USA > Kentucky > Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. I > Part 3
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1750, Sept. 11-Cristopher Gist receives instructions from the Ohio Company to "go out to the westward of the great mountains, in order to search out and dis- cover the lands upon the river Ohio down as low as the great Falls thereof: and to take an exact account of all the large bodies of good level land, that the Com- pany may the better judge where it will be the most convenient to take their grant of 500,000 acres.±
1751, Tuesday, Jan. 29-Christopher Gist reaches "the Shawane Town, [now Portsmouth, Ohio,] situated on both sides of the Ohio river, just below the mouth of Scioto creek ; containing about 300 Indian men [beside English traders], about 40 houses on the south side of the river, and about 100 on the north side."
Wednesday, Jan. 30-Col. George Cro- ghan (British Indian Agent), and Andrew Montour, part of Gist's company, make speeches in an Indian council, in Shawane Town. Robert Kallendar was also present, another of Gist's company.
· Sparks' La Salle, pp. 199, 200.
Withers' Border Warfare, p. 43. Butler's Kentucky, p. 21.
: Craig's Olden Time, vol. ii, p. 268.
* De Hass' Western Virginia, p. 43. One of the grounds on which the English claimed the Ohio Valley, was priority of discovery ; and which they enstained by this voyage of Howard- which De Hass calls a " vague tradition."
+ Rafinesque. p. 3i. Butler's Kentucky. p. 18.
; Pownall's North America in 1776, Appendix. PP. 7-10.
16
ANNALS OF KENTUCKY.
1769.
.
Wednesday, March 13-Gist meets two [ erly a French post, 120 miles below the men belonging to Robert Smith, from mouth of the Wabash, and 11 miles below the mouth of the Cherokee river. whom he obtained a jaw tooth, over 4 lbs. weight, which, with other teeth, and August 7-Arrives at the fork of the Ohio, in latitude 36° 43'. His table of dis- tances of points in Kentucky, from Fort Pitt (Pittsburg), is as follows-compared with the distances as made by the U. S. Survey in 1867 and 1868: # several rib bones, 11 feet long, and a skull bone 6 feet across the forehead, and several teeth which he called horns, over 5 feet long, and as much as a man could carry, " were found in the year 1744, in a salt [Big Bone] lick, or spring, upon a small creek, which runs into the south side of Big Sandy creek (river). miles, 321 Gordon's. U. S. Scioto river, 366 The place where the Elephant's bones were found, 56014 512% · 353:3 31416 the Ohio, about 15 miles below the mouth Licking creek, (river) 50014 46614 of the great Mineami river, and about 20 miles above the Falls of the Ohio."
March 18-Reaches the " lower salt lick creek, which Robert Smith and the In- dians tell me is about 15 miles above the Falls of the Ohio," and returns along the valley of the Cutawa [Kentucky] river, etc., to the Kanawha river.
1752-Lewis Evans' first map issued.
1754-James McBride, with others, in a canoe, passes down the Ohio to mouth of Ky. river, and cuts his initials on a tree.#
1756-Mrs. Mary Inglis the first white woman in Ky. [See Vol. II, p. 53.]
1758-Second visit of Dr. Thomas Walk- er into Ky., as far as Dick's river.
1764 -- The Shawnee Indians remove from Ohio to Pennsylvania, and from Green river to the Wabash.
June 23-The second map, which in- cludes the Kentucky country, issued by Lewis Evans, Philadelphia, " engraved by James Turner, in Philadelphia," and dedi- cated to the " Honorable Thomas Pow- nall.". The Miami river in Ohio is called the " Mineami," the Scioto river, " Sioto," and Niagara Falls the " Ocniagara." The country south of the Ohio river, as well as that north of it, is called " Ohio."
Pittsburg laid out into regular streets and lots.
1765, May 25-28-Col. George Croghan, above mentioned, on a tour down the Ohio, is at Shawane Town, (Portsmouth, Ohio).
May 30-" Arrives at the place where the Elephant's bones are found, (Big Bone lick,) and encamps."
May 31-Passes the mouth of Kentucky river, and, June 2, the Falls of the Ohio.
June 6-Arrives at the mouth of the Wabash, and goes thence to Port Vincent ( Vincennes).
1766, June 18-Capt. Harry Gordon, Chief Engineer in the Western Depart- ment in North America, is sent from Fort Pitt down the Ohio river to Illinois.
June 29-Reaches the mouth of the Scioto river.
July 16-Encamps "opposite to the Great Lick [in Lewis county, Ky.]; it is five miles distant south of the river. The extent of the muddy part of the lick is Xths of an acre."
July 22-At the Falls of Ohio ..
August 6-Halts at Fort Massiac, form-
.6
682 599
Where the low country begins,
83734 -
Large river on the east side, (Green ),
90214 775
Wabash river,
999.16 838
Big rock and cave on the west side, 1,01214 869
Shawana (Cumberland) river, 1,00434 908
Cherokee ( Tennessee) river, . Fort Massiac, 66 1, 1154 929
1,10733 920
The mouth of the Ohio river, 1,164 967
1766-Capt. James Smith, Joshua Hor- ton, Uriah Stone, Wm. Baker, and a mu- latto slave of Horton's, named Jamie, 18. years old, explore the country south of Kentucky, and the Cumberland and Ten- nessee rivers, from Stone's river, (which they so nained after their companion, Stone), above Nashville, down to the Ohio.
1767-John Findlay and others travel over Ky., and trade with Indians; but are compelled to leave. f
James Harrod and Michael Stoner go down the Ohio, and up the Cumberland, to Stone river. [See Vol. II, p. 417.]
1770 to 1772-Between these two years, George Washington (afterwards General and President) surveys 2,084 acres of land for John Fry, embracing the present town of Louisa, in Lawrence county, Ky .. and upon the beginning corner cuts the initials of his name; also, makes another survey for John Fry, on Little Sandy river, 11 miles from its mouth, in the present county of Greenup. Į
1768, Nov. 5-Treaty of Fort Stanwix, in which the Six Nations and the Dela- wares, Shawanees and Mingoes of Ohio, in consideration of £10,460, grant unto King George III, of England, all the territory south of the Ohio and west of the Cherokee (Tennessee) river, and back of the British settlements.
1769-Hancock Taylor, Richard Taylor, Abraham Haptonstall, and -. Barbour, from Orange co., Va., go down the Ohio to the Falls, thence to New Orleans, and home by sea.
June 7 -John Findlay, Daniel Boone, John Stewart, Joseph Holden, James Mooney, and Wm. Cool, from the Yadkin river, N. C., reach the Red river, in Ky., and continue hunting until Dec. 22. Stewart is killed, and Boone left alone.
Squire Boone and another man shortly
. John Filson's Kentucky (1784) calls McBride "the first white man we have certain accounts of, who discovered this province."
. Pownall's N. Am., Appendix.
+ Filson's Kentucky.
: Collins' Kentucky, Ist edition, p. 399.
[ Hall's Sketches of the West, vol. i, p. 244.
Kentucky river,
601% 541
The Falls, (Louisville), lat. 33º
FAC-SIMILE SIGNATURES.
1. Dr. Thomas Walker, of Albemarle co., Va., first white visitor to south-eastern Ky., in 1747. [Copy of original, loaned by Mrs. Wm. C. Rives, Va.]
Stones Wacken
2. Christopher Gist, on a tour of dis- covery for the Ohio Company, first prominent white American visitor to Ky., opposite Portsmouth, O., and to Big Bone Lick, in Boone co., Jan. to March, 1751. Copy of orig- inal in possession of Win. M. Darlington, Esq., Pittsburgh.]
Christopher Gift.
3. Col. Daniel Boone, from N. C., reached the Red river, in Ky., June, 1769, and settled with his family at Boonesborough, 1775. [Copy of his original signature, June 20, 1817, when he was 8 years old.]
Daniel Boone
4. Gen'l George Washington, first President of United States, made the first survey in Ky. of 2,084 acres of land, where Louisa, Lawrence co., now is, between 176; and 1770. The patent for the land was is- sned by the Crown of Great Britain to Jno. Fry, in 1772. [Copy of signature in 1799, not long before his death.]
5. Gen'! Simon Kenton, in ) 1771 and 1772, explored north-eastern Ky., in Boyd and Greenup counties, and in 1773 made some surveys and "tomahawk improvements." In 1771 he passed down the Ohio to the mouth of Kentucky river. [Copy of orig- inal, June, 1824.]
Simon Fenton
6. Patrick Henry, the greatest orator in the world, first Governor of the State of Virginia, in 1776, when Ky. was part of Fincastle co., Va., and on Dec. 31, 1776. was erected into Kentucky co., Va. [Copy of orig- inal, to patent in 1777.]
7. Gen'l George Rogers Clark came 1 to Ky. in 1775; elected first delegate from Kentucky county to General Assembly of Va .; greatest military commander of in- terior America; conqueror of Illinois ter- ritory, 1778.
8. Col. Alexander D. Orr. of Mason ) co., Ky .; he and Christopher Greenup ( af- 1 terward+ Governor) were the first two Representatives in Congress from the State of Kentucky, for five years, 1792-97. [Copy of original, October, 1802.]
stark
1
Alex. Dorm - -
.
17
ANNALS OF KENTUCKY.
1774.
after come to Kentucky, where Squire finds | ville, on part of the plat of the present his brother Daniel. city .*
1770-Capt. Philip Pittman publishes, in London, an elegant map of the Missis- sippi river, from the mouth up to Fort Chartres, below St. Louis.
A party of 40 hunters, from New, Hol- ston, and Clinch rivers, in south-west Vir- ginia, unite for the purpose of trapping, hunting, and shooting game, west of the Allegheny mountains. Nine of them, led by Col. James Knox, reach the country south of the Kentucky river, and about Green river and the lower part of the Cumberland river. From their long ab- sence, are known as the Long Hunters.
May-Daniel Boone looks upon the Ohio river for the first time.
1771-Simon Kenton, John Strader, and George Yeager (the latter raised by Indi- ans, and visited the cane land with them), descend the Ohio river, to near the mouth of the Kentucky ; on their return they examine Licking river, Locust, Bracken, Salt Lick, and Kinnikinnick creeks, and Tygart and Sandy rivers, for cane, but find none .*
1773, June 22-Capt. Thomas Bullitt, Hancock Taylor, (both surveyors), and others, in one company, and James Mc- Afee, George McAfee, Robert McAfee, James McCoun, jr., and Samuel Adams, in another company, going together down the Ohio, reach the mouth of Limestone creek, where Maysville now stands, and remain two days.
June 24-Robert McAfee goes up Lime- stone creek to the waters of the North Fork of Licking river, through what is now Mason county, and down that stream some 25 miles ; thence northward through what is now Bracken county, to the Ohio river; with his tomahawk and knife makes a bark canoe, and overtakes his company, June 27, at the mouth of Lick- ing, where Covington now is.
July 4 and 5-The companies visit Big Bone lick, in what is now Boone county- making seats and tent-poles of the enor- mous backbones and ribs of the mastodon found there in large quantities.
July 7-At the mouth of the Levisa (or Kentucky ) river the companies separate- Capt. Bullitt's going to the Falls, while Hancock Taylor and the McAfce company go up the Kentucky and up Drennon creek to Drennon lick.
July 16-Robert McAfee has two sur- veys made, embracing 600 acres, and in- cluding the bottom where Frankfort now stands.
July 8-Capt Thos. Bullitt reaches the Falls, and pitches his camp above the mouth of Bear Grass creek, retiring of a night to a shoal above Corn Island. He surveys land under warrants granted by Lord Dunmore, below the Falls to Salt river, and up that stream to Bullitt's lick, in what is now Bullitt county. In August he lays out the town of Louis-
.
Another surveyor, James Douglas, visits the Falls, and on his way down makes ex- tended investigations at Big Bone lick.
Capt. James Harrod, Abram Hite, and James Sandusky (or Sodowsky), in pe- riogues or large canoes, descend the Ohio to the Falls, and return.
Gen. Thompson, of Pennsylvania, makes some surveys upon the North Fork of Lick- ing river, in what is now Mason county.
1773-Simon Kenton, Michael Tyger, and some others from Virginia, come down the Kanawha and Ohio to the mouth of the Scioto, and await Capt. Thos. Bullitt's ar- rival-who passed down in the night or in a thick fog to the mouth of the Big Miami ; thither Kenton's party follow, but fin ling Bullitt's camp vacated and supposing his party murdered by Indians, they destroy their canoes and go through the country to Greenbriar county, Va., under Kenton's guidance-doubtless, the first trip by land from Northern Kentucky to Western Vir- ginia.
In the fall, Kenton, with Wm. Grills, Jacob Greathouse, Samuel Cartwright, and Joseph Locke, from the Monongahela country, descend the Ohio to the mouth of the Big Sandy, where they spend the win- ter in hunting and trapping. In the spring of 1774, on account of Indian ag- gressions, they evacuate their camps or settlements, and return to Fort Pitt.
1774, May-Capt. James Harrod. Abram Hite, Jacob Sandusky, James Sandus- ky, and 37 other men descend the Ohio, encamp at the mouth of Decrcreek, where Cincinnati now is, and upon that ground cut the first tree ever cut by white men. They go on down to the mouth of Ken- tucky, and up that stream to what is now Mercer county, where in June, they lay off Harrodstown (afterward called Old- town, and now Harrodsburg), and ercet a number of cabins.
June 6-Daniel Boone and Michael Stoner, by solicitation of Gov. Dunmore, of Virginia, go to the Falls of the Ohio, to conduct into the settlement a party of surveyors. They complete the tour of 800 miles in 62 days. These surveyors had been sent out by Dunmore " some months before." Three parties of surveyors were then in Ky., under Col. John Floyd, Hancock Taylor, and James Douglass. Taylor was shot by Indians, and died from the wound. [See Vol. II, pp. 526, 764.] Simon Kenton visits Big Bone lick.
July-In consequence of Indian hostili- ties, this settlement is abandoned, and most of the men return to Virginia, or Pennsylvania. Two of them, Jacob San- dusky and another, travel to Cumberland river, and in a canoe descend that river,
. McDonald's Sketches, p. 203.
I ... 2
* So says Jacob Sandusky, or Sodowaky, who either was one of the surveying party, or wasat the Falls about that time. He kept full notes of the settlement of the country, and was a great and methodical adventurer. American Pioneer vol. ii, p. 326. Westeru Journal, vol. xi, p. 39.
18
ANNALS (: )ENTUCKY.
1776.
the Ohio, and Mississippi to New Orleans, going by sea to Baltimore. They are the first white men, except French or Spanish, who ever descend those rivers .*
1774, Oct .- After the battle at Point Pleasant, Oct. 10. three of the soldiers, John Whittaker Willis, John Ashby, and Wm. Bolland, of Stafford and Fauquier counties, Va., visit Kentucky in a periogue, and pass down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans, thence via Pensacola and Charleston to Virginia.t
1775, May-Simon Kenton and Thomas Williams land at the mouth of Limestone creek (now Maysville). Two or three miles from the river they find abundance of cane upon the richest land they had ever seen. With their tomahawks they clear a patch, and raise corn on the spot afterwards called Kenton's station, three miles from Maysville.
Feb .- Capt. Wm. Twetty, Samuel Co- burn, James Bridges, Thomas Johnson, John Hart, William Hicks, James Peeke, and Felix Walker leave Rutherford county, North Carolina, " to explore a country by the name of Leowvisay," (Louisa, or Le- visa, now Kentucky). They proceed to Watawgo (Watawga) river, a tributary of the Holston, at a point now in the State of Tennessee, remaining some days-while Col. Henderson was negotiating his treaty below mentioned. Thence go to the Long Island, in Holston river, to join Col. Daniel Boone, his brother Squire Boone, Col. Richard Callaway, John Kennedy, and their associates-in all, 30 persons- with Daniel Boone as pilot-
March 10-Marking their track with their hatehets, they leave Long Island, cross Cliuch river, Powell's river, over Cumberland mountain, cross Cumberland river, and camp first on Roekcastle river.
March 25-Twelve miles from Boones- borough, in camp asleep, an hour before day, they are fired on by Indians ; Capt- Twetty is mortally wounded. his negro man servant killed, Felix Walker badly wounded, the company dispersed, and some men abandon their companions and go back.
March 17-Col. Richard Henderson, Na- thaniel Hart, and others, conclude a treaty with the Cherokees, at Wataga, and for £10,000 acquire the territory between the Ohio, Kentucky, and Cumberland rivers, as far east as the Cumberland mountains. Virginia afterward refuscs to recognize their right to the purchase, but assumes its benefits, and grants them a tract of land 12 miles square, on the Ohio, below the mouth of Green river.
Lord Dunmore issues a proclamation against these purchasers ; prior to which they employ Daniel Boone, who had been their agent with the Cherokees, to mark a road through the southern wilderness, by way of Cumberland Gap, to Cuntuckey, and to erect a fort.
April 1-First fort begun on the south side of the Kentucky river, in what is now Madison county, and finished on June 14; by compliment it is called Boonesbourg or Boonesborough. Settlements are made, and stations or block-houses built, also, at Harrodsburg, and at the Boiling Spring, both in what is now Mercer county, and at St. Asaph's, in what is now Lincoln county.
April-Col. Richard Henderson and Col. John Luttrell, of North Carolina, Capt. William Cocke, and Col. Thomas Slaughter, of Virginia, with a company of about 30 men, arrive at Boonesborough-increasing the military force to about 60 men.
Henderson & Co. open a land office at Boonesborough, and, by Dec. Ist, 560,000 acres of land are entered, deeds being is- sued by said company as " Proprietors of the Colony of Transylvania."
May 23-Pursuant to a call by Col. Hen- derson, representatives, chosen by the people of Transylvania, meet at Boones- borough, agree upon a proprietary govern- ment, and pass nine laws-the first legisla- tive body west of the Allegheny and Cumberland mountains. They adjourn to meet again in September, but never meet.
September-Boone and others bring their wives and children to Kentucky ; Boone's wife and daughter being the first white women that ever stood upon the banks of Kentucky river; and the wives and daughters of Hugh McGary, Richard Hogan, and Thomas Denton the first at Harrodsburg.
Maj. George Rogers Clark visits Ker tueky, but returns before winter.
October-Col. Robert Patterson and six other young men, with John McClellan and family, leave Pennsylvania for Ken- tueky in canoes. At the Salt Lick creek, in what is now Lewis county, Patterson and three men start into the interior, going up this creek to its head, crossing Cabin creek and Stone lick, thenee by way of Mayslick to the Lower Blue Licks, where they meet Simon Kenton and Thomas Williams. They thence proceed across Licking and several branches of the Elk- horn to Leestown ; thence to tho Royal Spring, now Georgetown, where Mcclellan joins them, and they build a fort or sta- tion, and name it after him.
1776-Leestown, one mile below Frank- fort, is established.
Mr. Gibson and Capt. Linn make a trip from Pittsburg to New Orleans to procure military stores for Pittsburg ; and return in 1777 with 136 kegs of powder, which they carry by hand around the Falls.
Jacob and James Sandusky build San- dusky's station, on Pleasant run, in what is now Washington county.
July 7-Miss Betsey Callaway and her sister Frances, daughters of Col. Richard Callaway, and a daughter of Col. Daniel Boone-the first named grown, the others about 14 years old-are captured by five Indians, from a eanoe in the Kentucky river, within sight of Boonesborough.
* American Pioneer, vol. ii, p. 326.
| Western Journal, vol. xii, p. 116.
1779.
ANNALS OF KENTUCKY.
19
Their fathers and friends recapture them, uninjured, next day, thirty miles distant.
Maj. Geo. Rogers Clark moves to Ken- tucky early this year.
June 6-At a general meeting at Har- rodsburg, Clark and Gabriel Jones are chosen agents to the Virginia Assembly, to negotiate for the efficient protection and general good of the new settlements.
Aug. 23-They procure 500 pounds of powder from the Council of Virginia, which they take from Pittsburg down the Ohio, and secrete near Limestone.
- Dec. 25-Col. John Todd and party are sent to Limestone for this powder, under guidance of Gabriel Jones, but when near the Blue Licks are attacked and defeated by Indians, and Jones is killed. Clark afterward takes the powder safely to Har- rodsburg.
Dec. 6-Kentucky county established by Virginia, out of part of Fincastle county.
Dec. 29-Mcclellan's fort (Georgetown) attacked by Indians.
1777, March 7-First siege of Harrods- burg by 47 Indians, under their chief, Blackfish.
April 15-First attack on Boonesbor- ough.
Burgesses chosen to represent the county of Kentucky in the legislature of Vir- ginia.
May 20-Logan's station attacked.
July 4-Second attack on Boonesbor- unich by 200 Indians.
July 25-A party of 45 men arrive at Boonesborough from North Carolina.
Major Clark's spies in the Illinois coun- iry.
Sept .- First court at Harrodsburg. Oct. 1-Clark starts to Virginia.
Dec. 10-Clark opens his plan for con- quering Illinois to Patrick Henry, gov- ernor of Virginia.
Dec. 31-So disastrous have been the Indian hostilities this year, and so dis- couraging to emigration, that only three settlements prove permanent-Boonesbor- ough with 22 men, Harrodsburg with 65, and St. Asaph's, or Logan's fort, with 15, exclusive of the occasional militia sent out from Virginia.
1778, Jan. 2-Col. Clark appointed to lead an expedition against the British posts in Illinois.
Feb. 7-Boone taken prisoner near the Blue Licks.
Feb. 15-The Indians bring Boone to the Blue Licks, and secure the surrender of 27 of his men, who were there making salt, as prisoners, on promise of good treatment-in which they kept faith.
June 10-A party of 450 warriors hav- ing assembled at old Chillicothe, Ohio, for an attack on Boonesborough, Boone makes his escape, and reaches Buonesbor- ough, 160 miles, in 10 days-having had but one meal in that time.
May 25-Disastrous attack by Indians on a boat ascending Salt river.
June - Maj. George Rogers Clark's
troops, on their way to Illinois, land on a small island at the Falls, (afterward called Corn Island), and fortify it.
June 24-Maj. Geo. R. Clark with 153 men, in four companies under Captains Jos, Bowman, Leonard Helm, Wni. Harrod, and Jos. Montgomery, and including Si- inon Kenton and John Haggin, leave camp at the Falls, and going by boat down the Ohio to a point on the Illinois shore, a lit- tle above where Fort Massac was after- ward built, march thence through the wilderness, 120 miles, to Kaskaskja. which fort and village, on the night of July 4, they surprise and capture without firing a gun .*
July 4-Clark sends from Kaskaskia, and two days after captures Cahokia.
Aug. 1-Vincennes voluntarily submits to the Americans.
Boone, with 19 men, goes on an In- dian expedition to Paint Creck town, on the Scioto.
Sept. 7 -- Duchesne, with 11 Frenchmen, and 400 Indians under Blackfish. besiege Boonesborough, for 13 days. They pro- pose "a treaty within 60 yards of the fort," which Boone entered into-an In- dian stratagem which fails ; and for which, and the capitulation or surrender at the Blue Licks, Boone is subjected to a mili- tary investigation. His defense is so sat- isfactory that he is promoted from Captain to Major.t
Oct .- Capt. James Patton, Richard Chen- oweth, John Tuel, Wm. Faith, John Mc- Manus, and others, build a fort and lay the permanent foundation of the city of Louisville.
Virginia grants Col. Henderson & Co. 200,000 acres on the Ohio, below Green river, as above stated.
Oct .- The territory conquered by Col. Clark established by the Legislature of Virginia as Illinois county. Col. John Todd appointed Commandant and County Lieutenant.
Maj. Clark orders Capt. Wm. Linn and the discharged troops from Kaskaskia to return to the Falls, abandon the station on Corn Island, and erect a permanent fort on the main shore. In the fall of 1778, or early in 1779, the first rude stockade is raised near a ravine where 12th street ter- minated in 1838.
Dec .- Gov. Hamilton, the British com- mander at Detroit. captures Vincennes.
1779, Feb. 25-Vincennes, with 81 pris- oners, and $50,000 worth of military stores, under Gov. Hamilton, surrenders to Col. George Rogers Clark and his 170 nien.
April 17-Col. Robert Patterson begins the erection of a fort where Lexington now stands, and lays off that town.
May-Expedition of Col. John Bowmar .. with from 160 to 300 men, against the In- dian town of Old Chillicothe. Ile is com- pelled to retreat, and loses 8 or y men, but kills two celebrated Indian chiefs, Black -
* Reynolds' Illinois, pp. 70-75.
t Western Journal, vol. xii, p, 15, 18.
ANNALS OF KENTUCKY.
1783.
.det and Red Hawk, burns the town and captures 163 horses and other spoil.
Sept .- Legislature of Virginia pre- sents a sword to Col. Geo. R. Clark, and to his Illinois regiment 150,000 acres of land in Indiana, opposite to the Falls-since called " Clark's Grant."
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