History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, with genealogical and biographical sketches, Part 124

Author: Futhey, John Smith, 1820-1888; Cope, Gilbert, 1840-1928
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Philadelphia, L. H. Everts
Number of Pages: 1162

USA > Pennsylvania > Chester County > History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, with genealogical and biographical sketches > Part 124

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# By Prof. E. D. Cope.

Such are the larger Percida, the Catostomida (suekers), etc.

Different waters support different kinds of fishes. Spe- cies may be confined to one of the following four water areas : (1) The rapid streams of mountains and hills, (2) the smaller and quiet creeks, (3) the channels of the large creeks and rivers, (4) tide-water. Tide-water does not enter Chester County, and there are very few streams that can be arranged under the first head. The only fishes of our list that ean be regarded as belonging to sueh waters are the Ceratichthys cataracta and the Uranidea viscosa (miller's thumb).

No fishes are admitted into the list which the author has not seen, excepting one or two, for which he has good au- thority.

HYOPOMATA .- TRUE FISHES. ACTINOPTERI .- NORMAL-FINNED FISHES. PHYSOCLYSTI .- CTENOID FISHES. PERCOMORPHI .- PERCH-LIKE.

DISTIGI.

1 .- PERCIDAE.

Percina, Haldeman .- Log Perches.

1. P. caprodes, Raf .- Log Perch.

A small and handsomely-marked species, found only in the tribu- taries of the Susquehanna.

Alvordius, Girard .- Back-sided Darters.

2. A. peltatus, Stauffer .- Shielded Darter.

A rare species, from the tributaries of the Susquehanna. Boleosoma, DeKay .- Tessellated Darter.

3. B. olmstedi, Storer .- Tessellated Darter.

The common darter of all the streams.

Perca, Linnæns .- Perches.

4. P. americana, Schr .- Common Yellow Perch. Stizostethium, Rafinesque .- Pike Perches.

5. S. vitreum, Mitch .- Wall-eyed Pike Perch.

6. S. canadense, Smith .- Sand Pike Perch.

The Susquehanna streams.

Labrax, Mitchill .- Striped Bass.

7. L. lineatus, BI. Schn .- Striped Bass.

8. L. americanus, Gm .- White Perch.

Lepiopomus, Rafinesque .- Sun Fishes.

9. L. auritus, L .- Long-eared Sun Fish. Found everywhere.

Pomotis, Gill and Jordan .- Pond Fishes.

10. P. aureus, Walb .- Common Sun Fish.

EnDeacanthus, Gill .- Nine-spined Sun Fishes.

11. E. guttatus, Morris .- Blue-spotted Sun Fish.

A pretty species, found only in lowlands of the Delaware drainage. Pomoxys, Rafinesque .- Grass Bass.

12. P. nigromaculatus, L. S .- Grass Bass.

Not common (Delaware, teste Abhot).

2. APHODODERIDEE.

Aphododerus, Le Sueur .- Pirate Perches.

13. A. sayanus, Gill .- Pirate Perch.

Lowlands of the Delaware drainage only.

SCYPHOBRANCHI. 3. COTTIDE.

Uranidea, DeKay .- Miller's Thumbs.

14. U. viscosa, Hald .- Slippery Miller's Thumb. Cold runs and streamlets.

HEMIBRANCHI.

4. GASTEROSTEIDE.

Apeltes, DeKay .- Naked Sticklebacks.

15. A. quadracus, Mitch .- Four-spined Stiokleback.

Lowlands and swamps.

SYNENTOGNATHI. 5. BELONIDE.

Belone, Lion.

16. B. truncata, Le S .- Soft Gar.

Common in the larger streams.

447

FISHES.

PERCESOCES. 6. CYPRINODONTIDE.

Fundulus, Lacepede .- Killifishes. 17. F. diaphanus, Le S .- Barred Killifish.

PHYSOSTOMI. HAPLOMI.

7. UMBRIDE.

Umbra, Kram .- Mud Minnows. 18. M. pygmæa, DeK .- Eastern Mud Minnow.

Low and swampy places, among Myriophyllum, etc.

8. ESOCIDE.

Esox, L. 19. E. reticulatus, Le S .- Pike or pickerel.

20. E. porosus, Cope .- Little Pickerel, etc.

ISOSPONDYLI.

9. SALMONIDE.

Salmo, Linnaeus .- Salmons.

21. S. fontinalis, Mitch .- Brook Trout, etc.

10. CLUPEID.E.

Clupea, Cuvier .- Shads.

22. C. sapidissima, Wils .- Common Shad.#

Anadromous in spring.

23. C. pscudoharengus, Wils .- Alewife, etc. Anadremous in spring.

Dorysoma, Rafinesque .- Gizzard Shads. 24. D. cepedianum, Le S .- Hickory Shad, etc. In ponds.

PLECTOSPONDYLI.

11. CYPRINIDE.

Luxilus, Raf .- Minnows, etc.

25. L. hudsonius, Clint .- Spawn-Eater.

Delaware drainage. 26. L. amarus, Girard .- Smelt.

Susquehanna drainage. 27. L. procne, Cope .- Pigmy Minnow.

Commou.

28. L. chalybaus, Cope .- Black-handed Minnow. Delaware streams.

29. L. cornutus, Mitch .- Red Fin, etc.

Common everywhere.

30. L. analostanus, Girard .- Silver Fin.

Most abundant in the Susquehanna streams. Gila, Baird and Girard .- Long-Jawed Shiners.

31. G. funduloides, Girard .- Crimson Dace.

Susquehanna streams. The most brilliantly-colored fish in the State.

Notemigonus, Rafinesque .- Golden Shiners.

32. N. chrysoleucus, Mitch .- Shiner, Stilbe, Bream.

Common everywhere; the largest cyprinoid of the Semetili. Phoxinus, Rafinesque, 1820 .- European Minnows.

33. P. margaritus, Cope .- Pearly Dace.

Susquehanna streams only.

Hemitremia, Cope .- Hemitremes.

34. H. bifrenata, Cope .- Eastern Hemitremia, Schuylkill River. Semetilus, Rafinesque .- Chubs. 35. S. corporalis, Mitch .- Common Chub, etc. Most common in the Susquehanna streams.

36. S. bullaris, Raf .- Fall Fish, Dace, Roach.

Most abundant in the tributaries of the Delaware. The most gamy of the Cyprinidæ.

Nocomis, Gird .- Horny Heads. 37. N. biguttatus, Kirtl .- Horned Chub, Jerker. Much the most common in the tributaries of the Susquehanna. 38. N. micropogon, Cope.

A very rare fish, found only as yet in a tributary of the Susque- hanna.

# It is inferred that as late as 1775 shad were caught in the Bran- dywine as far up as the forks. George Martin, who died in that year, is said to have taken cold from going into the creek, in company with several of his neighbors, to catch these fish early in the spring, and from this cause lost his life.

Rhinichthys, Agassiz .- Long-nosed Dace.

39. R. cataracta, C. and V .- Long-nosed Dace. Found in rapids in all streams.

40. R. atronasus, Mitch .- Black-nosed Dace. Everywhere.

Exoglossum, Rafinesque .- Stone Toters.

41. E. maxillingua, Les .- Chub, Cut Lips, etc.

This curious fish is so far only known from the Susquehanna streams. It feeds chiefly on mollusca.

12 .- CATASTOMIDA.

Myxostoma, Rafinesque .- Red Horse. 42. M. macrolepidotum, Le S .- Red Horse.

The Susquehanna streams. Erimyzon, Jordan .- Chub Suckers.

43. E. sucetta, Lac .- Mullet.

Everywhere in sluggish waters. Catostemus, Le S .- Suckers.

44. H. nigricans, Le S .- Stone Roller.

Found in the Susquehanna streams only.

45. C. teres, Mitch .- Common Sucker.

Everywhere. Carpiodes, Rafinesque .- Carp Suckers.

46. C. cyprinus, Le S .- Silvery Carp Sucker.

In all the large streams.

NEMATOGNATHI. 13 .- SILURIDE.

Amiurus, Rafinesque .- Cat Fishes. 47. A. albidus, Le S .- Pale Cat, etc.

Everywhere; a good food-fish.

48. A. catus, L .- Bull-Head, etc.

Everywhere. Grooias, Cope.

49. G. nigrilabris, Cope .- Cave Cat Fish.

A curious blind catfish found by Jacob Stauffer in Lancaster County. May be looked for in subterranean water in limestone regions.

Noturus, Rafinesque .- Stone Cats.

50. N. insignis, Rich .- Margined Stone Cat. Susquehanna streams. 51. N. gyrinus .- Tadpole Stone Cat.

Delaware streams.

ENCHELYCEPHALI. 14. ANGUILLIDE.

Anguilla, Thunberg .- Eels. 52. A. rostrata, Le S .- Common American Eel.

HALECOMORPHI. 15. AMIIDE.

Amia, Lionæus .- Bowfins. 53. A. calva, Lion .- Bowfin, Dog Fish, etc.

Rarely found in the Susquehanna, never in the Delaware.

GINGLYMODI. 16. LEPIDOSTEID E. Lepidosteus, Lacepede .- Gar Pikes. 54. L. semiradiatus, Agass .- Bony Gar, etc.

Commoo in the Susquehanna, rare in the Delaware.

CHONDROSTEI. GLANIOSTOMI. 17. ACCIPENSERIDE.

Acipenser, Linnaeus .- Sturgeons. 55. A. sturio, Linn .- Common Sea Sturgeon. Occasionally ascends the larger streams. 56. A. brevirostris, Le S .- Blunt-nosed Sturgeon. May rarely ascend the large streams; no specimen recorded.

MARSIPOBRANCHI. HYPEROARTI. 18. PETROMYZONTIDE.

Petromyzon, Linnæus .- Lampreys. 57. P. marinus .- Great Sca Lamprey.

448

HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

Lampetra, Gray. 58. L. fluviatilis .- Large Black Lamprey. 59. L. argenteus .- Silvery Lamprey.

The following species have been introduced into the waters of Chester County :

Percidæ.

Micropterus pallidus .- The Black Bass.#

Cyprinidæ.

Carassius auratus .- The Gold Fish.

Cyprinus carpio .- Carp.

Salmonidæ.

Salmo salar .- Salmon ; Delaware River.

Salmo quinnat .- California Salmon ; Susquehanna River.

Making a total of 64 species resident in our waters. The following systematic synopsis will give an idea of their distribution according to structural affinity.

Species.

Hyopomata. Actinopteri.

Isospondyli. Clupeidæ. 3 Plectospondyli.

Physoolysti. Percomorphi. Distegi.

Percidæ 13

Aphododeridæ

Enchelycephali. Anguillidæ .. 1

Hemibranchi.

Gasterostridæ 1

Ginglymodi. Lepidosteidæ 1

Belonidæ 1

Physostomi.

Chondrostei. Glaniostomi.

Haplomi.

Accipenseridæ ...

Úmbridæ 1

Esocidæ'

Isospondyli.

3 Salmonidæ 3

From the above synopsis it is evident that the families most largely represented by species are the Percida and Cyprinidæ.

All the species of the above list will sustain human life, and may even be regarded as good food, with the excep- tion of the Lepidosteus and the Amia, and the very small species. Probably the best food-fishes resident in the streams are the pike-perch (Stizostethium) and the trout, while the shad is certainly the best of the anadromous species. The best edible fishes are represented in the fam- ilies as follows : Percida, 7; Esocide, 2; Salmonidae, 1; Clupeida, 2; Cyprinida, 3; Silurida, 2; Anguillida, 1; Accipenseridae, 1. Total, 19 species. The proper protec- tion of the fish-life of the streams has attracted consider- able attention in the State. The extent to which this source of food may be developed has hardly yet been ap- preciated, even by the most sanguine advocates of pro- tection.

# In 1871 a number of persons interested in the sport of fishing subscribed to a fund for the purpose of introducing the black bass to the Brandywine waters, with David M. McFarland, of West Ches- ter, as treasurer and agent. The services of J. William Padgett, of Sandy Hook, near Harper's Ferry, werc sccured, and 370 fish caught there were placed in a large tank and brought hy rail to Chester County. The first were put into the creck just below Seeds' bridge, and the rest distributed to other points, on or about the 23d of April. The total expense was $291, including fish, at 40 cents cach, transpor- tation, telegrams, and other items.

AN ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE TER- RESTRIAL AND FLUVIATILE TESTACEOUS MOLLUSKS OF CHESTER CO., PA.t

MOLLUSCA.

I .- PULMONIFERA .- Air-Breathers. 1. Geophila .- Living on Land.

Limacida .- The Family of the Naked Slugs. Tebennophorus, Binn.

1. carolinensis, Bosc .- The Carolina Sing. Com. (Fig. I.) Pilifer, Morso.

Fio. 1.

2. dorsalis, Bian. (Fig. 2.)

Limax, Lina.

3. agrestis, Linn .- The Field Slug. Com. (Fig. 3.)

FIG. 3.

FIO. 2.

FIG. 4.

4. campestris, Linn .- (The young of L. agrestis ?) Rare. (Fig. 4.)

5. flavus, Linn .- The Yellow Slug. Com. (Fig. 5.)

FIG. 5.

6. maximus, Linn .- The Large Slug. Rare. (Fig. 6.)} FIG. 6.

Helicida .- The Family of the Snails proper. Mesodon, Raf. 7. albolabris, Say .- In rocky woodland, etc. (Fig. 7.) S. sayii, Binn .- In forests, northwestern districts. (Fig. 8.) 9. pennsylranica, Bina .- Under logs and old'wood. (Fig. 9.)

FIO. 7.

F10. 8.

Fio. 9.

FIG. 10.

10. clausa, Sny .- New Garden. Similar places. (Fig. 10.)

t By W. D. Hartman, M.D. ¿ It is probable that all these may have been introduced from abroad, certainly the two last species. They are, happily, only yet found in and near commercial cities .- E. M.

Cyprinidæ . 22

Catostomidæ 5

Nematognathi. Siluridæ. 5

Scyphobranchi. Cottidæ. 1

Halecomorphi. Amiidæ 1

Synentognathi.

Marsipobranchi. Hyperoarti.

Petromyzontidæ ...

449

CONCHOLOGY.

11. thyroides, Say .- In open woods, gardens, eto. Com. (Fig. 11.) Fra. 11.

12. bucculenta, Gould .- About stumps, etc., wet meadow. (Fig. 12.)

FIG. 12.

13. var. rufa, Michener .- Along with the preceding." 14. dentifera, Binn .- In hilly and rocky forests. (Fig. 13.)

15. palliata, Say .- Found in similar situations. (Fig. 14.)

F10. 13. FIG. 14.

Triodopsis, Raf .- In moist grounds, among stones, etc.

16. appressa, Say .- In moist grounds, among rubbish. (Fig. 15.) 17. tridentata, Say .- In damp places, among dead leaves. (Fig. 16.)

FIO. 15.

FIG. 16.

18. fallax, Say .- Among dead wood and leaves. (Fig. 17.) 19, introferens, Bland .- Similar places, gardens, etc. (Fig. 18.)

FIG. 17.

Fro. 18.

Anguispira, Morse.

20. var. minor, Bland.

21. inflecta, Say. In woods, gardens, etc. (Fig. 19.) Stenotrema, Raf.

22. monodon, Racket .- Beneath stones, loose hark, etc. (Fig. 20.) Macrocyclas, Beck. 23. hirsuta, Say .- Among rotten wood and bark. (Fig. 21.)

FIG. 19.

FIG. 20.

FIO. 21.

Zonites, Mont. 24. alternata, Say .- Under wet logs, stones, etc. (Fig. 22.)

FIG. 22.

* This delicate and richly-colored shell has been referred to albola- bris, thyroides, etc., but it agrees better with bucculenta, with which I have constantly found it associated. Is it only a junior shell ?- E. M. 57

25. concava, Say .- In similar localities. (Fig. 23.)

Fra. 23.

26. fuliginosus, Griff .- In woods, western districts. (Fig. 24.) FIO. 24.

27. lævigatus, Pfr .- To be sought in tho northwest. (Fig. 25.) FIO. 25.

28. inornatus, Say .- In woods, northwestern section. (Fig. 26.) 29. subplanus, Binn .- A more western shell. (Fig. 27.) FIG. 26.

FIG. 27.

30. ligera, Say .- Among rotten wood, etc. (Fig. 28.) 31. demissus, Binn .- In the western distriets. (Fig. 29.)

FIG. 28.

FIO. 29.

32. gularis, Say .- Under wet logs, etc. (Fig. 30.) 33. suppressus, Say .- In woods and fields. (Fig. 31.)

FIO. 30.

FIQ. 31.

34. internus, Say .- In similar places, more western. (Fig. 32.) llyalina, Ferr. 35. cellaria, Mull. (H. glaphyra, Say) .- In cellars, ete. (Fig. 33.) 36. fulva, Drap. (H. chersina, Say).

37. indentata, Say .- Under old wood, loose bark, cte. (Fig. 34.) 38. elcetrina, Gould .- In similar situations. (Fig. 35.)

39. arborea, Say .- Under chips, stones, etc., everywhere. (Fig. 36.)

F10. 32.

FIG. 33.

FIG, 34.

FIG. 35.

FIG. 36.

1 ---

40. hydrophila, Ingalls (II. nitida, Mull.) .- Schuylkill. (Fig. 37.) Pseudohyalina, Morse.

41. minuscula, Binn .- In grass-fields, under rubbish. (Fig. 38.) Vallonia. 42. pulchella, Mull. (V. minuta, Say) .- Evory where. (Fig. 39.)

450

HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

FIG. 37.

FIG. 38.

Fig. 39.

Patula, Hedw. 43. striatella, Anth .- In woods, among débris. (Fig. 40.) Strobila, Morse. 44. labyrinthica, Say .- Under loose, rotten bark. (Fig. 41.) Helicodiscus, Morse. 45. lineatus, Say .- Under cool, wet stones, etc. (Fig. 42.)

FIG. 40.

FIG. 41.

Fig. 42.

Punctum, Morse. 46. minutissimum, Lea .- Among fallen leaves, etc. (Fig. 43.) Succinida .- The Family of the Succineas.

Succinea, Drap. 47. oralis, Gould .- On water-plants, wet chips, etc. (Fig. 44.) 48. obliqua, Say .- Similar stations. (Fig. 45.)

49. avara, Say .- In damp pastures, under hoards, etc. (Fig. 46.)

F10. 43.

FIG. 44.

F10. 45.

Fig. 46.

Pupadæ .- The Family of the Pupas. Zua, Leach.

50. lubrica, Mull .- Among dejected leaves, etc. (Fig. 47.) Acicula, Risso. 51. acicula, Mull. - Greenhouses and nurseries. Imported. (Fig. 48.)

FIG. 47.

FIG. 48

Fio. 49.

FIG. 50.

FIG. 51.

Leucochila, Albers. 52. pentodon, Say. (Fig. 49.) ) 53. marginata, Say. (Fig. 50.) 54. fallax, Say. (Fig. 51.) 55. armifera, Say. (Fig. 52.) 56. contractu, Say. (Fig. 53.) 57. corticaria, Say. (Fig. 54.) Vertigo, Mull.

Found in grass-fields, and among decaying vegetable matters; often abundant.#

58. ovata, Say. (Fig. 55.) 59. decora, Gould. (Fig. 56.) 60. gouldii, Binn. (Fig. 57.) 61. milium, Gould. (Fig. 58.)

# The shells of this family are mostly very small, and often abound unscen. I once collected two thousand and two bundred of the V. milinm around a stump in the pasture. After the animals bad died within them, they weighed only just ten grains .- E. M.

FIG. 52.

FIG. 53.

FIG. 54.

FIG. 55.

Auriculida .- The Family of the Auriculas. Carychium, Mull. 62. exignium, Say .- On wet chips, mosscs, etc. (Fig. 59.)

F10. 56.

FIG. 57.

FIG. 58.

FIG. 59.

2. Limnophila .- Living in Water.

Limnaeidæ .- The Family of the Fresh-water Snails. Radix, Mont.

63. columella, Say .- In sluggish, muddy streams. (Fig. 60.) 64. macrostoma, Say .- In ponds, Pickering Creek, etc. (Fig. 61.) Limnophysa, Fitz.

65. catoscopium, Say .- Del. and Schuylkill. Com. (Fig. 62.) 66. elodes, Say (L. palustris, Mull.) .- Schuylkill. (Fig. 63.)

FIG. 60.

FIG. 61.

FIG. 62.

FIG. 63.

67. reflexa, Say .- In springs and ponds, New Garden. (Fig. 64.) 68. desidiosa, Say .- In ponds and streams. Com. (Fig. 65.) 69. humilis, Say .- Ponds and streams. Com. (Fig. 66.) 70. caperata, Say .- Schuylkill, etc. Com. (Fig. 67.) Physa, Drap.

71. ancillaria, Say .-- Brandywine, etc. (Fig. 68.)

FIG. 64.

FIG. 65.

FIG. 66.

FIG. 67.

FIG. 68.

72. heterostropha, Say .- Small streams. Com. (Fig. 69.) 73. gyrina, Say .- In the smaller streams. (Fig. 70.) Bulinus, Adanson.

74. hypnorum, Linn .- In ponds and streams. (Fig. 71.) Planorbella, Hald. 75. campanulata, Say .- In Schuylkill and larger streams. (Fig. 72.)

451

CONCHOLOGY.

FIO. 69.

FIO. 70.

FIG. 71. FIG. 72.

Helisoma, Swainson.

76. trivolvis, Say .- In streams, Chester County. (Fig. 73.) 77. var. fallax, Hald .- In streams, Chester County. (Fig. 74.) 78. bicarinatus, Say .- In streams, Chester County. (Fig. 75.) Menetus,-H. & A. Adams.

79. exacutus, Say .- In streams, Chester County. (Fig. 76.) F10. 73. FIO. 74.

FIO. 75.

FIG. 76.

Gyraulus, Agassiz. 80. deflectus, Say .- Ponds and rivulets. (Fig. 77.)

81. parrus, Say .- In similar places. (Fig. 78.) 82. albus, Mull .- Del. and Schuylkill marsh-ditches. (Fig. 79.) 83. dilatatus, Gould .- Ponds, Pickering Creek. (Fig. 80.)

FIG. 77.

FIG. 78.

FIG. 79.

FIQ. 80.

Planorbula, Hald. 84. armigera, Say .- In streams generally. (Fig. 81.) Ancylus, Geoff.

85. rivularis, Say .- On stones, shells, and in streams. (Fig. 82.) 86. tardus, Say .-- In a stagnant pool, New Garden. (Fig. 83.)

FIG. 81.

FIG. 82.

Fro. 83.

II .- PECTINIBRANCRIATA .- Gills Pectinated. 2. Limnophila .- Living in Water.

Viviparidæ .- The Family of the Viviparas. Melantho, Bowditch.

87. decisa, Say .- In creeks and ponds. (Fig. 84.) 88. rufa, Haldeman. (Fig. 85.) Lioplax, Troschel.

89. subcarinata, Say .- Schuylkill, etc. Com. (Fig. 86.)

FIG. 84.

FIO. 85.

FIG. 86.

Valvatide .- The Family of the Valvatas. Valvata.

90. tricarinata, Say .- In streams. Com. (Fig. 87.) Amnicolide .- The Family of the Amnicolas.

Ainnicola, Gould.

9I. limosa, Say .- Brandywino, etc. Com. (Fig. 88.) 92. decisa, Hald .- In similar places. (Fig. 89.)

93. grana, Say .- On immersed leaves, Pickering Creek. (Fig. 90.) Bythinella, Moquin .- Gandou.

94. nickliniana, Lea .- Octorara, etc. Com. (Fig. 91.)

FIG. 87.

FIo. 88.

FIO. 89.

FIG. 90.

FIG. 91.

Pomatiopsis, Tryou. 95. lapidaria, Say .- Under stones in wet places. (Fig. 92.)

96. lustrica, Say .- Perhaps the young of P. lapidaria. (Fig. 93.) Somatogyrus, Gill. 97. altilis, Lea (Gillia altilis, W. G. Binn.). (Fig. 94.) Strepomatida .- The Family of the Strepomatids. Gonibasis, Lea. 98. virginiana, Gmel .-- In the larger streams. (Fig. 95.) 99. var. multilineata, Say.

Anculosa, Say.

100. dissimilis, Say .- Susquehanna, etc Abundant. (Fig. 96.)

FIG. 92. Fro. 93.

FIG. 94.

FIG. 95.

FIO. 96.

III .- BRANCHIFERA .- Gills Foliaceons.

2. Limnophila .- Living in Water.

Unionidæ .- The Family of the Fresh-water Mussels. Unio, Retz. 101. complanatus, Solander .- Ponds and streams. (Fig. 97.)

FIO. 97.

102. radiatur, Lam .- Schuylkill, etc. (Fig. 98.)

FIo. 98.

103. cariosus, Say .- Delaware and Susquehanna, etc. (Fig. 99.)

452

HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

FIG. 99.

104. ochraceus, Say .-- In the same localities. (Fig. 100.) FIO. 100.

105. tappanianus, Lea .- Schuylkill, Chester County, (Fig. 101.) FIG. 101,

106. nasutus, Say .- Along with the last. (Fig. 102.) FIG. 102.

Margaritana, Schum. 109. margaritifera, Linn,-White Clay Creek, etc. (Fig. 105.) FIG. 105.

110. undulata, Say .- Creeks and ponds, Chester County. (Fig. 106.)

FIG. 106.

111. marginata, Say .- Similar localities. (Fig. 107:) FIG. 107.

Anodonta, Brug. 112. fluriutilis, Dillw .-- The Brandywine and larger streams. (Fig. 108.)

FIG. 108.

107. fisherianus, Len .- In White Clay Creek. (Fig. 103.) FIG. 103.

108. heterodon, Lea .- Schuylkill. Abundant. (Fig. 104.)

Fio. 104.

113. implicata, Say .- The Brandywine and larger streams. (Fig. 109.)

FIG. 109.

453

BOTANY.

114. edentala, Say .- The Brandywine and larger streams. (Fig. 110.)

FIG. 110.

115. tryonia, Lea .- The Brandywine and larger streams. (Fig. 111.)

FIG. 111.

Family Corbiculida. Sphærinm, Scop. 116. transversum, Say .- Schuylkill, etc. (Fig. 112.)

FIG. 112.

117. simile, Say .- In most running streams. (Fig. 113.)

FIG. 113.

118. strintinum, Lam .- Brandywine, etc. (Fig. 114.) 119. stamineum, Con .- Delaware tributaries. (Fig. 115.) 120. fabalis, Prime .- Susquehanna tributaries. (Fig. 116.) 121. rosaceum, Prime .- Pickering Creek, ete. (Fig. 117.)

FIG. 114.

FIG. 115.

FIG. 116.

FIG. 117.

122. partumeium, Say .- White Clay Creek and other streams. (Fig. 118.)

123. securis, Prime .- Ditches and running streams. (Fig. 119.) Pisidium, Pfr.

124. compressum, Prime .- Pickering Creek. Rare. (Fig. 120.) 125. virginicum, Giel .- White Clay Creek, etc. Abundant. (Fig. 121.)

FIG. 118.

FIG. 119.

FIG. 120.

FIG. 121.

126. variabile, Prime .- In similar places. (Fig. 122.) 127. abditum, Ilald .- Fountains, small streams. (Fig. 123.) FJe. 123.

FIG. 122.

MYRIAPODS AND CRUSTACEANS.

I have noted a few species of the Myriapods and Crus- taceans, but they have been too little studied and the lists are too meagre to justify their publication.

Myropoda, 29 species. Crustaceu, 15 species.

BOTANY. PHONOGAMOUS OR FLOWERING PLANTS.

A catalogue of the flowering plants was prepared, but, owing to a want of space, coupled with the fact that a separate and complete work on this subject has already been published by the late Dr. William Darlington, it was decided to omit it from this history.

CRYPTOGAMIA OF CHESTER COUNTY. I .- ACROGENS .- The Ferns, etc.

Equisetida .- The Family of the Horse-tail Ferns. Equisetum, Linn.

1. arrense, Linn .- The Field Horse-tail Fern. Moist ground.

2. sylvaticum, Linn .- The Wood Horse-tail. Meadows.

3. hiemale, Linn .-- The Scouring-Bush. In wet grounds.

4. limosum, Linn .- To be looked for in watery places.

Polypodidæ .- The Family of the Ferns.

Polypodium, Linn.

5. vulgare, Linn .- The Common Polypodium. In woods.

6. hexagonopterum, Linn .- The Hexagonal-winged Polypode. Adiantum, Linn.

7. pedatum, Linn .- The Maiden-Hair Fern. In woods.

Pteris, Linn.

8. aguilina, Linn .- The Brake. In moist woods.

9. atropurpurea, Linn .- The Purple Brake. In woods. Cheilanthes, Swartz.

10. restita, Wild .- The Lip Fern. On rocky banks. Woodwardia, Smith.

11. virginica, Wild .- The Chain Fern. In swamps. Camptosorus, Link.

12. rhizophyllux, Link .- The Walking Fern .- Rocky woodlands. Asplenium, Linn.

13. ruta-muraria, Linn .- The Wall-rue Fern. Lime-rocks, etc.

14. trichomanes, Linn .- On shaded cliffs.

15. ebenum, Aiton .- The Ebony-stemmed Fern. In rocky places.

16. thelipteroides, Mx .- In moist, shaded grounds.

17. felix femina, R. Brown .- In moist woodlands. Dicksonia, L. Ilcretin.

18. punctilobulu, Hoek .- In moist, shaded places.

Cystopteris, Bernhardi.

19. bulbifera, Bernb .- Bladder Fern. On moist rocks.

454

HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

20. fragilis, Bernh .- Bladder Fern. Woodsia, R. Br.

Among shaded rocks.

21. obtusa, Wild .- On rocky banks, cliffs, etc.

22. ilvensis, R. Br .- On rocky banks of streams. Dryopteris, Adams.

23. thelypteris, Linn .- In swampy thickets.

24. novæboracensis, Linn .- Moist woodlands.

25. intermedia, Muhl .- Moist woodlands.

26. cristata, Swartz .- Moist, shaded places.

27. goldiana, Hook .- In rich, moist woods.

28. marginatis, Swartz .- In rocky woodlands. Polytrichum, Roth.

29. acrostichoides, Schott .- In woods. Onoclea, Linn.

30. sensibilis, Linn .- In moist thickets. Lygodium, Swartz.

31. palmatum, Swartz .-- The Climbing Fern.

Osmundida .- The Family of Royal Ferns. Osmunda, Linn.

32. spectabilis, Wild .- The Flowering Fern. Wet woods.

33. claytoniana, Linn .-- Clayton's Fern. Moist woods.

34. cinnamomea, Linn .- The Cinnamon Fern. In woods. Botryciida .- The Family of the Rattlesnake Ferns. Botrychium, Swartz.

35. lunarioides, Swartz .- Moon-wort Fern.

36. var. obliquum, Wild.

37. var. dissectum, Wild.

38. virginianum, Swartz .- The Rattlesnake Fern. Ophioglossum, Linn.

39. vulgatum, Linn .- The Adder's Tongue.

Lyeopodida .- The Family of Club Mosses. Lycopodium, Linn.

40. lucidulum, Mx .- Shining Club Moss.

41. inundatum, Linn.

42. dendroideum, Mx .- The Ground Pine.

43. clavatim, Linn .- The Club Moss.

44. complanatum, Linn .- The Fan-shaped Club Moss. Salaginella, Beauv.

45. rupestre, Spring .- Rocky hills, Brandywine. Rare.

46. apus, Spring .- In low, clayey grounds. Com.

Isoetida. The Family of the Quillworts. Isoetes, Linn.

47. lacustris, Linn .- Lake Quillwort. In shallow water. 48. riparia, Engelman.

49. engelmanni, Braun .- In moist ground, N. Garden. Rare .*

II .- ANOPHYTA .- The Mosses, etc.

Sphagnida .- The Family of the Sphagnums. Peat Moss. Sphagnum, Dill.

cymbifolium, Dill .- In bogs and swamps. acutifolium, Ehrh .- In bogs, Toughkenamon.

Phascida .- The Family of the Phascums.

Phascum, Linn.

1. crassinervium, Schwægr .- On moist, shaded grounds.

2. muticum, Schrader .- Old fields.

3. cuspidatum, Schred .- Old fields.

4. alternifolium, Brid .- Old fields.

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History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, with genealogical and biographical sketches, Part 124

Author: Futhey, John Smith, 1820-1888; Cope, Gilbert, 1840-1928 Publication date: 1881 Publisher: Philadelphia, L. H. Everts Number of Pages: 1162

Author: Futhey, John Smith, 1820-1888; Cope, Gilbert, 1840-1928
Publication date: 1881
Publisher: Philadelphia, L. H. Everts
Number of Pages: 1162