, who was in charge of the custom-house, says he had to shut his eyes to many frauds out of pity and unwillingness to ruin the merchants. Many singgled out of pure fondness for contraband trade, and in order to boast of their shrewdness. Capt. Hinckley writes, Feb. 13, 1836, to Nathan Spear, 'I have made out the invoice with all the marks so that you will be able to smuggle considerable.' Spear's Papers, MS. Alvarado, Hist. Cal., MS., iii. 165-6; Vallejo, Hist. Cal., MS., iii. 194; iv. 6-7, and many others admit that everybody was engaged in smuggling, and argue that it was best for the country.
5 May 11, 1836, Chico's bando on trade. Earliest Print .; Dept. St. Pap., Mont., MS .. iii. 57-8; Pinto, Doc., MS., i. 185, etc. See also chap. xv., vol. iii. of this work. The decree is substantially as follows: 1. Retail trade on board of foreign ships is absolutely prohibited in all the ports and roadsteads of this Cal. 2. Every foreign ship immediately on arrival at Montercy will land its cargo in accordance with the laws. 3. No foreign ship may open a store on board while trading in the territory. 4. Wholesale trade is per- mitted to foreign ships, and will be protected according to national and in- ternational laws. 5. L'y wholesale trade is understood that in the parcels, bales, packages, barrels, etc., as uamed in the permit of this custom-house, with specification of contents. 6. No foreign ship may touch at any point on this coast where there is no receptor, except, 7. In case of necessity with previous notice to the custom-house, from which it will receive an attaché to serve as receptor. 8. The same vessels must obtain permits from this cus- tom-house for coasting trade, and must return the way-bills. 9. From ves- sels violating any of these provisions the permit for coasting trade will be withdrawn, without relieving captains and supercargoes from the penalties for defrauding the revenue or disobeying local authorities. 10. These articles to take effect immediately with vessels which may arrive, and after 6 months with those now on the coast. 11. This decree to be published and enforced, etc.
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