USA > Pennsylvania > Chester County > History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, with genealogical and biographical sketches > Part 123
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52. fuscescens, Steph., 1817 .- The Wilson's Thrush.
53. swainsonii, Cab., 1844 .- The Olive-backed Thrush.
a4. migratarius, Lino., 1766 .- The Robin. Sialia, Swains., 1827.
55. sialis, Linn., 1758 .- The Blue-Bird. Regulus, Cuv., 1799.
56. calendula, Linn., 1766 .- The Ruby-crowned Wren.
57. satrapa .- Licht., 1823 .- The Golden-crested Wren. Sylvicolida .- The Family of the Warblers.
Anthus, Brecht., 1862. 58. ludovicianus, Gm., 1788 .- The Tit Lark. Muiotilta, Vieill, 1816.
59. varia, Linn., 1766 .- The Black and White Creeper. Parula, Ben., 1838. +
60. americana, Linn., 1758 .- The Blue Yellew-backed Warbler. Protenotaria, Baird, 1858.
61. citrea, Bodd., 1783 .- The Protbonatoy Warbler. Geothlypis, Cab., 1847.
62. trichas, Linn., 1766 .- The Maryland Yellow-throat.
63. philadelphia, Wils., 1810 .- The Mourning Warbler. Oporornis, Baird, 1858.
64. agilis, Wils., 1812 .- The Connecticut Warbler.
65. tephrocotis, Nutt., 1834 .- The Michener's Warbler.t
66. formosis, Wils., 1811 .- The Kentucky Warbler. Icteria, Vieill, 1790.
67. viridis, Gm., 1788 .- The Yellow-breasted Chat. Helmiotherus, Raf., 1819.
68. vermivorus, Gm., 1788 .- The Worm-eating Warbler. Helminthophaga, Cab., 1850.
69. pinus, Linn., 1766 .- The Blue-winged Yellow Warbler.
70. chrysoptera, Linn., 1766 .- The Golden-winged Warbler.
71. ruficapilla, Wils., 1811 .- The Nashville Warbler.
72. peregrina, Wils., 1811 .- The Tennessee Warbler. Seiurus, Swainson, 1827.
73. aurocapillus, Lion., 1766 .- The Golden-crowned Thrush.
74. novæboracensis, Gm., 1788 .- The Water Thrush.
75. ludovicianus, Aud., 1832 .- The Large-billed Water Thrush. Dendroica, Gray, 1841.
76. virens, Gm., 1788 .- The Black-throated Green Warbler. 77. tawnsendii, Nutt., 1837 .- The Townsend's Warbler .? 78. canadensis, Linn., 1766 .- The Black-throated Blue Warbler. 79. coronata, Linn., 1766 .- The Yellow-rumped Warbler. 80. blackburnia, Gm., 1788 .- The Blackburnian Warbler. 81. castanea, Wils., 1810 .- The Bay-breasted Warbler. 82. pinus, Wils., 1811 .- The Pine Creeping Warbler. 83. pennsylvanica, Linn., 1766 .- The Chestnut-sided Warbler. 84. cærulea, Wils., 1810 .- The Blue Warbler.
85. striata, Forster, 1772 .- The Black-poll Warbler.
86. æstiva, Gm., 1788 .- The Yellow Warbler.
87. maculosa, Gm., 1788 .- The Black and Yellow Warbler.
# At the time I procured this bird the specimen was unique, and Nuttall ventured te designate it new; but as others have since been found, and always in the autumn, it is probable that they present the autumnal dress of the young (?) O. agilis .- E. M.
¿ This rare and beautiful bird was obtained by my friend, the late John K. Townsend, on the banks of the Columbia River in 1835. It is singular that a similar bird should have been obtained in this eounty in 1868. "Mr. C. D. Woed, of Philadelphia, killed, near Coatesville, a male of this spceies."-(B. Harry Warren.) Such rare and distinguished visitors deserve respectful notice in the history of our county.
" Sp. Ch .- Above bright olive-green ; the feathers all black in the ecutre, showing more or less as streaks, especially on the crown. Quills, tail, aod upper tail-covert feathers dark brown, cdged with bluish gray. The wings with two white bands on the coverts. The two outer tail feathers white, with a brown streak near the end; a white streak only in the third feather. Under parts, as far as the middle of the body, with the sides of the head and neck, including a superciliary stripe, and spot beneath the eye, yellow. The median portion of the side of the head, the chin, and throat, with streaks en side of the breast, flanks, and under tail-coverts, black. The remain- der of the under parts white. Length, a inches ; wings, 2.65 ; tail,; 2.25."-(S. F. Baird, Sec. Sm. Institution.)
443
THE BIRDS OF CHESTER COUNTY.
88. tigrina, Gm., 1788 .- The Cape May Warbler.
89. palmarum, Gm., 1788 .- The Yellow Red-poll Warbler.
90. superciliosa, Bodd., 1783 .- The Yellow-throated Warbler.
91. discolor, Vieill, 1807 .- The Prairie Warbler. Myiodioctes,. Aud., 1839.
92. mitratus, Gm., 1788 .- The Hooded Warbler.
93. pusillus, Wils., 1811 .- The Green Black-oapped Warbler.
94. canadensis, Linn., 1766 .- The Canada Fly-catcher. Setophaga, Cab., 1847.
95. ruticilla, Linn., 1766 .- The American Red-start. Pyranga, Vieill, 1807. 96. rubra, Linn., 1766 .- Tbe Scarlet Tanager.
97. æstiva, Gm., 1766 .- The Summer Red Bird.
Hirundinida .- The Family of the Swallows.
Hirundo, Linn., 1735.
98. horreorum, Barton, 1799 .- Tbe Barn Swallow.
99. lunifrons, Say, 1823 .- The Cliff Swallow.
100. bicolor, Vieill, 1807 .- The White-bellied Swallow. Cotyle, Boie, 1822. 101. riparia, Linn., 1766 .- The Bank Swallow.
102. serripennia, Aud., 1838 .- The Rough-winged Swallow. Progne, Bon., 1826.
103. purpurea, Linn., 1736 .- The Purple Martin. Bombycillida .- The Family of the Wax-wings. Ampelis, Linn., 1735. 104. cedrorum, Vieill, 1807 .- The Cedar Bird.
Laniida .- The Family of the Shrikes. Collyria, Moehr, 1752.
105. borealis, Vieill, 1807 .- The Butcher Bird. Virio, Vieill, 1807.
106. olivaceus, Linn., 1766 .- The Red-eyed Virio.
107. gilvus, Vieill, 1807 .- The Warbling Virio.
108. novæboracensis, Gm., 1788 .- The White-eyed Virio.
109. solitarius, Wils., 1810 .- The Blue-headed Virio.
110. flavifrons, Vieill, 1807 .- The Yellow-throated Virio.
Liotrichidæ .- The Family of the Mocking Birds. Mimus, Boie, 1826.
111. polyglottis, Linn., 1766 .- The Mocking Bird.
112. carolinensis, Linn., 1766 .- The Cat Bird. Harporhynchus, Cab., 1848.
113. rufus, Linn., 1766 .- The Brown Thrush.
Troglodytida .- The Family of the Wrens. Thryothorus, Vieill, 1816.
114. ludovicianus, Lath., 1790 .- The Great Carolina Wren.
115. bewickii, Aud., 1831 .- The Bewick's Wren. Cistothorns, Cab., 1850.
116. palustris, Wils., 1810 .- The Long-billed Marsh Wren.
117. stellaris, Licht., 1823 .- The Short-billed Marsh Wren. Troglodytes, Vieill, 1807.
118. ædon, Vieill, 1807 .- The House Wren.
119. hyemalis, Vieill, 1808 .- The Winter Wren.
Certhiadæ .- The Family of the Creepers. Certhia, Linn., 1735.
120. americana, Boa., 1838 .- The American Creeper. Sitta, Linn.
121. canadensis, Lina., 1766 .- The Red-bellied Nuthatch. 122. carolinensis, Lath., 1790 .- The White-bellied Nuthatch.
Parida .- The Family of the Titmouse.
Polioptila, Sclater, 1855.
123. cærulea, Linn., 1766 .- The Blue-gray Fly-catcher. Lophophanes, Kaup., 1829.
124. bicolor, Linn., 1766 .- The Tufted Titmouse. Parus, Linn., 1735.
: 125. atricapillus, Linn., 1766 .- The Black-cap Titmouse.
126. carolinensis, Aud., 1834 .- The Carolina Titmouse. Eremophila, Boie, 1828. F
127. cornuta, Wils., 1808 .- The Sky-lark. Fringillida .- The Family of the Sparrows. Pinicola, Vieill, 1807.
128. canadensis, Brisa, 1760 .- The Pine Grosbeak. Carpodacus, Kaup., 1839.
129. purpureus, Gm., 1718 .- The Purple Fiach. Chrysomitria, Boie, 1828. 130. tristis, Liun., 1766 .- The Yellow Bird. 131. pinus, Wils., 1810 .- The Pine Finch.
Curvirostra, Scopoli, 1777.
132. americana, Wils., 1811 .- The Red Cross-bill. Ægiothus, Cab., 1850.
133, linarius, Lian., 1766 .- The Lesser Red-poll. Plectrophanes, Moyer, 1810.
134. nivalis, Linn., 1766 .- The Snow Bunting.
135. lapponicue, Linn., 1761 .- The Lapland Long-spur. Passeroulus, Bon., 1833.
136. savanna, Wils., 1811 .- The Savanna Sparrow. Poocætes, Baird, 1858.
137. gramincus, Gm., 1788 .- The Bay-winged Sparrow. Coturnieulus, Bon., 1838.
138. passerinns, Wils., 1811 .- The Yellow-winged Sparrow.
139. henslowii, Aud., 1831 .- Henslow's Sparrow. Zonotrichia, Swainson, 1831.
140. leucophrya, Forster, 1772 .- White-crowned Sparrow. 141. albicollis, Gin., 1788 .- The White-throated Sparrow. Junco, Wagler, 1831.
142. hyemalis, Linn., 1758 .- The Snow Bird. Spizella, Bon., 1838. 143. monticola, Gm., 1738 .- The Tree Sparrow.
144. pusilla, Wils., 1810 .- The Field Sparrow.#
145. socialis, Wils. The House, or Chipping Sparrow. Melospiza, Baird, 1858.
146. melodia, Wils., 1810 .- The Song Sparrow.
147. lincolnii, Aud., 1834 .- The Lincoln's Sparrow.
148. palustris, Wils., 1811 .- The Swamp Sparrow. Passer, Gesn. (?).
149. domesticus, Linu., 1746 .- The English Sparrow.t Passerella, Swainson, 1837.
150. iliaca, Merrem, 1786 .- The Fox-colored Sparrow. Euspiza, Bon., 1838. 151. americana, Gm., 1788 .- Black-throated Sparrow.
152. townsendii,. Aud., 1838 .- Townsend's Sparrow.} Guiraca, Swainson, 1827.
153. ludoviciana, Linn., 1766 .- The Rose-breasted Grosbeak. 154. cærulea, Linn., 1766 .- The Blue Grosbeak:
# When walking in a pasture one morning I found one of these birds, unable to fly. When caught, I discovered that during the night a spider had surreptitiously applied its web around over the tail- coverte and tips of the wings. It had extricated one wing, but the other was fast tied down. An examination under a good lens showed conclusively that the cord had been intentionally and industriously ap- plied, forming a strong band, consisting of scores of plies skillfully laid on. I can vouch for the fact, but do not perceive the motive .- E. M.
+ This naturalized foreigner has proved himself extremely pugna- cious, omnivorous, and a notorious gormandizer. An old writer re- marks that he feeds on seeds, fruits, and insects, and, from his bold and familiar habits, is mostly found in the most populous places. Perhaps his, better qualitics may yet be discovered. He is a power whenever he has the will .- E. M.
# This unique bird was obtained by my excellent friend, whose name it bears, in a cedar grove near my dwelling, while assisting me in collecting birds, in the spring of 1833. We at once pronounced it new. Audubon did the same, and named and published it in both of his large works.
" This curious bird has long been a puzzle to ornithologists in the uncertainty whether it is only a variety of E. americana or a distinct species. Thus far (now more than forty years) but one specimen is known, kindly presented to the Smithsonian Institution by Dr. Michener. I do not feel able to decide the question of its true rela- tionship to the E. americana."-(S. F. Baird.) While this uncer- tainty remains it seems proper that Chester County should preserve a record of its history as a guide to future observers.
" Sp. Ch .- Male. Upper parts of head and neck all round, sides of body, and forepart of breast slate-blue. The back and upper surface of wings tinged with yellowish-brown ; the interscapular region streaked with black ; a superciliary and maxillary line, chin and throat, and central line of under parts, from the breast to crissum, white. The edge of the wing and a gloss on the breast and middle of the belly yellow. A black-spotted line from the lower corner of the lower man- dible down the side of the throat, connecting with streaks in the upper edge of the slate portion of the breast. Length, 5.95; wing, 2.86; tail, 2.56. Hab., Chester County."-(S. F. Baird.)
444
HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
Cyanospiza, Baird, 1858. 155. cyanea, Linn., 1766 .- The Indigo Bird. Cardinalis, Bon., 1831.
. 156. virginianus, Briss, 1760 .- The Cardinal Grosbeak. Pipilo, Vieill, 1816, 157. erythrophthalmus, Linn., 1766 .- The Ground Robin. Icteride .- The Family of the Orioles. Delichonyx, Swains., 1827.
158. oryzivora, Lion., 1766 .- The Reed- or Rice-Bird. Melothrus, Swainsen, 1831. 159. pecoris, Gm., 1788 .- The Cow Blackbird. Agelaius, Vieill, 1816.
160. phoniceus, Linn., 1766 .- The Swamp Blackbird. Sturnella, Vieill, 1816.
161. magna, Lina., 1758 .- The Meadow-Lark. Icterns, Daudin, 1800.
162. spurins, Linn., 1766 .- The Orchard Oriole. 163. baltimore, Lina., 1766 .- The Baltimore Oriole. Scolecophagus, Swainson, 1831.
164. ferrugineus, Gm., 1790 .- The Rusty Blackbird. Quiscalus, Vieill, 1816. 165. versicolor, Linn., 1766 .- The Crow Blackbird. Corvida .- The Family of the Crows. Cervus, Lina., 1735.
166. carnivorus, Bartram, 1793 .- The American Raven: 167. americanus, And., 1834 .- The American Crow.
168. ossifrague, Wils., 1812 .- The Fish Crew. Cyanura, Swainson, 1831. 169. cristata, Linn., 1758 .- The Blue Jay.
Columbida .- The Family of the Pigeons, etc. Ectopistes, Swainson, 1837.
170. migratorius, Linn., 1766 .- The Wild Pigeon. Tenaidura, Boa., 1854. 171. carolinensis, Lina., 1766 .- The Turtle Dove. Phasianida .- The Family of the Turkeys. Meleagris, Linn., 1735. 172. gallopava, Linn., 1766 .- The Wild Turkey. Tetronide.
Cupidonia, Reich., 1850.
173. cupido, Linn., 1766 .- The Prairie-Hen. Bonassa, Stephens, 1819. 174. umbellus, Linn., 1766 .- The Pheasant.
Perdicida .- The Family of the Partridges. Ortyx, Stephens, 1819. 175. virginianus, Lina., 1766 .- The Partridge.
Gruida .- The Family of the Cranes. Grus, Lion., 1735. 176. canadensis, Lian., 1766 .- The Sand-hill Crane.# Ardeide .- The Family of the Herons. Garzetta, Bon., 1855. 177. candidissima, Jacquin, 1784 .- The Soowy Heroa. Herodias, Beie, 1822. 178. egretta, Gm., 1788 .- The White Hereo. Ardea, Lina., 1735. 179. herodias, Lian., 1766 .- The Great Blue Heron. Ardetta, Gray, 1842.
180. exilis, Gm., 1788 .- The Least Bittern. Botaurus, Stephens, 1819.
181. lentiginosus, Moat., 1813 .- The Bittern. Butorides, Blyth, 1849. 182. virescens, Lina., 1766 .- The Green Heron. Nyctiardea, Swainson, 1837.
183. gardeni, Gm., 1788 .- The Night Heroo.t
* Seme forty years ago a fleck of four or five of these birds was found along the White Clay Creek, near this place, one of whom was shot and presented te me. It since passed into the collection of Swarthmore College. His consin, the G. americanus, or whoeping crane, was formerly found, according to Wilson, on the marshes of New Jersey, and may also have been a transient visitor in Chester County. The trachea in these birds traverses the whole length ef the sternum, as in the swans.
t An incident may illustrate the habits of the night heron, and per- haps of the whole family. A night heron had been noticed for several days sitting on a tree near a branch of White Clay Creek. It was at
Charadride .- The Family of the Plovers. Charadrins, Linn., 1735. 184. virginicus, Bockhausen, 1823 .- The Golden Plover. Ægialitus, Boie, 1822. 185. vociferus, Linn., 1766 .- The Killdeer Plever. Squatarola, Cuv., 1817.
186. helvetica, Lian., 1766 .- The Black-bellied Plover. Phalaropodida .- The Family of the Phalaropes. Phalarepus, Vieill. 187. hyperboreus, Linn., 1766 .- The Northern Phalarope. Scolopacida .- The Family of the Snipes. Philohela, Gray, 1841. 188. minor, Gm., 1788 .- The American Woodcock. Gallinago, Leach, 1816.
189. wilsonii, Temm., 1824 .- The Wilson's Snipe. Macrorhamphus, Leach, 1816.
190. griseus, Gm., 1788 .- The Red-breasted Snipe. Tringa, Linn., 1735. 191. alphina, var. Lian., 1766 .- The Red-backed Sandpiper.
192. maculata, Vieill, 1819 .- The Jack Snipe.
193. wilsonii, Nutt., 1834 .- The Least Sandpiper. Gambetta, Kaup., 1829.
194. melanoleuca, Gm., 1788 .- The Tell-tale Sandpiper.
195. flavipes, Gm., 1788 .- The Yellow-shanks Sandpiper. Rhyacophilus, Kaup., 1829.
196. solitarius, Wils., 1813 .- The Solitary Sandpiper. Tringoides, Bea., 1831.
197. macularius, Lina., 1766 .- The Spotted Sandpiper. Actiturns, Bon., 1831.
198. bartramius, Wils., 1813 .- The Bartram Sandpiper. Numenins, Lino., 1746.
199. longirostris, Wils., 1814 .- The Long-billed Curlew.
Rallide .- The Family of the Rails. Rallus, Lion., 1766.
200. virginianus, Lina., 1766 .- The Virginia Rail. Porzana, Vieill, 1816.
201. carolina, Lina., 1766 .- The Common Rail.
202. novæboracensis, Gm., 1788 .- The Yellow Rail. Fulica, Lina., 1735.
203. americana, Gm., 1788 .- The Coot. Gallioula, Brisson, 1760.
204. galeata, Licht., 1823 .- The Florida Gallinule.
Anatide .- The Family of the Geese, Cygans, Linn., 1735. 205. americanus, Sharpless, 1830 .- The American Swan. Bernicla, Linn. (1735 ?).
206. canadensis, Linn., 1766 .- The Canada Goose. Anas, Lina., 1735. 207. boschas, Lina., 1766 .- The Mallard Duck.
208. obscura, Gm., 1788 .- The Black Duck. Dafila, Leach, 1824.
209. acuta, Linn., 1766 .- The Sprig-tail Duck. Nettion, Kanp., 1829.
210. carolinensis, Gm., 1788 .- The Green-winged Teal. Spatula, Boie, 1822.
211. clypeata, Liaa., 1766 .- The Spoon-bill Duck. Mareca, Stephens, 1821.
212. americana, Gm., 1788 .- The Bald-pate Duck. Aix, Boie, 1828.
length shot and brought to me, with the tail of a large fish projecting four inches beyond its bill. On removing the fish (a sucker, Cato- stomus, which must have been twelve inches long), its head and shoul- ders-except the bony portiens-were eaten away by the gastrio liquor of the stomach. Thie case affords evidence of the facts :
1. Of the great strength and dexterity of the bird to capture so large a fish.
2. Of the instinctive sagacity to swallow the fish head foremost.
3. Of the great length of time required to digest so large an object as it slowly entered the stomach.
4. Of the stolid endurance of the bird under circumstances appa- rently so uncomfortable.
If the process had been completed, no doubt the debris-the bones and scales-would have been ejected, as we see the pellets of hair and bones ejected by the screech-owl.
RESIDENCE OF LEVIS B. PENNOCK, WEST MARLBOROUGH.
1
عم
445
REPTILIA.
213. sponsa, Linn., 1766 .- The Summer Duok.# Fulix, Sandevall, 1835.
214. marila, Linn., 1766 .- The Blaok-headed Duck.
215. affinis, Eyton, 1838 .- Tha Little Black-headed Duck.
216. collaris, Donovan, 1809 .- The Ring-necked Duek. Aythya, Boie, 1822.
217. americana, Eyton, 1838 .- The Red-headed Duck.
218. valisneria, Wils., 1814 .- The Canvas-baoked Duck. Bucephala, Baird, 1858. 219. americana, Bon., 1838 .- The Golden-eyed Duck.
220. albella, Linn., 1766 .- The Buffle-head Duck. Hareldia, Leach, 1816.
221. glacialis, Linn., 1766 .- The Long-tailed Duck. Erismatura, Bon., 1828.
222. rubida, Wils., 1814 .- The Ruddy Duck. Mergus, Linn., 1735.
223. americana, Cassin, 1853 .- The Sheldrake.
224. senator, Linn., 1766 .- The Red-breasted Merganser.
Procellaride .- The Family of the Petrels.
Thallassidroma, Vigors, 1825.
225. leachii, Temm., 1820 .- Leach's Petrel (Warren). Puffinus, Briss., 1760. 226. major, Faber, 1822 .- The Greater Shearwater (Michener).t Laride .- The Family of the Gulls. Chroicocephalus, Eyton, 1836.
227. philadelphia, Ord., 1815 .- The Buonaparte's Gull.
Sternida .- The Family of the Terns. Sterna, Linn., 1748. 228. fuliginosa, Gm., 1788 .- The Sooty Tern.
Colymbidæ .- The Family of the Grabes. Colymhus, Linn., 1735.
229. torquatus, Brunn, 1764 .- The Loon. Podiceps, Lath., 1790. 230. griseigina, Bodd, 1783 .- Tha Red-nacked Grebe.
231. cornutus, Gm., 1788 .- The Horned Greha. Podilymbns, Lesson, 1831.
232. podiceps, Linn., 1766,-The Pied-billed Grebe.
The whole number of the species of birds has been vari- ously estimated at 6000. It will likely prove much greater. Many and large portions of the earth are yet virgin soil for ornithologists. The United States, with its diversity of climate, is rapidly filling up its complement. Thus :
In 1814, according to Wilson, we had 283 species. In 1838, according to Buonaparte, we had 471 species. In 1844, according to Audubon, we had 516 species.
In 1858, according to Baird, we had 716 species.
The number of species which have been actually found in our county is about 220, leaving at least another score to be sought after .- E. M.
REPTILIA.
In the preparation of this catalogue I have mostly fol- lowed the Bulletin of the United States National Museum, kindly furnished me by a friend, although the general reader might perhaps prefer one more simple and less scientific.
I .- BATRACHIA. 1. Urodela .- The Salamandars.
Amblystomidæ.
Amblystoma, Tschudi. 1. opacum, Gravenhorst .- Tha Blotched Salamander.
2. punctatum, Linn .- The Spotted Salamander. 3. conspersum, Cope.
* So far as I am informed, this is the only wild duck that has daigned to nest and breed in this county. Unlike its kin, it prefers a hollow tree for a nesting-place .- E. M.
" This powerful bird, despite its strength and endurance of wing, was storm-stranded within our borders, and perished during a savere storm of wind, rain, and sleet.
4. tigrinum, Green .- The Tiger Salamander.
5. jeffersonianum, Green .- Jefferson's Salamander. Plethodontidæ.
Plethodon, Tsohud.
6. cinereus, Green .- The Ash-colored Salamander.
7. var. erythronotus, Green .- The Red-backed Salamander.
8. glutinosus, Green .- The Glutinous Salamander. Spelerpes, Raf.
9. bilineatus, Green .- The Two-lined Salamander.
10. longicaudus, Green .- The Long-tailed Salamander.
11. ruber, Daudin .- The Red Salamander. Gyrinophilus, Cope.
12. porphyriticus, Green. Hemidactylium, Tsch.
13. scutatum, Tsch.
Desmognathidæ. Desmognathus, Baird.
14. fuscas, Raf .- The Brown Salamander.
15. nigra, Green .- Tha Black Salamander.
16. haldemani, Holb .- Haldeman's Salamander.
Pleurodelidæ.
Diemyctylus, Raf. 17. viridescens, Raf.
2. Anura .- The Frogs.
Bufonida .- The Family of the Toads. Bufo, Laurenti.
18. lentiginosus, v. Americana, Le Conte .- The American Toad.
Hylida .- The Family of the Trae Frogs. Acris, Dum, and Bib.
19. gryllus, Le Conte .- The Cricket Frog. Chorophilus, Baird.
20. triseriatus, Baird. Hyla.
21. versicolor, Le Conte .- The Tree Frog.
22. pickeringi, Holb .- The " Knee Deep."
Scaphiopide .- The Family of the Spada-foots. Scaphiopus, Holb.
23. holbrookii, Harlan .- The Spade-foot Frog. Ranide .- The Family of the Frogs proper. Rana, Linn.
24. palustris, Le Conta .- The Herring Frog.
25. clamitans, Merrem .- The Green Frog.
26. catesbiana, Shaw .- The Bull Frog.
27. halecina, Kalm .- The Spotted Frog.
28. sylvatica, Le Conte .- The Wood Frog.
II .- OPHIDIA .- The Snakes.
1. Venomous .- The Serpents.
Crotalida .- The Rattlesnake Family. Crotalus, Linn.
29. horridus, Linn .- The Banded Rattlesnake. Ancistrodon, Beauv.
30. contortrix, Linn .-- The Copperhead.
2. Non-venomous .- The Snakes.
Colubride .- The Family of the Snakes. Carphophiops, Garvais.
31. amonus, Say .- The Worm Snake. Diadophis, B. and G.
32. punctatus, Linn .- The Ring Snake. Ophibolus, B. and G. 33. getulus, Linn .- Tha Chain Snake.
34. triangulus, Boie, DeKay .- The House Snake. Cyclophis, Gunther. 35. vernalis, DeKay .- The Green or Grass Snake. Bascanion, B. and G.
36. constrictor, Linn .- The Black Snake. Eutænia, B. and G.
37. saurita, Linn .- The Ribbon Snake.
38. sirtalis, Linn .- The Gartar Snake. Storeria, B. and G.
· 39. occipitomaculata, Storer.
40. dekayi, Holb .- The DeKay's Snake. Tropidonotus, Kuhl. 41. leberis, Linn .- The Yellow-belliad Snake.
446
HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
42. rigidus, Say.
43. sipedon, Linn .- The Water Snake. Heterodon, Beanv.
44. platyrhinus, Latreile .-- The Spotted Viper.
45. niger, Catesby .- The Black Viper.
III .- LACERTILIA .- The Lizards.
Iguanida .- The Family of the Lizards.
Sceloporus, Wiegm.
46. undulatus, Harlan .- The Fence Lizard, Swift.
IV .- TESTUDINATA .- The Tortoises.
Chelydrida .- The Family of the Snappers. Chelydra, Schweig.
47 .- serpentina, Linn .- The Snapper Tortoise. Cinosternidæ.
Aromochelys, Gray.
48. odoratus, Latreile .- The Musk Tortoise. Cioosternum, Wagl.
49. pennsylvanicum, Bosc .- Mud Tortoise. Emydidæ.
Chrysemys, Gray.
50. pieta, Herm .- The Painted Tortoise. Chelopus, Raf.
51. guttatus, Schneider .- The Spotted Tortoise.
52. muhlenbergii, Schweig .- Muhlenberg Tortoise. Cistudo, Fleming.
53. clausa, Gm .- The Box or Land Tortoise.
54. triunguis, Gray .- Three-clawed Tortoise.
The habits of a few of these reptiles are rather montane. They may be sought for in our more northern hilly dis- tricts .- E. M.
FISHES .*
Ahout sixty species of so-called fishes are native to the waters of Chester County. Five additional species have been introduced into streams communicating with those flowing through the county, and may be found more or less abundantly within its limits.
The characters of this fauna will be exhibited by the ac- companying list of species. In general, it may be remarked that it is not a rich one, nor yet a poor one. The streams of the county are tributary to or represent parts of the hydrographic systems of the two rivers Susquehanna and Delaware. As the fish fauna grows poorer towards the east, so the species of the Delaware basin are less numerous than those of the Susquehanna. The latter does not harbor nearly so many species as the Alleghany, while the Dela- ware species are, ou the other hand, rather more numerous than those of the Hudson.
The fish fauna of a country is divided between resident and anadromous species. The anadromous species either go to the sea to breed and ascend for purposes of residence, or they dwell in the sea aud ascend the rivers in order to de- posit their ova. In Chester County the anadromous spe- cies are the following :
Ascending to spawn :
In the spring,- Clupea sapidissima .- Shad. Clupea pseudoharengus .- Alewife.
In the autumn,-
Salmo salar .- Salmon. S. quinnat .- California Salmon.
Ascending after spawning in the sea :
In the spring,- Anguilla rostrata .- Eel.
Other species, resident in fresh water, ascend the smaller streams for the purpose of depositing eggs, chiefly in spring.
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