USA > Illinois > Cook County > History of Cook County, Illinois : being a general survey of Cook County history, including a condensed history of Chicago and special account of districts outside the city limits : from the earliest settlement to the present time, volume II > Part 7
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It was argued that while the other great lakes had numerous harbors Lake Michigan did not have one of adequate protection; that during 1841 nineteen vessels on Lake Michigan had suffered shipwreck, eight proving a total loss; that as an average of 150 vessels cleared and entered Chicago harbor, the urgency and ex- tent of the city's wants were manifest; that from a military point of view alone the harbor should at once be completed. The peti- tion was concluded as follows: "Situated at the head of lake navigation on the one hand and at the proposed termination of the Illinois and Michigan canal on the other, Chicago will one day em- brace in her growing connections the direct trade of the great Northwest, while to the East she will become as the threshold to the granary where commerce will mutually exchange and dis- charge the products of two hemispheres. The fact that she is al- ready the center of a large and growing trade and presents at her wharves during the navigable seasons, all the appearance of an Atlantic city, assures us that the day of her commercial pride is not far distant." This report was signed by F. C. Sherman, Mayor. Aldermen-C. Follansbe, First ward; John Doolin, First ward; Peter Page, Second ward; J. McCord, Second ward ; W. H. Stow,
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Third ward; Wm. Otis Snell, Fourth ward; G. W. Rogers, Fourth ward; H. L. Rucker, Fifth ward; Samuel Grier, Fifth ward; James L. Howe, Sixth ward; George F. Foster, Sixth ward. At- test .- Tho. Hoyne, City Clerk.
The leading houses importing were as follows: Walker & Co. and C. Walker & Co. merchandise began with $6,000 imports in 1836, but imported $28,000 worth in 1841; Lake Michigan Lum- ber company had imported $16,310 worth in 1839; N. Rossiter lumber had imported $12,756 in 1841; George W. Snow lumber and merchandise had imported $31,300 worth in 1841, among the items being 2,500,000 feet of lumber; N. C. Walton merchandise $3,000 in 1839; H. Norton merchandise $15,000 in 1838 and $29,000 in 1841; B. F. Napp & Co. merchandise salt and flour about $13,500 in 1836, quit in 1838; Giles Williams & Co. mer- chandise and salt began 1839 with $26,000, imported nearly $40,- 000 in 1840, but fell off to $24,000 in 1841; Church & Sheldon merchandise began in 1839 with $5,100 imports; Harmon & Loomis (and successors) merchandise $57,891 in 1836, $99,925 in 1838, $33,962 in 1841; S. Lind & Co. lumber, salt and flour $6,964 in 1840; C. McDonnell, merchandise, $1,000 in 1837, $2,000 in 1841; S. Greaves stoves $1,000 in 1841; Goodsell & Campbell merchandise $38,965 in 1836, $1,954 in 1840, quit; C. Follansbe merchandise $4,371 in 1836, $8,000 in 1841; J. B. Eddy stoves $1,000 in 1841; Clark & Co. drugs etc. $9,064 in 1836, $3,552 in 1841; A. Negus merchandise $6,000 in 1841; W. H. Taylor $6,000 in 1836, $5,000 in 1838, quit; Dan Taylor merchandise $5,000 in 1839, $5,000 in 1841; B. W. Raymond & Co. merchandise $40,441 in 1836, $39,932 in 1841; T. B. Carter & Co. merchandise $11,579 in 1838, $30,858 in 1841; S. Sanger, groceries $10,697 in 1839, $8,655 in 1841; Canal Commissioners hardware $30,000 in 1838; Otis & Co. hardware $28,784 in 1838, $28,183 in 1841; Otis & Eddy hardware $12,462 in 1836, quit; H. Norton merchandise $20,000 in 1838, $26,000 in 1841; Contractors' Association mer- chandise $12,000 in 1841; W. H. Adams & Co. boots and shoes $6,000 in 1837, $12,376 in 1841; S. B. Collins boots and shoes $6,000 in 1838, $9,000 in 1841; S. J. Sherman merchandise $3,000 in 1836, $3,000 in 1841; R. R. Crosley merchandise $5,000 in 1841; Sherman & Pettingill merchandise $3,306 in 1841; S. B. Walker merchandise $3,080; Burton clothing $5,428 in 1841; Moseley & McCord merchandise $8,200 in 1836, $13,000 in 1841, Clark, Harris & Co. merchandise $9,419 in 1840, $18,225 in 1841; Crawford merchandise $9,550 in 1838, $28,021 in 1840, $6,051 in 1841; Mr. Hervey salt and groceries $11,000 in 1839; Dodge & Tucker merchandise $4,600 in 1837, quit 1840; S. W. Goss mer- chandise $17,700 in 1837, quit in 1840; John Finnerty merchan- dise $12,000 in 1841; John Finnerty & Co. merchandise $4,000 in 1837, $11,000 in 1840, quit or merged; James Smith merchandise
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
$5,000 in 1836, quit 1839; Philo Carpenter six departments, gro- ceries, hardware, drugs, glass, stone and leather and clothing, began in 1836 by importing about $28,000 worth, quit in 1839; McClure & Fuller merchandise $23,000 in 1841; Salisbury & Holden mer- chandise $2,500 in 1840; E. S. & J. Wadsworth merchandise and corn sales $18,294 in 1840; S. W. Peck & Co. earthenware and glass $7,000 in 1841; A. G. Burley earthenware and glass and corn sales $2,000 in 1839; E. S. Hopkins groceries $7,619 in 1841; Botsford & Beers hardware $8,000 in 1837, $17,000 in 1841; Thomas Church general merchandise $13,817, in 1839, quit or merged; Church & Sheldon merchandise $4,254 in 1840, $13,920 in 1841; Tuthill King merchandise $15,000 in 1836; Taylor, Bruse & Co. merchandise $50,000 in 1836, quit about 1839; Paine & Norton merchandise $30,000 in 1839, $20,300 in 1841; C. Buhl hats and caps $15,000 in 1841; Osborn & Strail merchandise $7,067 in 1836, $18,517 in 1839, quit; J. P. Allen & Co. lumber $5,562; Kenzer & Underwood lumber $3,750 in 1836, $6,246 in 1839, quit; J. P. Rind flour $5,000 in 1838; P. T. & Co. merchandise $15,000 in 1839, $14,000 in 1841; A. N. Fullerton lumber $1,900 in 1837, $2,400 in 1841; H. O. Stone merchandise and hardware $1,900 in 1838, $66,859 in 1841 ; Gurney & Matteson leather $15,000 in 1841; A. Follansbe groceries $4,000 in 1836, $6,000 in 1841 ; M. & A. mer- chandise $10,000 in 1841; D. & Bon merchandise $2,000 in 1838, $8,000 in 1840, $1,000 in 1841; G. A. & Co. merchandise $1,008 in 1836, $2,000 in 1841; M. & H. merchandise $10,000 in 1839, $20,000 in 1841; C. merchandise $12,000 in 1839, $15,000 in 1841; H. merchandise $15,000 in 1838, $10,000 in 1841; S. & A. merchandise $15,000 in 1839, $20,000 in 1841; Foster & Robb, ship chandlery, $8,000 in 1839, $2,000 in 1841; Hugunin & Pierce ship chandlery $10,000 in 1836, quit, 1838.
RECAPITULATION, IMPORTS.
1836
$ 325,203
1837
373,667
1838
579,174
1839
630,981
1840
562,106
1841
564,348
Total
$3,035,479
Names of houses not included above, whose imports are not reduced to a money valuation, and rated together .. $4,437,780
Grand total $7,473,259
Among the latter were Newberry & Dole who had imported 9,945 tons of merchanise; W. L. Whiting 1,408 tons merchandise ; Bristol & Porter 35,803 barrels bulk and 1,833 tons merchandise and household goods; Smith & Webster 7,900 barrels bulk and 1,750 tons merchandise; Kenzie & Underwood 6,000 tons mer-
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
chandise; New York and Michigan Lumber company 3,000,000 feet of lumber.
The exporting houses from 1836 to 1841, inclusive, were the fol- lowing: W. W. Saltonstall wheat 7,326 bushels worth $6,165 in 1841; Walker & Co. and C. Walker & Co. hides and wheat $1,000 hides 1836, $12,000 hides 1839, quit-also $185,000 wheat 1840; W. L. Whiting wheat 94,548 bushels in 1841, worth $75,362; H. Norton & Co. wheat and pork 24,038 bushels of wheat and 170 barrels of pork in 1841, all worth $24,432; Giles, Williams & Co. wheat, corn, flour, pork, beef, tallow and hams $6,780 in 1839, $33,636 in 1841 (43,695 bushels of wheat, 1,781 barrels of corn, 401 barrels beef, 553 barrels of flour, 141 barrels of pork, 2,718 hams, besides 33 bushels grass seed and 39 bushels beans; Church & Sheldon white beans 1621/2 barrels; Harmon & Loomis lead 8 tons; S. Lind & Co. flour, salt, pork 70 barrels; C. McDonnell merchandise $1,000 in 1839, $1,500 in 1841; B. W. Raymond pork, wheat, beans, flour, wool $3,000 in 1840, $6,000 in 1841; Hiram Norton butter $700 in 1841; S. B. Collins lead $150 in 1840, quit ; George W. Merrill wheat 12,212 bushels worth $9,359 in 1841; John Gage flour $2,063 in 1839, $6,144 in 1841; Craw- ford & Harvey wheat, beef and pork-$1,552 wheat in 1840, 18,- 700 bushels wheat in 1841, 1,000 barrels beef and pork in .1841 worth $7,000; Dodge & Tucker pork, lard and hams $5,200 in 1840; Bristol & Porter wheat $10,120 in 1840, 69,493 bushels in 1841 worth $45,000; John Finnerty hides and furs $2,000 in 1840; Paine & Norton pork, beef and lard $10,000 in 1839, $2,000 in 1841; H. Buht furs $3,000 in 1841; H. O. Stone wheat, flour, pork, flax, and seed beans $2,271 in 1840, $1,044 in 1841; Seth T. Otis pork, hams, lard, etc. $500 in 1841; Gurney & Matteson hides and furs $9,454 in 1840, $17,500 in 1841; Absalom Funk beef and pork $1,000 in 1837, $1,200 in 1841; M. &. S. & Co. beef and pork $1,000 in 1841 ; Smith & Webster beef, pork and flour 42,000 bushels of wheat in 1841, total $72,000.
RECAPITULATION, EXPORTS.
1836
$ 1,000
1837
11,000
1838
16,000
1839
32,843
1840
228,883
1841
349,368
Total
$639,094
To all this were to be added the exports which had no money valuation computed, as follows: Newberry & Dole pork, beef, flour and whisky 6,027 barrels; W. S. Whiting the same 566 tons; Newberry & Dole wheat 50,136 bushels, hides 3,235, packs of furs 704, lead and shot 40 tons; Smith & Webster beef, pork and flour 3.450 barrels; Bristol & Porter beef, pork, lard and flour 17,067
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
barrels, merchandise reshipped 244 tons, hides 6,223, packs of furs 421. All of this was put down by the committee as worth $321,252, which sum added to $639,094 gave $960,346 as the total of exports, but only the former amount was set down to Congress.
In addition to this the following firms had quit business and no account could be given of their trade and shipments: Walker & Bros., dry goods and groceries, 1837; Walter Kimball, same, 1837; Kimball & Porter, same, 1837; Jones, King & Co., hard- ware, 1837; King, Walker & Co., hardware, 1838; Peter Pruyne & Co., drugs etc., 1838; Joel Walker, dry goods, 1837; Wild, Ma- lony & Co., dry goods, 1837 ; J. W. C. Coffin, same, 1838; Beaubien & Boyce, same, 1837 ; T. R. Martin, same, 1836; M. McFarlin, same, 1836; William Hatch, same, 1836; McClure & Co., crockery, 1836; Munroe & Dunning, dry goods, 1837; Mr. Howard, same, 1846; Mr. Bates, same, 1836; Mr. Hogan, same, 1836; Guild & Durand, same, 1837; Jenkins & Reynolds, same, 1837; Vibband & Tripp, same, 1838; Kinzie, Davis & Hide, hardware, same, 1837; Cham- bers & Benedict, dry goods, 1836; Chauncey Clark, same, 1836; Mr. Freer, same, 1836; John L. Smith same, 1837; Rufus Mas- ten & Co., same, 1837; Mr. Luce, same, 1837 ; J. B. Beaubien same, 1837; Rogers & Marcoe, same, 1837; John L. Wilson, same, 1837; Thomas Duncan, clothing, 1838; Fayke & Wright, groceries, etc., 1837 ; Montgomery & Patterson, auctioneers, 1837; J. & J. Handy, dry goods, 1837; Henry King & Co., same, 1837; Walbridge & Jordan, groceries, 1837; J. Rayner, dry goods and groceries, 1838; L. Hunt, hats and furs, 1837; Cheng & Johnson, groceries, 1837; Mr. Brackett, groceries, 1837; Judge Smith, dry goods, 1838; Wheeler & Peck, groceries, 1838; Mark Beaubien, dry goods, 1837; Noble & Rider, groceries, 1838; Hall & Monroe, same, 1837; Parker & Gray, dry goods, 1838; A. D. Higgins; Heran Pearsons; J. L. Phillips, wholesale dry goods; M. Hatch, hard- ware, 1839; Mr. Woodworth, dry goods; Messrs. Caruthers & Co., same, 1837; Mr. Berry, same, 1841 : James Kinzie & Co., dry goods; Campbell, Wallace & Plumb. Fifty-seven firms had dis- continued business from 1836 to 1841.
Under the act approved February 14, 1855, the Board of Sew- erage Commissioners of the City of Chicago was incorporated. The act provided that three commissioners should be elected by the common council to serve as such board; that they should have the usual powers of corporations; that the first three elected should hold office for two, three and four years respectively: that one should be elected annually after the second year; that this board should have power to borrow, if deemed expedient, a sum not to exceed $500,000 upon the credit of Chicago and to issue bonds therefor bearing not over 7 per cent. interest ; that a complete rec- ord of all bonds and transactions should be kept; that one of the duties of the board should be to examine and consider all matters
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
relative to the thorough, systematic and effectual drainage of Chicago, not only of surface water and filth, but also of the soil on which the city is situated to a 'depth to secure dryness in cellars and entire freedom from stagnant water; that said board could offer rewards for the best system of drainage and duly advertise same; that there should be three sewerage districts in Chicago cor- responding to the three divisions-North, West and South; that each district should be kept distinct and separate from the others ; that the system of each district should be uniform yet complete in itself; that the plan when adopted should be made public; that citizens of the common council should be heard in opposition to the plan; that the board should duly consider all such objections and notify the public of any change in plan; that after the plan had been duly adopted they should advertise for proposals to let out the work on contracts, or do the same under their own imme- diate supervision; that as soon as the plan has been adopted the board should have power to issue the bonds aforesaid, the bonds to run for not to exceced twenty-five years; that the drainage board should report the amount for assessment in each district; that they should likewise report to the council such amount as they should find necessary to provide a sinking fund for the retirement of the bonds; that the council should levy a special tax on each district for the amount required; that the board should invest the amount raised for sinking fund in United States or state government stocks, or in bond and mortgage upon unincumbered real estate in Cook county ; that new bonds could be issued for the old in case the latter could not be paid; that the board could lay out lots and put up necessary buildings, construct reservoirs, lay sewers or drains through alleys and streets and along highways whether within the city limits or not; that the cost of private drains and sewers should be a special charge upon lots adjacent and benefited; that the board should prescribe the form and location of private drains and sew- ers; that all lots needing it should be drained by the board and the cost charged to the owners; that members of the board could be removed by the judge of the Circuit court or the Common Pleas court of Cook county, upon petition of a majority of all the members of the council; that the board should regulate privies, cesspools and employ scavengers ; that they could make such changes in grades of streets, alleys and gutters as would best remove the sewage; that the board could borrow for a short time necessary funds previous to the issue of the first bonds; that the chief engi- neer of the board should reside in Chicago and should give his en- tire time to these duties; and that the act should take effect from and after its passage.
In an act of February 14, 1859, additional to the act of February 14, 1855, incorporating a Board of Sewerage commissioners for Chicago, it was provided that the board should have power to bor-
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
row upon bonds an additional sum of $500,000, to be issued and re- deemed as previous bonds had been.
The act of February 15, 1865, provided that the board of public works be authorized and required to devise, adopt and execute a plan for cleansing the Chicago river and its branches and that if in the judgment of the board the complete drainage of the river could best be effected by constructing a channel from Chicago river and its branches to or near Lockport or by widening or deepening the Illinois and Michigan canal, they were authorized to devise and put in execution a plan for that purpose; that to carry into effect such plan the city should be authorized to borrow an additional sum not exceeding $2,000,000 to be paid for in bonds; that should the work of enlarging and deepening the said canal for a ship or steam- boat canal be prosecuted by the United States or the State of Illi- nois or the trustees of the Illinois and Michigan canal, the common council was authorized to contribute to such enterprise such part of the aforesaid $2,000,000 as they should deem proper; and that the common council should have power to authorize the construction of one or more tunnels under the Chicago river.
The act of February 16, 1865, provided stringent rules for sani- tary and health measures for Chicago.
The act of March 7, 1867, provided "that all the powers, privi- leges and immunities conferred upon the Cook county drainage commissioners, in the original act creating said commissioners a body politic, be and are hereby revived and extended over the entire county of Cook in the State of Illinois, with power to act in any part of said county. Their powers were likewise extended.
The act of February 28, 1867, added Lambert Blum and Michael Gormly to the board of drainage commissioners for Townships 41 and 42 north, Ranges 13 and 14 east, and Sections 1, 2, 11 and 12, Township 40 north, Range 13 east, and added to their drainage dis- trict Township 42 north, Range 12 east.
The act of June 6, 1887, organized the city of Chicago as a drain- age district and the corporate authorities were vested with the powers conferred by the act of June 22, 1885. The corporate au- thorities were authorized to construct and maintain a cut-off drain or ditch for the diversion of the flood waters of the Des Plaines river into Lake Michigan at some point north of the city of Chi- cago to aid the drainage system of the district. It was provided that if such cut-off should occupy a portion of the North branch of Chicago river, such branch was to be widened and deepened as would be required; that such cut-off could be so constructed as to act as a drain for the surrounding lands ; that no more of the water of the Des Plaines should be thus diverted than the excess above the ordinary water mark in said stream; that suitable dams and sluiceways should be constructed at the point of diversion; that during dry weather no water should be thus diverted; that during
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
floods not more than 3,000 cubic feet per minute should be thus di- verted; that if desirable a dam could be constructed across Mud Lake valley, near the west line of Sections 6 and 7, Township 38 north, Range 13 east; that the necessary right of way should be ac- quired, etc.
It was provided that upon petition of a majority of lot owners on Michigan avenue between Washington street and Park row, it should be lawful for the common council to increase the width of Michigan avenue between Washington street and Park row, thirty- six feet upon the east line; that the school lands and school funds of Township 39 north, Range 14 east, should be vested in the city of Chicago; that the act of February 23, 1847, creating the South Chicago school district should be repealed; that there should be established at least one free common school in each school district; that schools for colored children apart from white children should be provided; that it should be unlawful for colored children to attend the white schools; that the board of public works should have charge and superintendence of the water works and the sup- ply of pure water from the lake to the inhabitants; that the board of public works should have power to issue all bonds authorized to be issued by the Chicago City Hydraulic company by act of 1851; that the board of public works should have charge and superintend- ence of the sewers, and could issue all bonds authorized to be issued under the law of 1855 creating a board of sewerage commissioners.
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The act approved May 29, 1889, provided that any contiguous territory within the limits of a county so situated that the mainten- ance of a common outlet for drainage was conducive to the public health, the same could be incorporated as a sanitary district. Such district must be petitioned for by 5,000 voters, and then the ques- tion must be submitted to the people. It was provided that the board of commissioners of such sanitary district should consist of the county judge and two circuit judges who were to determine the boundaries of the district; that there should be nine trustees elected for each sanitary district to hold office for five years and to be a board of trustees for such district with power to elect a clerk, treas- urer, chief engineer and attorney for such municipality and with full power to manage and control the affairs of the district and to establish and construct a drainage system and acquire property and borrow money for this purpose; that they could levy and collect taxes, issue bonds, let contracts, etc. ; that any channel or outlet con- structed under this act should be of sufficient size to produce a con- tinuous flow through any river or other stream; that any channel thus constructed which should cause the waters of Lake Michigan to pass into the Des Plaines or Illinois river, should be of sufficient size and capacity to produce and maintain at all times a continuous flow of not less than 300,000 cubic feet of water per minute with a depth of not less than fourteen feet and a current not exceeding
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
three miles per hour ; that if any portion of such channel should be cut through any rocky stratum, where such stratum is above a grade sufficient to produce eighteen feet of water from Lake Michi- gan such portion of the channel should have double the flowing ca- pacity above provided for with a width of not less than 160 feet at the bottom capable of producing a depth of not less than eighteen feet of water; that if the government should so improve the Des Plaines and Illinois rivers that the same should be capable of re- ceiving a flow of 600,000 cubic feet of water per minute and should provide for the payment of the damages to private property by the extra flow above 300,000 cubic feet of water per minute, then such sanitary district should have power to enlarge the chan- nel leading into said Des Plaines and Illinois rivers so that it could receive and discharge not less than 600,000 cubic feet of water per minute with a current of not more than three miles per hour; that in such case the channel should have a depth of not less than eight- een feet and a width of not less than 160 feet at the bottom; that such channel when duly constructed and carrying 300,000 cubic feet of water per minute should be a navigable stream; and that other territory could drain through this channel by obtaining per- mit from the drainage board.
By act of 1889 the Sanitary district of Chicago was created to dispose of Chicago sewage through the Des Plaines and Illinois rivers by means of a canal dug across the Chicago divide of such capacity as to dilute the sewage beyond offense and to be of such size, depth, etc., as to form navigable waters from Lake Michigan to the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. The State dams at Copp creek and Henry creek were ordered removed and work on the dams at La Grange and Kempsville was stopped. The work was so far advanced that water could be turned on by 1899 and the general government had completed locks and dams at La Grange and at Kempsville, therefore it was
Resolved, That it is the policy of Illinois to construct a great waterway between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi river, via Chicago, Des Plaines and Illinois rivers; that the locks and dams at La Grange and Kempsville are detrimental to the sanitary and agricultural welfare of Illinois and should be removed; that the rockbound section of the Des Plaines and Illinois rivers from the end of the Sanitary canal and Chicago to Lockport, thence to the head of the alluvial river at Utica should be developed to a naviga- ble depth of not less than fourteen feet, and that the United States be requested to enter upon this work in cooperation with this State. All dams across the Illinois river were demanded removed.
The act of June 16, 1893, provided that the Chicago Sanitary district should have the right and power to appoint a 'police force with power along its right of way and for a distance of one and one- half miles on each side of the main drainage channel, to act in aid of the regular police force of the city.
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HISTORY OF COOK COUNTY
The law of May 14, 1893, provided that the corporate limits of the Sanitary district of Chicago might be extended by the addition of the following territory: Beginning at the intersection of the county line between Cook and Lake counties, with the west shore of Lake Michigan; thence west along said county line to the northwest corner of Section 3, Township 42 north, Range 12 east, thence south to the southwest corner of Section 33, Township 42 north, Range 12 east; thence east to the northwest corner of Section 12, Township 41 north, Range 12 east; thence south to the northwest corner of Section 25 in said town and range; thence east to the northeast corner of the west half of the west half of said Section 25; thence south to the southwest corner of the west half of the west half of Section 26, of said town and range; thence east to the northeast corner of the west half of Section 1, Township 40 north, Range 12 east; thence south to the southeast corner of the west half of Section 13, of said township and range; thence east to the southeast corner of Section 13, thence east, north, northwest and east along the present boundary line of said Sanitary district of Chicago to the shore of Lake Michigan ; thence northwesterly along the shore of the lake to the place of beginning. Also the following tract : Commencing at the northeast corner of Section 3, Township 37 north, Range 13 east; thence south to the southwest corner of Section 11, Township 36 north, Range 13 east; thence east and south along the boundary lines of Section 14 in said township to the southeast corner of said Section 14; thence east to the southeast cor- ner of Section 17, Township 36 north, Range 15 east; thence north along the eastern boundary of Illinois to its intersection with the shore of Lake Michigan; thence along the said shore to the south boundary line of the Sanitary district of Chicago; thence west along the south boundary line of same to the place of beginning.
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