Town Report on Lincoln 1935-1940, Part 15

Author: Lincoln (Mass.)
Publication date: 1935
Publisher: Lincoln (Mass.)
Number of Pages: 860


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(b) The use of fire-resisting shingles or other fire-resisting roof covering is recommended.


Sec. 8. Brick Buildings.


(a) Bond.


All brick walls shall be built with proper bond and all inter- sections of walls shall be thoroughly bonded together with brick or tied together with wrought iron straps as often as every eight feet in height. Floor timbers shall be anchored to the exterior brick walls on which they rest and to each other on partition walls so as to form continuous ties across the build- ing at least every eight feet. They shall be bevelled so that they will not touch each other.


(b) Thickness of Walls.


External walls of brick dwelling houses, if not more than twelve feet in height above the foundation walls, shall be not less than eight inches thick for their entire height; if two stories and not more than twenty-five feet in height, they shall be not less than twelve inches thick to the top of the second floor and not less than eight inches thick for the remain- ing height; if more than twenty-five feet in height, they shall be not less than twelve inches thick to the top of the third floor and eight inches thick for the remaining height.


Sec. 9. Chimneys.


(a) All chimneys hereafter erected shall be built from the ground of brick, stone or other fireproof non-heat-conducting materials, and shall be built plumb or nearly so, so as to be self-sustaining, provided, however, that brick flues may be


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securely built into the brick work of the walls of the building to which they are hung, when the walls are not less than twelve inches thick, and provided also that, with the consent of the Inspector, other forms of support may be used with such special safeguard as he may require. The top of a chimney shall in no case be less than three feet from any point of the roof, provided, however, that if fire resisting shingles or other fire resisting roof covering is used, the top of the chimney may be no less than two (2) feet from any point of the roof. Chimneys extending more than ten feet above intersection with roof must be guyed as directed by the Inspector of Buildings.


(b) All brick chimneys shall be built of hard burned brick, plastered outside below the roofing after having been examined and approved by the Inspector of Buildings, except that outside plaster may be omitted in exposed portions of said chimneys. Said chimneys shall be topped-out with brick or stone, laid in cement and the topping-out shall not have more than one and one-half inches projection unless the bricks are covered by a cap of stone or other non-combustible material in one piece, properly secured, and approved by the Inspector of Buildings. In no case shall a nail be driven into the masonry of any flue. All chimneys with less than eight inch walls shall be lined with vitrified clay flue-lining, and shall be pro- vided with a convenient clean-out at the base of each flue.


(c) All hearths shall be supported upon trimmer arches of brick, cement or stone or upon bars of iron supporting a bed of brick work to the satisfaction of the Inspector of Buildings and shall be at least nine inches longer than the width of the fireplace openings, and at least eighteen inches wide in front of the chimney breast. Wooden centering, supporting a trimmer arch shall be removed before plastering.


(d) Brick work of all grates, fireplaces and ranges shall be not less than eight inches thick. No woodwork shall be secured to the brick work of any flue. Open fireplaces shall have fire- proof foundations, and unless brick work is twelve inches thick, shall have a two-inch lining of fire brick or other material approved by the Inspector of Buildings.


Sec. 10. Fireproofing Details.


(a) No furnace or range set in masonry shall hereafter be


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placed or its location changed in any building without a permit from the Inspector of Buildings who shall prescribe such regu- lations for the setting and placing thereof as, in his judgment, public safety may require.


(b) The top of every heating furnace or steam boiler shall be kept at least one foot below the lowest part of the ceiling or floor next above it and such protective covering shall be placed on the ceiling as the Inspector of Buildings may require.


(c) No smoke pipe in any building with wooden or com- bustible floors or ceiling shall hereafter enter any flue except at a distance of not less than twelve inches from the floor or ceiling and in all cases where smoke pipes pass through stud or wooden partitions of any kind, whether the same be plas- . tered or not, they shall be guarded by a soapstone ring or its equivalent, having a thickness radial to said pipe of not less than one and one-half inches, and extending through said partition. Where smoke pipes pass through woodwork of any kind to enter flue in brick chimney, the space between wood- work and smoke pipe must be protected with a double pipe, vented collar or its equivalent. A thimble must be built into the brick work extending to the inside of the flue lining to secure the smoke pipe.


(d) All register boxes shall be set in soapstone or similar borders not less than two inches in width, and said boxes back of such borders shall be surrounded by suitable fireproof ma- terial or an open space of not less than one inch in all directions, and when required by the Inspector of Buildings, the timbers and flooring surrounding the boxes shall be protected by sheet metal.


(e) All chutes and shafts, unless built of brick, must be filled in flush between the wooden studs with fireproof ma- terials, or lined with metal or plastered on metal lathing as may be directed by the Inspector of Buildings, and all wood- work inside of such chutes or shafts shall be lined with tin plate lock-jointed.


(f) Where floor timbers rest on partition caps or on girders, wall girts or wooden sills, the space between such beams, from the caps, girders, girts or sills to a point four inches above the floor, shall be filled solid with brick and mortar or other fire- proof material.


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(g) Where basement or other flights of stairs are enclosed by partitions of brick or wood, the space between the studs of wall furring must be so fire-stopped with brick or mortar as to effectually prevent any fire from passing up between such studs or furring back of the stair stringers.


(h) Between the stringers of all stairs a proper smoke stop shall be constructed.


(i) No pipes for conveying hot air shall be placed nearer than two inches to any woodwork unless protected to the satisfaction of the Inspector of Buildings by suitable guards or casings of incombustible material.


(j) No wooden flue or ducts of any description shall be used for heating or ventilating purposes except that wooden air ducts may be used to convey cold air to heating furnaces. All woodwork of such wooden ducts shall be at least three feet from the outside of the outer shell of the furnace.


(k) A space of at least one inch shall be left between all woodwork, and the chimneys; the spaces around chimneys and pipes where they pass through the floors shall be stopped with metal or other fireproof material, smoke tight, nailed to the floor. Steam pipes shall have metal sleeves and collars one-half inch larger in diameter than the pipe.


(l) All channels and pockets for gas, water and soil pipes shall be made smoke tight at each floor.


(m) In every building used as a habitation, the attic shall be partitioned so that no one open area therein shall exceed 600 square feet.


(n) In every dwelling the attic shall have such means of ventilation as may be required by the Inspector of Buildings.


Sec. 12. Garages.


(a) All garages built beneath or against the superstructure of a dwelling shall be enclosed by fireproof walls and ceilings without openings to the inside of the dwelling, except one door for entrance to cellar. Such door must be equipped with a self-closing device and be metal covered on the garage side. All windows shall have metal frames with wired glass.


(b) No building shall hereafter be constructed as a public garage and no existing building which is not at present used as


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a public garage shall hereafter be altered or used as a public garage, unless the same shall have fireproof walls, concrete floor, and a roof or ceiling of fireproof or semi-fireproof con- struction approved by the Inspector of Buildings.


(c) No public garage shall hereafter be located within or attached to a building occupied for any other purpose unless the portion used as a public garage is separated from the por- tion of the building otherwise occupied by a wall of fireproof construction with no openings therein except such as are equipped with self-closing fire doors, and the walls, floors and ceilings are of fireproof or semi-fireproof construction approved by the Inspector of Buildings.


Chapter 3. Plumbing


Section 1. Wherever the word "Inspector" appears in this Chapter it shall be construed to mean the Inspector of Plumb- ing, if one has been appointed, and if no Inspector of Plumbing has been appointed, it shall be construed to mean the Inspector of Buildings.


Sec. 2. No plumbing work, except repair of leaks, shall be done in any building before a permit is secured.


Sec. 3. Upon written application of the owner of the prop- erty, a regular employee of the owner, a resident of the Town, or a Registered Plumber in the form and with such specifi- cations and drawings of the proposed work as may be re- quired by the Inspector, and payment of the required fee, said Inspector shall grant a written permit to do the plumbing described therein if the proposed work conforms to the pro- visions of law and the By-Laws of the Town.


Sec. 4. The Permit Fee shall be:


(a) For new work, $2.00.


(b) For alterations or addition to existing work:


(1) Costing less than $50, nothing.


(2) Costing $50 or more, $1.00.


Sec. 5. Inspection.


(a) No pipes or other fixtures shall be covered or concealed from view until approved by the Inspector, who shall examine and test the same within two working days after receiving written notice to do so.


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(b) No plumbing shall be approved unless the wastes, vents, back air pipe and traps have, when roughed in, been tested in the presence of the Inspector and approved by him.


Sec. 6. Water Closets.


(a) Every building used for habitation shall have at least one water closet for each family occupying the building.


(b) No water closet shall be installed in any room that is not provided with adequate light and ventilation by a window with an area of at least three square feet opening directly to the external air unless other adequate means of light and ventilation be provided.


(c) Water closets must be supplied with water from a tank above, or by flush valves, which in turn are supplied by a tank or other adequate supply capable of delivering five gallons of water to the closet in ten seconds. The flush pipe must be at least 12 inches in diameter.


Sec. 7. Drainage System.


(a) The plumbing of each building shall be connected with a septic tank or cesspool, the location or construction of which must be approved by the Inspector. If a cesspool is used it shall have a top of stone, reinforced concrete or arched brick, with suitable iron rim and cover, and be located at least 20 feet from any cellar wall.


(b) The soil pipe and drainage pipe of every building shall be extra heavy cast iron and of sufficient size to receive, and allow freely to pass, all that should enter the same.


(c) All drainage pipes shall have a pitch of not less than } inch per foot; shall extend from the cesspool or septic tank to a point not less than two feet above the roof and one foot above any window or opening within ten feet. Connections and changes in direction shall be made with long angle and long sweep bends or Y branches, and shall have suitable cleanouts.


(d) Soil and waste pipes shall not have less than the follow- ing diameters:


Minimum branch waste 12 inches


Branch waste for urinals 1} inches


Branch waste for sinks 12 inches


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Branch waste for wash trays 12 inches


Main waste. 2 inches


Soil Pipe


4 inches


(e) All joints in iron pipes, soil or vent pipes shall be caulked gas and water tight, with oakum and molten lead or similar material approved by the Inspector. Joints of lead pipe with iron pipe shall be made by soldering the same into brass ferrules by means of a full-sized wiped joint and caulking the ferrules to cast iron pipes or screwing them in wrought iron pipes. Wrought iron pipe must be galvanized and of standard weight and shall be used only above ground. When used for waste or drip it shall have galvanized recessed drainage fittings. When used for vents ordinary galvanized fittings may be used.


Brass pipe for soil, waste and vent. pipe shall be annealed, seamless drawn tubing of not less than No. 13 Stubbs gauge.


Brass fittings used for waste or drip shall be recessed, but ordinary fittings may be used on vents.


(f) Brass and galvanized iron pipe and fittings shall be con- nected together by sharp tapered threads with red lead or graphite. No slip joints, unions or flanges shall be used on threaded wastes or vents except that slip joints may be used on house side of traps to connect fixtures.


Copper pipe and fittings known as "Mueller Stream Line" may be used if approved by the Inspector.


Lead pipe shall be of the following diameters and weights:


1} ins. - 2} lbs. per ft. 5 ft. maximum length 1} ins. - 3 lbs. per ft. 5 ft. maximum length


2 ins. - 4 lbs. per ft. 5 ft. maximum length


3 ins. - 6 lbs. per ft. 3 ft. maximum length


4 ins. - 8 lbs. per ft. 2 ft. maximum length


Lead bends and traps shall correspond to the above weights.


(g) Brass sleeves for connecting lead and cast iron pipes shall be extra heavy, at least 2 inch thick and made of cast red metal. Brass solder nipples for connecting lead and threaded pipes shall be either cast red metal or seamless drawn tubing, size and weight corresponding with the pipe to be connected. In connecting lead pipes together or brass caulking or soldering


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nipples, full-size wiped joints shall be used. Cleanouts, plugs, stoppers or any other fittings used in drainage system shall correspond in weight and material with above description.


(h) Drain, soil, waste and vent pipes shall be supported every five feet on horizontal runs by supports or by overhead iron hangers and at least once to every story on vertical lines by pipe rests at floor or clamps, drive-hooks or hangers to walls.


(i) The waste pipe of every independent fixture shall be furnished with a separate trap which shall be placed as near as practicable to the fixture which it serves.


(j) Every fixture connected with the drainage system shall be equipped with separate trap except when two sinks or two basins or a sink and four or less wash trays adjoin one trap shall be sufficient. All fixture traps shall be protected from syphon- age or air pressure by special vent pipes having a diameter not less than that of the waste pipe and connected with the waste pipe at a point not lower than the seal of the trap. Vent pipes from water closets shall be of not less than 2 inches in diameter.


(k) No drip or overflow pipes from safes under water closets, urinals or other fixtures, no overflow pipes from tanks or cisterns, no waste pipes from refrigerators or other recep- tacles for storage of food, no rain water conductors, no steam exhaust or steam waste pipes shall be connected with any soil pipe.


(l) None of the provisions of the foregoing sections shall apply to the drainage system of barns or stables, except those provisions which tend to make such system conform to plans approved by the Board of Health or to orders issued by it.


Sec. 8. Ranges and Boilers.


(a) Permits must be obtained from the Inspector by a registered Plumber for the installation or replacement of domestic hot water heater boilers, or connections from boiler to heating unit.


(b) Every closed tank or boiler hereafter installed, which is to be used for storage and supply of hot water shall, unless supplied directly from an open tank in the building, have an approved relief vacuum and temperature valve. No iron pipe shall be used between boiler and heating unit.


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Sec. 9. Special Traps.


Every building from which grease may be discharged in such quantities as to clog or injure the drain or sewer, or in which gasoline or other inflammable compounds are used, shall be provided with a special trap satisfactory to the Inspector.


Chapter 4. Electric Wiring


Section 1. Wherever the word Inspector appears in this Chapter it shall be construed to mean the Inspector of Wiring, if appointed, and if no Inspector of Wiring has been appointed, it shall be construed to mean the Inspector of Buildings.


Sec. 2. An application for a permit to install, materially alter or remove electric wiring in any building shall, before any such work is done upon the premises, be filed with the Inspector by the owner of the property, a regular employee of the owner, a resident of the Town or a duly licensed elec- trician, together with such plans and specifications as the Inspector may require, and the required fee.


Sec. 3. Minor ordinary repairs of wiring or fixtures and the addition of not more than four outlets to existing systems shall not be deemed material alterations and may be done without a permit.


Sec. 4. The Permit Fee shall be:


. (a) For new work, $2.00.


(b) For alterations or additions to existing work:


(1) Costing less than $25, nothing.


(2) Costing $25 to $100, 50 cents.


(3) Costing $100 or more, $1.00.


Sec. 5. All electric wiring shall hereafter be done in accord- ance with the rules in the latest edition of the "National Electrical Code" and the By-laws of the Town, and must be approved by the Inspector.


Sec. 6. Service conduit or cable must extend to the point of attachment of overhead wires on all buildings and on dwell- ings at least to the top of second story windows.


Sec. 7. No service wires shall be located on a building so that they may be reached from a window, piazza or any other occupied portion of a building.


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Sec. 8. Service wires should not be attached to a building in a way that will interfere with raising of ladders by fire department.


Sec. 9. Every lighting service must be grounded to Town water supply if available, and if not, in some other approved manner.


Sec. 10. Service ground wire shall be identified, and run in conduit to the street side of water shut-off.


Sec. 11. Parkway cable, trenchlay cable, or lead-covered wires in conduit shall be used for underground conductors.


Sec. 12. At no time shall service ground wire or conduit be left unbonded from water pipe.


Sec. 13. All convenience outlets in kitchens and laundries shall be on circuits separate from the rest of the house, and from the lights, and shall be of sufficient capacity to care for the normal use contemplated.


Sec. 14. The ends of all armoured cable must have suit- able bushings.


Sec. 15. Armoured cable connectors must be of the squeeze type.


Sec. 16. Junction boxes and fittings for armoured cable conduit or tubing must be accessible.


Sec. 17. Bathroom lights must be controlled by a wall switch which must not be within reach of any plumbing fixture.


Sec. 18. Bell transformers must be protected by a 3 amp. fuse.


Sec. 19. All fuse cutouts must be enclosed in a metal box.


Sec. 20. All fixtures must be wired with the grounded wire connected to the shell of the socket.


Sec. 21. All light sockets in cellars or basement must be of porcelain or bakelite.


Sec. 22. No lighting fixtures in kitchen or laundry shall be connected to any heating appliance circuit.


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Sec. 23. All outside lights exposed to weather must be controlled by a wall switch.


Sec. 24. All motors of } h. p. or more shall be wired on independent circuits.


Sec. 25. All motors over } h. p. shall be controlled by an externally operated safety switch.


Sec. 26. The frames of all motors shall be grounded.


Sec. 27. Refrigerator motors less than } h. p. may be used on a branch circuit having not more than eight sockets.


Sec. 28. Conductors for motors shall be of ample size to take care of starting current.


Sec. 29. Oil burners controlled and operated by electricity must be on an independent circuit.


Sec. 30. Each oil burner installation must have a safety switch at the top of the cellar stairs.


Sec. 31. All power and light wiring in public garages, filling stations, and gasoline pumps must be done according to "hazardous location" rules of "National Electric Code."


Sec. 32. In garages and damp places no drop cords shall end within six feet of uninsulated floors and the sockets shall be porcelain or bakelite.


Sec. 33. Chain insulators must be used on all pull sockets which are within reach of grounded fixtures, such as sink, wash bowls, radiators, etc., and all such sockets shall be of porcelain or bakelite.


Sec. 34. All joints must be securely soldered and taped with rubber and friction tape, or by other approved connectors.


Sec. 35. Not more than twelve sixty watt bulbs and four convenience outlets shall be placed or used on one circuit.


A true copy attest :


WILLIAM H. DAVIS, Town Clerk.


Approved by the Attorney General, December 1, 1936.


Posted as required by law, January 15, 1937.


ANNUAL REPORT


OF THE


SCHOOL COMMITTEE


OF THE


TOWN OF LINCOLN


FOR THE


SCHOOL YEAR 1936


INCOLN.


NEWTON GARDEN CITY PRESS, INC.


1937


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TOWN OF LINCOLN


SCHOOL COMMITTEE


ROLAND C. MACKENZIE, M.D., Chairman Term expires 1938


GLADYS DEYONGH HERMAN


Term expires 1939 .


JAMES DENORMANDIE


Term expires 1937


Superintendent of Schools CARL F. HOLLORAN


Teachers Junior High School FREDERICK E. SHIPP FLORENCE E. WHEELER BETTINA KING


Grades 4, 5, and 6 THELMA GODDARD MAY V. NEILSON' ISABELLE McBREEN


Grade 3 ELIZABETH S. E. COX


Grade 2 VILLETTE POWERS


Grade 1 JOSEPHINE C. DOHERTY


Teacher of French RUTH W. BELKNAP


Supervisor of Music WILLIAM H. TAUNTON


Supervisor of Manual Training . E. W. BURCKES


School Physician HENRY A. WOOD, M.D.


School Nurse MARION OBER, R.N.


137


REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE


Janitors WILLIAM HARRINGTON, Center School PATRICK LENNON, South School


Attendance Officer J. J. KELLIHER


SCHOOL CALENDAR FOR 1937


Term begins - January 4


Term ends - February 19


7 weeks - 35 days


Term begins - March 1


Term ends - April 16 7 weeks - 35 days


Term begins - April 26


Term ends - June 11 7 weeks - 34 days


Holiday - Memorial Day, Monday, May 31


Term begins - September 8


ferm ends - December 17


15 weeks - 70 days


Holidays - Columbus Day, Tuesday, Oct. 12 Teachers' Convention, Friday, Oct. 22 Armistice Day, Thursday, Nov. 11 Thanksgiving Recess, Nov. 25-26


Totals


.36 weeks - 174 days


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TOWN OF LINCOLN


REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE


With satisfaction the School Committee can report to the Town that the year 1936 has been one of progress - a progress not characterized by unusual attainments but rather by closer integration of the work of the different departments through an analytical study of methods, the resources avail- able, and the results obtained. Though the resignations of four of our experienced and faithful teachers were setbacks that threatened serious breaks in the smooth operation of the school system, their successors have so adapted themselves to the situation that none have occurred. The desired even progress of the educational system has continued.


Financially speaking the year has been a success, it having been possible to return $1,090.44 of the amount appropriated unexpended. All bills and claims for the year are paid. The reader is referred to tables at the end of this report for in- teresting school expense data.


Due to an aroused interest in schools and also because of a desire on the part of numerous newer residents to know more about the schools, this Annual Report seems the proper place for a brief description. At the risk of repetition of much that is familiar to older residents it seems desirable to present for the benefit of our newer friends some of the hap- penings of the past. Only thus may they get a proper per- spective.


Significantly it will be just one hundred years ago this coming July that a relatively unknown lawyer of Boston, one Horace Mann, accepted the Secretaryship of the newly formed Massachusetts Board of Education. His service in awakening the public to the importance of general school education in the whole northern part of the United States was such that today he is hailed in memory as the "Father of the Public School." This centennial anniversary is a proper time for each community to rededicate its interest in the purposes of the public school and to initiate plans for their continuance in the future.


The growing conception of the purpose of the public school seems to be that of an institution to provide an education


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REPORT OF SCHOOL COMMITTEE


for the mass of the people. The necessity for such an institu- tion seems to be predicated on the fundamental theory that true Democracy is founded on a supposition that the com- bined judgment of a people is sufficiently sound to direct a nation's destiny. Hence, it most emphatically must be - that the political and social education of the people, their knowledge of science, technology, and economics, and their self-discipline should always be sufficient to insure an intelli- gent participation in the complexities of their national life.




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