History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, with genealogical and biographical sketches, Part 63

Author: Futhey, John Smith, 1820-1888; Cope, Gilbert, 1840-1928
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Philadelphia, L. H. Everts
Number of Pages: 1162


USA > Pennsylvania > Chester County > History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, with genealogical and biographical sketches > Part 63


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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The postmasters of West Chester were appointed by the Postmaster-General until 1849, since which time they have been appointed by the President. J. B. Wood was the first Presidential appointment.


RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS.


SOCIETY OF FRIENDS.


THIS sect arose in England about the middle of the seventeenth century, George Fox, their acknowledged founder, having been born in 1624. The name of Quakers was given to them in derision, and they are perhaps as well known by that term to this day as by that of Friends. They even accepted it themselves so far as to style them- selves "the people called Quakers" in all official documents published to the world at large. The early form of marriage certificates contained the expression "the people of God called Quakers," but in 1734 the Yearly Meeting of Pennsylvania and New Jersey agreed "that ye words of God in marriage certificates between People and Called Quakers be left out of that form for the future." In 1806 the expression was changed to the " Religious Soci- ety of Friends."


There have been schisms and divisions in this society as well as in others, the most important of which occurred in 1827, since which one body has been styled "Orthodox" and the other " Hicksite" Friends or Quakers. The last were so called from Elias Hicks, a leading minister among them. Neither body claims the distinctive title applied to it, but simply that of " Friends."


The organization and subordination of the meetings of Friends are as follows :


One or more meetings for worship constitute a Prepara- tive Meeting.


One or more Preparative Meetings constitute a Monthly Meeting.


Several Monthly Meetings constitute a Quarterly Mecting. Several Quarterly Meetings constitute a Yearly Meeting. Meetings of any kind are established as an outgrowth and by the authority of a superior meeting. The Monthly Meetings are the principal executive branch of the society, and keep regular and voluminous minutes of their procecd- ings. To trace the history of the meetings in Chester County it is necessary to go back to the first settlement of the province, and in some cases outside of our present State limits. All our meetings except one belong to Philadel- phia Yearly Meeting, but some others will be mentioned. The following is given as a synopsis of meetings :


PIIILADELPHIA QUARTERLY MEETING, 1682. RADNOR OR HAVERFORD MONTHLY MEETING, 1084.


Haverford, 1683. Radnor, 1686. Valley, 1714.


CHESTER (NOW CONCORD) QUARTERLY MEETING, 1683. CHESTER MONTHLY MEETING, 1G81.


Chester, 1675. Springfield, 1686. Providence, 1696. Middletown, 1686.


DARBY MONTHLY MEETING, 1684. Darby, 1683 (?).


CONCORD MONTHLY MEETING, 1684. Chichester, 1683. Concord, 1685.


.


230


HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.


GOSHEN MONTHLY MEETING, 1722.


1


Goshen, 1702. Newtown, 1696. Willistown, 1784. Whiteland, 1816. Malvern, 1880 (O.).


BIRMINGHAM MONTHLY MEETING, 1815. Birmingham, 1690. West Chester, 1810.


WESTERN QUARTERLY MEETING, 1758.


NEWARK (NOW KENNET) MONTHLY MEETING, 1686.


New Castle, 1684.


Newark, 1686. Kennet, 1707. Wilmington, 1737. Marlborough, 1801. Kennet Square, 1812. Unionville, 1845 (H.).


NEW GARDEN MONTHLY MEETING, 1718.


New Garden, 1712. West Grove, 1787. London Britain, 1834 (O.). Mill Creek, 1838 (H.).


LONDONGROVE MONTHLY MEETING, 1792.


Londongrove, 1714. Fallowfield, 1792.


FALLOWFIELD MONTHLY MEETING, 1811. Fallowfield, 1792. Doe Run, 1805.


PENNSGROVE MONTHLY MEETING, 1842.


Pennsgrove, 1820. Oxford, 1879 (H.). Homeville, 1839 (H.).


CENTRE MONTHLY MEETING, 1808. Centre, 1687. Hockessin, 1730.


CALN QUARTERLY MEETING, 1800. BRADFORD MONTIILY MEETING, 1737. Bradford, 1719. Caln, 1716. West Caln, 1756. Romansville, 1846 (H.).


SADSBURY MONTHLY MEETING, 1738.


Sadsbury, 1723. E. Sadsbury, 1810. Lampeter, 1732.


UWCIILAN MONTHLY MEETING, 1703. Uwehlan, 1712. Nantureal, 1739. Pikeland, 1758. Downingtown, 1784.


BALTIMORE YEARLY MEETING.


NOTTINGHAM QUARTERLY MEETING, 1819. NOTTINGHAM MONTHLY MEETING, 1730.


E. Nottingham, 1705. W. Nottingham, 1719. Elk, 1825.


PHILADELPHIA YEARLY MEETING,


as it is now styled, was established in 1681. It was formerly the " Yearly Meeting for Pennsylvania and New Jersey," and was held alternately at Burlington and Phila- delphia until 1760.


CHESTER MEETING.


Robert Wade settled at Upland in 1675, and in that year William Edmundson, a traveling minister, held a


meeting there. A meeting was probably held regularly after 1677, by which time several other Friends had ar- rived in the neighborhood.


As the early history of our county is closely connected with the history of this meeting, some further notes will be given from the records.


CHESTER MONTHLY MEETING.


A session of Burlington Monthly Meeting was " held at Upland, in the house of Robert Wade, the 15th of the 9th month, 1681," but the first meeting of the kind, held by Friends of the Western Shore alone, is set forth in the fol- lowing minutes :


"the 10 day of ye 11 month, 1681.


" A monthly meeting of frends belonging to marcus hooke & vpland held thea at Robert Wad's house."


" the 14 day of ye 12 month, 1681.


" A monthly meeting heeld by frends at mareus bookc."


No other meeting mentioned until


" the 9th day of ye 3d mo. 1682.


" A monthly meeting held then by freends belonging to marcus hooke & vpland at Rohert Wad's house."


No business appears to have been transacted up to this time. The next date is


" the 3 day of ye 6th month 1682.


" A monthly meeting held then by frends belonging to marens hooke alis Chechester & vpland and ye adioyning Inhabetante, at Robert Wad's house.


" At this meeting William Clayton juoer and elezebeth bezor, both living at Chechester have deelared their Intentions of marriage : & its ordered by the meeting that morgan druet & Robert Wade doe make enquircy conserning them & give it in to ye next monthly meeting."


" At the monthly meeting at vpland the 11th 7 mo. 1682.


" Large paper booke, unruled, being fitt for the servise of monthly and quarterly meetings is to he proeured against the next monthly meeting, & Robt. Wade is desired to get the said hooke."


It was then agreed and ordered for . . .


" The monthly meetings for men & women to be the first second day of the week in every month at Robt. Wade's house.


" Wm. Clayton & Elizabeth Bezor did again present their former inteations of marriage, but friends findeing that her parents were absent and had not their consent for such proceedings, nor certificate of her clearness from other men, did advise these parties to waite further untill all things be cleared according to the practise of friends and good order of truth."


The following are the headings of the monthly minutes succeeding the above :


"At the men's meeting at Upland the : 2: day of the 8 : month : 82." " At the men's meeting at Vpland the 6th of 9 mo. 82." " At our men and women's meeting at Chester the : 1: of: 11 month : 82."


These entries are from the original minutes, and not from the inaccurate copy made by Thomas Chalkley about the year 1711, in which he gave the word Chester instead of Upland, besides many other changes .*


At the first Quarterly Meeting held at Chester, 12th month 4, 1683-4, it was again "ordered yt Chester Monethly meateing be held on ye first second Day of Eaverey Moneth." In 1695 the time was changed to one week earlier.


# The old hook appears to boar this inscription, though very dim with age: "The Register Booke belonging to Marous hook and Up- land Meeting, yº 3d of je 6 month 1681."


231


SOCIETY OF FRIENDS.


The meeting was for some time held at Chester, perhaps at Robert Wade's house ; but at a meeting held 12th month 7, 1686, it was "order'd yt yo monthly meeting from hence forth be kept at Walter fosett's house untell farther order." Thus it continued until 1693, when it began to circulate at the houses of John Simeoek, in Ridley, Robert Vernon, Thomas and Randall Vernon, John Edge, George Maris, Caleb Pusey, Joseph Stedman, and Bartholomew Coppoek. After 1700 it circulated more at the meeting. houses, finally be- coming settled at Providence.


At a Quarterly Meeting held 6th month 1, 1687, it was " Agreed that there be a monthly meeting keept up in the woods for the service of ffriends & truth, in those partes, as Newtown, Marple, Springfield, over Providence, Middle- towne, & Edgment." It does not appear, however, that any such meeting was kept up as distinct from Chester Monthly Meeting.


Friends of Aston belonged at first to Chester Monthly Meeting, but in 1696 were allowed to join with Chichester and Concord Monthly Meeting.


In 1721 the number of meetings had increased to seven, viz. : Chester, Springfield, Providence, Middletown, Goshen, Newtown, and Uwchlan, which met together for the last time 12th month 26, 1721, after which the last three held a separate Monthly Meeting.


At a Monthly Meeting held 11th of 7th month, 1682 :


"It was then agreed yt a meeting shall be held for ye service & worship of god every first day at ye court house at Vpland.


" And also agreed that there be three meetings in the week time; the westerne part to meet at Chichester the 5th day of the week, and the middle meeting at Harold at Wm. Woodmansons, the' 4th day of the week, and the Eastera meeting at Ridley, at John Simcocks, the 5th day of the week, untill otherwise ordered."


It seems evident that all were to meet together on First days at Upland.


A place of burial was among the early necessities of the settlers, and accordingly we find that at a meeting held at Chester, 1st of 11th month 1682, it was agreed


" that Tho. Cobern & Randel Varnam & Will. Cleton [Clayton] doe see aod vew that plase which is ordered for the buriall plase, and to sce what wil be the lastingest fence and that which will endore, and to see whether theire be stone to make wales, and to bring it to the next monthly meeting, or to aquint frends betwixt an then if they sball find it needful to set men about it."


Again, 12 mo. 5, 1682, "it was ordered yt John Hastings Richard ffow & Thorns Colborn doe veiw ye Buriall place to considder wt quantity may be meet; alsoe how it may be best fensed about."


The matter not being yet accomplished, at a meeting at Robert Wade's house, 4th month 11, 1683,


"it was agreed that Thomas Brassie, Robert Wade, John Hastings Thomas Colborn & Randle Vernon doe veiw & looke out a piece of Land for a Buriall, & bring in their accompt thereof at ye next months meeting."


At a meeting beld 9th month 5, 1683, it was " ordered yt Jo. Hastings & Tho. Vernon doe fence the Buriall ground about, assone as may be."


4 mo. 6, 1687 .- " Agreed that Bartholomew Coppock, James Ken- erly, Randall Vernon & Caleb Pusey do agree & contract with such workmen or workman as they shall see meet to build a meeting house att Chester 24 foot square & 10 foot high in ye walls & yt ye abovesaid persons do come themselves & the said workioen they agree & give an account thercof to ye next monthly meeting."


10th month 5th, 1687, the " ffeofees chosen in trust for ye purchased land & meeting house at Chester" were John Sim- cock, John Bristow, Joshua Hastings, Thomas Brassie, Thomas Vernon, Randall Vernon, Caleb Pusey, Edward Carter, Walter Faucet, Mordecai Maddock, Richard Few, and Thomas Martin. To these persons Urin Keen (Joran Kyn) conveyed, by deed dated the 1st of Ist month fol- lowing, a lot of ground in Chester, " To the use & behoof of the sª Chester meeting of the people of God called Quakers," for and in consideration of £10 current moncy of Pennsylvania.


On the 13th of 8th month, 1690, the following persons were appointed to receive subscriptions towards building a meeting-house in Chester : for Upper Providence, Randall Malin ; for Middletown, John Worrall and David Ogden ; for Edgemont, Thomas Worrilow and James Swaffer ; for Springfield, George Maris the younger and Mordecai Maddock ; for Marple, Thomas Pearson and Josiah Taylor.


2 mo. 6, 1691 .- " Its agreed by this meeting that John Bristow and Caleb Pusey do forthwith agree with & Imploy workmen in the build- ing ye meeting-house at Chester with stone on the place yt was for- inerly bought for that purpose, the situateing of which, as allso ye manner of Building the samne is left to their discretion : And that this meeting do defray the charge of the same so that it exceed not one hundred pounds, and that there be one convenient chimney, at least, and that the sd John Bristow & Caleb Posey do give account of what they have done at ye next months mecting."


1st month 5, 1693-4, John Simcock, Randall Vernon, Walter Faucet, Robert Barber, and Robert Carter were appointed to meet with John Bristow and Caleb Pusey to examine their accounts, " and also to receive ye Deed of ye Land the sª house stands upon."


At a Quarterly Meeting, 12th month 1, 1696, it was re- quested


" that the weekly 5th days meeting at Ridley be kept the last 5th day in each month at Chester, which this meeting cousents unto."


3 mo. 2, 1698 .- " Chester.ffriends desiering the weekly meeting to be at Randall Vernons the second 5th day of each month, this meet- iog doth allow it.


" It's also agreed that the meeting at Thomas Minshalls do joyne with them that day."


3 mo. 3, 1703 .- " Ordered by this meeting that Chester week days meeting be at Randall Vernon's every first fifth day in each month, & the other days at Chester Towne."


3 mo. 6, 1706 .- " Chester months meeting moveing that whereas their weekly fifth-days meeting haveing been kept once a month at Randall Vernon's house, may for the future be at Chester Towne, which this meeting approves off untill further order."


At Monthly Mtg, 6, 31, 1702 .- " Chester meeting proposcth their intentions of purchaseing a burying-place in the town, which this meeting approves of, provided they preserve and koop in Good order the Old Burying-Place."


8 mo. 25, 1703 .- Memorandum that " the Deeds of Chestor meet- ing house aod Land is in the hands of Randall Vernon."


CHICHESTER MEETING.


At a Monthly Meeting held at Upland, 7th month 11, 1682, it was agreed that there should be a meeting at Chi- chester on the Fifth day of the week, but it was not until the 1st of 11th month following that


"it was condescended to that frinds at Chichester may hold a meeting there on the first day of the weik for the servis of God un- till the next monthly meeting, then to havo further aprobation con- seraing it."


The approbation was doubtless given at the next meeting, but not minuted.


232


HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.


At Quarterly Meeting, 6 mo. 3, 1696 .- " Chichester Monthly meet- ing being called the meeting ceosents that their weekly meeting be on the 6th day of the week."


12, 1, 1696 .- " Chichester Monthly Meeting being called they re- questing ye alteratien ef their weekly meeting to the 5th day as formerly, which this meeting consents unto."


James Browne, by deed of 10th month 4, 1688, con- veyed two acres of ground in Chichester to William Clay- ton, Sr., Philip Roman, Robert Pyle, Jacob Chandler, Joseph Bushell, and John Kingsman, for the use of Friends, whereon a meeting-house was built soon after. It was destroyed by fire 12th month 4, 1768, and rebuilt the following year.


PHILADELPHIA QUARTERLY MEETING.


This was established in 1682, and the Welsh settlers in Chester County set up their meetings as branches thereof. This caused some dissatisfaction on the part of the English Friends, and the matter was finally arranged that, after Hav- crford, Radnor, and Newtown, no other meetings should be set up in this connty except by consent of Chester Quar- terly Meeting.


HAVERFORD MEETING.


This was probably held as early as 1683.


HAVERFORD MONTHLY MEETING


was first held 10th of 2d month (April), 1684, and in- cluded the meetings of Haverford, Merion, and Schuylkill, the latter being held near the present Market Street bridge, Philadelphia.


DARBY MEETING


was doubtless held in 1683. A Monthly Meeting of this name was first held 5th month 2, 1684. Although the families of this meeting spread into other parts, no meeting was ever set up as a branch thereof.


CHESTER QUARTERLY MEETING,


now and since 1800 known as Concord Quarterly Meeting, was held for the first time 12th month 4, 1683-4, at Chester. In 1686 it was agreed to hold the meeting at Walter Fancet's house, in Ridley, but after 1693 it circulated at the houses of Thomas and Randall Vernon, Edward Carter, Joseph Stedman, and Robert Vernon until 1700, when it was settled mostly at Providence meeting-house. In 1716 it was removed to Concord meeting-house.


CONCORD MONTHLY MEETING.


At a Quarterly Meeting at Chester, 12th month 4, 1683-4, it was ordered that "Chechester Monethly Meate- ing be ye second second day of eavery moneth."


"The fearst moethly meeting held by friends in Chichester on ye 17th of the first month, in ye year 1684.


" William Hews, ) John Bezer, Joha Harding."


At a meeting held 4, 9, 1684, a subscription was made to assist Thomas Moore to build a house, in which the fol- lowing persons joined : John Harding, Morgan Drewitt, Valentine Hollingsworth, William Hews, James Browne, William Clayton, Sr., John Bezer, John Kingsman, and J. C. (Jacob Chandler ?).


At a Quarterly Meeting, 6me. 2, 1686 .- " Ordered that ye monthly meeting formerly held at Chechester be frem henceforth kept one menth at Chechester and one month kept at Concerd & ye next menthly meeting to begin at Cencord, untill farther order."


For some time it was known as Chichester and Concord Monthly meeting; after 1729 it was held altogether at Concord.


CONCORD MEETING.


At a Quarterly Meeting at Chester, 9th month 1, 1685 :


" It is agreed yt ye meeting formerly held at John Gibhens heuse should from this time forewards be held ene first day & ene fourth day at John Gibboos' & another first day & fourth day at Nicelas Newland's untill further erder."


6 mo. 2, 1686 .- " Agreed yt ye meeting formerly ordered to be one first day at Nicelas Newland's and ye ether first day at Jehn Gibias's be from this time removed & kept at Nichelas Newlands only, till further order (viz.) ye first & 4th days meeting."


At Mo. Mtg., 4, 13, 1692 .- " Margery Gibbins Apeared at this meet- ing and Apeared mere Tender & low then heretofere and desired that diference betwixt her & friends may be ended. At length friends & she eeneluded to reffer the seperate meeting yt they keepe at there hense to the determination of the Quarterly meeting, she promiseing to stand & Abide by the Judgment ef the Quarterly meeting."


At Quarterly Mtg., 9 me. 4, 1695 .- "Chiebester monthly meeting being called it was agreed that Coneerd meeting which was meveable be new fixed at the new meeting house."


NEWARK MONTHLY MEETING,


now and since 1760 known as Kennet Monthly Meeting, was first held in 1686.


At Chester Quarterly Meeting, 12th month 1, 1685:


"Its agreed yt frem henceferth ne meeting wt ever relating to ye servise ef Truth be set up wth out advising wth & having consent of ye quarterly meeting.


" Agreed yt yc friends ef Newcastle County according to their prep- esition may erect er set up a six weeks meeting as they shall see cause."


The meeting so established does not appear to have been held very regularly for the first year. The first entry in the record is as follows :


" At the Monthly Meeting held at the Widow Welsh's 3mo. - , 1686 : Edward Gibbs & Judith Crawford proposed their Intentions ef mar- riage with each ether, Je man preduceing a Certificate from ye meothly meeting in Maryland, signibeing his Clearness There: Valentine Ilullingsworth & Roht Vence were appointed to make a further In- quiry."


Although established by consent of Chester Quarterly Meeting, Newark did not at first send representatives thereto, but every third meeting was considered a Quarterly Meeting until


3, 6, 1693 .- " Its agreed by this meeting yt we jein eurselves te Chester Quarterly Meeting (and their Conseat we have thereto)."


6 me. 28, 1687 .- " At our Monthly Meeting at ye Widow Welshes, this meeting haveing taken into Consideration ye matter ef ye Maas Meeting which hitherte hath been kept at New Castle & finding upoa Dne Consideration yt it may be more Convenient for ye present that it he kept twice on ye other side ef Brandywine and ye third which will be Quarterly Meeting to be kept at New Castle ye first 7th day in Every Menth be ye mens meeting. The Meeting Censents yt there shall be a Weekly Meeting about Whitely Creek where friends there shall think fit."


By " man's meeting" they intended the meeting for busi- ness, in which the women probably took no part at that date. The Monthly Meeting was mostly held at Valentine Hollingsworth's after 1689, but it circulated to various houses up to 3d month 6, 1704, when


" This meeting Orders that enr next Monthly Meeting be held at ye Center wch is supposed to be at George Harlans enld house."


It was held last at Newark in 1707, but after Centre meeting-house was built it was mostly held there for some


233


SOCIETY OF FRIENDS.


years. At length it became settled at Kennet, and on that account dropped the old name of Newark.


NEW CASTLE MEETING.


The date of the establishment of this meeting has been fixed at 1684. John Hussey, John Richardson, Edward Blake, George Hogg, and Benjamin Swett were members thereof. In 1688 a committee was appointed to view a place for a meeting-house and graveyard.


NEWARK MEETING.


In 1684 a survey of 986 acres was made for Valentine Hollingsworth on Shelpot Creek, in New Castle County, and called " New Worke" in the surveyor's return. Whether that was a corruption of "Newark" or vice versa has not been ascertained, but in old documents the meeting was often written " New-Work." Valentine Hollingsworth gave half an acre for a burying-place, 11, 7, 1687, "there being some already buryed in ye spot." A meeting-house was afterwards built, but the meeting ceased to be held there about 1754.


CENTRE MEETING.


10, 7, 1687 .- " At ye request of friends beyond Brandywine to have a meeting there this winter season, to which friends is willing and thereto eonsents."


10, 7, 1689 .- " George Harlan Desireing ye Concurranee nf ffriends on behalf of ye familys on ye other side of Brandywine for ye hald- ing of a meeting this winter season amongst themselves by reason of the dangerousness. of ye fard to which yo meeting agrees and Con- sents."


George Harlan's later residence was in what is now Pennsbury, but in 1689 it was perhaps farther south.


9, 7, 1702 .- " ffriends on ye south side of Brandywine haveing re- quested yt they may have Every nther first day a meeting on their side ye Creek this meeting haveing taken it into Consideration allows thereof and for ye more certain knowledge and settlement of our meeting it is thought Expedient and necessary yt our meetings he kept only at two places vizt at Newark, at Valentine Hollingsworth's, one first day, and on ye other side of Brandywine ye other first day."


In 1708 a meeting-house forty feet by twenty feet was directed to be built, but it does not appear to have been accomplished for some time after.


5, 1, 1710 .- " Its agreed upon yt Allphonsus Kirk is to be allowed 78. 6d. + acre for what Land ye meeting house have decation for not exceeding six Acres."


9,3, 1711 .- " This meeting appoints George Harlan, Thos. Hollings- worth Allphonsus Kirk and Sam" Graves to take ye nversight of ye building of ye Center meeting house requesting ym wth all Convenient speed to let nut ye work to some workmen in order yt it may be ye mare speedily done and return an acctt to ye next meeting how they pro- ceed."


MIDDLETOWN MEETING. At a Quarterly Meeting, 3, 3, 1686 :


" Agreed yt a meeting be kept at John Boiters upon yt same first day it used to be at Bartholomew Cuppocks for ye ease of such yt live westerly in ye woods and ye rest of friends living ye other way upon yt same day to meet at ffraneis Stanfields until further consid- eration."


3, 4, 1696 .- " It is agreed that a meeting be settled at John Bo- water's every first and fifth day."


9, 6, 1699 .- " The ffriends of John Bawaters meeting Lay their In- tentions of Building a meeting house. This meeting constitutes & appoints Philip Roman, Robert Pyle, Nathaniel Newlin, George Robinson, John Hood & John Wood to determine the place for that service and make report to ye next Quarterly meeting under all their Hands that it may be entred in this meeting Book."


This committee reported in favor of building upon the land belonging to the said meeting's burying-ground. This was called Middletown Meeting as early as 1702.


SPRINGFIELD MEETING.


See Middletown in 1686. At Quarterly Meeting, 6th month 2, 1686 :


" Agreed yt ye meeting at francis Stanfields upon fresh consideration be Removed to Bartholomew Coppoek's ye younger, to begin ye next first day and ye 4th day folawing untill friends see cause to remove it."


3 mo. 4, 1696 .- " This meeting consents yt the meeting at Bartholo- mew Coppocks be settled every first and 3d day."


3 mn. 2, 1698 .- " Its also agreed that the meeting at Bartholomew Coppocks on the 3d day ba on ye 5th day."


12 mo. 6, 1698-9 .- " The friends helonging to Springfield meeting propose their intentions of building a meeting house at their grave yard, which this Quarterly meeting Consents unto."




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