USA > Kentucky > Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. I > Part 2
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83 Peter Petree
77 Samuel Booker
82| Zachariah Sanders 81
Meshach Pearson 86 Jonathan Smith
83 | Philip Burns
S4 James Turner. Sen.77 81 Charles Washam 80
John Reily
79; Anna Boone
67 | Elijah Farris
80
Seth Stratton
78|Jeanette Mahon
70Amos Graham
81 Peter Alexander 83
Benj. Washburn
72
John Lambert Nathan Lawson
85 |John Cox - 73 -
Henry Wiley
95 James Barham
78|Jacob Lea
75 Dennis Dailey
79
Robert Woolfolk
85 Balaam Ezell
84 Joseph Sweeny
81|John Gregory 84
77
Nancy Clark
JnoMayberry, Sen. 76
Andrew Young
82 John MeQuiddy John Mitchell
75
Nancy Davis
811 Trimble County.
Whitley County.
George W. New
76
Sarah Ford
75 | Isaac Gray 66 |Thomas Adkins
82 Jane Ellis
Delilah Maddox
72 | Thomas Hardin
81 |Jobn Hood
80
It must be borne in mind that the for going list of Revolutionary soldiers, and of widows of deceased soldiers, includes only those who were living in Kentucky as late as July, 1840, nearly sixty years after the close of the great struggle. Besides these, several thousand more of those soldiers, with their families, emigrated to Kentucky, and died before 1840; among them, many who became leading men in the State, and some of them in the Nation. The following are a few of the names :
Maj. John Allen,
Maj. John Finley,
Col. Richard C. Anderson,
Col. John Floyd,
Gov. James Garrard,
Maj. Charles Pelham,
Maj. Herman Bowmar, John Bradford, Hon. John Brown,
Gov. Christopher Greenup,
Maj. Valentine Peers, Edmund Rogers, Col. William Russell, Gor. Charles Scott,
Gen. Richard Butler,
Col. Win. Christian,
Gov. Isaac Shelby, Col. Richard Taylor,
Gen. George Rogers Clark, Richard Collins, -Ilenry Crist,
Col. Matthew Jouett,
Col. John Todd,.
Shadrach styalt : 1835
Maj. John Crittenden,
Gov. George Madison, Col. Thomas Marshall,
Col. James Morrison, Col. George Nicholas,
Maj. John Brown,
Col. John Hardin, John Howard, Gen. Samuel Hopkins, Capt. W'm. Hubbell, Capt. John Jouett,
85 Woodford County.
Joseph Thompson
70 Elizabeth Quarles 75 Martin Hughes
81 Stephen Chilton 80
Samuel White 641 Trigg County.
Sarah Christy
79 Miles Hallowell 79 Jonathan White - 78 James Hamilton
80
Elizabeth Collett 71
731
William Turner
35 Johu Combs
Joseph Reeves
George Gibson 78 81 Washington County.
James Pierc 80
85
Wm. French, Sen. 80
William Doss 76
86 Daniel Trigg .86
Wayne County.
0
SOLDIERS OF THE COUNTY OF KENTUCKY.
THE COUNTY OF KENTUCKY .- NAMES OF ITS SOLDIERS.
From original papers and vouchers of Col. John Bowman, the first military commander and military governor of the County-now State-of Kentucky, we Nave noted or transcribed the following documents and lists. These papers are now (November, 1871) in the possession of his relative, John B. Bowman, Esq., Regent of Kentucky University at Lexington.
Prominent among these heir-looms is the commission of John Bowman as "Colonel of the Militia in the County of Kentucky," with the bold signature appended of the great orator of the American Revolution, Patrick Henry, Jr., "Governor of the Commonwealth of Va." The paper on which the commis- sion is written is coarse in texture and yellow with age, and is addressed to "John Bowman, Esquire." After reciting his appointment it thus concludes :
"You are therefore, carefully and diligently to discharge the duty of Colo- nel of the Militia, by doing and performing all Manner of Things thereunto be- longing ; and you are to pay a ready Obedience to all Orders and Instructions whi. h from Time to Time you may receive from the Convention, Privy Coun- cil, or any of your Superiour Officers, agreeable to the Rules & Regulations of the Convention, or General Assembly and do require all Officers and Sol- diers under your command to be obedient and to aid you in the Execution of this Commission according to the Intent & Purpose thereof. Given under my Hand & Seal,
" Williamsburg this 21st day of December 1776. (Signed)
P. HENRY, JR."
There is, also, the original of another commission to the same gallant officer, dated in 1778, and signed by "Th. Jefferson, Governor of the Commonwealth of Va.," appointing Col. John Bowman "County Lieutenant (or Governor) of the County of Kentucky."
The following is a copy of an original letter of instructions to Col. Bowman from Governor Thomas Jefferson:
WILLIAMSBURGH, NOV. 6, 1779.
"I am to ask the favor of you to give notice to the officer recommended by you for the Western Battalions that as soon as one half of his quota of men is raised and delivered by you, he shall be entitled to his commission. These men are to make part of a battalion which will be commanded by Lieut. Col. Knox, & which is to be stationed in Powell's Valley. As this station is so very far from you, your officer is to march his men to the Falls of the Ohio, and there do duty under Major Slaughter this winter; but he is not actually to march till he shall have heard of Major Slaughter's arrival at the Falls; in the mean time let him employ them in the best manner he can for the public service. Money for their subsistence from the time you deliver them to the officer till he shall have carried them to their Rendezvous will be lodged with Maj. Slaughter. The subsistence account previous to their delivery to the officer, you will settle with the Auditor here.
I am sir, Yr very h'ble serv't,
" To the County Lieutenant of Kentucky."
TH. JEFFERSON.
A copy of Col. John Bowman's account against the Commonwealth of Vir- ginia, shows that his pay was £22 10 shillings per month, and $50 additional per month for subsistence. The former amount was in money, the latter in Virginia scrip.
A note from "Painted Stone," dated June 28, 1780, to Col. Bowman, from Squire Boone (brother of Daniel Boone), gives his list of men [printed else- where] with this preface: "Sir :- "I have sent you a list of our strenth. I know not if it would be necessary to Right down their names. nevertheless being little troble I- have done it. Our strenth is 23 men to wit:" (Here follow the names). Squire Boone's orthography is by no means bad, and his signature closely resembles that of his brother, Daniel Boone.
11
SOLDIERS OF THE COUNTY OF KENTUCKY.
A letter from Col. John Bowman, dated Kentucky County, May 26, 1780, recites that "the bearer, John McCullough, is sent express to the Governor (of Va. ) upon business of the utmost consequence to the State. Justices of the peace in the several counties through which he may pass are requested to aid him in his journey with fresh horses, information, etc."
Gen. George Rogers Clarke certifies, under date of Feb. 15, 1782, that Maj. Joseph Bowman, of the Illinois regiment, died in the service of the State of Virginia, at Fort Pat. Henry, (Illinois,) 14th Aug. 1779. This was that brave Maj. Bowman who-not less daring than his great leader. Clarke-followed him in the expedition that captured Vincennes. To Maj. Bowman, however, was assigned the capturing of Cahokia, Illinois, with a detachment-which duty was successfully accomplished.
Captain E. Worthington and Benj. Roberts, Lieut. Jas. Patton and Ensign Edw. Bulger, writing from Boonesboro, in April or May, 1780, advise Col. John Bowman as follows: "Lieut. Abraham Chaplain and - Hendricks saith that on the 27th or 28th ultimo, they made their escape from the Indians of the Windot [Wyandot] Nation from off the waters of St. Dusky [Sandusky] and arrived at this place this day; that about 3 to 4 days preceding the said escape they had undoubted intelligence that a large number of different tribes of Indians, in conjunction with the subjects of Great Britain, to the amount of 2000 in the whole, 600 of which are Green Coat Rangers from Cannaday were preparing to attack this place, with cannon, and after subduing the same their destination was for the Illinois. Capt. Mathew Elliott gave intelligence the Indians were gathering horses to aid the expedition, which is expected to reach this place in 4 weeks." The writers add, "The above information we have just now received and beg you to use the greatest expedition to embody the militia under your command and march them here to repell the Hostile Invaders. This is the Humble prayers of the Inhabitants of this garrison and of every other Son of Liberty, who also beg you would send express to Col. Crockett to push on his troops to our assistance."
This undoubtedly relates to the expedition of Col. Bird, who, with a large number of Indians and British troops, invaded Kentucky and destroyed Rud- dles' and Martin's Stations, but subsequently beat a retreat.
Capt. John Holder, in furnishing the list of his company to Col. Bowman, at " Harrodstown," June 10, 1779, thus writes: "Sir :- As I can not conveniently call on you at this time, I have sent a list of the men of my company which ware on the late Expedition against the Indian towns; and beg you will favor me with the amount of the sale of the Plunder by the Barer, John Martain, to enable me to settle with them."
PIONEER SOLDIERS, 1778 TO 1781.
The following lists comprise a large portion of those who were enrolled as pioneer soldiers of Kentucky, between the years 1778 and 1781. Some of the names on the original rolls were very inaccurately spelled, the rolls be- ing kept by illiterate men, who too often spelled by the sound names not always correctly pronounced.
CAPTAIN JOSEPH BOWMAN'S COMPANY, JAN. 24, 1778.
[At Harrodsburg, and the neighboring Stations.]
Jos. Bowman, Capt. Henry Funk,
Abraham Miller, Joseph Simpson,
Isaac Bowman, Lieut. Philip Harbin, George Miller, Wm. Slack,
Abr. Kellar, 2d " Henry Honaker, Dan. Dust, Sergeant, Elijah Huston,
Wm. Montgomery, Jacob Spears,
James Bentley, Abr. James,
Wm. Berry, Ed. Bulger, Nathan Cartmell,
Isaac Kellar, George King,
George Livingston,
Thos. Pendergrast, Thos. Perry,
Wm. Berry,
Thomas Clifton,
Isaac McBride,
Henry Prather,
7.eb. Lee-18.
Jacob Cogar,
Robert McClanahan, John Setser,
These four aro
marked as deserters.
Patrick Doran,
Chas. MeGlack, Alex. McIntyre,
Michael Setser,
Samuel Stroud,
Barney Morter, Edward Murray, Joseph Pendergrast, Barnaby Walters, Michael Pendergrast, Jaines Gonday, H. Vance,
Henry Chrisman,
Philip Long,
Samuel Dust.
S
Peter Cogar,
1
12
SOLDIERS OF THE COUNTY OF KENTUCKY.
CAPTAIN BENJAMIN LOGAN'S COMPANY. [In Lincoln county, at and near Logan's Station, probably in 1779.]
Benj. Logan, Capt., Samuel Deason, John Jones,
David Mitchell, Wm. Mitchell,
John Logan, Lieut., Ogden Devers,
John Kennedy,
James Knox,
Alex. Montgomery,
Azariah Davis, Ensigns. .
Isaac Drake, ,
Hugh Leeper,
John Montgomery,
John. Drake,
James Leeper,
Wm. Montgomery,
Benj. Pelton,
Jonathan Drake,
Wm. Neal,
Wm. Menifee,
John Ealor,
Wm. Logan, Thos. Loveledd,
Wm. Patton, Samuel Phelps,
George Clark, Sergeants.
John Fain,
John McElhon,
Chas. Phillips,
Robt. Barnet,
Wm. Barton,
George Flinn,
John MeKaine, . Archibald Mahone,
Nich. Proctor, Jr.,"
Arthur Blackburn,
John Gibson,
James Menifee,
Chas. Runsle, James Russell,
John Bohannon,
John Glover, John Grimes,
Joseph Menifee,
Julius Sanders,
Benj. Briggs,
Wm. Grimes,
Jacob Gunn,
John Story,
Caspar Casener,
Wm. Casey,
Roger Hines,
Nicholas Tramel,
John Castlio,
Stephen Huston,
Andrew Miller,
Philip Tramel,
Pierce Castlio,
John Johns,
George White,
Philip Conrad,
James Johnson,
Henry Miller, Wm. Miller
Wm. Whitley-99.
Azariah Davis,
CAPTAIN WM. HARROD'S COMPANY.
[In 1780, at the Stations near the Falls, in now Jefferson and Shelby counties.]
Wm. Harrod, Capt., John Galloway, James Patton, Lieut., Wm. Galloway,
Ed. Bulger, Ensign, James Garrison,
John Lincant,
Peter Balance,
Joseph Goins,
Samuel Lyon, Daniel Stull,
Alex, Barr, Isaac Goodwin,
James Brand, Samuel Goodwin,
John Buckras,
James Guthrie,
A. Cameron,
Daniel Hall,
Amos Mann, Edward Murdoch,
James Sullivan, Wm. Swan,
Amos Carpenter,
Wm. Hall,
Sol. Carpenter,
John Hatt,
Benj. Carter,
..
Thomas Henton
Wm. Oldham,
Robt. Thorn, John Tomton,
Reuben Case, Thomas Cochran,
George Phelps,
Bev. Trent, Thos. Tribble,
"John Conway, John Corbley, John Crable,
Robert Dickey,
Joseph Hughes,
Daniel Driskill,
Rowland Hughes,
Urb. Ranner, Benj. Rice, Reed Robbins,
Abram Whitaker,
Samuel Forrester,
Abram James,
Aquilla Whitaker,
Joseph Frakes,
Samuel Frazee,
John Kenney, Val. Kinder,
Thomas Settle, Wm. Smiley, Jacob Speck,
Jacob Wickersham, Ed. Wilson-96.
CAPTAIN JOHN BOYLE'S COMPANY, APRIL 1, 1780. [At Stations on and near Dick's River, in now Garrard, Lincoln, and Boyle counties.]
John Boyle, Capt. Wm. Crawford, Samuel Davis, Lieut., James Davis, Elisha Clary, Ensign, Robert Desha, Barney Boyle, 2 Dennis Diven, Jonathr . Marshall, J Owen Diven, Sergeants. Jacob Anderson,
Hugh Galbreath, Evandon Gordon, Peter Higgins,
John Hicks,
Wm. Hicks, Sr., Wm. Hicks, Nathan McClure, Wm. Marshall, Basil Maxwell,
Wm. Menifee, Wm. Mitchell. Robert Moore, Samuel Sloore,
Nehemiah Poore, John Poynter, James Reeves, Wm. Rowan, John Vardeman, Alex. Walker,
Win. Whitley,
John Wilkinson,
Wm. Young-36.
Roswell Stevens,
Chas. English,
Joseph Lusk,
John McCormick,
Wm. Phelps,
Bartholomew Fenton, James McElwain,
John Phillips, Nich. Proctor, Sr.,
Samuel Bell,
Lee Garrett,
Alex. Bohannon,
Richard Glover,
Jarrett Menifee,
Alex. Sinclair,
Samuel Briggs, James Brown, John Canterbury,
David Hawkins, Jacob Herman,
& John Martin, Joseph Martin, Samuel Martin, James Mason, James Mason, Samuel Mayes,
Pat. McGee,
Miner Sturgis, Peter Sturgis,
John Murdoch, Richard Morris,
Joseph Swearingen, Samuel Swearingen, Van Swearingen,
Thomas Carter,
Evan Henton,
Wm. Morris,
Joseph Phelps,
Samuel Pottinger, F. Potts, Rauben Preble,
Robert Tyler, Abr. Vanmetre, Michael Valleto, Joseph Warford, James Welch,
Isaac Dye, John Eastwood,
Michael Humble, John Hunt,
John Paul,
Wm. Hickman, A. Hill, Andrew Hill, Samuel Hinck, Fred. Honaker,
Moses Kuykendall, John Stapleton,
John Lewis, James Stewart, James Stewart,
Samuel Major,
George Scott,
John Summers,
Arch. Thomason,
Stevens English,
Alex. Montgomery, } Benj. Drake,
James Anderson, Thomas Arbuckle, James Coyle,
13
SOLDIERS OF THE COUNTY OF KENTUCKY ..
CAPTAIN JOHN HOLDER'S COMPANY, JUNE 10, 1779. [In Madison county, at and near Boonesborough.]
John Holder, Capt., John Constant,
Robert Kirkham, x Hugh Ross,
Uriel Ark,
David Cook,
Samuel Kirkham, / Bartlett Searcy,
Thos. Bailey,
Wm. Coombs,
John Lee,
Reuben Searcy,
Bland Ballard,
Wm. Cradlebaugh,
Charles Lockhart,
John South, Sr.,
John Baughman, John Dumpord,
John McCollum,
John South, Jr.,
G. Michael Bedinger, James Estill,
Wm. McGee,
John South, younger,
James Berry, Edmund Fear,
James Bryan,
David Gass,
Ralph Morgan, Win. Morris, James Perry, John Pleck,
Jacob Stearns, John Stephenson,
John Callaway,
John Hawiston,
Samuel Porter,
Benoni Vallandig-
Elijah Collins,
Wm. Hays,
Nicholas Proctor,
John Weber, [ham,
Josiah Collins,
Jesse Hodges,
Reuben Proctor,
Daniel Wilcoxson,
Wm. Collins,
Jeremiah Horn,
Pemberton Rollins,
Moses Wilson-56.
CAPTAIN ISAAC RUDDLE'S COMPANY.
[In 1779-80, at Ruddle's and Martin's Stations, near now Cynthiana.]
Isaac Ruddle, Capt. John Burger, Jr.,
Peter Loyl, Stephen Ruddell,
John Haggin, Lieut. Peter Call,
Thomas Machen, James Ruddle,
John Mather, Ensign, Leonard Croft,
Wm. Marshall,
Patrick Ryan,
Joseph Isaacs, Q. M. Wm. Dehlinger,
Chas. Munger,
Wm. Sandidge,
John Waters, Serg. David Ederman,
Wm. Munger, Sr.,
Wm. Scott, -
John Smith, Sr ..
- Andrew Baker, - George Baker, Andrew Bartle,
Thos. Emory, Paul Fisher,
Andrew Pirtenbustle, John Smith Jr.,
John Bird,
John Hutton, H. Pirtenbustle, Jr., Frederick Tanner,
George Bronker,
Jacob Leach, Sr.,
Len. Pirtenbustle, Martin Tuffelman,
Caspar Brown,
Edward Low,
Peter Rough, Moses Waters,
Reuben Boughner, George Loyl,
George Ruddell, John Cloyd, drummer. 1
John Burger, Sr., Henry Loyl,
-50.
CAPTAIN SQUIRE BOONE'S COMPANY, JUNE 23, 1780 .- PARTIAL LIST. [Stationed at the " Painted Stone," near now Shelbyville.]
Squire Boone, Capt., Joseph Eastwood,
John McFadden, Adam Wickersham,
Alex. Bryant,
Jeremiah Harris,
John Nichols, Jacob Wickersham,
John Buckles, John Henton, Peter Paul, Peter Wickersham,
Richard Cates,
Abraham Holt,
John Stapleton, James Wright,
Chas. Doleman, Morgan Hughes,
Robert Tyler,
George Yunt-23.
John Eastwood, Evan Kenton,
Abraham Vanmeter,
Thos. South, Barney Stagner,
James Bunten,
Stephen Hancock,
John Butler,
Wm. Hancock,
Wm. Munger, Jr.,
George Hatfall,
Henry Pirtenbustle, James Stuart,
ANNALS OF KENTUCKY,
OR IMPORTANT EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF KENTUCKY, 1539-1874. 1
1539, May 25-Hernando De Soto, who | had assisted Pizarro in the Spanish con- quest of Peru, in 1532-5, is appointed Governor of Cuba ; he undertakes the con- quest of Florida, and with 950 men, 20 officers, and 24 ecclesiastics, lands at Es- piritu Santo (Tampa Bay), on the west coast of Florida .*
1540, Oct. 18-At the village of Ma- villa (Mobile) he fights one of the most sanguinary battles ever fought between Europeans and the North American In- dians ; with loss of 80 men and 42 horses. Indian loss reported at 2,500 men.
1541-In the spring, reaches the Mis- sissippi river, and spends nearly a month in constructing eight large barges to transport his army across (somewhere be- tween the present city of Memphis and Helena) ; thence marches N. to Pacaha ; thence S. W. and N. W. till he reaches the highlands of the White river, in the eastern portion of what is now the Indian territory, and not far from Tale-quah, its council town, and Fayetteville, Arkansas ; thence S. E. by the Hot Springs of Ar- kansas, which his companions at first sup- posed to be the fabled fountain of youth, wintering at Autiamque, on the Washita river.
1542, June 5-De Soto dies on the banks of the Mississippi, after appointing Luis de Moscoso his successor ; who, wandering in different directions, and driven by the Indians, finds his way to the Missouri river, near the Osage, and winters at Minoya or Minowas.t
1543-The Spaniards, reduced to 350 men, embark in 21 boats, and going night and day-pursued for ten days, and losing more men-reach the mouth of the Missis- sippi. In descending this river they dis- cover Illinois and Kentucky.t
1584, July-Sir Walter Raleigh, under an English patent, sends out two ships in charge of Philip Amidas and Arthur Bar- low, who discover and land on the shore of North Carolina, which Queen Eliza- beth, on their return, calls Virginia-dis- covered, as it was, under the reign of a virgin queen.# Three unsuccessful colo-
nies were sent out up to 1589. Kentucky was included in the charter of the colony.
1607-Permanent settlement of the Eng- lish, under Capt. John Smith, in Virginia- the colony including Kentucky in its charter.
1654-Col. Wood, an Englishman, ex- plores Kentucky as far as the Meschacebe (Mississippi) river,“ and discovers several branches of that and of the Ohio; object, to open channels of trade with the In- dians.
1669-A party of 23 Spaniards come up the Mississippi and Ohio rivers, pass Pittsburgh, and on to Olean Point, where they leave their canoes and travel by land to Onondaga Lake, New York, in search of silver ; being told of a lake "whose bottom was covered with a substance shin- ing and white," and which they supposed would prove to be silver. Their disap- pointment causes trouble between them and some French there; and the Indians set fire to the houses they occupied, and tomahawked all who escaped from the flames.t
1670-Capt. Bolt [or Batt ( ? )] visits Kentucky from Virginia.
1673-Jacques (or James) Marquette, a Recollet monk and Jesuit, on a missionary tour among the Indians from Green Bay, westward, with Louis Joliet and five other Frenchmen, in two canoes, are the first Europeans or whites known to have discovered the Upper Mississippi, or to have seen its waters anywhere for 130 years previously. They pass over the portage between the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, and down the latter to the Missis- sippi river, which they first see, June 17, 1673, and "enter with a joy I can not ex- press," says Marquette.
July-About the 5th, they reach and spend several days at the mouth of the Ohio, then called Ouabouskigou. [The hostility of the Iroquois Indians kept the French from any knowledge of the Ohio river for many years after this ; and, con- sequently, the lower Ohio, from the mouth of the Wabash down, was supposed to be, and was called the Oubache or Wabash. [] They find 40 towns of the Shawnees on the Ohio and its lower branches. Indians here assured Marquette that it was not more than ten days' journey to the sea, and
. Wilmer's De Soto. Irving's Conquest of Florida, vol. i, p. 35. Monette's Valley of the Mississippi, vol. i, p. 13.
+ Rafinesque's Annala of Kentucky, pp. 23-31 ; although giving a list of 164 authorities con- sulted, Rafinesque does not specify his particular authority for this statement. He had accras to many French and Spanish works, some very rare. One other authority thinks De Soto's suc- cessor, Moscoso, was ao high up the Mississippi as Kentucky, opposite New Madrid, Mo.
: Wheeler's North Carolina, p. 24.
" Long's Expedition, vol. i, p. 236. Butler's Kentucky, 2d ed., p. 429. Dr. Daniel Coxe's Description of Carolana, etc., (London, 1722.) Albach's Western Annals, p. 94.
+ Craig's Olden Time, 1547, vol. ii, p. 431.
: Rafinesque, p. 2). | Reynolds' Illinois, p. 13
(14)
15
ANNALS OF KENTUCKY.
1751.
that they bought stuffs and other articles from white people on the eastern side.
July 17-On this day they begin their return trip from the lowest point reached, the village of Akamsea, about the mouth of the Arkansas river. They pass up the Mississippi to the Illinois river, and through that to Illinois Lake, ( Michigan, or Lacus Algonquinorum, ) at the site of the present city of Chicago; thence to Mackinaw.
1680-Louis Hennepin, a Franciscan friar and Jesuit monk, with five men, go over the same route to the Arkansas river, and back to Fort Creve Coeur, about eight miles above Peoria, Illinois. The Ten- nessee is called Cherokee river.
1681-Marquette's narrative and map of the Mississippi river, published at Paris, France, in Thevenot's Recueil de Voyages.
1682, Feb .- The Chevaliers Robert de la Salle and Henri de Tonti, the latter lieu- tenant of the former, accompanied by Father Zenobe, a Recollet missionary, Jean Michel, surgeon, Francois de Bois- rondet, Jean Bourdon, Sieur d'Autray, Jacques Cauchois, Pierre You, Gilles Meu- cret, Jean Mas, Jean Dulignon, Nicholas de la Salle, La Metaire, notary, and nine other Frenchmen, pass from the Illinois river down the Mississippi (or Colbert) river to its mouth, claiming possession of the whole country on both sides for the French king, Louis the Great, after whom he names it Louisiana.# At the mouth of the Ohio they delay a few days, and make some arrangements for trade and inter- course with the Indians.
1684-By a treaty held with the " Five Nations," or Iroquois, at Albany, New York, by Lord Howard, Governor of Vir- ginia, and Col. Dungan, Governor of New York, they place themselves under the protection of the British nation, and make a deed of sale to the British gov- ernment of a vast tract of country (which included Kentucky) south and east of the Illinois river, and extending across Lake Huron into Canada.
1730-About this date, John Salling, of Williamsburg, Va., is exploring upon the Roanoke, or James river, and taken prisoner by Cherokees, who take him to their towns on the Tennessee river. After- ward, " while on a hunting party to the salt licks of Kentucky," he is captured by Illinois Indians and taken to Kaskas- kia, ransomed, and reaches home, via Canada, after six years absence.t
1739-M. Longueil descends the Ohio, from Canada, and discovers Big Bone Lick, in Kentucky. Many Canadians follow that route.
1739-A detachment of French troops is sent from Canada to Louisiana, down the Ohio river, on account of the war with the Chickasaws.#
1742-John Howard, an Englishman, crosses the mountains from Virginia, and descends the Ohio river .*
1744-By a treaty at Lancaster, Penn- sylvania, between the governor of Penn- sylvania, Col. Thomas Lee and Col. Wm. Beverley as commissioners from Virginia, and two commissioners from Maryland, and the " Six Nations," the British claim to purchase some of the Western lands- a territory of undefined extent being ceded. The Indians subsequently declare that they had been deceived at Lancaster, and did not intend to cede any lands west of the mountains.
1745-The Shawnees of Kentucky had retreated on the banks of the Ohio, Miami, and Muskingum to avoid their southern enemies-being now at peace with the Menguys, and allied with them against the Cherokees, Catawbas, Muscologees, Chickasaws, etc. Kentucky remains the hunting ground of the northern and south- ern nations, where they meet at war : hence the appellation, Dark and Bloody Ground.
1746-Great scarcity of provisions at New Orleans. French settlements at the Illinois send thither 800,000 pounds of flour.
1747-Dr. Thomas Walker, of Albe- marle county, Virginia, crosses the Al- legheny and Wasioto (which he calls Cumberland) mountains. He discovers Cumberland Gap, the Shawanee ( which he calls Cumberland) river, the Kentucky (which he calls Louisa) river, the Big Sandy river, etc .; Another account says this was as late as 1750, and another as late as 1758. [See Vol. II, p. 416.]
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