USA > Massachusetts > Worcester County > Southbridge > Town annual reports of the officers of Southbridge for the year ending 1952-1956 > Part 44
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Drain pipes above ground shall be secured by irons to walls, suspended from floor beams by strong iron hangers, or supported on brick piers at points sufficiently close to keep them in alignment and carry the weight of pipe and contents. Proper manholes shall be supplied to reach cleanouts and traps. Every drain pipe shall have a fall of not less than one- quarter inch per foot, and shall be extended from a point ten feet outside the inside face of the wall unobstructed, un- less special permission has been granted by the Board of Health for the use of a running trap at the entrance to build- ings; to and through the roof, undiminished in size, and to a height of not less than two feet above the roof and not less than one foot above the top of any window or opening within fifteen feet, and not less than eight feet above the roof if the roof is used for a garden or similar purpose. The drain pipe shall be supplied with a Y branch fitted with a brass cover cleanout or with an iron stopper if required, on the direct run, at or near the point where the drain leaves the building. Changes in direction shall be made with long angle and long sweep bends, and all connections with horizontal or vertical
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pipes shall be made with Y branches. Soil and waste pipes shall have the proper Ty or Y branches for all fixture con- nections. Saddle hubs or double hubs shall not be used. All drain pipes shall be exposed to sight within the building, if such exposure is practicable, and shall not be subjected to pressure where they pass through the wall. All joints in hub and spigot cast iron pipe shall be made with oakum and molten lead, run full and caulked gas and water tight, and no cement joints nor connections between iron and cement or tile pipe or brick drains shall be made within any building.
Soil and waste pipes shall not have less than the follow- ing diameters:
Minimum branch waste
11/2 inches
Minimum branch waste for urinals
2 inches
Branch waste for sinks
11/2 inches
Branch waste for wash trays
11/2 inches
Main waste
2 inches
Main waste for sinks, five floors or more
3 inches
Soil pipe (except as provided in section 7)
4 inches
Branch waste for sink and tray combination Slop sink waste
2 inches
3 inches
Minimum branch waste for sinks equipped with grease traps
2 inches
STEAM EXHAUSTS
No steam or vapor or water of a temperature over one hundred and thirty degrees Fahrenheit shall be discharged from any premises into a sewer, drain or catch basin, nor shall any matter or thing be discharged into any sewer which may tend to cause obstruction of the sewer, or a nuisance or deposit therein or an injury thereto.
All pressure steam boilers connected to the drain shall be connected with a blow-off tank of a capacity not less than thirty percent of the largest boiler connected with such tank. The location of and the connections to said blow-off tank shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Health.
No steam exhaust or steam drip, unless it be connected with the blow-off tank, shall be connected with any drain leading to the sewer. Every blow-off tank shall be supplied with a vapor pipe not less than two inches in diameter which shall be carried above the roof and above the highest windows of the building.
The Board of Health may require such additional means of cooling the blow-off tanks by the injection of cold water or otherwise as may be necessary to reduce the temperature of the water passing from the blow-off tank so that it shall not exceed one hundred and thirty degrees Fahrenheit. The discharge from blow-off tanks shall be carried ten feet outside the building before entering house sewer.
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TRAPS
Section 4. The waste pipe of every independent fixture shall be furnished with a separate trap, which shall be placed as near as practicable to the fixture which it serves. A com- bination sink and tray may be connected with the house drain through one drum trap or through a two inch 1/2 S brass trap, when outlets are not over three feet six inches apart; but the outlet of each fixture shall enter the trap separately. Lead bends for water closets or slop sinks shall not be used to connect waste from other fixtures. The connections be- tween drainage pipes and earthenware traps shall be made by means of brass or iron flanges caulked, soldered or screwed to the drainage pipes and bolted to the earthenware and the joint made of grafting wax, red or white putty, except in the case of water sealed flanges where an approved gasket may be used. All traps shall be of open form, and traps depending upon concealed partitions to retain their seal will not be ap- proved, except for earthenware fixtures, where the trap seal is plainly visible. Trap screws for cleaning purposes shall be placed in all metal traps, and where such traps are placed in connection with fixtures, they shall be so installed that the water seal will protect the trap screw from sewer air. Traps shall be of lead, cast iron or brass, except that drum traps shall be of lead or brass.
SPECIAL TRAPS
Section 5. Special wastes and Traps. Drainage from sta- bles, garages, laboratories, special fixtures and kitchens shall be installed in accordance with plans approved by the Board of Health.
When liquid wastes from barns, stables, manure pits and the stable yards are permitted to enter the sewer system, they shall be intercepted by a properly trapped catch basin of suit- able size and design.
Washing machines should be connected with a deep sealed trap and an open inlet. No tapping of the soil pipe to be al- lowed.
All discharge lines from garages, service pits, washstands, and other structures where gasoline, naptha or other inflam- mable oils or compounds are used shall be provided with a catch basin, properly trapped, or gasoline and oil interceptor approved by the Board of Health, so designed as to safeguard against the entrance of sand, oil, gasoline, or other inflam- mable compound into the sewers. The device shall be ventil- ated with a separate pipe to a point 3 feet above the roof. These catch basins and interceptors shall have the accumu- lated oil, gasoline or other inflammable liquids, sand, silt or other solids, removed at regular intervals.
Grease interceptors or grease traps of a type approved by
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the Board of Health shall be installed on the waste pipes from all pot or dishwashing sinks or machines in every kitchen, pantry or serving room, except in private dwellings and in cases where said sinks or machines are connected directly to an outside grease trap by means of independent waste pipes. The trap shall be placed as near as practicable to the fixtures which it serves, shall be of sufficient size, easily accessible to open and clean. Every building from which, in the opinion of the Board of Health, grease may be discharged in such quantity as to clog or injure the sewer shall have a grease trap located outside the building at a point approved by the Board of Health.
Waste and vent pipes, traps and fittings serving fixtures in chemical laboratories shall be of approved acid-resisting materials made for the purpose. The arrangement of piping shall be subject to the approval of the Board of Health. So- called acid-resisting hub and spigot cast-metal pipe of the same dimensions as extra heavy cast-iron hub and spigot pipe or other approved corrosion-resisting pipe may also be used for waste and vent pipes.
CLEANOUTS
Section 6. Cleanouts, known as Boston Regulation Pat- tern, shall be placed at changes in direction and at foot of vertical stack, or other points necessary to make all portions of horizontal drainage system accessible for cleaning pur- poses at every fifteen feet.
BACK AIR PIPES, VENTS, ETC.
Section 7. All branches of soil or waste pipe, if more than fifteen feet in developed length, shall be extended through the roof undiminished in size or re-vented into the main vent system. All connections on lead waste and back air pipes and of lead pipes to brass ferrules and soldering nipples shall be full size wiped soldered joints. Traps shall be pro- tected from siphonage or air pressure by iron, lead, brass or copper air pipes of a size not less than the waste pipes they serve. Continuous system shall be used and back air pipes shall not be connected to the trap or branched into the waste pipe except where a continuous vent is not practicable. Back air pipes shall enter the waste pipe within twenty-four inches measured horizontally of the trap and shall be a continuation of the waste pipe. Air pipes for water closet traps shall be of 2" internal diameter if for not more than three fixtures and less than thirty-five feet in length; if for not more than three fixtures or more than thirty-five feet in length, they shall be of 3" internal diameter. Air pipes shall run as direct as prac- ticable, and if one and one-half inches in diameter shall not exceed thirty feet in length. Two or more air pipes may be
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connected together or with a vent pipe, but, in every such case the connection shall be above the top of the fixture.
The traps for the upper fixtures on a line of soil or waste pipe if within five feet horizontal developed length of the stack and the outlets of which connect independently to the stack, shall not require a special air pipe unless the outlets are branched into the stack more than 18 inches below the floor line, or if the waste pipes from said traps are less than 3 inches in diameter and have more than 1/4 inch per foot pitch. Diameters of vent pipes shall be not less than 2 inches for main vents through less than seven stories, three inches for water closets on more than three floors, and for other fixtures in more than seven stories. All vent and air pipes shall be at least four inches in diameter before passing through the roof. Vent lines shall be connected at the bottom with a soil or waste pipe or with a drain, in such manner as to prevent ac- cumulation of rust scale and properly to drip the water of condensation. Offsets shall be made at an angle of not less than forty-five degrees. Drain soil, waste and vent pipes shall be supported at least every eight feet on horizontal runs, and at least once to every story on vertical lines. In buildings where a series of bathrooms or kitchens are located directly over each other and have a common soil or waste pipe the back air pipe required shall be a vent connecting with each outlet branch close to the water closet connection or outlet from the sink trap, each branch vent to connect to vent line above the top of the highest fixture on each floor, the vent line to connect to main vent line above the top of the highest fix- ture in the building. In the case of batteries of water closets, the special air pipe from each trap may be omitted, provided that the soil or waste pipe, undiminished in size for batteries up to and including four such water closets is continued to a point above the roof or re-vented into the main soil pipe system above the top of the uppermost fixture. Stall urinals and floor drains may have the same system of battery ventila- tion, providing the waste pipe is one inch larger than the traps of the fixtures they serve. The waste pipes from urinals shall be the size of the discharge opening in urinal and in no case shall it be less than two inches in diameter, unless wall hung, and in such case an inch and a half trap may be used.
A 3" soil or waste stack shall be sufficient for not more than two bath tubs, two water closets, two lavatories and two sinks or sink and tray combinations provided that all fixtures are vented except those entering the soil stack or waste pipe at the highest point on said pipe and that said stack shall con- nect into not less than a 4" soil or waste pipe.
UNIT SCHEDULE FOR ABOVE INSTALLATIONS
1 water closet 6 units 1 lavatory
1 kitchen sink
11/2 units 1 bath tub 2 units
1 unit
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1 laundry tray 3 units 1 combination fixture 3 units
1 urinal 3 units 1 shower bath 3 units
1 floor drain 3 units 1 slop sink 4 units
1 water closet, lavatory, bath tub or shower
8 units
Any combination of the fixtures contained in the fore- going (Unit Schedule) excluding urinals, not exceeding 22 units, may be used on a 3" soil or waste stack, as provided above.
All garbage disposal appliances connected to a plumbing system shall be connected to the waste or soil pipe independ- ent of any other fixture with not less than a 2" waste pipe and shall be vented as per above.
SCHEDULE OF BACK AIR PIPES AND VENTS FOR FIXTURES
FIXTURES
Size of Pipe (inches)
Greatest Length Allowed (feet)
Maximum Number of Fixtures
Baths, sinks, basins,
-
11/2
30
3
urinals, sink and
2
70
9
tray combination
3
70
21
Water closets or
2
35
3
slop sinks
3
70
9
TESTING AND INSPECTION
Section 8. Pipes or other fixtures shall not be covered or concealed from view until approved by the Board of Health, except when in the case of an emergency or repair of leaks this would be impracticable. All work, including emergency and repair work, shall be examined and/or tested within two working days after notice is received by the Board of Health, that it is ready for inspection. Plumbing shall not be used unless, when roughed in the wastes, vents, back air pipes and traps are first tested, in the presence of a representative of the Board of Health, by water or sufficient air pressure if such test is practicable, and a final inspection shall be required when plumbing work is completed, and, if satisfactory, a cer- tificate of approval shall be issued therefor to the plumber who signed the application.
WATER CLOSETS, ETC.
Section 9. Every building shall have such number of water closets as the Board of Health may require. Every building where persons are employed shall have at least one water closet for every fifteen persons employed therein; and in any building where persons of both sexes are employed,
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separate accommodations shall be furnished for both men and women. No trapped plumbing fixture shall be located in any room or compartment which does not contain a window hav- ing an area of at least 3 square feet placed in an external wall of the building or which is not provided with an approved system of ventilation. Every enclosure, the walls and doors of which extend from floor to ceiling and in which is located one or more water closets or urinals shall have similar ventila- tion requirements. The Board of Health, may, by special permission, grant authority for installing a different system of ventilation than that described herein.
Water closets shall be flushed by water from tanks or by flushometer valves capable of delivering 5 gallons of water to the closets in 10 seconds or in the case of urinals, two gallons of water in 10 seconds. Water from water closet or urinal flush tanks shall be used for no other purpose.
Section 10. No water closet, urinal or any other fixture, appliance, appurtenance or device shall be directly supplied from a water distribution system through a flushometer, or other valve, faucet, bib or device unless such flushometer or other valve, faucet, bib or device and outlet therefrom is set at least 1.5 times the diameter of the outlet plus .50 inches above the maximum water level or the water is supplied to the outlet by way of an approved siphon breaker or vacuum breaker installed in approved manner.
All flushometers and back flow preventers (siphon break- ers or vacuum breakers) shall be subject to a laboratory test by and the approval of the Department of Public Health. Backflow preventers shall be of the moving part and air vent type which shall be of such size and proportions as to allow an ample flow of water to fixture, a complete functioning unit installed separately or contained wholly within the flush valve body between the flush valve mechanism and the fixture. The preventer shall be of a non-corrodible material, shall not leak under any degree of back pressure and shall operate quietly. The device shall prevent a reduction of pressure in the flush pipe greater than one inch of water when the outlet end of the flush pipe is closed or submerged in water and a vacuum of 20 inches of mercury is applied on the supply side.
The critical level shall in no case be below the outlet connection, and when the critical level is above that point it shall be shown by a horizontal line not less than 1/4 inch long and clearly stamped on the body the symbols C-L or C/L. When not indicated the critical level shall be considered as being at the level of the outlet end of the device. The critical level of backflow preventers when installed shall be located at least 4 inches above the flood level of the fixtures (Maximum water level) except where existing supplies, which do not per- mit an elevation of 4 inches, must be accommodated, the eleva-
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tion of the critical level may be placed not less than 2 inches above the flood level of the fixture. Each backflow preventer shall be clearly marked with the manufacturer's name and sufficient additional information to identify it from any other model that is made or has been made by him.
STORM AND SURFACE WATER
Section 11. All roofs and paved areas, yards, courts and court yards shall be drained into the storm water drainage system but not into the separate sewers intended for sewage only except where the storm sewer is above the area way, in which case the area may be connected with the sanitary sewer if properly trapped and approved by the Board of Health.
When drains used for this purpose are connected with the combined sewerage systems they shall be effectually trapped. One trap may serve for all such connections but traps must be set below the frost line or inside of the build- ing. Where there is no storm sewer accessible such connec- tions shall be discharged in such manner as not to flow upon a public way or adjoining land.
Wherever a surface drain is installed in a cellar or base- ment it shall be provided with a deep sealed trap and back- water valve. Drain pipes from fixtures subject to back-flow from sewer shall be supplied with back-water valves.
INDIRECT, REFRIGERATION AND SPECIAL WASTES
Section 12. No waste pipe from a refrigerator, ice-box or cold room, any receptacle where food is stored, any sterilizer, autoclave, sterile water tank or any receptacle used to treat, process or store surgical or hospital supplies and equipment or any receptacle for storing or dispensing drinking water except drinking fountains which are properly trapped and vented shall connect directly with any house drain, soil or waste pipe. Such waste pipe shall in all cases empty over an open sink, floor drain or other fixture that is properly sup- plied with water, connected, trapped and vented the same as any other fixture and air gap of at least twice the diameter of the waste pipe shall be provided between the waste pipe and the receiving receptacle or waste pipe except that an open waste fitting or an approved back flow preventer will be permitted in lines from receptacles not subjected to a vacuum or directly connected to the water supply.
MECHANICAL DISCHARGE SYSTEM
Section 13. Fixtures that discharge into tank and from tank to pump or ejecter shall be protected from siphonage with not less than a four inch pipe up and through the roof. Tank shall be vented and vent pipe from tank may be con- nected to vent stack not less than twenty feet in height from
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tank. No gravity fixture shall be vented into this system. Tank vent shall be same size as waste or soil pipe. No fixtures shall be connected to the discharge pipe from an ejector or pump between the ejector or pump and the point where it enters the house drain or sewer. When the drain is subject to backflow a check valve shall be used.
HOT WATER TANKS AND SAFETY APPLIANCES
Section 14. No range boiler, tank, vessel or container, ferrous or non-ferrous, in which water is to be heated or stored under pressure for domestic, culinary or sanitary pur- poses, in this section and in Sections fifteen and sixteen re- ferred to as hot water tanks, shall be sold or offered for sale unless it is plainly marked, by stamping into the metal of the tank, or into a metal plate permanently attached to the tank in a conspicuous place, and permanently visible, as follows:
A. Manufacturer's name or registered trade mark.
B. Rated capacity of hot water tank in United States gallons.
C. Hydrostatic pressure in pounds per square inch at which the tank has been tested by the manufacturer following the words: "Tested to
D. Maximum allowable working pressure in pounds per square inch.
Section 15. No hot water tank shall be repaired, relo- cated or installed and connected, unless it meets the following construction requirements:
A. The actual capacity of a hot water tank shall be with- in seven and a half percent of the capacity stamped on the tank.
B. A hot water tank shall be so constructed by riveting, welding, or otherwise as to withstand the stamped test pressure without visible permanent distortion, and be so designed as to have an ultimate strength sufficient to withstand a hydrostatic pressure twenty- five percent higher than the stamped test pressure.
C. Solder which melts at a temperature below seven hundred degrees Fahrenheit shall not be used to hold the tank together, but may be used to make it water tight, cistern tanks excepted.
D. A hot water tank in which water is to be heated or stored under pressure greater than fifteen pounds per square inch shall have a stamped test pressure of not less than two hundred pounds per square inch.
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E. The maximum working pressure at which a hot water tank may be installed shall not be greater than forty- two and a half percent of the test pressure marked on the tank.
F. All tankless hot water heaters hereafter installed shall be equipped with a mixing valve to protect the user against scalding water flowing from the hot water faucets; and a pressure relief valve.
Section 16. No hot water tank shall be repaired, relo- cated or installed and connected unless it is protected with safety devices as follows:
A. A hot water tank in which water is to be heated or stored under pressure greater than fifteen pounds per square inch shall be equipped with a suitable pressure relief valve installed in a tapping in the tank or in the cold water supply line, or the hot wa- ter outlet line, with no shut-off valve between the relief valve and the tank. The pressure relief valve shall be set by the manufacturer to operate at a pressure not more than twenty pounds above the maximum working pressure stamped on the tank, and shall be so constructed that said setting cannot be exceeded by normal means of adjustment.
B. A hot water tank to which a heating device or ap- pliance capable of delivering water to the tank at a temperature greater than two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit is connected shall be equipped with a suitable temperature relief valve so adjusted and installed as to prevent the accumulation of water which is at a temperature in excess of two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit. Said temperature relief valve shall be installed in a tapping directly in or on the tank within six inches of the top of a verticle tank, or within six inches of the top of a horizontal tank, with no fittings between the valve and the tank, except that a bushing may be used to reduce the tapping to fit the valve. If the examiners permit the locating of the temperature relief valve on the hot water outlet pipe, in no case shall the heat sensitive member of said temperature relief valve be more than four inches away from the top of the tank. The discharge outlet of the temperature relief valve and of the pressure relief valve, if a separate pressure valve is used, shall be connected by means of a non- ferrous pipe or tubing not less than three-eighth inch inside diameter, with no shut-off, to an open plumb- ing fixture, or to within twelve inches of the base- ment floor.
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A thermostatically controlled hot water tank may be protected by an automatic fuel shut-off device in addition to the thermostat. Such shut-off device shall be installed in the same location and perform the same function as said temperature relief valve.
Markings required by law on encased or jacketed hot water tanks shall be contained on the metal tag or plate that shall be permanently attached in a conspicuous place to the largest segment of said jacket or casing. All tankless water heaters shall be equip- ped with a pressure relieving valve and an automatic tempering device set to deliver water not exceeding 180° Fahrenheit.
The tempering device shall be located between the tankless water heater and any hot water supply pipe which it services. The pressure relief valve may be installed in either the cold water supply or the hot water outlet to or from the tankless water heater.
The following requirements are to be stamped or marked by the manufacturer into the metal of the tempering device or to a metal tag permanently at- tached to the device the following information:
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