History of California, Volume VI, Part 78

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885-1890
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 816

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After many preliminary meetings and county con- ventions, the state conventions of whigs and democrats came off in July 1854. The democrats met in Sacra- mento on the 18th. Broderick, being chairman of the state central committee, used his position to ex- clude the delegates opposed to him, by securing a building, the baptist church, and arranging the seat- ing of the delegations so as to bring his friends imme- diately about him, and to leave no place for the unfriendly delegates. Further than this, he had his friends admitted by a private entrance in advance of the time appointed, so that when the doors were thrown open, the other delegations would be dispos- sessed of seats. He had determined every particular of the proceedings in caucus with his managers to give him control of the convention. The Gwin delegates, on the other hand, had concocted a counter-plan. The Broderick men had selected Ned McGowan for presi- dent of the convention; the Gwin men had chosen John McDougal, and made other preparations, includ- ing an armed guard to conduct their nominee to the chair.

At the hour of meeting, the anti-Broderick dele- gations were punctually at the door of the church, and in spite of the thorough management inside, forced an entrance, a picked number making their way to the front. In the centre of this party was the person selected to nominate McDougal for presi- dent.16 Almost in the next instant, when Broderick

16 O'Meara gives the names of Billy Mulligan, James P. Casey, Mortimer J. Smith, 'and others of similar courageous or desperate character,' as sus-

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had called the convention to order, and before Brod- erick's man found his tongue, the motion to nominate McDougal was made. The nomination was a fair one, at least as fair as the other would have been; a mem- ber of the Broderick faction, however, in a moment collected his wits and nominated McGowan. This man Broderick declared that he knew and recognized as a delegate, but the other he did not know and could not recognize, pronouncing his seat contested. His right to decide a matter of this kind was denied; and the friends of McDougal putting the motion declared it carried, and hurried him forward toward the chair. McGowan was also declared chosen, and borne up- ward upon the platform. Soon the two were seated side by side, each playing his part as chairman. This duplex administration was as exciting as it was annoy- ing, pistols being freely brandished on both sides. But yet more mad must these men become before the gods should destroy them, for no blood was shed, although the explosion of a pistol nearly brought on a catastrophe.

After a trying session which lasted until darkness fell, during which mutual accusations, confessions, and defiances were hotly interchanged, and during which the trustees and pastor of the church vainly implored the convention to leave the sacred edifice which their conduct desecrated, a temporary truce was obtained, and the two chairmen left the church, which the trustees would not suffer to be lighted, arm-in-arm, to meet upon the same platform no more that year. The church was closed against them, and next day sepa- rate halls were obtained for the two factions. The only subject touched upon during the afternoon ses- sion of the 18th, not of a personal or factional char- acter, was when William Walker, the filibuster, and a

taining Broderick. Among the 30 men who pressed forward to the platform were, he says, Maj. Bidwell, Judge Terry, Sam Brooks, William G. Ross, Maj. Hook, Ben Marshall, G. W. Coulter, W. A. Nunally, Charles S. Fair- fax, V. E. Geiger, Jo Mckibben, M. Taliaferro, Maj. Solomon, and George S. Evans. Broderick and Gwin, 92.

IIIST. CAL., VOL. VI. 44

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Broderick man, uttered freesoil sentiments, McAlpin, on the Gwin side, declaring that no freesoil or aboli- tion men should be permitted to sit in democratic councils.

When the division had been made, it was found that the anti-Broderick convention was most com- plete. It nominated for congressmen James W. Den- ver and Philip T. Herbert. The Broderick faction nominated James Churchman of Nevada, and renomi- nated James A. McDougall. The whigs who met in state convention on the 26th, J. Neely Johnson, president, nominated Calhoun Benham-who during Buchanan's administration was United States district attorney for California, and during the civil war was arrested for treason, and confined in Fort Lafayette -- and G. W. Bowie, of southern proclivities, for con- gressınen.

When the election came on in September there was, as usual, a surprise. The whigs had confidently ex- pected to profit by the division among the democrats. But they were defeated, and the Gwin wing of the democratic party carried the election by 2,000 votes over them, and by 27,000 over the electionists, who had in all little more than 10,000 votes. There was small reason to be proud of their congressmen. Den- ver had already killed his man, as I have said; and Herbert slew an Irish waiter at a hotel when he went to Washington. We soberly begin to wonder, so familiar was murder to San Franciscans, that when after having been indicted by the grand jury of the District of Columbia and imprisoned, Herbert re- turned to this city, he was indignantly warned away by the public press. Denver fought for the union, and became a brigadier-general of volunteers. He was also governor of Kansas, and had the honor to have the capital of Colorado named after him.

Ballot-box stuffing was resorted to in San Fran- cisco at this election; but so far as I have found any evidence, it was in the interest of city officials. The

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KNOWNOTHING PARTY.

honorable Edward McGowan, judge and gentleman, a true law-and-order man, and model for aspiring politicians, was the one to offer bribes to corrupt the judges of election, who were instructed how to stuff the boxes. The legislature elect was believed to be so divided between the parties that in the senate, at the session of 1855, the Broderick men outnumbered the Gwin men by two votes, aggregating, however, on the democratic side 25, while the whigs were but seven. In the assembly the Gwin men numbered 31, and the Broderick men 14, while the whigs were 35 strong, showing that in some counties they had gained considerably at the last election. Three dis- tinct parties were recognized, under the names of electionists, anti-electionists-or as they were termed by some, bolters-and whigs. In joint convention there would be 43 anti-electionists, 28 electionists, and 42 whigs. It was seemingly in the power of the whigs to give the victory to either faction or to with- hold it, at the senatorial election of 1855.

And now fortune threw in Broderick's way an opportunity of opposing himself to the chivalry upon a national issue. This was the repeal by congress of the Missouri compromise bill. The north in the national legislature was gradually giving way before the continued assertions of the south that it was unfairly treated in the matter of the public lands. Certain whig leaders advocated the repeal of the re- striction of slavery in the territories north of latitude 36° 30'; but they were in the minority; and while they destroyed the whig party by this measure, they caused the organization of a new one upon its ruins-the native American or knownothing party. The com- plaint of the slave-holders and slavery extensionists was that the north encouraged immigration, and the population so acquired, anti-slavery in sentiment, filled up the new territories, acquiring title under the laws to land which belonged as much to the south as the

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POLITICAL HISTORY

north. There were many in the north no less inimi- cal to a foreign population, largely made up of a turbu- lent class, and very many of whom were of the catholic faith, which at bottom is opposed to republicanism. On this issue the north and south could unite, and did temporarily unite, for party purposes.

In San Francisco, and throughout California, there was a strong sentiment against foreigners, both from the southern point of view, and on account of the gold carried out of the country by foreign miners; conse- quently the San Franciscans were quick to adopt the doctrines of the native Americans, or knownothings, as the new party was named from the secrecy main- tained concerning the proceedings of its meetings, to which the public was not at first admitted. In a city made up largely of foreigners, the success of the party was something anomalous, but depended upon the hope that a reform was to be worked in the govern- ment. To the new party it was to be ascribed that the following of Broderick in 1854 was only 10,000. But it was also out of this turn in politics that he was to recover what he had lost.

When the senatorial contest again began in the legislature of 1855,17 the balloting opened February

17 The state senate in 1855 consisted of E. T. Burton, J. T. Crenshaw, Nevada; G. W. Colby, A. S. Gove, Sac .; S. Day, Alameda and Sta Clara; W. Flint, W. W. Hawkes, D. Mahoney, E. J. Moore, S. F .; A. French, C. W. Hook, G. D. Hall, B. T. Keene, El Dorado; J. C. Hawthorne, C. A. Tut- tle, Placer; H. P. Heintzelman, Sonoma and Marin; T. Kendall, J. W. Man- deville, Tuolumne; C. A. Leake, Calaveras; W. B. Norman, Calaveras and Amador; C. E. Lippincott, J. G. Stebbins, Yuba; W. H. McConn, San Joa- quin and Contra Costa; P. C. Rust, Yuba and Sutter; J. P. McFarland, Los Angeles; E. McGarry, Napa, Solano, and Yolo; J. A. McNeil, Mariposa; W. B. May, Trinity and Klamath; E. T. Peck, Butte; J. D. Scellen, Sierra; R. T. Sprague, Shasta; B. C. Whiting, Monterey. Prest, S. Purdy; prest pro tem., R. T. Sprague; sec., W. A. Cornwall, removed March 22d, and C. Dick- inson elected to vacancy; asst sec., C. Dickinson, succeeded by E. O. F. Has- tings, on promotion; enrolling clerk, J. H. Gardner; engrossing clerk, J. P. Van Hagen; sergt-at-arms, J. T. Knox; door-keeper, J. C. Newman. The assembly consisted of E. G. Buffum, J. Cammett, W. A. Dana, W. B. Far- well, H. B. Hasmer, E. W. Taylor, G. P. Johnston, W. Whitney, R. C. Rodgers, of S. F .; J. G. Brewton, P. L. Edwards, H. B. Merideth, J. R. Vinegard, Sac .; E. Bogardus, J. L. Boles, W. F. Cunningham, T. Foster, J. C. Johnson, J. N. Smith, H. McConnell, E. A. Stevenson, El Dorado; D. O. Adkinson, C. S. Chase, E. S. Gaver, W. Geller, Clayton, Yuba; M. Andrews, W. Carey, R. F. Gragg, T. Moreland, Placer; R. B. Sherrard, Sutter; N. C.

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17th, with 42 votes for Gwin, 12 for Broderick, 36 for P. L. Edwards (whig), 14 for McCorkle, 2 for McDougal, and 1 each for Heydenfeldt, Soulé, Sprague, and Bil- lings. Fifty-six votes were necessary to a choice. Thirty-eight times the convention balloted, with at no time any important loss or gain to its three principal candidates. Gwin and Edwards ran evenly ; Edwards, it was said, might have had the senatorship if he would have pledged certain federal offices to persons proposed to him for the places, which he refused. But Gwin could not get it, because Broderick's supporters were too well trained to go over to his rival for any cause. After the thirty-eighth ballot, the joint convention adjourned, and Gwin's seat in the United States senate was left vacant.

This humiliation of his enemy was not an empty triumph to Broderick. It gave him time, which was the important object. Gwin's defeat in convention balanced his of the previous year. He had the ad- vantage of being not too nice to descend to the man- agement of the primaries, where his early training made itself felt. To the wonder of his foes he was able, at the state convention of that year, to regain the control, and govern the nominations for the state of- fices. 18

Cunningham, W. T. Ferguson, Sierra; F. Amyx, E. R. Galvin, T. J. Oxley, J. M. Quin, Tuolumne; E. T. Beatty, J. Pearson, S. B. Stevens, T. W. Talia- forro, Calaveras; D. T. Douglass, T. J. Keys, San Joaquin; J. T. Farley, Amador; W. W. Jones, F. Mellus, Los Angeles; A. Wells, C. G. Lincoln, Butte; E. A. Rowe, Trinity; J. J. Arrington, Klamath; R. D. Aslıley, Mon- terey; E. M. Burke, T. C. Flournoy, Mariposa; H. M. C. Brown, E. H. Gay- lord, J. Knox, E. G. Waite, J. W. D. Palmer, J. Phelps, Nevada; H. P. A. Smith, Marin; N. Coombs, Napa; J. H. Updegraff, Yolo; J. Doughty, So- lano; W. Brown, Contra Costa; J. S. Watkins, Alameda; T. Baker, Tulare; H. Bates, Shasta; J. Cook, Stanislaus; J. M. Covarrubias, Sta Barbara; E. J. Curtis, Siskiyou; W. C. Ferrell, San Diego; W. R. Gober, C. T. Ryland, Sta Clara; W. J. Graves, San Luis Obispo; A. Kinney, Plumas; S. L. Mc- Cutcheon, Colusa; A. H. Murdock, Humboldt; J. Singley, J. S. Stewart, Sonoma; W. W. Stowe, Sta Cruz, speaker; J. J. Hoff, speaker pro tem .; J. M. Anderson, clerk; J. W. Scobey, asst clerk; C. Dannels, enrolling clerk; E. A. Kelly, engrossing clerk; B. McAlpin, sergt-at-arms; T. F. W. Price, door-keeper.

18 Some say that Broderick offered to merge the two state central con- ventions into one, with one half of each retained, the other half dropped, and the choice of chairman to be decided by a method of his own; and that his offer was accepted, though the other factions outnumbered his 4 to 1. The

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POLITICAL HISTORY.

For this there were other reasons besides Broder- ick's skill in managing the masses. The democratic party, which was largely made up of Irish and Ger- man naturalized citizens, felt itself insulted by the tone of the chivalry toward foreigners. The western men and northern democrats were offended at being made to bow to the southern democrats, and also that all the federal patronage was given to the needy south- erners, who crowded into place in California. Gwin had managed so adroitly in his public measures that he might have continued indefinitely in the senate, had it not been for his devotion to southern principles and southern men, to the complete ignoring of the north.19 But being somewhat sore on this ground, and remembering that Broderick was a northern man with anti-slavery principles, they rallied to his stan- dard in the state convention.

To whom could the anti-electionists appeal for pur- poses of retaliation, if not to the knownothings? To them they turned, and the result was a defeat of the democratic party at the general election, though they voted solid for Bigler for a third term,20 giving him

alternative he offered was relentless ever, and they knew him too well not to accept the terms. Broderick and Gwin, 103.

19 Hittell, in his Hist. S. F., 291, points out that S. W. Inge of Alabama, U. S. district atty for Cal., and Volney E. Howard of Texas, law agent of the land commission, had as members of congress voted against the admis- sion of the state, because by its constitution slavery was excluded; that Inge was succeeded by Della Torre of S. C .; that Judge Hoffman, who, as I have explained, was accepted by Gwin after he had quarrelled with Fillmore over his nomination of a whig to the place, was lowered by having a higher court placed over him, with Judge McAllister of Alabama presiding; and that the number of impecunions southerners of noted families provided for in the S. F. custom-houses, had given it the sobriquet of the Virginia poor-house. Frink, MS., 10, refers to the same exclusion of northern men from office in Cal.

23 Bigler came to Cal. with his wife and daughter in 1849, and as I have said, scorned not manual labor, although bred a lawyer. He was a good neighbor, and kind to strangers in sickness, of whom there were many at Sac. After his defeat in 1855 he resumed the practice of law. During Buchanan's administration he received an appointment as minister to Chile, returning at the close of his term to Cal. Pres. Johnson gave him an appointment to inspect for the U. S. the sections of the Pac. R. R. as it was completed; and also gave him the office of collector of internal revenue. He died at Sac. in Nov. 1871, aged 68 years. Sac. Report, Nov. 30, 1871; Sac. Bee, Feb. 8, 1873; Plumas (Quincy) National, Dec. 9, 1871; Placerville Democrat, Dec. 9, 1871; San Bernardino Guardian, Dec. 9, 1871; San Jose Mercury, Dec. 7, 1871; Solano Press, 1865, in Hayes' Coll., Cal. Notes, ii. 289; Tulare Times, Dec 16,

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BIGLER'S ADMINISTRATION.

46,220 votes; but the new party gave their candidate, J. Neely Johnson,21 51,157. It has been said that Estill, the governor's whilom chief friend, but with whom he had quarrelled on account of the state prison contract, had gone over to the knownothings with a following, in order to defeat Bigler; but Estill could not have carried 5,000 with him for any purpose.

The administration of Bigler brought forth no re- forms in the state's affairs. While his messages show that he was conscious of the corruption about him, while he could not have been ignorant of all that was unceasingly complained of in the public prints, he was unable to stem the tide of misrule. Over and over he advocated economy, and reprehended the criminal profligacy of the legislatures. But rather than lose his office he lent himself to schemes as crooked as any. Like the man who mortgages his farm to raise money with which to speculate in stocks, he endeavored to repair some of the state's losses by the beach and water lot extension, and by the recovery of escheated estates, of which there were manv 22 The money to

1871; Or. Statesman, Aug. 1868; San José Pioneer, Nov. 10, 1877; Gwin's Memoirs, MS., 71-3; Shuck, Representative Men, 47-62.

21 J. Neely Johnson was born in southern Ind., and came to Cal. overland in 1849, studying and practising law at Sac. He was industrious, and be- came both city and district attorney. Soon after the close of his term as gov. he settled in Carson, Nev., and had charge of the estate of Sandy Bowers «luring the absence of that wealthy ignoramus in Europe, growing rich out of the fees he charged. He was elevated to the sup. bench in Nev., and died in S. L. City in Aug. 1872. His wife, whom he married in 1852, was a daughter of J. C. Zabriskie, an eminent counsellor and compiler of the Land Laws, U. S. Oakland Transcript, Sept. 1, 1872; Watsonville Pajaro Times, Feb. 18, 1865; Carson State Reg., Sept. 1, 1872; S. F. Bulletin, Aug. 31, 1872; Sac. Union, Sept. 2, 1872; Placer Times, April 13, 1850; Hayes' Scraps, Cal. Notes. ii. 289; Brown's Statement, MS., 22.

22 The Leidesdorff estate, the estate of Augustus Decker and the Jacinto El Moro estates, worth at that time $2,500,000, were believed to have escheated to the state; but the governor's recommendation to take steps to secure them were unheeded. Ann. Mess., in Cal. Jour. Sen., 1855, 39. The legislature of 1856 passed an act relative to escheated estates, permitting aliens to inherit and hold property, if claimed within five years. When not claimed in that time the property was to be sold, and the money deposited in the state treasury; and if not claimed in five years to be placed to the credit of the school fund. Cal. Stat., 1856, 137-8. The Leidesdorff estate was claimed by Joseph L. Folsom, who purchased it of the heirs, the sup. court deciding in his favor. The Deske estate was also claimed by heirs in Prussia, and recovered. The El Moro case was dismissed, claimants having appeared. Thomas Hardy owned a Spanish grant of 6 square leagues, which was supposed to have es-

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POLITICAL HISTORY.

be derived from any of the plans for raising a revenue out of state property was for the purpose of paying debts which never ceased to accumulate. When the reform party threatened him, he grew querulous in his utterances; and in the struggle to redeem himself, lost the support of some of his political friends.

A measure frequently recommended by Bigler was the discontinuance of annual sessions of the legislature, and therewith the yearly expenditure of $300,000. The legislature of 1855 proposed amendments to the constitution, making the sessions of that body biennial, the next legislature to be elected in 1857, to meet in January 1858, with other regulations connected with the change. Another proposed amendment provided for submitting to the people the question of altering the entire constitution, with the manner of conducting an election on this subject. Still another amendment proposed an oath to be subscribed to by senators and assemblymen, that since the adoption of such amend- ment they had not sent or accepted a challenge, or fought a duel, or assisted or advised others in duel- ling. The first and the third of these were not con- sidered worthy of notice, and were probably intended to carry the second; for the legislature of 1856, com- posed largely of southern knownothings, agreed only to this one, and passed an act submitting the question of amending the manner of calling for a constitutional convention to the people at the next general election. The people voted in favor of the amendment, but no call was made under it at that time.

The legislature of 1855 also passed an act concern- ing senatorial elections, to the effect that all regular elections for United States senators should be held "after the first day of January next preceding the

cheated, but it was taken possession of by virtue of a pretended administra- tor's sale. The estate of James Beckett was claimed by his widow. The aggregate amount of all this property was estimated at several millions. The legislature appropriated $30,000 for the prosecution of these cases, which was divided among the lawyers, the state gaining nothing. Rept of Atty-Gen., in Cal. Jour. Sen., 1856, 189-91.

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. commencement of the term to be filled,23 and all special elections at any session at which a vacancy or execu- tive appointment should be reported by the governor; a majority of all the votes given being necessary to an election, and the presence of a majority of all the members of the senate and assembly required. As the senatorial contest would be renewed at the next session, it was well to have an understanding of the law on the subject.

The knownothing party at the opening of 1856 had every prospect of electing a senator to succeed Gwin; there were three candidates, either of whom possessed much personal popularity; namely, H. A. Crabb of San Joaquin, E. C. Marshall, and Ex-governor Henry S. Foote of Mississippi, who like the rest of the gov- erning race had come to California to find an office of honor and profit. The two latter were democrats, who had joined the knownothings for no other purpose than to gain place and power. They had yet to learn that there were many more deserters from the demo- cratic ranks, who like themselves owed only a fictitious allegiance to the new party. In the assembly elected by the knownothings, there were those who needed not much persuasion to betray the new leaders. In short, a party made of the discontented of two organ- ized and trained parties could not be expected to hold together a moment after any material inducement was offered them to return their former faith.

The law required that "on such a day as might be agreed to by both houses" they should meet, and by joint vote proceed to the election of a senator; but there was nothing in it compelling them to agree, or to go into an election. Both Broderick and Gwin had among the knownothings old followers whose habits of obedience were second nature, and to these they appealed to prevent an election. They were saved

23 This, says Tuthill, was to keep Weller's seat open for a democrat. Hist. Cal., 424; Ryckman, MS., 18-20.

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POLITICAL HISTORY.

all anxiety by the knownothing legislature, which did not go into joint convention 24 on a senatorial election.

Foote had been nominated in caucus, but Wilson Flint, democrat, of San Francisco, who was opposed to Broderick on the senatorial question at the previous session, defeated the motion for convention in the senate, on the ground that Foote was a pro-slavery politician who would never have come to California except to obtain office. In this action he was governed by his own convictions, but approved and encouraged by Broderick, to whom he went with the matter. According to Flint's testimony, given in 1860, at a dinner of the republican members of the legislature, he said to Broderick that, feeling as he did about

24 The senate of 1856 was composed of W. Flint, F. Tilford, W. W. Hawkes, W. J. Shaw, S. F .; W. I. Ferguson, A. S. Gove, Sac .; J. C. Haw- thorne, C. Westmoreland, Placer; W. C. Burnett, P. C. Rust, Yuba and Sutter; H. M. Fiske, A. French, G. W. Hook, J. G. McCallum, El Dorado; D. R. Ashley, Monterey and Sta Cruz; E. F. Burton, E. G. Waite, Nevada; S. Bynum, Napa, Solano, and Yolo; J. D. Cosby, Trinity and Klamath; D. Crandall, W. B. Norman, Calaveras and Amador; S. Day, Alameda and Sta Clara; S. H. Dash, Shasta and Colusa; H. P. Heintzelman, Sonoma, Marin, etc .; C. E. Lippincott, Yuba; W. H. McCoun, Contra Costa and San Joa- quin; J. B. McGee, Butte and Plumas; J. A. McNeil, Mariposa; J. D. Scel- len, Sierra; B. D. Wilson, San Diego, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino. Prest of the senate, R. M. Anderson; prest pro tem., D. R. Ashley; sec., W. Bausman; asst sec., R. Biven; enrolling clerk, A. E. Waite; engrossing clerk, W. Miller; sergt-at-arms, J. W. Ross; door-keeper, J. McGlenchy. The assembly was composed of J. Ewalt, J. George, T. Gray, H. Hawes, N. Holland, B. S. Lippincott, E. W. Moulthrop, S. A. Sharp, H. Wohler, S. F .; G. H. Cartter, G. Cone, G. W. Leihy, J. N. Pugh, Sac .; J. Borland, E. Bowe, S. T. Gage, T. D. Heiskell, J. W. Oliver, W. H. Taylor, L. S. Welsh, J. D. White, El Dorado; T. H. Reed, S. Sellick, L. Stout, R. L. Williams, Placer; J. W. Hunter, B. S. Weir, San Joaquin; V. G. Bell, S. W. Boring, D. Dus- tin, T. B. McFarland, G. A. F. Reynolds, Nevada; J. Dick, Butte; R. B. Sherrard, Sutter; J. T. Farley, G. W. Wagner, Amador; T. C. Brunton, M. McGehee, T. J. Oxley, J. T. Van Dusen, Tuolumne; A. J. Batchelder, J. Shearer, J. Sterritt, R. M. Turner, W. B. Winsor, Yuba; H. A. Gaston, A. A. Hoover, Sierra; R. C. Haile, Napa; A. R. Andrews, Shasta; W. McDon- ald, Klamath; E. J. Curtis, Siskiyou; R. Swan, Tulare; T. W. Taliaferro, E. T. Beatty, Calaveras; R. B. Lamon, G. H. Rhodes, Mariposa; E. J. Lewis, Colusa; G. R. Brush, Marin; J. M. Covarrubias, Sta Bárbara; J. J. Kendrick, San Diego; J. L. Brent, J. G. Downey, Los Angeles; A. M. Castro, San Luis Obispo; R. L. Matthews, Monterey; W. Blackburn, C. Davis, G. Peck, Sta Clara; E. Bynum, Yolo; J. C. Callbreath, Stanislaus; T. M. Coombs, Ala- meda; H. G. Heald, J. S. Rathburn, Sonoma; R. C .. Kelly, J. Winston, Plumas; A. R. Meloney, Contra Costa; C. S. Ricks, Humboldt; A. M. Ste- venson, Solano; W. W. Upton, Trinity. Speaker, J. T. Farley; speaker pro tem., T. B. McFarland; chief clerk, J. M. Anderson; asst clerk, A. M. Hay- den; enrolling clerk, J. Powell; engrossing clerk, T. Moreland; sergt-at-arms, E. Gates; door-keeper, J. D. G. Quirk. Cal. Reg., 1857, 191.

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History of California, Volume VI, Part 78

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe Publication date: 1885-1890 Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers Number of Pages: 816

Author: Bancroft, Hubert Howe
Publication date: 1885-1890
Publisher: San Francisco, Calif. : The History Company, publishers
Number of Pages: 816