USA > Kentucky > Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. I > Part 21
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Dec. 5-Legislature asks congress to send immediate relief to Ireland, in vicw of the want and famine impending over that distressed land ......... 14-Adopts a reso- lution of " thanks to the loyal and brave men who have volunteered to aid and as-
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Daniel W. Jones,
Jesse Meeks,
John H. Morgan,*
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sist the government of the United States in expelling the invaders from our soil 13-Makes absence from the state for 4 months in the service of the United States, no ground for attachment. 23-Makes absence in the Confederate States for 30 days, or in the Confederate army, or leaving home to join the latter, good ground for attachment ........ Adopted resolutions, one protesting against the U. S. arming slaves to be used as soldiers, and another requesting President Lincoln to dismiss from his cabinet Simon Cameron, secretary of war, because in his report he had recommended the arming and making a military use of the slaves ......... Kentucky assumes the payment of her proportion of the direct tax imposed by congress, Aug. 6, 1861.
Dec. 10-Garret Davis elected U. S. sen- ator, " to fill the vacancy occasioned by the expulsion of John C. Breckinridge from that body :" Davis 84, Wm. Johnson 12, Wm. O. Butler 1. Mr. Davis was nominated in a caucus of Union members, receiving 46 votes, to 45 for James Guthrie, on the final ballot.
The Military Board have obtained loans from :
Bank of Kentucky $ 500,000
Northern Bank of Kentucky ..... 350,000
Farmers' Bank of Kentucky .. ... 250,000
Bank of Louisville .. 200,000
Commercial Bank of Kentucky .. 100,000
Bank of Ashland. 35,000
Balance previous loan.
57,559
$1,492,559
Expenditures to Nov. 30. 1,345,680
Balance on hand. $ 146,879 Dec. 10-Kentucky admitted as one of the " Confederate States of America."
Dec. 12-Tho. B. Monroe and Henry C. Burnett take their seats in the Confed- erate congress as senators from Ky.
Dec. 13-Gov. Magoffin, having seen in the Louisville Journal what purported to be an extract from the " message " of his old friend Geo. W. Johnson, recently elected provisional governor of Kentucky- in which he says "I will gladly resign whenever the regularly elected governor shall escape from his virtual imprison- ment at Frankfort, so that you may have the opportunity of placing him at the head of this movement for the emancipation of Kentucky "-writes, in a letter to the Jour- nal :
" I have not seen a copy of the mes- sage ... .... . If the purposes and proceedings of that convention are correctly repre- sented by you, I condemn its action in unqualified terms. Self-constituted, as it was, and without authority from the peo- ple, it cannot be justified by similar revo- lutionary acts, in other states, by minori- ties to overthrow the state governments .. I condemned their action and I condemn the action of this one. My position is and has been and will continue to be, to abide by the will of the majority of the people
of the state-to stand by the constitution and laws of the state of Kentucky, as ex- pounded by the supreme court of the state, and by the constitution and laws of the fed- eral government as expounded by the su- preme court of the United States."
Dec. 17-Battle at Munfordsville, on Green river ; Confederates defeated ; loss 33 killed and 50 wounded, Federal loss 17 killed or mortally wounded, and 13 wounded. On same day, skirmish at Ev- ersole's, in Perry county. 1
62 regiments of Federal soldiers "paid off," in Ky., during this month.
Dec. 22, 23-145 tons of ammunition re- ceived at Louisville, in two days, for the U. S. troops.
Dec. 23-Legislature adjourns until Feb. 12, 1862.
Dec. 25-Skirmish at Jamestown, Rus- sell county.
Dec. 25-In the U. S. senate, Garret Davis, of Ky., gives notice that he shall introduce a bill confiscating every species of property of all persons who have had any connection with the southern rebell- ion-either in a civil, military or naval capacity.
Dec. 27-Engagement at Sacramento, McLean county, between Capt. Robert G. Bacon's company of Federal soldiers, and Confederate troops under Col. Forrest ; former defeated, with 8 killed, 9 wounded, 16 prisoners ; Confederate loss not known.
Dec. 31-New York. Philadelphia, and Boston banks-under the advice of the U. S. Treasury department-suspend specie payments. Ky. banks again refuse to suspend.
1862, Jan. 1-Ky. banks declare small dividends for last six months : Northern Bank 212 per cent, and the Bank of Ky., Bank of Louisville, and Farmers' Bank each 2 per cent.
Jan. 3-In the Ky. provisional legisla- tive council, Henry C. Burnett and Wm. E. Simms elected senators from Ky. to the Confederate congress.
Jan. 4-Union ticket for city officers elected, at Lexington, without opposition.
Jan. 5-Gen. Buell issues an order plac- ing completely under U. S. government su- pervision the navigation on the Ohio river below Louisville ; boats to land only at specified points ; passengers to have passes, and permits required for freight.
Jan. 7-Skirmish at James creek, John- son county.
Jan. 7-Ex-Gov. Chas. S. Morehead re- leascd from Fort Warren.
Jan. 10-Engagement at Forks of Mid- dle creek, ncar Prestonsburg, Floyd county, between Col. Garfield's force and Gen. Humphrey Marshall's ; latter defeated, 27 killed, 25 prisoners ; Federal loss 2 killed, 25 wounded.
Jan. 11-Gun-boat action near Colum- bus.
Jan. 12-Telegraph line, for military purposes, extended from Lebanon, via Danville and Crab Orchard, to Somerset.
Jan. 17-Confederate camp Beauregard,
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at Feliciana, Graves co., captured by Gen. C. F. Smith.
Jan. 19-Battle of Mill Springs, or Lo- gan's cross-roads, in Pulaski county. Maj. Gen. Geo. B. Crittenden, with the 15th Mississippi, 16th Alabama, 17th, 19th, 20th, 25th, 28th, and 29th Tennessee regi- ments, and a battery of six guns-about 4,000 Confederate troops-leaves his in- trenched camp at Beech Grove, on the north bank of the Cumberland river, at 12 o'clock on Saturday night, to attack the approaching Federals. At 6 A. M. on Sun- day, still dark and raining, his advance reaches Logan's cross-roads, 10 miles from his camp, and is fired upon by the pickets of the U. S. forces under Maj. Gen. Geo. H. Thomas. In half an hour the battle was raging furiously, with the 4th Ky. in- fantry under Col. Speed Smith Fry, part of the Ist Ky. cavalry under Col. Franklin S. Wolford, 9th Ohio, 10th Indiana, and 10th Minnesota, about 4,000 in number. For 312 hours the field was hotly contested- " by a most determined and galling fire," part of the time-and the result doubtful. The death, by a pistol shot from Col. Fry, of Brig. Gen. Felix K. Zollicoffer, the second in command, terribly discouraged the Con- federates. The Federals being reinforced by the 12th Ky. under Col. Wm. A. Hos- kins, and the 1st and 2d Tennessee-about 2,500 fresh troops-outflanked the Con- federates, poured in a deadly fire, and forced them to fall back ; and the 9th Ohio, by a bold charge with fixed bayonets broke their ranks, when they retreated in confu- sion to their camp, closely pursued. Fur- ther reinforcements-10th Ky. under Col. John M. Harlan, 14th, 17th, 31st, 35th and 38th Ohio, and 3 batteries-coming up, the entire Federal force, now increased to over 12,000 troops, advanced (unresisted, except by a small party of cavalry for a few minutes) upon the Confederate in- trenchments. "By 5 P. M," says Gen. Thomas' report, " the camp was closely invested, and during the night the troops were disposed, for an assault of the works at daylight on the 20th. Meanwhile, two batteries cannonaded the intrenchments until dark, and two other batteries were directed to fire on their ferry to prevent the Confederates from attempting to cross. The latter, with six guns, returned the fire ; thus deceiving the enemy, while, upon a steamboat and three barges, they crossed their entire force, and burning the boats, took up the line of retreat to Monti- cello." The "assault at daylight" dis- covered an abandoned camp, containing 8 six-pounders and 2 Parrot guns, between 500 and 1,000 " old flint-lock muskets," 160 four-horse wagons, 1,200 horses and mules, and a large amount of ammunition and commissary stores-a most serious loss to the Confederates at that stage of the war.
Jan. 20-Samuel L. Casey elected rep- resentative in the U. S. congress from the Ist district, over Lawrence S. Trimble (both Union)-to fill the vacancy occasioned by
the expulsion of Henry C. Burnett for dis- loyalty (now in the Confederate States senate.)
Jan. 23-Ohio river higher than at any time since Dec., 1847; the freshet called the "flood of 1862;" between 17th and 20th, 3.40 inches of rain fell at Millers- burg.
Jan. 25-A bill pending in the U. S. house of representatives appoints James Guthrie, of Ky., and two others, to locate and construct a military railroad from Danville to East Tennessee.
Great decline in the price of real estate.
Jan. 31 -- Remarkably gloomy weather ; the sun has shone but 45 hours, (an aver- age of less than an hour and a half per day) during this month, and at one time, for the period of 9 days, was not once visi- ble; thermometer has ranged from 18º to 93º, and the mean temperature been 43º 30'.
Feb. 1-Preacher Conway is reported to have said, in Boston, that " President Lin- coln would like to have God on his side, but he must have Kentucky."
Feb. 1-Skirmish near Bowling Green. Feb. 5-The following resolution passes the U. S. senate, by 32 to 14 (Garret Davis voting for, and L. W. Powell against it):
" Whereas Hon. Jesse D. Bright, sen- ator from Indiana, heretofore, on the 1st day of March, 1861, wrote a letter, of which the following is a copy :
WASHINGTON, March 1, 1861.
MY DEAR SIR : Allow me to introduce to your acquaintance my friend Thomas B. Lincoln, of Texas. He visits your capital mainly to dispose of what he re- gards a great improvement in fire-arms. I recommend him to your favorable consid- eration as a gentleman of the first respect- ability, and reliable in every respect.
Very truly, yours, JESSE D. BRIGHT.
To His Excellency, JEFFERSON DAVIS,
President of the Confederation of States.
" And whereas we believe the said letter is evidence of disloyalty to the United States, and is calculated to give aid and comfort to the public enemies : therefore,
" Be it resolved, That the said Jesse D. Bright is expelled from his seat in the senate of the United States."
On the 13th of January preceding, the senate committee on the judiciary, in ref- erence to this resolution, reported "that the facts charged against Mr. Bright were not sufficient to warrant his expulsion from the senate, and they therefore recom- mend that the resolution do not pass." [Mr. Bright removed, not long after, to Carrollton, Ky .; and represented Carroll and Gallatin counties in the Ky. legisla- ture from 1867 to 1871, when he declined a re-election. He is now (1874) a citizen of Covington.]
Feb. 6-Fall of Fort Henry, Tennessee, on the Tennessee river, nearly opposite the Ky. state line ; surrender of Gen. Lloyd Tilghman (of Ky.) with the garrison of 40 men, after a terrific bombardment by 7
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gun-boats, with 10,000 troops under Gen. U. S. Grant on transports ; loss in the fort, 5 killed, and 10 badly wounded; before surrendering, Gen. T. sent off all his troops, about 2,000 infantry.
Feb. 7-Court of appeals reverses a judg- ment of Judge Goodloe, in the Scott cir- cuit court, for $12,000 against Col. Geo. W. Johnson [now provisional governor of Ky.]-thereby sustaining as constitutional the first section of the "stay law," which prevents the rendition of judgments for money until after Jan. 1, 1862.
Feb. 12-Legislature meets in adjourned session .. ... 21-Authorizes trustees of Transylvania university, in consideration of $50,000 additional endowment, to assent to or make such radical changes as would result in blotting out or merging its exist- ence and identity ......... 26-By 68 to 8 in the house, and 21 to 0 in the senate, "ad- dresses " Wm. H. (or " Harry ") Burns out of office as judge of the Montgomery, Bath, Morgan, &c., circuit .. .No turnpike tolls to be exacted from children going to or from schools, whether in vehicles or on horseback ...... 28-Persons 30 days vol- untarily within the lines of the Confeder- ate States required, in all suits brought by them, to give security for costs as if non- residents.
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Feb. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16-Battle of Fort Donelson, Tennessee, on the southwest bank of the Cumberland river, a few miles from the Ky. state line. The Confederate troops, 28 regiments of infantry (not half full) and 3 battalions of cavalry, (eonsid- erably less than 13,000 in all, ) commanded by Gens. John B. Floyd, Gideon J. Pillow, and Simon B. Buckner, for four days and nights maintain themselves against more than three times the number of Federal troops under Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, (41 regiments of infantry, 4 of cavalry, and 10 batteries of artillery ), and 6 gun-boats, of which 4 were iron-elad. The fighting, part of the time, and especially on the 15th, was terribly severe, and the carnage dreadful. On the 14th, the gun-boats were driven off, two disabled and all more or less erippled. On the 16th, Gen. Buckner proposed an armistice until 12 x., and the appointment of commissioners to agree upon terms of capitulation ; but Gen. Grant refused any terms "except unconditional, immediate surrender "-which Gen. Buck- ner was compelled to accept. Confederate loss 231 killed, 1,007 wounded, and (in- cluding the wounded) 5,079 prisoners- Gens. Pillow and Floyd, with their bri- gades, having made their escape, upon two or three small steamboats, during the night previous. Federal loss 331 killed, 1,046 wounded, and 200 missing (taken prisoners on the 15th); this was the smallest number reported; other accounts make the loss much greater. The weather was remarkably severe, part of the time 10° above zero, with hail, snow and sleet. The wounded lay on the ground exposed to this weather-no truce being allowed so as to care for them. Two Ky. regiments |
engaged on each side : On the Confeder- ate, Col. Roger W. Hanson's 2d Ky. (killed 13, wounded 59, missing 47 who were supposed to have escaped to Nash- ville during the night of the 15th) and Col. H. B. Lyon's 8th Ky .; and on the Federal, Col. John H. McHenry's 17th Ky. and Col. Jas. M. Shackleford's 25th Ky.
Feb. 14-Bowling Green evacuated by the Confederates under Gen. Buckner- after destroying both bridges over Barren river, the railroad depot and round-house, flour mill of Judge Wm. H. Payne, saw mill of D. B. Campbell, Washington hotel, and a number of stores and warehouses filled with shoes, blankets, medicines, flour, pork, beef, and other supplies ; total loss of property estimated at $750,000. Tho iron railroad bridge still stood after the mines in the towers of the piers had been exploded, and 13 rounds of cannon were fired at it before its destruction was com- plete.
The Federal troops now pressing south- ward, in 4 grand divisions, under the com- mand of Gens. Alex. McD. McCook, Geo. H. Thomas, Ormsby M. Mitchel, and Thos. L. Crittenden, are composed of 102 regiments of infantry, 10 of cavalry, and 21 batteries of artillery-total 114,000 men and 126 pieces of artillery-the whole commanded by Gen. Don Carlos Buell.
Feb. 15-The senate, yeas 23, nays 0, expels Wm. T. Anthony, senator from Allen co., because "actively engaged in the rebellion," and Dr. John M. Johnson, senator from McCracken co., because he now " holds position in the rebel army."
Feb. 18-Adjutant Gen. John W. Fin- nell's report gives the organization and officers of 28 regiments of Ky. volunteer infantry, 24,026 men; of 6 regiments of cavalry, 4,979 men ; and 2 batteries of ar- tillery, 198 men-in all 29,203, rank and file, in the U. S. service.
Feb. 20-From a report of Grant Green, state auditor, called out by a resolution of the senate, it appears that only 10 coun- ties-Bourbon, Bath, Greenup, Hardin, Jessamine, Mason, Mercer, Owen, Russell, and Woodford-had paid into the treasury their revenue in full for 1861; that 6 others-Boone, Boyle, Bracken, Breckin- ridge, Bullitt, and Fayette-had paid up within less than $280 each ; and that of the total revenue due for 1861, $994,014, there was yet due and unpaid $433,320, or over 431/2 per cent. Total decrease of tax - able property for 1861 as compared with that of 1860, $52,294,131-being in real estate over 7% per cent, in personal estate nearly 10, and in the value of slaves 1812 per cent.
Feb. 25-Federal troops take possession of Nashville, Tennessee.
Feb. 26-Legislature, by 21 to 2 in the senate, and 65 to 8 in the house, " tenders the thanks of Kentucky," to Gens. Albin Schopff, Wm. Nelson, Geo. II. Thomas, Ulysses S. Grant, Henry W. Halleck, and Don Carlos Buell, Col. Jas. A. Garfield,
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and Commodore A. H. Foote, and to " the brave officers and soldiers in their respect- ive commands, every man of them, for their brilliant victories achieved at Wild Cat, Ivy Mountain, Logan's Fields and Mill Spring, Prestonsburg, Fort Henry and Fort Donelson."
Feb. 27-Confederate forces abandon Columbus, and, March 3, Federal troops take possession ; the best engineering tal- ent had made an admirable system of de- fenses.
March 6-President Lincoln sends to the U. S. congress a special message in which he recommends-and enforces, by powerful reasoning, the wisdom and policy of-the adoption of a joint resolution sub- stantially as follows :
" Resolved, That the United States ought to co-operate with any state which may adopt a gradual abolishment of slavery ; giving to such state pecuniary aid-to be used by such state in its discre- tion-to compensate for the inconven- iences, public and private, produced by such change of system."
This resolution subsequently passed the house of representatives by 89 to 31, and, on March 24th, the senate by 32 to 10. Of the Ky. senators, Garret Davis voted for it, and L. W. Powell against it.
March 8-Legislature enacts that no judgment by default shall be taken against persons in U. S. army, and such cases shall be continued for answer ...... .. Common schools commenced and broken up in 1861 may be taught out or completed in 1862 .11-Any person prosecuted or in- dicted for crime may delay trial, by enter- ing military service of Ky. or U. S., nor shall he forfeit his bail until second term after he leaves the service ......... Any citi- zen in Confederate States army or civil service, or who gives voluntary aid and assistance to those in arms against the military forces of U. S. or of Ky. " shall be deemed to have expatriated himself, and shall no longer be a citizen of Ky., nor shall he again be a citizen except by per- mission of the legislature." [This bill passed the senate by 13 to 4, and the house by 45 to 26, was vetoed, March 11, by the governor, in an able message, and passed again, over the veto, by 20 to 5 in the sen- ate, and 55 to 26 in the house]. ..... 14- Public printer shall print hereafter only the following number of copics: 1,000 each of the governor's annual message and auditor's report, 250 each of the reports of the state treasurer and of the two lunatic asylums; 300 each of the blind and of the deaf and dumb asylums, 400 of the insti- tution for the education of feeble-minded children, 6,000 of the superintendent of public instruction, and 500 of the private acts of the legislature ......... 5 cents addi- tional annual tax on each $100 value of taxable property levied ......... Ky. banks of issue to loan $100,000 in each congres- sional district ($1,000,000 in all) in sums of not over $1,000 to each applicant, [as a "relief" measure] ; in return for so doing,
they are for three years released from all the legal penalties and forfeitures for non- payment of specie, and it shall be lawful for them to pay out, receive, deal in, and lend, at par value, U. S. legal tender notes [greenbacks] . . 15 - Proceedings au- thorized "against the governor, members of the council, and other officers of the so- called provisional government, for the re- covery of the revenue seized by them" ...... .. " Military Board " reduced to two persons, John B. Temple, president, and Geo. T. Wood, associate, and their powers in- creased .. .17-Sinking fund money not hercafter to be loaned, except to the state Limitation to suits for usury fixed at one year .. .State Guard law repealed Adjourns to Nov. 24, 1862.
March -U. S. senate refuses to expel Lazarus W. Powell, a senator from Ky. for disloyalty ; the vote stood 11 in favor of expulsion, and 28 against.
March 14-Gen. Garfield surprises a Confederate camp, at Pound Gap, on the summit of the Cumberland mountain, in Letcher county, and burns their barracks, 60 log huts, and a large quantity of stores ; the Confederates fought very bravely, but were outnumbered and forced to retreat into Virginia, with a loss of 7 in killed and wounded.
March 18-Ex-Gov. Chas. S. Morehead released from confinement at Fort Warren, Boston, upon his parole, that " he will not aid or assist the rebellion, either directly or indirectly."
April 2-Hurricane at Paducah : 17 stores, hotels, and the Methodist church, unroofed and partially blown down; 12 persons injured.
April 6, 7-Battle of Pittsburgh Land- ing, or Shiloh, in Hardin co., Tennessee. After a hard-fought battle of 10 hours, on Sunday, April 6, the Confederates, 31,946 strong, under their commander-in-chief Gen. Albert Sidney Johnston, (who was killed at 212 P. M.,) drove the Federals in signal disorder and with terrible slaughter from their position, and pursued them to the Tennessee river, where the gun-boats alone saved them from annihilation or sur- render ; 3,956 prisoners had already been taken. During the night, Gen. Grant was reinforced by over 30,000 fresh troops from Gen. Buell's army and from Gen. Lew. Wallace's division of Grant's army, (in- creasing his entire force to 53,000). The battle was renewed at daylight, on Mon- day, and raged with great fury until 4 P. M., when the Confederates were slowly but steadily forced back, losing the great ad- vantage won at such terrible cost, the day before. Their loss was 1,728 killed, 8.012 wounded, 959 missing-total 10,699; Fed- eral loss 1,735 killed, 7,882 wounded, and 3,956 taken prisoners -- total 13,5.3. Col. Geo. W. Johnson, profisicra. . governor of Ky., while fighting as a private tem- porarily with Capt. Ben, Monroe's 4th Ky., was' 'mortally wounded, and Maj. Tho. B. Moore, jr., killec. On the C.r .- federate side, the Kentuckians lost, in
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killed, wounded and missing, 3d Ky. regi- ment 174, 4th Ky. 213, 6th Ky. 108, 9th Ky. 134, Cobb's battery 37, and Byrne's battery 14-total 680. On the Federal side, were engaged the 1st, 2d, and 3d Ky. cavalry, and the 1st, 2d, 3d, 5th, 6th, 9th, 11th, 13th, 17th, 20th, 23d, 24th, and 26th Ky. infantry ; the Ist infantry lost 64, in killed, wounded and missing, the 2d 74, 3d 60, 6th 113, 13th 43, 17th 89, 20th 24, 23d 33-total 500; the others suf- fered severely, but to what extent is not known. On both sides, the Ky. troops were conspicuous for gallantry and daring.
April 7-Hotel buildings at the Lower Blue Lick springs, in Nicholas co., de- stroyed by fire.
April 12- U. S. congress abolishes slavery in the District of Columbia, im- mediately ; appropriates $100,000 to colc- nize any liberated slaves who may wish to leave the U. S., and $1,000,000 out of which to pay to loyal owners the value of their slaves, not over $300 for each, if ap- plied for in 90 days.
April 28-Grand jury, in the Bourbon circuit court, finds indictments against 34 citizens of the county who have entered the service of the Confederate States, and against 12 others for invading Ky. to make war against the state.
May 5-Public sale of 11 slaves at Rich- mond, Madison co., at prices ranging from $140 to $388-average $246.
May 8-Duel in Bracken co., near Do- ver, with rifles, at 60 yards, between Wm. T. Casto, formerly mayor of Maysville, and Col. Leonidas Metcalfe. Casto chal- lenged, because Metcalfe had arrested and sent him a prisoner to Camp Chase, causing him to be confined there, and at Fort War- ren, for several months; at the first fire, Casto was shot through from side to side, just below the heart, and died in a few minutes.
May 11-Col. John H. Morgan's cav- alry stop a train on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad at Woodland, Hart co., and capture some Federal officers. Same day, at Cave City, they capture and destroy a train of 48 freight and two pas- senger cars-expecting to rescue 280 Con- federate prisoners, but they had been taken off at Bowling Green.
May 12-Skirmish in Wolfe co.
June 1-Brig. Gen. Jerry T. Boyle ap- pointed U. S. military commandant of Ky., head quarters at Louisville. June 9th, he issues "instructions for the guidance of provost marshals," which inaugurates a general system of arrests for opinions' sake: 1. All who joined the Confederate forces, or gave them aid or assistance, or at any time went within their lines, must nowo report themselves to certain provost marshals; take tuo oath of allegiance [see below], and'give. bonds with security for their future good conduct, or else will be arrested and sent to the military prison at Louisville, and thence to. Camp Chase, at Columbus, Ohio, to await the action of the U. S. secretary of war ; 2. All who organ-
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