USA > Illinois > St Clair County > Cahokia > Cahokia records, 1778-1790 > Part 17
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George hait ay . . [MS. torn] .. a toute Les qu . . [MS. torn]. . feroit Et a prou .. [MS. torn] Ecrit . . [MS. torn] ..
Gabriel Baron . . [MS. torn]. . De repondre a toute . . [MS. torn]. . Luy feroit Et a dit qu . . [MS. torn] .. D'augustin racette et ayant eu quelqu . . [MS. torn]. . avec Le dit Sieur quil Lavoit tretté de Coquin a quoy Ledit Baron Luy a repondu quil netoit pas Comme Sa belle Soeur qui avoit Volé le lar Ch [sic]
1 Cah. Rec. in Belleville, Ill., original manuscript. Transcription by the editor. When it first came into my hands, it was unbound. It is made up of six record books, sewed together originally. These had been torn apart and some of the leaves separated. I rearranged them, and they have been rebound by the county officials. A few pages only have been lost. The size of the pages differs, but the average is 12} by 8 inches. The number of pages is 348, of which 48 are blank, 43 of which are at the beginning, when the clerk used only one side of the sheet. Beginning with page 145 the pages are numbered, but these numbers are not given in the transcription. The water-marks are various.
22
RECORD OF THE COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF CAHOKIA.1
At a Court .. [MS. torn] ..
President, Fr. [Trottier]
Ch. Gr[atiot.]
Michel [Beaulieu.]
Bte. Saucier.
Ant. Girardin.
[Present.]
AUGUSTIN RACETTE, Plaintiff, vs SANSFAÇON, Defendant.
A petition presented by Augustin Racette, plaintiff, who de- mands that M. Sansfaçon prove to him that he is a rascal and his wife a thief, as he has been accused and called by them [the defendant and his wife.]
Antoine Harmand 2 produced his defence against Augustin Racette and accused the said Racette of coming to his house to assault him.
Pierre Gatient, having made oath to answer all questions which the court should ask him, said that on coming from the field he heard Madame Racette call Madame Sansfaçon a thief; to which Madame Sansfaçon replied that she had never stolen lard from the Lacroix' house. And he further said that he heard M. Sansfaçon say that in any case if the said Madame Racette was a thief, she only took after the family.
George Hait, having [made oath to answer] all [questions the court] should ask [proved] .. [MS. torn] .. written.
Gabriel Baron [made oath] to answer all [questions the court] should ask him and said that .. [MS. torn] .. of Augustin Ra- cette, and having had some [words] with the said gentleman that he had been called a rogue, to which the said Baron answered that he was not like Racette's sister-in-law who had stolen lard from the Lacroix's house and chickens from Sansfaçon's;
2 His full name was Antoine Harmand called Sansfaçon, and he is called in the record either Harmand or Sansfaçon. This additional name was very common among the French in America, and sometimes the surname and sometimes the second name has prevailed in the family. The correct spelling of his surname, Harmand, is obtained from his signature.
23
24
ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.
Lacroix et Les poule a Senfaçon Et le dit racette luy ayant demandé quil luy avoit cela quil a repondu audt racette que Cetoit Le Sr Dau et Sa femme qui luy avoit dit a quoy le dit racette a repondu que D'au Etoit un j. f3. Et sa femme une putin Et qui Le prouveroit.
Gabriel Constant ayant preté Serment De repondre a toute les questions qui luy seran [sic] faite Et a dit. que Cetant trouvé chés Butau quil auroit Entendu demandé a Gabriel Baron par racette ou il avoit Entendu dire quils Etoit Des voleur de lar et de poule a quoy ledit Baron a repondu quil avoit Entendu dire chés Senfaçon.
Antoine Lusser ayant preté Serment De repondre a toute Les question quon luy feroit Comme témoin pour le defendeur Et a dit. que madame Senfaçon ayant Ete chés made racette pour y chercher une poulle quelle reclamet a Elle, et que mde racette la tréte de voleuse et quelle ne vivoit que Des volaye d'autruy a quoy mde Senfaçon luy a repondu quelle ne luy resembloit pas quelle n'avoit Jamais volé De lar ches Lacroix Et ce Son dit Mil invective.
La Court Est ajourné apres diné a une heure.
f saucier Greffier. f trottier
La Court a renvoyé Le présent procés hor De la Court Comme une Chose honteuse Et indigne. Et a Condanné Le Demendeur a payer Les fraix du dit proces Et quant aux fraix particullier Les Deux partis sont Condanner a les payer chaqu'un En particulier.
Sau
CHARLE GRATIOT Demendeur CONTRE Bte HAUTIER Dit LACHARETTE.
Charle Gratiot ayant présenté un b[illet] a la Court Contre le Defendeur, ayant apris quil Etoit parti pour le Detroit avec les royaliste Demande quil luy Soit accordé de faire vendre des effest quil a En garde ches gabriel Constant jusqu'a La Conqurence de Sa Somme.
La Court a accordé a la demende Du Sr charle Gratiot.
Jan Bte. Lacroix ayant produit un Conte Du par ledit hautier dit Lacharette de vingt Livre Et a preté Serment desus.
-
25
COURT RECORD, 1779
and the said Racette having asked where he heard that, he answered that M. Dau1 and his wife had told him. Where- upon the said Racette said that Dau was a D. F.2 and his wife a strumpet and he would prove it.
Gabriel Constant, having made oath to answer all questions which should be put to him, said, that being at the house of Butau he had heard Racette ask Gabriel Baron, where he had heard that they were stealers of lard and chickens, to which the said Baron answered that he had heard it said at Sansfaçon's.
Antoine Lussier, having made oath to answer all questions which should be asked him as witness for the defendant, said that, while Madame Sansfaçon was at the house of Madame Racette in search of a chicken, which she claimed belonged to her, Madame Racette called her a thief and said she lived on other people's poultry. To this Madame Sansfaçon replied that she was not like her, that she had never stolen lard from the Lacroix's house; and they said to each other a thousand invectives.
The court adjourned till one o'clock after dinner.
F. Saucier, Clerk.
F. Trottier.
The Court dismissed the present suit from court as a disgraceful and shameful thing, and has condemned the plaintiff to pay the costs of the suit and each of the two parties to pay his special costs.
Saucier.
CHARLES GRATIOT, Plaintiff, vs. BTE. HAUTIER called LACHARETTE, Defendant.
Charles Gratiot brought into Court a note against the defend- ant, having learned that he had left for Detroit with the royalists, and prays that it be permitted him to have the goods, which the defendant has stored at the house of Gabriel Constant, sold up to the equivalent of the amount of his note.
The Court granted the suit of M. Charles Gratiot.
Jean Bte. Lacroix produced, and made oath to, an ac- count for twenty livres owed by the said Hautier called La- charette.
1 Possibly this means Harmand.
2 The French j. f., or jean-fesse, is untranslatable except by some such equivalent vulgarity.
26
ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
La Court Luy a accordé quil Seroit payer Lors de la vente de Ses effest
une requette présenté a la Court par marie Louise ulim veuve de feu Jª Bte Degagné Et par pichet, Demandant de nomer un tuteur pour les mineurs De feu lapierre pour La Conservation de leur peu de bien.
La Court a ordonné une assemblé Damie pour pour [sic] proceder a lelextion D'un tuteur Suivant Les Demande
SANFAÇON Demandeur AUGUSTIN RACETTE Defendeur.
Un Compte présenté a la Court par Le Demandeur Contre le Defendeur De la Somme de vingt Sept livres. La Court a ordonné audit racette de payer Ledit Compte sans dellay.
f saucier Greffier
f trottier
La Court Est ajourné a vendre 29 [sic] gbre 1779.
a une Court Vendredy 269 bre 1779.
President Mr fr trotier mª ant Girardin
mª Ch Gratiot mr Bte Saucier Present.
MI RENAL Demandeur. MI GRATIOT Defendeur
mr renal Demande a la Court que Mr Gratiot, Soit Condanné a luy payer une Somme de trois Cent Livres pour une operation quil a fait. au nomé racette ayant Été Envoyé cherché par Ledit Sieur gratiot.
Charle Gratiot repond quil Exposera ses Defence a la Cour prochaine, vendredy 3ie xbre.
Le nomé Charloc a produit sa Declaration Contre Mr Hen- son sur Sa mauvaise Conduitte avec Les sauvages, Dans la traitte.
Ayant Examiné La Declarition du dit charloc Contre Sieur Henson, La Court a decidé quil seroit sinifié au Sieur Henson de repondre aujourd'huix heure aprés midy a La Declara- tion faite Contre luy.
1 In that part of France where the customary law prevailed, the tutelle dative was almost universal. It was the law of the coutume de Paris, and therefore of Illinois. According to this law, the guardians of minors were appointed by a magistrate, but, as in the above case, very often only after election by the relatives. Under French law, great care was taken of the property of minors, and the office of guardian was regarded as a duty, which should not be lighty refused, although the service was gratuitous. Two guardians were appointed, the second being the surrogate, whose duties were to guard against fraud by the first. The sur-
la lovit a ordonné und it lacita de plus Lock Compte fine dellay
ourt lot a prins a venire 29 a une court. Vendudy. 26 you
W Ch-Gratuit. mr. cont. pormês } 1
invent -
AtTanah Semereder. . He ijeations Defender
1 1 Pagar na câmara de trois Cent- floues pour some of catine quit a fait. Au Nome centre spent de Envoyé cherché für diese is. Pidtion .... / charle (patient; le pone quit improved Les defence ate tous prochaine, siondices! La nomé Chantes a free it fa · Restoration Centre for Hinten fior ..
Jauvage 'un 1, toit"
Facsimile of a Page from the Record of the Cahokia Court, François Saucier, Clerk.
27
COURT RECORD, NOVEMBER, 1779
The Court granted that it should be paid at the time of the sale of his goods.
A petition presented to the Court by Marie Louise Ulim, widow of the late Jn. Bte. Desgagné, and Pichet, praying that a guardian for the preservation of the small property of the minor heirs of the late Lapierre be appointed.
The Court ordered an assembly of friends to proceed to the election of a guardian according to the petition.1
SANSFAÇON, Plaintiff vs. AUGUSTIN RACETTE, Defendant.
An account presented to the court by the plaintiff against the defendant for the sum of twenty-seven livres. The Court ordered the said Racette to pay the account without delay.
F. Saucier, Clerk.
F. Trottier.
The Court adjourned to Friday, November 26, 1779.
At a Court, Friday, November 26, 1779.
President, Fr. Trottier. Ant Girardin.
Ch. Gratiot. Bte. Saucier.
Present.
M. REYNAL, Plaintiff vs. M. GRATIOT, Defendant.
M. Reynal prays the Court that M. Gratiot be condemned to pay him the sum of three hundred livres for an operation which he performed on the named Racette, for which he was summoned by the said M. Gratiot.
Charles Gratiot answered that he would present his defense at the next Court, Friday, December 3.
The named Charloc produced his declaration against M. Henson concerning his bad conduct in his trading with the savages.
Having examined the declaration of the said Charloc against M. Henson, the Court decided that notice should be given M. Henson to answer to-day at two o'clock in the afternoon the declaration made against him.
rogate must be present when the inventory of property was made, and he represented the ward in any suit brought against the guardian. Occasionally the guardians called in the relatives for consultation, as for instance, when the sale of real property was contemplated. Since the families in Illinois were naturally small, friends were also invited to attend such family coun- cils .- Viollet, Histoire du droit civil Français, ed. 1905, PP. 576 et seq .; Glasson, Histoire du droit et des institutions de la France, viii., 526 et seq.
28
ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
La Court Est ajourné a 2e heure apres midy 26e gbre, 1779. f saucier greffier. f trottier.
a une Court du 26 gbre a 2 heure apres midy.
President Mons' François trottier Mr ant. Girardin
Mr Charle Gratiot Mr. Bte Saucier
présent.
La Court a decidé que Mr Henson Continura son Commerce toute fois quil retirera Sa Dame De La quantine puisque Cest Elle qui tien De mauvais DisCourt au sauvages suivant Les Declaration Du nomé charloc et Celle du peoria, que Cependant Le Dit Charloc Sera appelé pour Declaré En présence dudt sieur Henson Et tant qua tout Les accidant qui pourront arriver par La Suitte, et qui soit prouvé que ce Soit par sa faute, il En Sera toujour responsable En tout Chose.
La Court Est ajourné a vendredy 3 xbre 1779.
f saucier greffier f trottier
a une Court Du 10 xbre 1779.
President Mrs francois trottier
pierre martin
Michel Beaulieu Bte Saucier
antoine Girardin charle Gratiot Présent.
MỸ REYNAL Demendeur CHARLE GRATIOT Defendeur.
Le Demandeur Expose a la cour, par une requette que Le Defendeur soit Condanné a luy payer une Somme de trois Cent livres de paux de Chevreuil pour L'imputation quil a fait a la Jamble [sic] De Jn Racet, Comme ayant Été Envoyé chercher par Ledt Sieur Et que ledt Sieur Gratiot avoit promis de payer le chirugien moyenant que le nomé parisien a qui Lac- cident Etoit arrivé de rembourser ce qui luy En Couteray Et que Cela avoit Ete Dit En presence de Bte allary.
Bte allary ayant paru par ordre Et aprés avoir preté Serment a prouvé quil n'etoit pas aux Cahôs Lorsque Laccident Est arrivé a Jn racette.
Le Defendeur ayant produit Sa Deffence par Laquelle il ne De-
1
29
COURT RECORD, DECEMBER, 1779
The Court adjourned till two o'clock in the afternoon, Novem- ber 26, 1779.
F. Saucier, Clerk.
F. Trottier.
At a Court, November 26, at two o'clock in the afternoon. President, François Trottier Ant. Girardin
Charles Gratiot
Bte. Saucier.
Present.
The Court decided that M. Henson may continue his business, provided his wife shall be withdrawn from the Cantine,1 since it is she who has been guilty of evil speech with the savages according to the declarations of Charloc and the Peorian; that, however, the said Charloc shall be summoned to make his declaration in the presence of the said M. Henson. The Court further decided that for all accidents, which may occur as a consequence of this continuance and are proved to be due to the fault of the said M. Henson, he shall be held responsible.
The Court adjourned to Friday, December 3, 1779
F. Saucier, Clerk. F. Trottier. At a Court, December 10, 1779.
President, François Trottier.
Pierre Martin.
Michel Beaulieu. Bte. Saucier.
Antoine Girardin. Charles Gratiot.
Present.
M. REYNAL, Plaintiff, vs. CHARLES GRATIOT, Defendant.
The plaintiff shows the Court by a petition that the defend- ant should be condemned to pay him a sum of three hundred pounds of deer-skins for the amputation of the leg of Jean Racette which he performed, as he had been summoned by the said gentleman; and the said M. Gratiot had promised to pay the surgeon on condition that the named Parisien to whom the accident had happened, reimburse him what it cost therefor. This was said in the presence of Bte. Alarie.
Bte. Alarie appeared on summons and, after having made oath, proved that he was not in Cahokia when the accident happened to Jean Racette.
1 This may mean the Cantine, a stream near Cahokia.
,
30
ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
vroit pas Etre Condanné a payer Cette Somme de trois Cent Livres, vue que ledit Racette quoi que Laccident soit arrivé ches Luy Est tout a fait Etranger Et que Dans pareille Cas il Devoit Depecher quelqu'un pour avoyer chercher un chirugien pour Soulage un pauva malheureux, Sans etre obligé D'en payer Les fraix.
La Court ne pouvant pas absolument Condanner Le Sieur Charle Gratiot a payer au Sieur reynal La Somme de trois Cent Livres pour l'imputation faitte a la Jambe de racette, a decidé quil Etoit necessaire D'attendre Larivé du nomé parisien a qui L'accident est arrivé.
une Requette présenté En Cour par pierre Roy Contre mde Courville, pour quil luy Soit Defendu vendre auqu'un biens fonds, qu'aprés avoir fait faire invantaire, Et reconoitre La part De Son fils.
La Court othaurise Ledt Sieur pierre roy a faire un assemblé de parens et damis pour faire invantaire Des biens Delessé par feux Courville Et quil Sera fait un partage Egal Des biens, Entre made veuve Courville Et son fils, Et quil sera Elu un tuteur.
La Court Est ajourné a vendredy Izie xbre.
f trottier f saucier Greffier
a une Court Du 17 xbre.
ou Etoit présent Messieurs Charle Gratiot Michel Beaulieu Bte Saucier pierre martin Et ant Girardin, tous Cinq Majestrat de Ladtte Court - assemblé pour interoger Le peoria sur des mauvais Discourt quil dit avoir Entendu dire par d'autre nation.
Ledit peoria a dit quil avoit Entendu Le Chef du loup faire des reproche aux autre Sauvages a legar d'une medail Et un Collier rouge quils avoient, il a dit depuis quayant Eté a une
1 One of the several attempts made by the British to arouse the Indians to drive the Vir- ginians out of Illinois. In Dillon, Annals of St. Louis, 192, is an interesting letter from Gratrot to Montgomery giving further details about these events. This winter's work ended in the fruitless attack of the British and Indians on St. Louis and Cahokia in May. See pp. 58, n. 1, 589, and Introduction, p. lxxxvii.
2 Medals of silver or bronze were frequently given to Indian chiefs as tokens of alliance.
3 Term used by the Indians to designate the Virginians.
4 The French is "qu'en cas que."
3I
COURT RECORD, DECEMBER, 1779
The defendant offered as his defence, wherefore he should not be condemned to pay this sum of three hundred pounds, that the said Racette, although the accident happened at his house, was a total stranger to him, and that in such circumstances it was his duty to send somebody to seek a surgeon to relieve an unfortunate man without being obliged to pay the costs.
Since the Court cannot unconditionally condemn M. Charles Gratiot to pay M. Reynal the sum of three hundred pounds for the amputation of the leg of Racette, it decided that it was necessary to await the arrival of the named Parisien, to whom the accident happened.
A petition presented to the Court by Pierre Roy against Madame Courville, praying that she be forbidden to sell any land, until she has caused an inventory to be made and has recognized her son's share.
The Court authorizes the said M. Pierre Roy to hold an assem- bly of relatives and friends to make an inventory of the property left by the late Courville and decrees that an equal division of the property between the widow, Madame Courville, and her son be made, and that there be elected a guardian.
The Court adjourned to Friday, December 17.
F. Saucier, Clerk. F. Trottier.
At a Court, December 17:
Where were present MM. Charles Gratiot, Michel Beaulieu, Bte. Saucier, Pierre Martin and Ant. Girardin, all five magis- trates of the said Court - assembled to interrogate the Peorian about the evil speech, which he said he had heard used by an- other nation.1
The said Peorian said that he had heard the Chief Wolf reproach the other savages in regard to a medal 2 and a red belt which they had. He said that later he was at the lodge of his savages with Charloc and that a woman asked him what he had come for, since the French Big Knife 3 was charged with having killed one of their people. Thereupon the said savage told Charloc to go home. This latter answered that in case 4 he was in danger the Master of Life would save him.
-
32
ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS.
Loge de Ses Sauvages avec Charloc q'une femme luy dit quesce- qu'il venoit Chercher puisque Les francois Grand Coutau Etoit taxé D'avoir tué un De leur Gens. Ladessu Ledit sauvages Dit a Charloc de sen retourner, se dernier luy fit reponce quen qua quil y aye du denger que le maitre de la vie Le Sauveroit, Ledit sauvage pé a dit que le chef loup avoit pris Charloc Et l'avoit mis Dans le Camp des hommes que la un autre Chef nomé la puce ayant pris le fusil D'entre les mains dudt charloc Luy dit pleure pour Jay le Coeur rouge Et enseglanté, ledt peoria a dit q'une femme luy avoit dit pourquoy Escequ'il venoit a Leur loge puisqui. ne Se passoit rein de Bon parmi Eux, que tous les jour il se tenoir Des Conseil et quil ne disoit rien de bon, il dit de plus que quand la femme a Eu fini de luy parler, un Jeune homme Sest mis a la porte et que voyant Cela il s'est Sauvé et qu'a linstant tout les autre Sauvages se mirent a Crié En voila un qui se Sauve, En plusieurs fois differentes, ledt peoria a dit encore quand se Sauvant qui n'a eu que le tems de prendre Son fusil et a lessé Sa Couverte.
Le dit Charloc a dit quil a dit au dit peoria si il Vouloit Veni avec luy Voir les sauvages Et que le pé Luy repondit quil le vou loit bien il dit de plus quan allant voir ses dits sauvages quils on rencontré un homme et une femme, que l'homme et pres de boissor quil la fait monter a cheval avec luy et que la femme a Con tinuer la route avec le pé ledit Charloc dit qu'etant arrivé il di audit péoria de desseler son Cheval et D'entrer avec luy dans la Loge Sur quoy le pé luy repondit quil ne vouloit pas entré, Sec fut dit En présence du pé qui a dit pourquoy Veut tu que Jentr mois qui Entans mal parlé Dans cette loge, ledit Charloc di qu'entrant Dans La loge il avoit une bouteille a sa main Voulu rent luy prendre, et quil leur dit prené La je ne m'en Souci pas, l. peoria dit quil luy ont arraché de force.
La Court Et ajourné a 2 heure apres midi 17 du present.
f saucier. Ch Gratiot.
33
COURT RECORD, JANUARY, 1780
The said Peorian savage said that the Chief Woif had taken Charloc and placed him in the men's camp and that there another chief named The Flee seized the gun from the hands of the said Charloc and said to him, "Weep, for my heart is red and bloody". The said Peorian said that a woman had asked lim why he came to their lodge, since there was nothing good going on among them and that every day there were held councils and that nothing good was said. He said further that, when the voman had finished speaking to him, a young man started for the door and, upon seeing that, he had made his.escape; and that mmediately all the other savages began crying, "There is one vho is escaping". On several different occasions, the Peorian said that in escaping he has had only time to take his gun and had left his blanket.
The said Charloc said that he asked the said Peorian if he vanted to come with him to see the savages, and that the Peorian answered that he was very willing. He further said that n going to see the said savages they met a man and a woman und that the man was intoxicated, and that he made him mount on the horse with him and the woman continued the route with he Peorian. The said Charloc said that on arriving he told the Peorian to unsaddle his horse and to enter the lodge with him, whereupon the Peorian answered that he did not wish to enter. This was said in the presence of the Peorian who said, "Why do you want me to enter who understand the evil talk in his lodge". The said Charloc said that when he entered the odge, he had in his hand a bottle which the savages wished to ake from him, and that he said to them, "Take it. I do not care or it". The Peorian said that they snatched it by force.
The Court adjourned until two o'clock in the afternoon the 17th of the present month.
F. Saucier.
Ch. Gratiot.
34
ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
a une Court 17 xbre 1779.
mr Gratiot mr Martin
mr Beaulieu
mr Bte Saucier
Président
suivant Les raport, Et Discourt qui ont Eté tenû En Cour. de la part Des Sauvages mal intentioné, La Court a ordonné que messieurs Les Commandant de millice Donnerons Des ordres pour quil soit fait une Visitte generalle Dans toute Les maison pour voir Si tout Le monde ont Des armes en Etat et la munition neces- saire pour Se Defendre Si lon Si trouve obligé, Et quil Sera ordon- né a Ceux qui n'en n'auront point De Sen pourvoir Sans auqu'un pretexe Vue que Suivant toute apparance il y a aux environ Du Village Des nations qui tiennent de mauvais propos et qui sont suivant le raport de quelque autre Sauvages trés mal inten- tionnes.
La Court Est ajourné a vendredy 24 xbre f saucier greffier Ch Gratiot
a une Cour du 19 Janvier. 1780.
Président Mr francois trottier. Mr Bte saucier
Mr antoine Girardin Mr Charle Gratiot
Mr pierre martin Présent.
Le Colonel mongonori ayant fait asemblé La Court pour Savoir pour quoy Mr henson navoit pas Eté reprimandé pour Le tor qui parroit avoir fait suivant le raport quil luy en a Été fait par monst. capt McCarty.
Le Colonel mongomori repente [sic] a la Cour que Comme Les autre village ont fourni beaucoup de provisions pour Les troupe au Credit des Etat quil Espere que Ce village cy suivant La Capa cité Des habitant Voudront bien fournir quelque provision tel que L'on fait les habitant des autre villages.
La Court a représenté au Colonel quelle avoit Deja Eté in formé des plainte porté contre Sieur henson, et quil ny avoit auq' une Chose qui le regardoit Dans Les plainte porté Contre luy e quil sestoit justifié pour le Contraire. La Court a Consenty qui
1 Colonel Montgomery was at this time in command of the forces in Illinois and was sta tioned at Kaskaskia. See Introduction, pp. Ixxvi., lxxx. et seq.
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