USA > Indiana > History of the Indiana democracy, 1816-1916 > Part 78
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The State representatives from Daviess county have been in most instances, men of more than average ability. Some of them were farmers, some teachers, some lawyers, some doctors and some mechanics. The following were Democrats: James G. Reed was Representative for four terms, as stated above. Patrick M. Brett was representa- tive in 1833, Richard A. Clements in 1841 and 1845, Benjamin Goodwin in 1849, John Scudder in 1851, T. A. Slicer in 1857, R. A. Clements, Jr., in 1859; M. L. Brett in 1861, Noah E. Given in 1863, John H. O'Neall in 1867, John Hyatt in 1869, Robert Haynes in 1871, M. L. Brett in 1873. Harvey Taylor in 1875, P. H. McCarty in 1877, Samuel H. Taylor in 1879, Clement Lee in 1881, Haman Woodling in 1883, Samuel H. Taylor in 1885, Oliver H. MeKittrick in 1889, Sanford Pat- terson in 1897, James F. Parks in 1901, and John Hoddinot in 1913.
Some of the Democrats of the county have made their influence felt not only in local affairs of State but in district, State and nation. As stated above, James G. Reed, a Daviess county Democrat, was twice the candidate of his party for Governor of Indiana. Later he was ap- pointed the Registrar of the Land Office at Jeffer- sonville. He became a resident of Jeffersonville and was a member of the constitutional conven-
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HISTORY INDIANA DEMOCRACY-1816-1916
tion of 1850 from Clark county. Matthew L. Brett, who was for a long period prominent in the business and political life of the county, was State Treasurer from 1863 to 1865. John R. Phillips, who was one of the early School Exam- iners of the county, was the Democratic candi- date for State Superintendent in 1868. Samuel H. Taylor, School Examiner, County Chairman, Prosecuting Attorney, State Representative and candidate for Congress, was a delegate to the national conventions which nomniated Greeley, Tilden and Cleveland in 1884. For nearly half a century John Henry O'Neall was a force in Daviess county politics. He was State Repre- sentative in 1867, County Chairman in 1870, 1878, 1896 and 1898, and member of Congress for two terms-1886 and 1888-and a delegate to the na- tional convention in 1896. William D. Bynum, who later was Congressman from the Indianap- olis district, was elected City Clerk of Wash- ington in 1870 and Mayor of Washington in 1877. David J. Hefron was county chairman in 1872, and elected Mayor of Washington the same year, and was State Senator from 1877 to 1883. After- ward he was judge of the Forty-ninth Judicial Circuit. James W. Ogdon, the present judge of the circuit composed of Daviess and Martin counties, has been prominent in county, district and State politics for a number of years. He has served his city as mayor and was a delegate to the national convention in 1888. John W. Mc- Carty, the present Mayor of Washington, County Chairman for three terms, postmaster for one term, one of Indiana's representatives in the Cleveland inaugural parade, candidate for Presi- dential Elector in 1904, was one of Indiana's dele- gates to the Baltimore convention which nomi- nated Woodrow Wilson. John H. Spencer has been prominent in the councils of his party for a number of years. He has served as Mayor of Washington and was a delegate to the national convention of 1900. Mr. Spencer is now an in- come tax collector. J. Alvin Padgett is one of the younger Democrats of the county who is influential in State politics. He is now one of the trustees of the Jeffersonville reformatory.
Much of the success of a political party de- pends upon the manner in which its campaigns are directed. This is especially true in a county which is close politically. A large majority of the Democratic county chairmen of Daviess county have been men of political experience and sa- gacity. No records of the party's early organi- zations are to be found. In 1868 Samuel H. Taylor was the county chairman. He conducted a winning campaign. John H. O'Neall directed the campaign of 1870 with success for his party. The county chairman in 1872 was David J. Hef-
ron. Grant carried the county but the Democrats elected their county ticket. The veteran editor of the Daviess County Democrat, Stephen Beld- ing, managed the campaign for the Democrats in 1874 and succeeded in electing their entire ticket. For the centennial year John A. Geeting was the county chairman. Tilden carried the county by a majority of 324, the largest majority any presi- dential candidate had been given by the county up to that time. John H. O'Neall, in 1878, for the second time, conducted a successful campaign for his party. In 1880, Nathan G. Read was the county chairman. The Democrats carried the county for their county, State and national tickets. W. H. H. Strouse successfully directed the campaign in 1882. Under the management of Arnold J. Padgett, the Democratic county, State and national tickets of 1884 received substantial majorities. The campaign of 1886 was under the direction of W. H. H. Strouse. The Democrats were again successful. Strouse was again man- ager in 1888. Hovey, the Republican candidate for Governor, carried the county by 3. O'Neall, the Democratic candidate for Congress, carried the county by 4 and McKittrick, the Democratic candidate for State Representative, was elected by 46. John W. McCarty was the county chair- man for the campaigns of 1890, 1892 and 1894. The Republicans were successful in each of these campaigns. The Populists polled a large vote in each of these elections and a large part of their votes came from the Democratic party. After a period of twenty-six years, John H. O'Neall was again called upon to manage the campaign for his party. This was the Bryan campaign of 1896. A large number of the Populists voted with the Democrats this year. The Democrats carried the county by an overwhelming majority. O'Neall was again at the helm in 1898. The Democrats were not successful this year. The campaign of 1900 was directed by John H. Spencer. The county again voted for Bryan and the Democratic county ticket. A. O. Fulkerson was the County Chairman in 1902. The Republicans were successful this year. In 1904, John W. McCarty, for the third time, was the manager of the campaign for the Democrats. The Republicans were again the winners. In 1906, George B. McWilliams was the County Chairman and in 1908 Philander McHenry was the manager. The Republicans were success- ful in both campaigns. E. E. Forsythe was chosen to direct the campaign for the Democrats in 1910. They elected the Auditor, Clerk and Sheriff. Forsythe managed the Democratic cam- paign again in 1912. The Democrats carried the county by a large majority. This year the Pro- gressives polled a larger vote in the county than did the Republicans. In 1914, Ora McKittrick was
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HISTORY INDIANA DEMOCRACY-1816-1916
the County Chairman. The Republicans won.
The newspapers are molders of public opinion in all lines of thought. The political party that has a newspaper or newspapers edited by men of ability to champion its cause is in a position to do far more effective work than if it were not so supported. The Democratic party of Daviess county has been unusually fortunate in this re- gard. Men of exceptional ability have been the editors of its Democratic newspapers. The Jack- sonian was probably the first Democratic news- paper of the county. During its short life its editor, Jeremiah Young, made a valiant fight for the cause of Democracy. The Sun, edited by Rev. Hamilton Robb, was the next Democratic organ in the county. It soon changed hands and with this change it changed its name to the Wash- ington Bee. James Wilkins was the editor of the Bee. Wilkins did not hesitate to use the strongest, vitriolic language in speaking of his political op- ponents. In 1867, the Daviess County Democrat was first published. From that time until the present it has been one of the strong county papers of the State. For about thirty years Stephen Belding was its editor. Belding always supported the Democratic ticket in a forceful and effective manner. The local victories of the Democrats during the 60's, the 70's and the 80's were in no small part due to the efforts of Beld- ing through the Democrat. It was during the lat- ter part of the 80's that Samuel B. Boyd became its editor. The Democrat, under the editorship of Boyd, has been and is the same conservative, forceful and influential paper it was under Beld- ing. It is the biggest asset of the Democrats of Daviess county. Henry Backes is now a half- owner of the Democrat. He is its business mana- ger.
Daviess county has been the scene of many hard-fought political battles. Two fights for the congressional delegates of the county are among the most noted. In 1884 Andrew Humphreys of Greene county sought the Democratic nomination for Congress in the Second Congressional Dis- trict. Thomas R. Cobb of Knox county, who had served two terms in Congress, was again a can- didate. The contest had reached the stage that he who won the Daviess county delegation was almost certain to be nominated. A mass conven- tion of the Democrats of the county was called to meet at Washington on March 28, 1884. Dem- ocrats from all parts of the county gathered at the court house on that day. Many Republicans were there as spectators. There was no contest in selecting a chairman for the meeting. The trouble came in choosing the delegates. Some wanted the chairman to appoint the delegates,
some wanted the Democrats from each township to get together and select their delegates, and some wanted the candidate who had the most supporters present to name the delegates. After much heated discussion it was decided that all the Democrats present should assemble in the yard at the east entrance of the court house and the Cobb supporters gather on one side of the walk and the Humphreys supporters on the other. After many charges and counter-charges of dis- honesty and unfair methods were hurled back and forth it was decided that Cobb had the ma- jority.
A somewhat similar fight took place in 1902. Congressman Robert W. Myers was seeking an- other nomination. Cyrus E. Davis of Greene county and Charles W. Wellman of Sullivan county were also aspirants. Again it appeared that he who would get the support of Daviess county would be nominated. A mass convention met at Washington on March 15, 1902, to select delegates. The fight over the chairman of the convention decided the matter. The following is taken from the account of the Washington Dem- ocrat : "John H. Spencer placed A. O. Fulkerson in nomination and Hamlet Allen suggested the name of Hon. John H. O'Neall. Robert P. Shir- ley was called to the chair to decide the voice of the convention. Mr. Shirley decided in favor of Mr. Fulkerson. A. J. Padgett and J. W. Ogdon appealed from the chair, but there was such an uproar that they could not make their voices heard in all parts of the house. A. J. Dant ap- peared on the stage at this juncture and asked that the immense crowd remain quiet. The three candidates for Congress, Messrs. Myers, Davis and Wellman, were then called upon and spoke briefly. The three congressional candidates then agreed upon a method of selecting a chairman to preside over the convention-the agreement that the opera house be cleared and that three men, each representing a congressional candidate, be stationed at the door and count those favoring O'Neall and those favoring Fulkerson. This plan of deciding the choice of the convention resulted in favor of Mr. O'Neall." O'Neall was a sup- porter of Davis and appointed delegates favoring Davis.
On December 31, 1915, Lew S. Core, Auditor; John L. Clark, Treasurer, and George W. Har- mon, Sheriff, all Democrats, retired from office. They had made splendid officials. They were suc- ceeded by Republicans. James W. Ogdon, Judge; William H. Kiefer, Clerk; James Sause, County Commissioner, and A. O. Fulkerson, County Su- perintendent, are at this writing the only county officials who are Democrats.
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.
HISTORY OF THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF DEARBORN COUNTY
W HEN General William Henry Harrison, then governor of Indiana Territory, on the 7th of March, 1803, issued his procla- mation authorizing the organization of Dearborn county, he created and set aside a political unit which seems to have been destined to be eternally and overwhelmingly Democratic.
The new county was named in honor of Major- General Henry Dearborn, at that time Secretary of War under President Thomas Jefferson.
So far as known, and so far as any records can be found, and these records by the way are pretty complete, Dearborn county has never in her history of considerably over one hundred years cast a majority for any ticket other than Democratic. These majorities have also been very substantial.
From 1790 to 1798 Dearborn was a part of Knox county, and associated in good Democratic company. In 1798 and until 1802, at which latter date the western boundary of the state of Ohio was described by the congress, Dearborn became a part of Hamilton county, Ohio. For one year following its disconnection from the Ohio county, the territory was unattached, becoming a part of Clark county, Indiana, only a few months before the legislature passed an act organizing Dear- born as an independent county, with the seat of justice at Lawrenceburg.
From the time when Dearborn county was first organized Rising Sun was ambitious to be named as the seat of justice. The people of Rising Sun and in the territory surrounding were demanding that a new county be created in order that they might select their own officials. They were un- able to accomplish anything until in 1836, when they joined with the people of Wilmington and succeeded in removing the county seat from Lawrenceburg to Wilmington. The only way in which Lawrenceburg could have the court house brought home with the prospect of retaining it permanently was to accede to the demands of the Rising Sun sentiment for a new county.
An act of the legislature in 1843 provided for and created the county of Ohio, with Rising Sun as the seat of government, at the same time pro- vided for removing the Dearborn county seat from Wilmington to Lawrenceburg. This di- vision of territory in no way changed the politi- cal complexion of Dearborn county, but it did set off to themselves a small number of voters who have been rather persistent about electing Republican officials; this, however, by very nar- row majorities.
On the same day that Dearborn county was or- ganized General William Henry Harrison ap- pointed justices who should constitute the court of common pleas, the court of general quarter sessions of the peace, and the orphans' court. The men appointed were Benjamin Chambers, Jabez Percival, Barnet Hulick, John Brownson, Jere- miah Hunt, Richard Stevens, William Major and James McCarty. Samuel C. Vance was named clerk of courts and James Dill recorder.
The first session of the court of general quarter sessions was held in one room of the residence of Dr. Jabez Percival at Lawrenceburg. This was on the first Monday in September, 1803.
At this session of the court there were some interesting arguments of a nature that do not prevail in more modern times. An altercation arose between the judge and one of the witness- es who was rather slow in responding to ques- tions. The witness concluded the argument with an old-fashioned oak clapboard. The judge suc- ceeded in protecting his head by throwing up his arm to meet the blow. This resulted in breaking both the clapboard and the judge's arm. After the judges had conferred on the matter they de- cided the witness was guilty of contempt of court and sentenced him to jail. There being no jail, his hands and feet were tied and he was placed in a fence corner, protected by a few extra rails to prevent his rolling out. This constituted his prison until such time as he was willing to admit that he was at least sorry that he had assailed the court. No political significance attached to the incident, nor is there any record that it was held against either of the participants in any future campaign.
In the appointment of territorial judges, from March 7, 1803, when the county was organized, and until 1816, when the state was admitted to the Union, if politics had anything to do with the selection, the people of the county were in no way responsible. They had nothing to say about the matter. No doubt the men were se- lected more for their ability and capacity to fill the position than from any political alliance, persons qualified for that position at that time not being so numerous as at the present day.
As illustrating the stanch Democracy of the people of Dearborn county, it is interesting to no- tice the few instances in which Republicans have been permitted to hold local offices. In the long list of circuit judges, who always have and do today represent Dearborn, in alliance with one or more of her neighboring counties, the Dearborn
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HISTORY INDIANA DEMOCRACY-1816-1916
Democratic majority has been sufficient to over- come any Whig or Republican voting on the part of her neighbors and political associates.
In only two instances in the election of circuit judges has any Republican succeeded in getting into office. Jeremiah M. Wilson, of Fayette county, was the first of these, serving from 1865 to 1869. Robert N. Lamb was the second and last Republican who succeeded in any such perform- ance. He was from Switzerland county, and served from '69 to '71. Judge Lamb's one terni as circuit judge followed his service on the com- mon pleas bench from 1865 to 1869. The other Republican judge, who also came from Switzer- land county, sat in the common pleas court from 1861 to 1865. He was Judge Francis M. Adkin- son. These were the only Republicans who served Dearborn county in a judicial capacity in the first one hundred years of the state's history.
As already stated, the Democratic majorities have been very large and always safe. Only once did the Republicans succeed in leading on a pres- idential candidate. That was when Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860 and the opposition was divided into three factions, Douglas, Demo- crat, receiving 787 votes, Breckenridge, South- ern Democrat, 525 votes, Bell, Union party, 208 votes. Lincoln was given 1,158 votes. In 1864, on the state election, the county came nearer go- ing Republican than ever before or since. At that time the vote stood 2,354 Democratic and 2,451 Republican. The presidential votes of the county since 1852, previous to which time every- thing was overwhelmingly Democratic, stood as follows:
Dem.
Rep.
Prog.
1860-Governor.
2,548
2,077
.
1862-Secretary
2,687
1,540
1864-Governor
2,354
2,151 ..
1866-Secretary
2,905
2,251
1868-Governor.
3,072
2,183
1870-Secretary
2,892
1,658
1872-Governor.
3,122
2,014
1874-Secretary.
3,311
1,614
1876-Governor.
3,438
2,104
1878-Secretary.
3,267
1,834
1880-Governor.
3,640
2,519
1882-Secretary
3,417
1,649
1884-Governor
3,569
2,512
1886-Secretary
3,254
2,386
1888-Governor.
3,534
2,645
1890-Secretary.
2,976
2,093
1892-Governor
3,376
2,260
1894-Secretary
2,966
2,544
1896-Governor
3,283
2,681
1898-Secretary.
2,875
2,139
1900-Governor
3,315
2,509
1902-Secretary
2,920
2,083
1904-Governor.
3,215
2,541
1908-Governor.
3,401
2,445
1910-Secretary
2,826
1,915
1912-Governor.
2,866
1,302
732
1914-Senator
2,722
1,924
61
1916-Governor.
2,934
2,299
A good many distinguished citizens and other- wise have held the office of county commissioner in Dearborn county in the period of one hundred years. In the whole list there are only two re- corded in any history, or remembered by any one, who were Republicans. These were Benjamin P. Walser, elected in 1895, and Frederick Wolber, elected in 1896.
In the choosing of auditors the Republicans were more fortunate. They actually succeeded in electing five auditors, the first being Alex- ander Pattison, who was elected in 1879, the next Edward D. Moore, who came in by a small ma- jority in 1887; then Ambrose E. Nolin, elected in 1895, Charles L. Walser, elected in 1897, and Harry Lauterbeck, who was elected in 1914.
The offices of county treasurer, county record- er, county sheriff, prosecuting attorney, county coroner and county surveyor have never been in- vaded by any but Democrats. In only one in- stance has any Republican got into the office of county clerk. This was David Lesteitter, who was elected in 1894 and served for four years.
Members of the State Legislature, both sena- tors and representatives, have all been Demo- cratic.
These served as territorial judges for the four- teen years preceding the admission of the State:
Dem.
Rep.
Prog.
1856-Governor.
2,636
1,867
..
1858-Secretary.
South.
Dem.
Rep. Amer. Dem. Union
Pro.
1852
1,113
1,054
1856.
1,126
480
660
1860
787
1,158
525
208
1864.
2,420
2,117
1868.
2,921
2,255
1872.
2,792
1,990
1876.
3,379
2,093
1880.
3,615
2,547
1888.
3,531
2,648
1892.
3,397
2,274
1896.
3,313
2,714
1900
3,371
2,533
...
1904.
3,264
2,588
. .
...
1908
3,365
2,520
....
....
1912.
. . 2,957
1,366
. . 701
1916 .. . . . 3,010
2,318
. .
The vote for state officers since 1856 has been as follows:
2,363
1,486
....
..
. . .
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HISTORY INDIANA DEMOCRACY-1816-1916
Benjamin Chambers-March 7, 1803, to Dec. 14, 1810.
Jabez Percival-March 8, 1803, to Jan. 6, 1814. Barnet Hulick-March 7, 1803, to Dec. 14, 1809. John Brownson-March 7, 1803, to Jan. 6, 1814. Jeremiah Hunt-March 7, 1803.
Richard Stevens-March 7, 1803.
William Major-March 7, 1803, to Jan. 6, 1814. James McCarty-March 7, 1803.
Isaac Dunn-March 17, 1812, to Feb. 14, 1817. Elijah Sparks-Jan. 16, 1814; died May, 1815.
James Noble-Appointed vacancy; served till 1816.
Jesse L. Holman-Judge at time State was ad- mitted in 1816.
Since the State became a part of the Union and the county of Dearborn began electing its own officials, these Democrats have been elected to of- fice :
CIRCUIT JUDGES
John Test-Franklin county, 1818-19.
John Watts-Dearborn county, 1819-20.
Miles C. Eggleston-Jefferson county, 1820-45. Courtland Cushing-Jefferson county, 1845-47. George H. Dunn-Jefferson county, 1847-50. William M. McCarty-Jefferson county, 1850-53. Reuben D. Logan-Jefferson county, 1853-65. Henry C. Hanna-Jefferson county, 1871-73. Omar F. Roberts-Dearborn county, 1873-79. Noah S. Givan-Dearborn county, 1879-85. W. H. Bainbridge-Dearborn county, 1885-91. Alexander C. Downey-Ohio county, 1891-97. Noah S. Givan-Dearborn county, 1897-1903. George F. Downey-Dearborn county, 1903-09. George F. Downey-Dearborn county, 1909-13. (Resigned to accept place as comptroller of United States Treasury.)
Warren N. Hauck-Dearborn county, 1913-15. (For unexpired term.)
Warren N. Hauck-Dearborn county, elected in 1915.
COMMON PLEAS JUDGES
William S. Holman-Dearborn county, 1853-56. Charles N. Shook-Ripley county, 1856-61.
Scott Carter-Switzerland county, 1869-72.
ASSOCIATE JUDGES
Solomon Manwarring-1816-30.
John Livingston, Isaac Dunn-1830-38.
John McPike-1830-35.
Samuel H. Dowden-1835-38.
John Livingston-1838-45.
Alfred J. Cotton-1838-45.
David Conger-1845-51. John A. Emrie.
PROBATE JUDGES
George H. Dunn-1829-31.
John Livingston-1831-37.
John McPike-1837. John Palmer-1837-43.
Theodore Gazlay-1843.
William S. Holman-1843-47.
Alfred I. Cotton-1847-52.
TERRITORIAL LEGISLATURE
'At Vincennes, July 29, 1805; Benjamin Cham- bers, of Dearborn, presiding; Jesse B. Thomas, of Dearborn, speaker of the house.
Second session, September 26, 1808; Jesse B. Thomas, speaker of the house.
Third session, November 10, 1810.
Fourth session, February 1, 1813; James Dill, Dearborn, speaker, and Isaac Dunn, speaker last seven days of session.
Fifth session, Corydon, August 14, 1814; Jesse L. Holman, Dearborn, president legislative council.
Constitutional convention, 1816: Dearborn- James Dill, Solomon Manwarring and Ezra Ferris.
Constitutional convention, 1851: Dearborn- William S. Holman, John D. Johnson, Johnson Watts.
STATE LEGISLATURE-SENATORS
1816-18-Ezra Ferris.
1821-22-John Gray.
1825-30-John Watts.
1831-32-James T. Pollock.
1833-D. V. Culley.
1834-35-Daniel Plummer.
1838-43-Johnson Watts.
1844-45-George P. Buell.
1849-51-James H. Lane (president of senate).
1846-51-James P. Milliken.
1852-57-Richard D. Slater.
1859-61-Cornelius O'Brien. 1863-65-James W. Graff.
1867-69-Elijah Huffman.
1871-73-Richard Gregg.
1875-78-Noah S. Givan.
1878-82-A. J. Bowers.
1882-86-Columbus Johnson.
1886-90-Francis M. Griffith.
1890-93-Columbus Johnson.
1898-1902-George H. Keeney.
1902-06-William H. O'Brien.
1906-10-Evan L. Patterson.
1910-14-Warren N. Houck.
1914- Joseph P. Hemphill.
STATE LEGISLATURE-HOUSE MEMBERS
1816-Amos Lane, Erasmus Powell.
1817-Amos Lane.
1818-Erasmus Powell, John Watts.
1820-Ezra Ferris, Erasmus Powell.
1822-Pinckney James, Horace Bassett, Ezekiel Jackson.
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HISTORY INDIANA DEMOCRACY-1816-1916
1823-Samuel Jelley, Benjamin J. Blythe, Da- vid Bowers.
1824-Abel C. Pepper, Horace Bassett, Ezekiel Jackson.
1825-Ezekiel Jackson, Abel C. Pepper, Thomas Given.
1826-Ezra Ferris, Ezekiel Jackson, Horace Bassett.
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