USA > Massachusetts > Plymouth County > West Bridgewater > Town annual reports of the selectmen, overseers of the poor, town clerk, and school committee of West Bridgewater for the year ending 1950-1954 > Part 33
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Attention to the consuming public is also given to permit part- nership between farmer and consumer to be mutually beneficial. In addition to the staff of County Extension workers, hundreds of volunteer leaders extend the teaching of agents by publicizing, teaching and demonstrating to others in their community the prac- tices they have learned.
A Board of 9 Trustees appointed by the County Commis- sioners administer the Extension Service programs. The Trustees are as follows:
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Stafford Johnson, Bridgewater, Chairman; Lloyd A. Hath- away, Abington, Vice Chairman; Mrs. Harold D. Bent, Brockton; Mrs. William P. Suzan, Mattapoisett; Joseph Teeling, North Mid- dleboro; Robert B. Bowler, Plymouth; Ralph McIlvana, Plymp- ton; Mrs. Roy Puddington, Hanson; Gilbert Beaton, Wareham.
The staff of the Extension Service is as follows:
JOSEPH T. BROWN, COUNTY AGENT-MANAGER
AGRICULTURAL DEPARTMENT
Dominic A. Marini, Assistant County Agricultural Agent Edgar W. Spear, Associate County Agricultural Agent
HOME DEMONSTRATION DEPARTMENT
Beatrice I. White, Home Demonstration Agent
Betsey D. Pool, Assistant Home Demonstration Agent
4-H CLUB DEPARTMENT
Robert B. Ewing, County Club Agent
Nancy E. Tucker, Assistant County Club Agent
January 13, 1954
FENCE VIEWING COMMITTEE
To the Honorable Board of Selectmen:
We herewith submit our report for the year 1953.
The fence viewing committee was called upon twice during the year 1953. One case being within the jurisdiction of the committee was settled amicably. The other case upon investigation was found to be outside the jurisdiction of the committee and was therefore not given consideration by the committee.
Respectfully submitted,
WILLIAM E. TURNER, Chairman FRANCIS W. LABRACHE JOSEPH SHARCUNAS
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TRUSTEES OF THE PUBLIC LIBRARY
TRUSTEES
Elected
Term Expires
Dorothy Freeman
1951
1954
Allen B. Foye
1951
1954
Martha B. Mason
1952
1955
Stanley Carlson
1953
1955
Jane Bartlett
1953
1956
Winfield C. Leavitt
1953
1956
BOOK COMMITTEE
Martha B. Mason
Dorothy Freeman
Jane Bartlett
Stanley Carlson
Executive Officer
Winfield C. Leavitt
Treasurer
Martha B. Mason
Submitted by,
JANE BARTLETT
Secretary
To the Trustees of the West Bridgewater Public Library:
I submit the report of the library activities for 1953.
We have had a busy year and note especially the more fre- quent use of the reference room by the high school scholars and the students and faculty of Howard Seminary; books added to the reference room have been the new 3 volume set of the Merriam Webster International Dictionary and the 1953 Americana Annual. We are pleased, at any time, to welcome teachers with students as a group or leaders of young peoples' organizations to explain the functions of the library.
Although the circulation for the elementary school reading has dropped slightly, it is gratifying to note the figures for sec- ondary circulation has almost doubled.
85
We were unable to attend the meetings of the Old Colony Library Club, with which we are affiliated, but received the reports of the meetings. The librarian attended a Book Saver Workshop at State Teachers College, a demonstration on the technique of mending books and binding magazines.
The staff was the guest of the West Bridgewater-Raynham Teachers' Association at their 3 day Work-shop in September and benefited by their meetings, especially the day the sessions were devoted to reading.
We have had splendid book gifts. Besides individual books and magazines from library friends, we had 30 non-fiction from the Rev. Warren Goddard; 300 books from the library of Mr. E. Mar- ian Roberts; Mr. Roberts gave us permission to do as we wished with duplicates of any the library possessed, so we presented about 100, mostly historical fiction, to Mr. Moss for the high school li- brary. An Anonymous friend has given us from time to time, through the year, new fiction; a total of 50 books.
We have borrowed from the State Library for a local Reading Group and have issued inter-library notes to the Brockton Library for non-fiction which we did not have.
Under improvements, the front steps were painted and 4 more Steel Book Case Sections were purchased.
We had one change in the staff personnel. We were sorry to have the resignation of Mrs. Dorothy Williams, who so efficiently took care of the cataloging and files.
We thank our trustees for their continued council and help in our problems.
Respectfully submitted,
JEAN M. MURDOCK Librarian
STATISTICS
Adult fiction 7,131
Adult non-fiction
1,737
Juvenile fiction
5,398
86
Juvenile non-fiction
1,173
Bound magazines
11
15,450
Monthly magazines
2,514
Total
17,964
SCHOOL CIRCULATION
Elementary fiction
1,691
Elementary non-fiction
416
Pictures and pamphlets
90
Total
2,197
Secondary fiction
634
Secondary non-fiction
684
Magazines and pamphlets
77
Total
1,395
Total elementary
2,197
Total secondary
1,395
School Total
3,592
Books Added by Purchase:
Adult
242
Juvenile
114
Total
356
One 3 volume set Webster's New International Dictionary
SCHOOL BUILDING COMMITTEE
The committee appointed by the Moderator in 1950 to super- vise construction of the new Elementary-Junior-Senior High School Building is still active, despite the fact that the building has been occupied by the school department since September, 1952.
87
During 1953, with the cooperation of the Town Accountant, all contracts, bills and other documents pertaining to the project were placed in order and forwarded to the State School Building Assistance Commission for approval. We anticipate that the State's share of the cost of this construction will be in the neighborhood of 50%; also, that approval of the project will be forthcoming before the Annual Meeting in March, 1954, which should mean that a check for three payments of the State's share, representing three annual payments retroactive to the date of the bond issue, August 1950, will have been received by the Treasurer before the Annual Meeting. This most welcome check should be in the sum of ap- proximately $100,000.00. Each year for twenty years, dating from 1950, the State should remit approximately $33,000.00 as their share in the cost of construction. The Town will appropriate an- nually an amount to cover the entire payment of principal and interest, the State's share reverting to the Town's Excess and De- ficiency Fund each year, to be appropriated by the voters at a later date.
The Committee is also concerning itself with certain conditions in the roof of the building which have not proved entirely sat- isfactory. Also, the condition of the athletic field requires further attention.
When all contracts have been completed to the satisfaction of the Committee, a final report will be made to this effect at a Town Meeting, and the Committee will be thereby discharged automatically.
JOHN C. ELDRIDGE, Chairman ROGER H. BURRILL, Secretary ALLAN FOYE EARL GIFFORD JULIAN LUCINI CLIFFORD CARLSON WARREN ANDERSON ROYAL SNELL CHARLES ENSHER
88
SCHOOL SURVEY COMMITTEE
The School Survey Committee was appointed by the Town Moderator in accordance with the provisions of a special article voted at the Annual Town Meeting in March, 1953. The Com- mittee was authorized to study the elementary school housing sit- uation and report its findings at the Annual Meeting in March, 1954.
The Committee studied an analysis of previous school enroll- ment, birth rate, marriage rate and number of assessed dwellings in the town, figures being taken from the various town reports and from the records of the Town Clerk for a period extending back to 1929.
The Committee agrees that it is of no value to attempt a fore- cast beyond a period of five years. In addition, many external fac- tors could well combine to produce a greater need than the mini- mum need expressed in this report. The eventual completion of the Fall River Expressway will place West Bridgewater within easy reach of Boston, and will convert the present semi-rural town into a suburban town. The marriage rate and the birth rate continue to increase and there seems to be no indication of a decrease. The conclusions reached in this report are based on no increase in births and marriages, but rather a steady birth and marriage rate equal to the 1952 rates.
Including the most recent figures on school enrollment, dated October 1, 1953, the following Projection of Future Classroom Re- quirements was made:
(See chart accompanying this report )
It was generally agreed, after consultation with the school de- partment, that the only alternative to new school construction is double sessions. Double sessions will be necessary within two years, and possibly within one year, regardless of any steps taken to pro- vide new facilities within that time.
The following is the Committee's recommendation - a mini- mum of thirteen additional classrooms will be needed by Septem-
89
ber 1958. The voters of the town are referred to a special article in the warrant of the Annual Town Meeting dealing with the estab- lishment of an Elementary School Building Committee to study preliminary plans for a new Elementary School.
The Committee also recommends that a five-year projection of future classroom requirements be made each year as of October 1.
ALLEN FOYE FRANCIS D. HOWE ARVIN PHILIPPART
ROGER H. BURRILL
BURT L. MERRILL, Superintendent of Schools ALFRED GAMBAO, Committee Secretary JULIAN E. LUCINI, Committee Chairman
Projection of Future Classroom Requirements
ADD'L
GRADES
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1 1
12
TOTAL NEEDED
Sept. 1954
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
36
3
Sept. 1955
4
4
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
2
39
6
Sept. 1956
4
4
4
4
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
42
9
Sept. 1957
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
3
44
11
Sept. 1958
4
4
4
4
4
4
4 4
4
4
3 4
3
3
46
13
October 20, 1953
JULIAN E. LUCINI, Chairman School Survey Committee
ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
AND
Superintendent of Schools
OF THE TOWN OF
WEST BRIDGEWATER
G
EST
MASS.
/656
INCORP
PULPIT ROCK
ORPORATED
FEB. 16. 1822
FOR THE YEAR 1953
DORR'S PRINT SHOP BRIDGEWATER, MASSACHUSETTS
92
MEMBERS AND ORGANIZATION OF THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE
Erland W. Thayer, 16 Union Street
Broc. 8-1402-W Term Expires 1955
John C. Eldridge, 13 Hillside Avenue Term Expires 1956
Broc. 7521-M
Charles Ensher, 700 West Center Street Term Expires 1956
Broc. 383W-1
Thomas F. Kemp, 17 Emerson Avenue
Broc. 7461
Term Expires 1955
George Noonan, 31 Crescent Street Term Expires 1954
Broc. 1971-R
Harry Richardson, 320 Walnut Street
Broc. 459M-1
Term Expires 1954
SCHOOL COMMITTEE MEETINGS
Second Monday Evening of each month at 7:45 o'clock at the new school.
SUPERINTENDENT Bert L. Merrill
Office: New School Broc. 5094
Residence: 434 Ash Street, Brockton Broc. 4428
Conference by appointment
CLERK
Mildred A. Ball, 61 Howard Street Broc. 9247-W
Office Hours: New School
Monday through Thursday, 8:30-5:00 Friday, 8:30-4:00
SCHOOL PHYSICIAN
Dr. Joseph Calitri, M.D. 17 Central Square
Broc. 678
SCHOOL NURSE
Lillian M. Hewitt, R.N. Taunton 4-8864
No. Main Street, Raynham Center
93
ATTENDANCE OFFICER
Douglas Eaton
Broc. 3410
18 Central Square
SCHOOL CALENDAR FOR 1954-1955
Schools open, Wednesday September 8, 1954
Columbus Day, Tuesday October 12, 1954
Plymouth County Teachers' Convention, Friday, October 29, 1954
Armistice Day, Thursday
November 11, 1954
Thanksgiving Recess:
Schools close noon, Wednesday
November 24, 1954
Schools reopen, Monday
November 29, 1954
Christmas Vacation:
Schools close noon, Wednesday
December 22, 1954
Schools reopen, Monday
January 3, 1955
Winter Vacation:
Schools close, Friday
February 18, 1955
Schools reopen, Monday
February 28, 1955
Spring Vacation:
Schools close, Friday
April 15, 1955
Schools reopen, Monday
April 25, 1955
Good Friday
April 8, 1955
Memorial Day, Monday
May 30, 1955
Schools close, Friday
June 24, 1955
NO-SCHOOL INFORMATION
The policy of the School Department is to hold school on stormy days. The decision as to whether or not a child should at- tend school will be left to the discretion of the parent. In extremely bad weather when it is deemed wise to have no school, such notice will be broadcast over WBET, Brockton between 7 and 8 A.M. and between 11 and 12 noon. Fire alarm signals will be as follows:
1 long - 2 short blasts of the fire alarm at 7 A.M., no school grades 7-12 inclusive. 1 long - 2 short blasts of the fire alarm at 7:15 A.M., no school for grades 1-6 inclusive. 1 long - 2 short blasts of the fire alarm at 11 A.M., no school for grades 1-6 inclusive.
94
SCHOOL MEMBERSHIP - OCTOBER 1, 1953
ELEMENTARY
1
2
3
4
5
6
TOTAL
Center
64
61
125
Sunset Avenue
51
36
32
119
New School
65
88
101
80
334
TOTAL
115
97
97
88
101
80
578
7
8
9
10
-
12
High School
77
62
76
67
49
25
356
TOTAL HIGH AND ELEMENTARY
934
CENSUS REPORT
Distribution of minors, October 1, 1953:
5 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER AND UNDER 7
7 YEARS OF AGE OR OVER AND UNDER 16
Boys
91
408
Girls
104
409
Total
195
817
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
1. Administration:
1953 BUDGET $7,900.00
1953 SPENT $7,699.97
2. Instruction:
Salaries
124,380.00
126,596.74
Textbooks
2,100.00
2,891.53
Supplies
5,800.00
5,392.52
3. Operation:
Jan. Salaries
14,050.00
13,958.06
Fuel
8,400.00
4,710.37
Lights, Water, Gas,
7,000.00
9,332.88
Janitors' Supplies
3,200.00
2,640.78
4. Maintenance:
5. Auxiliary Agencies:
Health:
2,255.00
2,306.23
Transportation:
14,000.00
14,018.26
Tuition:
2,500.00
2,017.05
Insurance:
200.00
183.39
Miscellaneous:
150.00
120.98
95
6. Capital Outlay:
3,297.00
3,360.89
7. Vocational Education: Refunds
3,700.00
3,723.24
26.97
TOTALS
$198,958.97
$198,952.89
REIMBURSEMENTS 1953:
Chapter 70
42,611.59
Household Arts-Vocational
1,658.97
Superintendent's Salary and Travel
2,518.47
Transportation
9,396.88
Tuition & Transportation (Vocational)
1,209.84
State Wards
1,079.08
Wards of City of Boston
1,030.92
Total Reimbursements
$59,505.75
Total Expenditures
198,952.89
Net Operation Cost for 1953
$139,447.14
DIRECTORY OF TEACHERS
Teacher
School
High
High
High
Social Subjects Practical Arts
Elliott Hawkes, B.S. Marietta Kent, B.S.
High
High
Social Subjects
Frances McKernan, A.B.
High
Social Subjects
William Henry Moss, B.S., M.A.
High
English, Ass't Prin.
University of Mass .; Boston University
Veronica Nelson, B.S.
High
Girls' Physical Ed.
Walter Pauli, B.S., Ed.M.
High
Boys' Physical Ed.
Olivia Pearson, A.B.
High
English
William Rathbun, B.S. ed.
High
Art
Janice Rylander, A.B.
High
Languages
Sarah Shukis, B.S., M.C.S.
High
Commercial
Stuart Tower, A.B., Ed.M.
High
Social Subjects
Evelyn Viens, B.S.
High
Home Economics
Roger Viens, A.B., M.A. in cd.
High
Sciences
James Wright, B.S. ed.
High
Commercial
Margaret Boynton, B.S. in cd. Thelma Cook
Elem.
Grade 4
Elem.
Grade 4
Ethel Marr
Elem.
Grade 3
Preparation St. Anslem; Harvard Florida Southern College; Bridgewater Teachers Bates College Fitchburg State Teachers College; Boston Univ. Springfield College; Univ. of Mass .; Penn State Gorham State Teachers; Boston University Bridgewater Teachers Bridgewater Teachers; Boston University Boston University
96
Upsala College; Harvard School of Museum of Fine Arts; Tufts
Boston University Boston University
Emerson; Boston Univ .; Colorado State
Framingham Teachers Clark University; Boston University Boston University
No. Adams State Teachers College Castine North Adams
Peter J. Sperandio, A.B., Ed.M. Thomas Armstrong, B.S.
Janice L. Butram, B.A. Anthony V. Cipriano, B.S., Ed.M. Justin Cobb, B.S., Ed.M.
I ligh
High
General Science
High
Subject or Grade Principal Mathematics
Industrial Arts Mathematics
Albert Kicrnan, B.S., Ed.M.
Sargeant College
University of Indiana; Boston University
'T'eacher George Monk, B.S. Mary Nelson, B.S. in ed. Anne O'Keefe
School
Subject or Grade
Preparation Salem Teachers
Elem.
Grade 5
Elcm.
Grade 3
Bridgewater Teachers
Elem.
Grade 5
Bridgewater Teachers
Edith Smith
Elem.
Remedial
Bridgewater Teachers
Emma Taylor
Elem.
Grade 4
Bridgewater Teachers
Myrtle Ryan
Elem.
Grade 5
Eastern State Normal
C. Lenore Blumberg
Elem.
Principal, Grade 2
Concord Training School Castinc
Ellen Leavitt Gladys Freeman Mildred Metcalf
Elem.
Grade 2
Elem.
Grade 1
Bridgewater 'Teachers
Elem.
Grade 1
Lesly
Marguerite Shurtleff Harold Dunn, B.S. ed.
Elem.
Grade 6
Keene
Elem.
Grade 6
No. Adams 'Teachers; Bridgewater Teachers
Elizabeth Nelson
Elcm.
Principal, Grade 1
Bridgewater Teachers
Geneva Garvey, B.S.
Elem.
Grade 1
Framingham Teachers; Bridgewater Teachers
Catherine Dobrien, B.S.
Elem.
Grade 2
Bridgewater Teachers
Maric Sullivan, B.S. ed.
Elem.
Grade 3
Bridgewater Teachers
Marjorie Hayward, B.M., Ed.M.
Music Supervisor
N.E. Conservatory of Music; Boston University; Bridgewater Teachers
James Kissell, B.S., Ed.M. All
Guidance Director
Boston College; Boston University
97
98
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
To the Citizens of West Bridgewater:
During the year 1953, several changes occurred in the person- nel of the school committec. Mr. James Kehoc retired from com- mittec work after many years of service. In recognition of this, Mr. Kehoc was presented a gavel as a memento at a meeting of the committee previous to his retirement. The new members, clected by the Town, included Mr. George Noonan, to fill the un- expired term of Earl Gifford and Mr. John Eldridge to fill the position left vacant by James Kehoe. At the reorganization meet- ing, Mr. Erland Thayer was elected chairman for the year 1953 and Mr. Thomas Kemp and Mr. Harry Richardson were elected to serve on the West Bridgewater-Raynham Union Committee.
As of October 1953 school census, pupil enrollment in West Bridgewater was 934 or an increase of 54 pupils over the similar count taken in 1952. This population completely fills the school buildings, considered safe and adequate, and with the enrollment continuing to increase, housing becomes more of a problem. This has required serious consideration by the committee as to various methods for the relief of the housing problem during the follow- ing year. Of all the methods proposed, double sessions appeared to be the solution of the difficulty until such time as more classrooms are made available. These sessions will be inaugurated in the school ycar of 1954-55 in the first and second grades with the need to ex- pand this program to higher grades, dependent upon the ability of the town to provide additional classroom space in the near future. The committee appreciates the awareness of the townspeople to this situation and further appreciates the active interest shown by the Parent Teachers Associations and others in this problem.
The new school building has provided the most comprehen- sive educational program yet enjoyed by the children of West Bridgewater. The building planned by the School Building Com- mittee to be of functional design for low cost operation definitely proves the benefit of careful planning. Specifications of this build- ing, to satisfy contracts, have in general been fulfilled. However, it has been the duty of this school committee to initiate certain steps to protect the town's interest regarding satisfactory completion of
99
three contracts. The most serious of these involves the falling of pitch from the slab construction of the roofing areas in the gym- nasium, the corridor off the gymnasium, the shop, the mechanical drawing room, the cafeteria, kitchen and the library. This has been an annoying condition requiring continual attention. The second contract involves the outside roofing. Numerous roof leaks from rain and snow keep developing. All of these have been constantly reported to the responsible parties with few corrections made to date even though this roof carries a bonded twenty-year guarantee. The third contract involves the athletic field in the rear of the ncw school. This has not been completed satisfactorily. Grading, re- seeding and general improvements are still needcd to put this field in shape for use.
The School Committee acting for the town of West Bridge- water formally accepted the new building on November 9, 1953. This was donc on advice of town counsel and set in motion, there- after, the State reimbursement to the town which would be applic- able to the next year's tax rate.
During the year it became increasingly evident that more usage of our now expanded school facilities created additional prob- lems for our custodians. Mr. Arvid Hagglund was appointed head custodian to supervise the work of all school custodians, determine the type and amount of work to be done by each in his respective school, and be responsible for the maintenance of all school prop- erty and buildings. The committee feels fortunate in having secured such an able staff and highly commends their efforts.
In conjunction with the Civil Defense Program, the school system was organized for maximum protection to the pupils, in the event of a national emergency. Emergency drills are conducted periodically in order that all may be alert in time of necessity.
New health regulations, as compiled by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, and which include periodical exam- ination of school children, were adopted by the committee as an assist in maintaining the relatively high state of well being and health among the pupils.
The committee approved the adoption of the minimum sal- ary rate for substitute teachers, following ten consecutive days of teaching, a rate as established by the State.
100
A standardized office folder was adopted for recording of in- dividual pupil data from grades seven through twelve. This was done in conjunction with the adoption of the A,B,C marking sys- tcm for the Junior-Senior High School pupils.
The committee is especially appreciative of the administrative work of Mr. Merrill and the cooperation of Mr. Sperandio and the entire teaching staff.
Respectfully submitted,
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
ERLAND W. THAYER THOMAS F. KEMP HARRY RICHARDSON CHARLES ENSHER JOHN C. ELDRIDGE GEORGE E. NOONAN
SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS
To the West Bridgewater School Committee:
Presented herewith is my fourth annual report as Superinten- dent of Schools for the year 1953.
Your Superintendent, Principals, and Teachers, are constant- ly alert to their responsibilities to help young people acquire ade- quate knowledge and skills needed for future citizenship in our community. Pupils in our classrooms today will govern the affairs of our community, State, and Nation tomorrow.
PERSONNEL
There have been few faculty changes during the past year. One resignation was received in June. Mr. Robert Firing resigned to accept a teaching position in Brockton.
Due to increased enrollment in the elementary grades it was
101
necessary to employ three additional teachers. They are Mrs. Ethel Marr, Mrs. Margaret Boynton, and Mrs. Mary Doyle, teachers of grades three, four, and five respectively. Mrs. Doyle was later granted a leave of absence due to illness. Mrs. Myrtle Ryan was ap- pointed to fill the position as a substitute.
Two new teachers were added to the Junior-Senior High School faculty. Mrs. Janice Butram was elected Social Studies teacher and Mr. Anthony Cipriano was elected a teacher of Indus- trial Arts.
When schools opened in September, Mr. Carl Hoyt was ap- pointed custodian of the front and rear Center Schools. Mr. John Gummow, a custodian in the new building, resigned to accept employment elsewhere. Mr. Gordon Ross was appointed to fill this position.
PROFESSIONAL IMPROVEMENT
The greatest asset to a school system is a well trained and able staff of teachers. We are fortunate in having teachers who are con- scientious and devoted to their work. Many have consistently im- proved themselves professionally. Five high school teachers were awarded their Masters' Degrees during the year. Five teachers took advanced educational courses for credit toward the Masters Degree. Six teachers successfully completed educational courses leading to a Bachelors Degree.
CURRICULUM
Greater emphasis has been placed on reading improvement and study skills the past year at all grade levels. We teach children to read with greater comprehension and interest. We realize that no two children are alike and therefore we provide for individual differences when necessary. All first grade children were given Reading Readiness tests when school opened. The tests revealed that a majority of them were ready to learn, while a few needed special help. These were tested individually and in most instances placed in the Remedial class for instruction. A child who does not understand the material he reads, needs to spend time to acquire social experiences to make reading meaningful.
Visual aids are used to supplement classroom instruction. A filmstrip machine and a moving picture projector have been pur-
102
chased, and are used in both elementary and high school classes. A library of filmstrips and films related to the Social Studies, Science, Mathematics, Modern Languages, and many other sub- jects, is being developed. Business concerns, the Red Cross, Safety organizations and many others prepare brochures, films, and film- strips for free distribution to teachers for classroom instruction.
Many teachers plan and conduct field trips to various industrial plants, museums, and trade and vocational schools to supplement subject matter taught in the classroom.
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