USA > Illinois > St Clair County > Cahokia > Cahokia records, 1778-1790 > Part 59
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1 Chi. Hist. Soc., Cah. Rec., original manuscript Transcription by the editor.
565
ORDINANCE, JUNE, 1783
ORDINANCE OF THE COURT OF CAHOKIA, JUNE II, 1783.1
The year, 1783, the eleventh day of the month of June, in virtue of the Court, held this day in the name of the public to determine the amount of land which remains to be taken up in the Prairie du Pont, appropriate for cultivation,? it has been decided by the said Court that there be made a census of the citizens, giving them the preference over all others, and that, thereafter, there be set aside the amount of land, which can be taken up without encroaching on the ground which it has been agreed to reserve for the commons; and thereafter that the said common fence shall be made to pass behind the ground belonging to Joseph Maisonville and to join there the gully of limestone along which the said fence shall run up to Butau's point and from there running to the point of woods of the Big Hill, in case there are found sufficient inhabi- tants to take up the land as far as that; and if not, the fence shall stop at the end of the last land surveyed and taken up by the said inhabitants. And it has been furthermore agreed that, since some of the said lands are not as desirable in respect to area as others, there should be tickets which shall be drawn by lot, and that each who shall draw his ticket shall be compelled to make his fence in the order of his number; that is to say they shall begin the said fences at the end of that belonging to the inhabitants who have already cultivated land in the cul de sac of the said Prairie du Pont and build them according to the amount of their land; and that the other tickets which remain shall be drawn by lot in the manner it has been herebefore explained. And in regard to the rest of the prairie on the right of the said limestone gully, the said Court in the name of the inhabitants has reserved that for the pasturage of their animals, the limit of each land extending from the Mississippi to the bluffs, and, if hereafter there should present themselves other inhabitants who wish to have lands and to go on farther, they shall be obliged to follow the direct line of the fence, on condition that the side of the said limestone gully shall remain always a commons for the animals; and it has been decided that after all enclosures of land have been made, that which remains shall be divided
2 See supra pp. 153, 159.
566
ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
du pond Car ainsi a Eté Convenu Et accordé fait Et passé aux Cahos lan Et Jour que dessu Etant Signé
sa sa
Antoine + Lamarche
L + Lebrun
marque
sa
marque sa
Josh + Bellefeuil
fr + Courié
marque
marque pierre quenel
F Saucier Greffier
INHABITANTS OF CAHOKIA TO CONGRESS, NOVEMBER IO, 1784. Etrait du Regis du Greffe des Illinois En la Ville des Kaskaskias A L'HONORABLE CONGRES.
MESSIEURS-
Cest avec un Vray plaisir que nous habitant des Cahokias et des Villages d'alentoure, nous avons apris que par un acte de L'assemblée de la Virginie du 20 Janvier 1781. nous somes tombé Entierrement sous la Juridictions de Votre honorable Corps, dans L'esperance que nous somês que vous nous donneré les secours dont nous avons Besoin, et accorderez la Jouissance de nos Enciennes Loix, privilege et Coutume, et que comme sujet ameriquain nous jouirons des mêmes avantage que tous les autres habitant Jouissent; nous Etant la moyenne partie de nous autres porté Volontairement dans toutes les Entreprise qui se sont formé contre Lennemis Comuns; et même fort souvent Exposé nos familles a la brutalitée des Sauvages En nous Eloignant delle et nous Etant aussy privée du necessaire pour Contribuer a lEntretien des troupes qui on été Envoye parmis nous, et ces dans des tems que nos recolte ont tout a fait manqué, tant par les de- bordement du Mississipi que par les incurtion que faisoient les Sauvages sur nos terres, nous avons Enfin dans toutes les occas- sions montrée un vray Zelle pour la deffence de la libertée; cest pour quoi nous Esperons, Recevior Les Benefices de nos peines et que Vous aurez Egards aux demandes que nous faisont, et qui ne sont que trop Justes pour nous En faire douter la reussites.
567
MEMORIAL, NOVEMBER, 1784
among all the inhabitants who shall have taken up land in the said Prairie du Pont; for so it has been agreed and granted. Made and passed at Cahokia the year and day as above, there having signed,
his
his
his
Antoine + Lamarche
L. + Lebrun
mark
mark
Joseph + Bellefeuil mark
Pierre Quenel. F. Saucier, Clerk.
INHABITANTS OF CAHOKIA TO CONGRESS, NOVEMBER IO, 1784.1
Extract of the Registers of the Record-Office of the Illinois in the Town of Kaskaskia.2
To the Honorable Congress. Sirs :-
It is with a true pleasure that we, the inhabitants of Cahokia and of the surrounding villages, have learned that by an act of the assembly of Virginia of the 20th of January, 1781, we have fallen entirely under the jurisdiction of your honorable body; for we hope that you will give us the assistance which we need, and grant us the enjoyment of our former laws, privileges and customs, and that as American subjects we shall enjoy the same advantages as the other inhabitants enjoy; for we have borne voluntarily our proportional share in all the enterprises, which have been formed against the common enemy, and even very often exposed our fami- lies to the brutality of savages by going far from them, and we have often been deprived of the necessities in order to contribute to the support of the troops who have been sent among us; and this at a
.
1 Papers of the Old Congress, XLI., V., 115, a copy by the clerk of the Kaskaskia court. The transcripts from the Papers of the Old Congress, printed in this volume, were made under the direction of the staff of the Bureau of Hist. Research of Carnegie Institution, and were collated a second time by Dr. J. Franklin Jameson.
2 The petition was drawn up by the inhabitants of Cahokia in 1784, but the copy which reached Congress was made by the Kaskaskia clerk, which accounts for certain peculiarities of spelling. Labuxiere, the clerk at Cahokia, who wrote the original petition, makes a final s which looks like a straight line, and this has been read by the clerk of Kaskaskia as the letter t. There are other errors which can be accounted for in a similar way, as, for instance, the spelling of the signatures. Also, the clerk of Kaskaskia has added a paragraph to make it appear that the Cahokians united with the Kaskaskians in denouncing John Dodge. The Cahokians intrusted the original petition to Major Lebrun, but he was killed before he reached the Ohio river. In 1786 the people of Kaskaskia sent a copy of it with a petition of their own to Congress. See Introduction, pp. cxxix., cxxx.
568
ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
PREMIEREMENT que Vous nous accordie le droit de Choisir parmie nous les personnes les plus Eclairés pour Magistrat qui jouront de leurs places quautant quil metriteront la Confiance du peuple, et que En Cas de mal Versation nous ayont aussy le même droit de les deplacer pour En nomer dautres, et que tous les habi- tants qui Viendront setablire parmis nous soient obliger de ce Conformé aux Loix qui sont deja Etablie et sous les quelles nous avons et Esperons Vivre En Paix.
2eme-Et que dans toutes les causses de consequence ou le bien etre de quelque particulier se trouveray tout a fait Engagé, nous ayons outre notre Judicature un Endroit ou nous puissions faire appelle des Sentence que un de ces particulier ne Croiroit pas avoir été Entendue suivant toute la Justice quil avoit lieu dattendre, mais que le nombre de ces Causses soient reduite a celle que vous croiré absolument necessaire pour le bien aitre de Lendroit et que les places des forts ne soient àliener à aucun particulier, com- me actuellement Ledit sieur John Dodge posede une place dun fort et que les terraces sont toutes faites depuis le tems que le Roy de france posedoit la Collonie des Illinois qui est la deffence du Vilage de la Ville des Kaskaskias.
3eme-Dans lEsperence que nous sommes quune fois le Bon ordre Etablie parmis nous, devoir Venir tous les habitant qui Ennuyer de ce Voir Exposé a toute Sortes de danger se sont Retiré sur la partie Espagnolle outre cela les avantage qu'offre la fertilité de nos terres a ceux qui y Viendront cy Etablir nous Soiteriont que vous Voulusies bien Enpecher Labus qui ce fait generalement dans tous les nouveaux pays ou il se trouve toujour quelque particulier qui font des achats de quantité de terrin sur les quelles ils nont aucun intantion de setablir que celle de les Garder quelque année pour Ensuite les revendre a des prix Exhorbitant.
4ème-Ayant lieu dattendre que Vous nous Enverrez des troupes dont nous avons besoins pour la surté et la police de lendroit nous Esperont que Vous Voudré bien pourvoire a ce que nous ne soiont plus Exposé au même desordre et irregularité que nous avons
1 An addition to the original petition made by the Kaskaskians.
569
MEMORIAL, NOVEMBER, 1784
time that our crops have completely failed both on account of the overflow of the Mississippi and the incursions which the savages made on our lands. Finally we have shown on all occasions a true zeal in the defence of liberty. This is why we hope to re- ceive the advantages of our labors and that you will give heed to the petitions which we make and which are only too just to cause us doubt of their success.
Firstly, we pray that you grant us the right of choosing from among ourselves the most enlightened persons for magistrates, who shall hold their places as long as they merit the confidence of the people, and that in case of malversation we have also the same right of displacing them in order to name others; and that all the persons who shall come to settle among us be obliged to conform themselves to the laws which are already established and under which we have and hope to live in peace.
Secondly, we pray that, for all the important suits in which the well-being of some individual shall be entirely at stake, we have, besides our judicature, a place to which we can make appeal from the judgments when one of these individuals believes that he has not been heard according to the full justice, which he had the right to expect; that the number of these suits be reduced to that which you shall believe absolutely necessary for the well-being of the place; and that the sites of the forts be not alienated to any indi- vidual, as now the said M. John Dodge possesses a site of a fort, the earth-works of which have been all built since the time when the king of France possessed the colony of the Illinois and which are the defence of the village of the town of Kaskaskia.1
Thirdly, on account of the hope, which we have, that once good order is established among us, there are bound to come back all the inhabitants who, wearied with seeing themselves exposed to all kinds of danger, have withdrawn to the Spanish parts, and furthermore on account of the advantages which the fertility of our lands offers to those who shall come here to settle, we desire that you will hinder the abuse which generally occurs in all new coun- tries, where there are always some individuals who make purchases of large tracts of land on which they have no intention of settling,
570
ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
deja Essuiez d'elle, quil ne soiet plus aux pouvoir du Comandant de cette troupe de prendre par force chez labitant ce quil croira avoir besoin que cette effet vous Voulissiez bien autorisé un quelquun pour regler les Enciens Compte de ce que les habitant ont déja fournie, et que cette même personne ou un autre soient aussy a même de satisfaire soit En argent ou billet de Credit les habitant quil lui fourniront des provisionts pour la troupe et quen cas quil Vienent a manquer de quelque necessaire que Lofficier comandant soient obliger davoir recour aux Magistrat de L'en- droit qui se serviront des moyens les plus prond et les plus satis- fesant aux particuliers pour leurs [procurer] ce quils auroient besoint.
seme-Comme ayant parmis nous differentes personnes qui par les Correspondances qu'il Entretiennes avec les sujets du Roy d'anglettere dans [t int ?] du Cotte de Michilimakina et du detroit et autre places aux prejudice de notre comerce ainsy qu'une Bende de mauvais sujet qui sasemble et tienne des discours avec les sujet du Roy d'anglettere contre les Etats unies et qui insinue dans les Esprits foible que le Roy d'anglettere prendra possetion de cette Colonie c'est ce qui met le trouble parmie les nations Sauvages et nous Expose Journellement dans le perille et Lorsque Voyant une Justice Etablie Enpecheroit tous les cabales de sa troupie nous Eviteroit tous dangers.
6eme-Pour dernier demande que nous regardont comme Grace special, nous Esperont que le Congré aura Egards que depuis plusieurs années consequitive nous avons Etée Exposé a manquer de tous necessaire tant par le debordement que le Misissipy a fait sur les terres que nous avions conjointement choisy et que par l'inquietude que nous a toujours caussé les nations Sauvages qui nous ont obliger a abandoner les Etablissement que nous avions deja faite ce que nous oblige de vivre tres retirées nous Esperont que vous voudre Bien nous accorder quel qu'année frenche de taxe pour nous remettre dans un Etat a pouvoir vivre et soutenir notre famelle, et que lors que nous seront obliger dans payer Vous nous accordier le droit Entre nous des personnes qui prennent
1 The meaning is not clear, since the paragraph was not finished.
571
MEMORIAL, NOVEMBER, 1784
but that of holding them some years in order to sell them after- wards at an exorbitant price.
Fourthly, since we have reason to expect that you will send troops, of whom we have need for the safety and the police of the place, we hope that you will provide for this, that we are no longer exposed to the same disorder and irregularity that we have already suffered from them; that it be no longer in the power of the com- mander of these troops to take by force from the houses of the in- habitants what he shall believe he has need of; that for this pur- pose you will authorize some one to settle the old accounts for the supplies which the inhabitants have already furnished, and that this same person or another be also authorized to satisfy either in gold or credit-notes the inhabitants who shall furnish him provisions for the troops; and that in case he happens to lack any necessity, the officer in command be obliged to have recourse to the magistrates of the place, who shall use the most prompt means and the most satisfactory to the individuals to obtain for him what he needs.
Fifthly, since we have among us several persons who through the correspondence which they keep up with the subjects of the king of England both from Michillimackinac and Detroit and other places to the prejudice of our commerce; and also a band of worthless fellows who assemble with the subjects of the king of England and make speeches against the United States and who are instilling into the minds of the feeble spirits the belief that the king of England will take possession of this colony, that is what makes the trouble among the savage tribes and exposes us daily to peril; and when a justice is seen to be established, it would pre- vent all the intrigues and by its troops spare us all danger.1
Sixthly, for a last petition, which we regard as a special grace, we hope that Congress will consider that for several consecutive years we have suffered from a lack of all necessities both on ac- count of the inundation of the Mississippi on the lands which we have conjointly chosen and because of the disturbance which has been caused by the savage tribes, who have obliged us to abandon the settlements which we have already made,a fact which compels
572
ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
connoissance de ce qu'un chaqu'un possede pouront avec plus dequitter juger de ce que chaque particulier Doit payer nous avont esperer que nos demande Vous pareteront Juste pour doutter d'un seule moment que Vous ne nous les acordier pas.
Mr Le Major Le Brun de Belle Court. porteure de la presente cera a même de vous donner un Etat sirconstencier de notre Situa- tion actuelle et nous nous reposont Entierrement que Vous Voudré bien Ecouter nos demandes et nous somes tres Respectueusements MESSIEURS
Vos tres humbles et
aux Cakokias aux Illinois
tres obeissants les
ce 10 9 bre-1784
Supliants soussignés
Signé sur la minutte
Jean Bte. LaCroix:
Dubuque
Calarie A: Pelletier fr Courrier:
S. LeCompte: Bray
A : armant dupuis
P. Martin:
J. Jervais: P. roy
J. Cecire chenier
C. Lefevre:
S. Pillet : S. lebrun
J Bte Dumay
J Bissonette
Pl : Poupart
Charle Cadron
f. Gramont:
Bte Baron
P: Chevallier
P: Daurion:
Bte alarie. A: Beron
A. Jerardin
R. Waus [Watts ?] E. Bouvet :
A. Lamarche.
aimé Compte
J. Roussard
Bte Saussier
La Bruyer
M: Saussier:
f: Saussier
J. Marois
S: Chatelle.
Bte Merier
Germain
A. Boyer.
J. BelleCourt
gagner
N. Canada thimoté de Montbrun Comandant
ORDINANCE OF THE MAGISTRATES OF CAHOKIA, AUGUST 28, 1785. Nous Antoine Girardin Commandant au poste des Cahos Et Jean Bte LaCroix president et magistrat au district dudt poste. Etant necessaire de remedier au Brigendage Et vol qui se Com-
1 Chi. Hist. Soc., Cah. Rec., original manuscript. Transcription by the_editor.
573
ORDINANCE, AUGUST, 1785
us to live very secludedly; and therefore we hope that you will grant us freedom from taxation for some years so that we may put ourselves in a condition to be able to live and support our families; and that when we are obliged to pay taxes, you will grant us the right [of choosing] from among ourselves persons who know what each possesses and can with more equity judge what each individual ought to pay. We hope that our petitions will appear to you so just that there will be no doubt for a single moment of your granting them to us.
Major Lebrun de Belcour, bearer of the present, will be able to give you a circumstantial statement of our present condition ; and we fully trust that you will listen to our petitions and we are very respectfully,
Sirs,
Your very humble and obedient petitioners, undersigned. At Cahokia in the Illinois, this Ioth of November, 1784. Signed on the record
Jean Bte. LaCroix. Dubuque.
C. Alarie. A. Pelletier. Fr. Courier. L. Lecomte. Brady. [?]
A. Harmand. Dupuis. P. Martin. J. Gervais. P. Roy.
J. Cesirre. Chenier. C. Lefevre. L. Pillet. L. Lebrun.
J. Bte. Dumay.
J. Bissonette. P. Poupar.
Charles Cadron.
F. Grandmont. Bte. Baron.
P. Chevalier. P. Dorion. Bte. Alarie. A. Baron.
A. Girardin.
E. Bouvet. A. Lamarche.
R. Watts [?]
J. Roussard. Bte. Saucier.
Aimé Compte.
M. Saucier. F. Saucier.
Labruyer.
L. Chatel.
Bte. Mercier.
J. Marois.
A. Boyer.
J. Belcour.
Germain. N. Canada.
Gagné.
Thimothe de Monbreun, Commandant.
ORDINANCE OF THE MAGISTRATES OF CAHOKIA, AUGUST 28, 1785.1
We, Antoine Girardin, Commandant at the post of Cahokia, and Jean Bte. LaCroix, President and Magistrate in the district of the said post :
Since it is necessary to remedy the brigandage and theft, which
574
ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
metent tant de Nuit que de jour dans les champs Ensemancés et cultives en Bled froment, Mahis, Poids, feves, citrouilles melons et autres legumes, ainsi que dans les verger ou jardins, ou ces memes voleurs desolent et Ruinent entièrement le travail et Labeurs des Bons Citoyens qui Se donnent toutes les peines pour avoir leurs subsistances et jouir du fruit de leurs travaux, Etant indispensable d'arreter le cour dun desordre aussi pernicieux au bien public il est tres expressement deffendû a toutes personnes de telle qualité que ce puisse être Soit habitant leurs femmes ou enfant et esclaves Aux voluntaires, gabans, gens sans aveû ou autres, dentrer dans Les champs Ensemances de grains ou legumes, qui ne leur apartien- dron pas ainsi que dans les vergers ou jardins et dy voler ny prendre aucune chose que ce puisse etre a peine de Cent livres demande aplicable moitie au bien public de lautre moitie au denonciateur; d'etre mis huit jours aux fers et promené dans le village des Cahos avec Les marques de leur vol pendu au Col pour la premiere fois; Et de plus grands Chatiments En cas de residive. il est aussi trés expressement deffendû de passer a traver les terres Ensemancées Siot a chaval ou en charete, ordonnons de suivre les chemins de ligne a peine de cinquante livres damande contre ceux qui con- treviendront a la presente ordonnance Et de payer le domage, Ce qui Sera Executé Sans moderation Et la presente sera lue et affichee a la porte de cette Eglise Et Enregistré au greffe pour y avoir recour, aux cahos le 28 aoust 1785.
J. B H La Croix presidant
At Girardin
Labuxiere grefier
PETITION OF LA CROIX IN REGARD TO TRADE, OCTOBER 29, 1785. A Messieurs Les Magistrats Et respectable Cour du district des Cahos
Messieurs
Jean Bte LaCroix a lhonneur de vous exposer que pour le Bien public la Cour luy a accordé le S. de Mars 1782 la permission de la traite avec les sauvages dans ce village aux conditions Ex- pliquées dans la Sentence de ladite Cour rendue cedit jour S. mars
1 Possibly " gabans" is a corruption of vagabonds.
575
CONCERNING TRADE, OCTOBER, 1785
are committed as well by night as by day in the fields, sown and cul- tivated in wheat, corn, peas, beans, pumpkins, melons and other vegetables and also in the orchards or gardens, where these same thieves spoil and ruin utterly the work and labor of the good citi- zens who give all their toil to have their subsistence and to enjoy the fruit of their labor; since it is indispensable to stay the course of a disorder so pernicious to the public welfare, it is very expressly forbidden all persons of what quality soever whether inhabitants, their wives or wayward children and slaves, vagabonds,1 vagrants or others, to enter the fields, sown with grains or vegetables, which do not belong to them, and also the orchards and gardens and to steal or take anything whatsoever there, on pain of one hundred livres fine, payable half to the public treasury and the other half to the informer, and of being put in irons for eight days and led about in the village of Cahokia with the marks of their theft hung around their neck, for the first offence, and of greater punishment in case of repetition. It is also very expressly forbidden to pass across the sown fields either on horseback or in a wagon. We command that the line of the roads be followed on pain of fifty livres fine against those who shall violate the present ordinance and of paying for the damage, for which there will be execution without mitigation. And the present shall be read and posted on the door of this church and registered in the record-office in order that there may be recourse thereto. At Cahokia, August 28, 1785.
Ant. Girardin.
J. B. H. LaCroix, President. Labuxiere, Clerk.
PETITION OF LA CROIX IN REGARD TO TRADE, OCTOBER 29, 1785.2
To MM. the Magistrates and the honorable Court of the District of Cahokia.
Sirs :-
Jean Bte. LaCroix has the honor to set forth to you that, for the public good, the Court granted him on the 8th of March, 1782, permission to trade with the savages in this village under the condi- tions declared in the decree of the said Court, rendered the said
2 Chi. Hist. Soc., Cah. Rec., original manuscript, somewhat damaged by folding. Tran- scription by the editor.
576
ILLINOIS HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS
1782. ledt Sr LaCroix na point Eté troublé jusqua present dans Sa traite mais presentement il se trouve [en] Cas au prejudice Notable du public Et de Lexposant qui tend a faire perir Les Citoyens de faim sur tout dans d'aussi grandes Calamité comme nous nous trouvous presentement.
Les commerceans Etranger de missilimakina Sont icy Messieurs qui Bien loin de Se Contanter de Lazile que nous leur donnons pour vendre leurs marchandises aux francais traitent des Sauvages qui viennent a ce vilage toutes les douceurs que lesdt sauvages aportent Et nous otent par ce moyens les faculté de pouvoir vivre En nous survandant ces memes danrées de traite a des prix Exhorbitant Et En En faisant des amas au detriment du peuple pr le transporter hor de Lendroit ou Le vendre a des prix plus honereux au public comme ces commerceants nont aucun droit de traite dans ce village Et que si nous avons quelque douceur a traiter des sauvages . . [MS. torn]. . Benefice Nous apartient de droit Et non a des Etranger que nous soufr [ons] icy par Bienseance ayant Eté renvoyez de la rive Espagnole il nest pas juste de Nous laisser Enlever par ces memes marchand a nos yeux ce que la providence nous offre par les sauvages; ce qui ces marchands traitent non Seulement des marchandises a Nos yeux jusques sur nos foyer mais Encore ce qui est plus pernici[eux] de la boisson Et soutent les sauvages dans un temp ou on ne sauroit Être trop Circonspect; pour Eviter [les] malheurs qui En peuvent resulter je requiere Messieurs que vous ayez la bonté de me Continuer dans ma traite Et quil soit fait deffance a tous Commerceants Etranger de Sy immisser a lavenir dans ce village ni dy traiter aucunne Chose avec les sauvages qui y viennent a peine dune amende telle quil vous plaira fixer Et de Confiscation de ce quils auront traiter sous loffre que fait lexposant de Se Conformer aux Con- ditions de la Sentence de la Cour dudt jour 8. mars 1782. Et que cette Branche de Commerce nous Soit Conservée dans notre village . . [MIS torn]. . aux Etrangers cest a quoy je Conclud aux Cahos le 29, 8bre 1785.
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