USA > Kentucky > Collins historical sketches of Kentucky. History of Kentucky: Vol. I > Part 4
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Oct .- Col. David Rogers with Capt. Rob- ert T. Benham, and 70 men, are sent from Pittsburgh to New Orleans for clothing and military supplies for the western posts. They reach, with two laden keel-boats, the sand-bar on the Kentucky shore, about 512 miles above the mouth of the Licking, when they are attacked by about 200 In- dians, who slaughter them all but about 20, who escape to Harrodsburg.
Bryan's station, five miles north-east- ward of Lexington, Ruddle's and Martin's stations, on the south fork of Licking river, settled.
Oct. 13-The Virginia land commission- ers, Wm. Fleming, Edmund Lyne, Jaines Barbour and Stephen Trigg open their session at St. Asaph's.
1780, Jan .- The " hard winter ;" game frozen in the forest, and cattle around the stations. Corn sells at $50 to $175 (Conti- nental money ) per bushel.
May-Virginia grants land in Kentucky for educational purposes.
June 22-Col. Byrd, of the British army, with six field-pieces, and six hun- dred Canadians and Indians, coming down the Big Miami and up the Licking, com- pels the surrender of Ruddle's and Mar- tin's stations.
July-Col. George Rogers Clark and two regiments (998 men) under Cols. Benj. Lo- gan and W'm. Linn-part of whom are from Louisville and part from the inte- rior-rendezvous at Covington, and build a block-house where Cincinnati now is, for the purpose of leaving some stores, and some men who were wounded in an Indian attack on Capt. Hugh MeGary's company, which marched part of the way on the In- diana side of the river, while the main body kept the Kentucky side. [This was the first house ever built in Cincinnati.] The expedition is very successful in sur- prising and destroying the Indian towns of Chillicothe, Piqua, and Loramie's store.
No less than 300 large family boats filled with emigrants arrive at the Falls, during this spring.
The town of Louisville is " established " at the Falls of the Ohio, by act of the Vir- ginia Legislature.
Col. Clark, by direction of Gov. Jeffer- son, builds Fort Jefferson, on the Missis- sippi river, five miles below the mouth of the Ohio, in the lands of the Chickasawy and Choctaws.
Nov. 1-The county of Kentucky is sub- divided into three counties : Jefferson, with John Floyd colonel, Win. Pope lieutenant- colonel, and George May surveyor ; Lin- coln, with Benj. Logan colonel, Stephen Trigg lieutenant-colonel, and Jas. Thomp- Bon surveyor; and Fayette, with John Todd colonel, Daniel Boone lieutenant-
colonel, and Col. Thomas Marshall (father of the great Chief Justice of the U. S.) surveyor.
1781, Jan. 22-Col. George Rogers Clark is commissioned by Gov. Jefferson as "brig- adier-general of the forees to be embodied in an expedition westward of the Ohio."
Great emigration of girls to Kentucky. Fort Jefferson, with a garrison of 30 men under Capt. George, after a five days' siege by Chickasaws and Choctaws, drives them off with terrible carnage.
1782, March 22-Capt. James Estill de- feated and killed, after a gallant battle near Little Mountain, (now Mount Ster- ling) ; it is known as Estill's defeat.
Aug. 12 -- Capt. Holder, with 17 men, de- feated near the Upper Blue Licks.
Aug. 15-Bryan's station, with a garri- son of 40 or 50 men, is besieged for two days by 600 Indians and a few British soldiers under Maj. Caldwell and the rene- gades Simon Girty and MeKee-who retire with a loss of about 30 warriors.
Aug. 19-These Indians are pursued and overtaken at the Lower Blue Licks by 182 Kentuckians, under Cols. Todd, Trigg, and Boone, who are defeated in one hour with terrible carnage-losing 60 killed, 12 wounded, and 7 taken prisoners.
Aug. 25-Col. Archibald Loehry, Capts. Orr, Stokely, Campbell, and Shannon, and 101 men, when on their way down the Ohio to the Falls to join Gen. Clark's expedition, land on the Indiana shore, at a ereck since called Lochry's, nine miles below the great Miami, and are fired on by Indians from the bluff ; 42 killed and 64 taken prisoners.
Fort Nelson built at Louisville, on a spot now north of Main, and between 5th and 8th streets.
Nov .- Gen. George Rogers Clark, with 1,050 men-one division under Col. John Floyd, which rendezvoused at the Falls, and another under Col. Benj. Logan, at Bryan's station, uniting at the mouth of Licking-marches rapidly up the Miami river, 130 miles, destroys, Nov. 10th, the principal Shawnee town, Loramie's store, and other towns-the property and pro- vision burned being very valuable, and sur- passing all idea of Indian stores. No large body of Indians thenceforward invade Ken- tucky.
Nov. 30-Treaty of peace between the United States and Great Britain is signed at Paris, France; but the news does not reach Kentucky until the next spring.
1783, March-Kentucky is formed into one distriet, and a District Court opened at Harrodsburg, March 3, by John Floyd and Samuel McDowell as judges-the third judge, George Muter, not attending until 1785.
Danville founded, as a place to hold the court.
2nd store in Kentucky opened by Col. Daniel Brodhead, at Louisville.
Some distilleries built south of the Ken- tucky river, for distilling spirits from In- dian corn.
Col. John Floyd killed by Indians.
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21
ANNALS OF KENTUCKY.
1788.
1784, Feb .- Col. James Wilkinson opens the third store in Kentucky, at Lexing- ton.
Gen. Logan calls an informal meeting of the people at Danville, (the capital of Kentucky until 1792,) on the state of the district.
Simon Kenton, after nine years absence, returns to his deserted improvements, three miles from where Maysville now is, and erects a blockhouse or station.
He also, with Edward Waller, John Waller, and George Lewis, erects a block- house at Limestone ( Maysville). The route hence, by the Lower Blue Licks to Lex- ington, becomes a favorite avenue for im- migration.
Nelson county formed out of Jefferson.
Dec. 27-First Convention held at Dan- ville, and separation from Virginia dis- cussed, but referred to a second conven- tion.
Louisville contains " 63 houses finished, 37 partly finished, 22 raised but not cov- ered, and more than 100 cabins."
1785, April-The Mississippi river swells to the height of 30 feet above the high- est water mark previously known ; the town of Kaskaskia is completely inundated, and the whole " American Bottom " overflown.# This, for many years, was remembered as the year of the great waters-" L'année des grandes eaux."
May 23-Second Convention adopts an address to the Assembly of Virginia, and one to the people of Kentucky, together with strong resolutions in favor of separa- tion.
Aug. 8-Third Convention adopts two new addresses, in bolder terms than be- fore.
Bourbon, Mercer, and Madison counties formed; and the towns of Harrodsburg and Shippingport established.
Sunday, Oct. 16-Col. James Mon- roe, then a member of Congress, (and afterward President of the U. S., ) reaches Limestone, or Maysville, via the Ohio river, and returns to Virginia via Lexing- ton and the " wilderness."
Generals George Rogers Clark, Richard Butler, and Parsons make a treaty with the Indians, at Fort McIntosh, at the mouth of the Great Miami.
Oct. 26-Indians steal 60 horses from a station near Limestone.
1786, Jan .- Gen. George Rogers Clark negotiates a treaty with the Shawnees and Delawares, at the mouth of the Big Mi- ami, by which the United States are ac- knowledged to be the sole and absolute sovereigns of all the territory ceded by the treaty of peace with Great Britain in 1783.
Jan .- First act of Virginia favoring a separation of Kentucky, on certain condi- tions.
Towns of Frankfort, Stanford, and Washington established.
April-Col. Wm. Christian killed by Indians.
Sept .- Gen. George Rogers Clark's third expedition against the Indians. With 1000 men he leaves Louisville by land for Vincennes, sending his provisions in keel boats up the Wabash-which, from the de- lay by low water, and the heat of the weather, are spoiled. Insubordination, de- sertions, and other misconduct of some of the officers and troops, prevent any thing from being effected.
Gen. Clark detaches Col. Benj. Logan from his camp at Silver Creek, opposite to Louisville, to return to Kentucky and raise troops for an expedition against the Shaw- necs. Logan, with 400 or 500 men, crosses the Ohio at Limestone, penetrates the In- dian country to the headwaters of the Mad river, burns 8 large towns, destroys many fields of corn, kills about 20 war- riors, including the head chief of the na- tion, and captures 70 or 80 prisoners ; his own loss about 10 men.
Oct .- Second act of Virginia, postpones the separation of Kentucky until Jan. 1, 1789.
1787, May-Meeting at Danville, in re- lation to the navigation of the Mississippi.
June-Gen. James Wilkinson, with a small cargo of tobacco and other produce (the first), descends to New Orleans, sells at a good price, and obtains from the Spanish governor, Miro, "permission to import, on his own account, to New Or- leans, free of duty, all the productions of Kentucky." He was to furnish tobacco for the king of Spain, at $9.50 per cwt., while in Kentucky it would cost him but $2.00 per cwt.
Aug. 18-John and Fielding Bradford establish, at Lexington, the Kentuck: Ga- zette-the first newspaper in the district, and (except the Pittsburgh Gazette) the first in the West.
Sept. 17-Fifth Convention, at Danville, unanimously decides in favor of separa- tion, on the terms offered by Virginia.
Towns of Bealsborough, Charleston (at mouth of Lawrence creek, below Lime- stone ), Maysville, Danville, and Warwick (on Kentucky river, near Harrod's land- ing), established.
1788-Counties of Mason and Woodford formed by Virginia.
Almanacs first printed in the West, at Lexington.
June 23-Convention of Virginia de- cides, by a vote of 88 to 78, in favor of adopting the constitution of the United States-the Kentucky delegation voting 11 against it, and 3 in its favor.
July 3-Congress refers to the new gov. ernment, the subject of the admission of Kentucky into the Union. Great opposi- tion to it is felt by the Eastern states un- less Vermont or Maine is admitted at the same time.
July 10-John Brown, a member of the Old Congress, from Virginia, communicates to Judges McDowell and Muter. that Don Gardoqui, the Spanish minister, " had authority to grant to the people of Ken-
* Hall's Sketches, vol. i., p. 173.
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22
ANNALS OF KENTUCKY.
1791.
tucky the navigation of the Mississippi. and the exportation of produce to New Orleans on terms of mutual advantage, if they would erect themselves into an inde- pendent state, and appoint a proper person to negotiate with the minister; but that this privilege never can be extended to them while part of the United States, by reason of commercial treaties existing be- tween Spain and other powers of Europe." #
July 28-Sixth Convention, at Danville, adjourns without other action than calling another convention, with full discretionary powers.
Spanish intrigues in Kentucky, during this year.
Dr. John Conolly in Kentucky, as a British agent.
Nov. 4-Seventh Convention at Dan- ville.
The town of Bardstown established.
Nov .- Maj. Benj. Stites, with a party of 18 or 20-among them Col. Spencer, Maj. Gano, Judge Wm. Goforth, Francis Dunlevy, Maj. Kibbey, Rev. John Smith, Judge Foster, Colonel Brown, Mr. Hubbell, Capt. Flinn, Jacob White, and John Ri- ley-lands at the mouth of the Little Mi- ami river, constructs a log fort, and lays out the town of Columbia.
Dec .- Gen. Harmar sends Capt. Kear- sey with 48 soldiers to Limestone, thence to the fort at Columbia, to protect the set- tlers ; but the great flood rendering it dif- ficult to reach that fort, they go on to North Bend, and in March to the Falls.
Matthias Denman, of New Jersey, pur- chases of Judge Symmes (for about $500 in Continental certificates, then equal to about $125 in specie) the fraction of land on the bank of the Ohio river, and the entire section adjoining it on the north, (about 800 acres) which-on the survey of Symmes's grant-should be found to lie opposite the mouth of the Licking river. A party of 12 or 15, formed at Limestone (Maysville), under Col. Robert . Patterson and John Filson (to whom Denman had agreed to sell one-third interest each in the new town), lands Dec. 28, 1788, at that point-a plan of the town having been agreed upon before embarking, and the name of Losantiville given to it by Filson (the Kentucky historian), who in the spring is to survey the town, stake off the lots, and superintend the sale. Filson ventures too far from a surveying party and is mur- dered by Indians.
Dec. 27-Third act of Virginia in favor of separation.
1789, Jan. 29-A party of adventurers leave Limestone under Judge Symmes, in flat boats, and at great hazard on account of ice, early in Feb. reach North Bend, where Judge S. founds a city, and each adventurer receives a donation lot.
Jan .- No votes given in the district of Kentucky, for electors of President and Vice President of the United States.
Feb. 12-Correspondenec between Gen. George Washington and Col. Thomas Mar- shall, respecting British and Spanish in- trigues in Kentucky.
The town of Hopewell (now Paris) es- tablished.
July 20-Eighth Convention assembles and remonstrates against the conditions of separation contained in the third act of Virginia.
Dec. 18-Fourth act of separation passed by Virginia, complying with the wishes of Kentucky.
John Cummins is the first child born at Losanteville (Cincinnati).
Mr. Kaye erects the first brick house in Louisville.
1790, Jan. 8-Washington, in Mason county, has 119 houses.
Jan .- A boat with 10 or 12 persons, one a woman, is captured about 15 miles above Limestone by Indians, boat turned adrift with nine dead bodies of men, and the woman and the rest missing.
March-Indians kill 10 or 12 persons at Kenton station, near Limestone, and tem- porarily break it up.
Indian depredations and massacres of small parties of whites very frequent.
July 26-Ninth Convention accepts the terms of Virginia, and fixes June 1, 1792, for the independence of the State of Ken- tucky. 1
Oct .- Col. Trotter leads the Kentuckians at Harmar's defeat.
Dec .- Kentuckians petition Congress to fight Indians in their own way. A local Board of War is appointed in Kentucky.
April 18-Gen. Harmar, with 100 troops of the United States Army and Gen. Scott, with 230 Kentucky volunteers, march from Limestone (Maysville), by a circuit- ous route, to the Scioto river, and thence down to its mouth (where Portsmouth now is), in order to intercept some of the hos- tile bands. The march was almost fruit- less, only 4 Indians being killed.
Population of Kentucky, white 61,133 free colored 114; slaves 12,430; total 73,677.
1791, Jan .- Local Board of War for the district of Kentucky established by Con- gress, and Brig .- Gen. Chas. Scott, Harry Innes, John Brown, Benjamin Logan, and Isaac Shelby appointed-with discretion- ary power to provide for the defense of the settlements, and the prosecution of the war.
Feb .- Congress agrees to admit Ken, tucky as a State, on the Ist of June, 1792.
March-Gen. Arthur St. Clair is ap- pointed commander-in-chief of the army in the North-west.
May 23 -- By arrangement of the Kentucky Board of War, Gen. Chas. Scott, with 800 mounted Kentucky volunteers, crosses the Ohio, at the mouth of the Kentucky, marches against the Indian towns on the Wabash near where Lafayette now is, burns Quiatenon (a village of 70 houses) and other towns, defeats the Indians sev. eral times, and captures many prisoners.
* Western Journal, vol. xiv, p. 385.
1793.
ANNALS OF KENTUCKY.
23
Aug. 1-The Kentucky Board of War sends another expedition of 523 men, un- der Col. James Wilkinson, to destroy the towns on Eel river, near its junction with the Wabash. They burn several towns, one with 120 houses (of which 80 were shingle-roofed), cut down 430 acres of corn, in the milk, and otherwise greatly distress the Indians, and on Aug. 21st, reach Louisville with their prisoners.
Nov. 4-Gen. St. Clair's expedition against the Indians on the Maumee ends most disastrously. Upon the banks of a small branch of the Wabash, just south of the headwaters of the St. Mary of the Maumee, the army of 1400 men and 86 officers (regulars and Kentucky militia) is surprised and overpowered by Indians, un- der Brant and Little Turtle, and defeated with terrible slaughter-losing 890 wien and 16 officers in killed and wounded. Gen. Richard Butler is among the killed.
Dec .- The ninth and last Convention elected, to meet in April next to form the constitution of Kentucky.
1792, April 3-The Convention meets at Danville and drafts a constitution which is adopted.
May-Gen. Isaac Shelby is elected first governor of Kentucky.
June 1-Kentucky is admitted into the Union as a State.
June 4-The governor and legislature as- semble at Lexington.
June 6-Gov. Shelby meets the legisla- ture in person, and delivers his first " mes- sage " orally.
Robert Todd, John Edwards, John Al- len, Henry Lee, and Thos. Kennedy, as commissioners, fix upon Frankfort as the seat of government of the new State.
The members of the legislature receive $1 per diem, and $12 each for the whole session.
May 22-Col. John Hardin and Major Truman start on a peace mission to the Indians in North-west Ohio, and are mur- dered.
Aug .- First paper mill in Kentucky, or in the West, established by Craig, Parkers & Co., in Georgetown, at the Royal Spring ; it continues in steady operation until 1836, when it is burned down.
Sept .- Treaty at Fort Knox with the Wabash and Illinois Indian tribes-which the U. S. Senate, in Feb., 1793, refused to ratify because the 4th article guaranteed to the Indians their lands.
Oct .- A great council of all the north- western Indians at Au Glaize, or Fort Defiance, in Ohio territory.
Nov. 6-Maj. John Adair and about 100 Kentucky militia attacked near Fort St. Clair (now Eaton, Ohio) by a large body of Indians under Little Turtle ; after a gallant fight, in which they several times drive back the Indians, they are forced to retreat with loss of 6 men killed, 5 wounded, their eamp equipage and 140 pack horses.
The towns of Mt. Sterling, Shelbyville, and Versailles established.
1793, April 1-Morgan's station, on Slate
creek, seven miles east of Mt. Sterling, captured, and 19 women and children taken prisoners.
Numerous Indian depredations-the last in Kentucky.
Sept .- Gen. Anthony Wayne calls for mounted volunteers from Kentucky ; but, having lost confidence in the regular troops in Harinar's and St. Clair's defeats, Kentuckians refuse to volunteer.
Sept. 28-Gov. Shelby orders a draft, which is successful.
Oct. 24-Gen. Chas. Scott, with 1000 mounted Kentuckians, joins Gen. Wayne, six miles north of Fort Jefferson, and 80 miles north of Cincinnati ; but from the lateness of the season, and want of prepa- rations, his troops are sent home.
Nov. 1-Kentucky legislature meets at Frankfort, the new capital, for the first time, in a large frame house of Maj. James Love, on the river bank. First apportion- ment law assigns the 47 representatives- to Fayette 6, Bourbon 5; Lincoln, Mercer, Madison, Mason, Nelson, and Woodford 3 each ; Clark, Jefferson, Scott, and Washing- ton 2 each ; and 1 each to Green. Hardin, Harrison, Logan, and Shelby. The gov- ernor's salary was fixed at $1,000 ; that of court of appeals judges, $66613 ; judges of court of oyer and terminer, $100: and $33313 for the secretary of state, treasurer, auditor, and attorney general.
Democratic societies, on the model of one at Philadelphia, established at George- town, Paris, and Lexington ; they are op- posed to the foreign and domestic policy of Washington's administration. That at Lexington resolves " that the right of the people on the waters of the Mississippi, to its navigation, is undoubted, and ought to be peremptorily demanded of Spain, by the United States government."
The French minister, Genet, sends four agents to Kentucky, to engage men in an expedition against New Orleans and the Spanish possessions. George Rogers Clark accepts a commission as " Major General in the armies of France, and commander- in-chief of the revolutionary legions on the Mississippi river," and issues " pro- posals for raising volunteers for the re- duction of the Spanish posts on the Mis- sissippi, for opening the trade of said river, and giving freedom to its inhabitants."
Nov. 9-The first newspaper northwest of the Ohio river, established at Cincin- nati, by Wm. Maxwell, entitled "Centi- nel of the North-western Territory ;" 12 by 19 inches in size.
Nov. 16-First line of "Ohio Packet Boats " (flat or keel boats) established at Cincinnati, to make trips to Pittsburgh and return, monthly ; with separate cabin for ladies ; persons may work their pas- sage ; offices for insuring goods, at the ter- mini, and at Limestone ( Maysville).
Dec. 7-Gen. St. Clair, governor of the North-west Territory, issues, from Mari- etta, his proclamation enjoining neutrality as between France and Spain, and warn- ing citizens not to join any expedition
24
ANNALS OF KENTUCKY
1798,
against New Orleans and the Spanish pos- , each. The governor's salary is raised to sessions.
The towns of Cynthiana, Falmouth, Shepherdsville, Springfield, Winchester, and Wilmington (in Scott county), estab- lished.
1794, April 15-" Good old Kentucky salt" is advertised for sale in Cincinnati.
May 14-La Chaise, one of the French agents, informs the Lexington society that "unforeseen events had stopped the march of 2000 brave Kentuckians to go, by the strength of their arms, to take from the Spaniards the empire of the Mis- sissippi, insure to their country the naviga- tion of it, hoist up the flag of liberty in the name of the French republic," etc.
May 24-Violent resolutions pass at a meeting at Lexington.
June-Remonstrance of citizens of Ky., " to the President and Congress of the U. S.," in reference to the injuries and in- sults offered to the U. S., by the King of Great Britain, and in reference to the free and undisturbed navigation of the Missis- sippi, to which they are entitled by nature and stipulation, and yet, since 1733, the Spanish King has prevented the exercise of that right.
July-Unsuccessful Indian attack on Fort Recovery.
July 26-Gen. Chas. Scott, with 1600 Kentucky volunteers, joins Gen. Wayne, with his 1600 regulars.
Aug. 20-In one hour, Gen. Wayne de- feats nearly 2000 Indians and 70 Canadi- ans, at Fallen Timbers, (about 11 miles southwest of Toledo, Ohio) ; Indians leave 40 dead upon the field; American loss, 33 killed and 40 wounded.
First successful steamboat in the west, at Lexington, Kentucky.
Towns of Greensburg, Port William (now Carrollton), and Newtown (Jefferson county ), established.
1795, March 5-Three large lots of land, 120,000 acres cach, in Kentucky and Penn- sylvania, are purchased for emigrants from Wales. The principal settlement is in Nel- son county, Kentucky, 5 miles from Salt river.
July-Thomas Power sent by Caronde- let, the Spanish governor of Louisiana, to concert with the people of Kentucky a commercial treaty for the navigation of the Mississippi; in consequence of which, Judge Sebastian meets Col. Gayoso at New Madrid. The agreement is, however, de- feated by the United States treaty with Spain, Oct. 27.
.
Aug. 3-Treaty with the North-western Indians at Greenville, Ohio, establishes a peace unbroken until 1812.
Nov. 2-A bill passes the Senate at this session, for selling to Elisha J. Hall & Co., all the public lands of Kentucky, south of Green river. for $250,000, payable in short installinents ; the bill is defeated in the House; by a vote of 19 to 13.
The auditor, treasurer, and secretary of state are required to live at the scat of gov- ernment, and their salaries raised to $600
$1,33313, and the per diem of members of the legislature to $1.50 per day (from $1.00).
The Kentucky legislature attempts, but fails, to remove, by address, two judges of the supreme court, George Muter and Benj. Sebastian.
An act is passed, obliging every white male, over sixteen, to kill a certain num- ber of crows and squirrels each year.
Daniel Boone removes west of the Mis- sissippi river, to what is now St. Charles county, Missouri.
Kentucky Academy established, under Presbyterian auspices. $10,000 subscribed in the East, towards its endowment, of which President George Washington and Vice-President John Adams contribute $100 each, and Aaron Burr $50 .*
1796-In the beginning of this year, Cincinnati has more than 100 log cabins, 12 or 15 frame houses, and about 600 pop- ulation.
May-Gen. James Garrard elected sec- ond governor, over Gen. Benj. Logan.
Dec .- Gen. Anthony Wayne, on his way from Detroit to Philadelphia, is taken sick at Erie, Pa., and dies.
Lexington Library established, with 400 volumes; increased in 1872 to over 12,000.
1797-The office of Falls Pilot at Louis- ville created.
The " Kentucky Mirror " newspaper established at Washington, by Wmn. Hunter and Beaumont, who afterward rc- move it to Frankfort.
May-Of 9,814 votes returned in the state, 5,446 are for a convention to revise the constitution ; 5 counties, out of 21, make no return. The convention bill fails to pass the senate.
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