USA > Maryland > Annual report of the Society for the History of the Germans in Maryland, 1st-6th, Vol. 1-6 > Part 17
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"Now a word concerning the German element of Maryland. It is not of 'yesterday or day before yesterday,' but the German language was spoken on the Patapsco when the whoop of the Susquehannoughs was heard in the forests. Germans settled in Maryland toward the end of the seventeenth century, and Hagerstown bears the name of its German founder. When in 1730 Baltimore was founded J. Moale (Mohl), J. Fleming, Steiger, Engelhardt, Leizer were prominent landed proprietors, and in 1753 Gov. Sharpe found the main part of Baltimore's commerce to be in the hands of the Germans. The second church in Baltimore was a German church, and its location was the present building of the Y. M. C. A. Washington's purchasing agent was a Baltimore German - Jac. Kuhbord. A German (G. M. Meyer) built the first mill, and the Penn- sylvania German G. Barnitz the first brewery. When the Colonial Congress had to flee from Philadelphia a German of our city offered the Congress a hall. The first market was founded by two Germans-Keener and Hart. The German councilmember Lindenberger is the founder of our fire service.
"What the Germans accomplished in the war of 1812 is told us by the names of General Stricker and Colonel Armi- stead, not to mention the German Company of Baltimore Yaegers, under Capt. Sadler. The civil war has also given an opportunity to our countrymen to distinguish themselves, and the deeds of German regiments and battalions is graven on our tables of history. In commerce and industry the German element of Baltimore has played a leading part. Numerous are names of German merchants in the days of the revolution. In the directory of 1796, when Baltimore was not quite equal
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in population to the present city of Annapolis, we find 40 per cent of German names." The speaker then recited the names of many German firms of today, with existing industries started by Germans.
GREET FIRST THE STARRY FLAG.
EARLY IMMIGRATION, ITS RESULTS AND THE DUTIES OF TODAY.
DR. STEINER'S ADDRESS.
Dr. Lewis H. Steiner said: "We meet not as Germans merely, nor merely as German-Americans, but as those who claim to be American citizens, proudly owning the starry flag that waves over us as the ensign which is to us dearer than all the flags of the rest of the world. Our first salutation we give to the national flag. Under its folds we experience the protection that nowhere on the broad earth means so much to the law-abiding citizen -- the firm existence of liberty, freedom and equality.
"While thus proud of our American rights, we have a filial sense of loving duty towards the colors that once floated over our German ancestors - the black, red and gold - that meant so much to them, and under which they were fitted to leave home, with its endearing associations, carrying their house- hold gods and meagre household goods to a new country, to dig and delve, to build up new homes and raise up children who should perpetuate the virtues and stern characteristics of their fathers.
"Today we assemble to celebrate the founding of the first of the colonies which these glorious Germans established. Over two centuries have passed, and yet German-Americans are brought together to pay their earnest tribute of respect to those who made the pioneer settlement in Germantown. Mine is the pleasant task to direct your attention, first, to the peculiar character of that early immigration; second, to the present results of what, following the same lines, has made the Ger- man a potency of the highest order in every department of American endeavor, and third, to the duties which rest upon us as the descendants or followers of such magnificent leaders.
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"The motives were various which prompted the exodus from the fatherland not only of those who composed the Ger- mantown colony, but also of those who preceded them in time, constituting as it were, the advance guard of independent skirmishers, who went forth as the men of old sent abroad to spy out the land -- to see what the land is; whether it be fat or lean ; whether there be wood therein or not. These, how- ever, went forth self-commissioned, and, unlike their Hebrew prototypes, when they found resting places, with the attractions of fertile land and a genial climate, they built themselves houses with whatever building materials were most convenient, and straightway determined to renounce allegiance to all potentates whatever save those recognized by the new country; to make its people their people and its God their God. They returned not to make report of their discovery, but threw their lives, their souls and their energies into the country of their choice.
"Some came, doubtless, from religious motives. The right to worship God according to the dictates of their own conscience was interfered with in their old homes. When they reached the new home they raised their altars by their firesides for family worship and united with friends and neighbors to erect houses that could be used for religions instruction and divine service. They were not intolerant to others. Denomination after denomination held its own view, constructed its house of worship and adhered to its ritual, and in good brotherly spirit placed no obstacle in the way of others doing the same.
"They brought stout, sturdy arms and industrious habits; stern, unflinching honesty and strict sense of duty; no know- ledge or conception of luxury, and hence no thirst for its enjoyment; warm hearts and deep affections for family and friends and church. They were ideal pioneers. Such constituted the great majority of these immigrants and their immediate followers. They were not nobles, tracing lineage back to robber knights, but peasants and men mostly of what would be called low degree by the mighty of earth. They were ready to meet all the requirements of a new citizenship and to create a line of descent, ennobled by toil and earnest struggle, that could proudly boast of a nobility equal to any the world had ever known. Some few were occasionally to be found with them
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who had enjoyed such advantages of learning as existed in their native land, but who, casting their lot with the others, nobly struggled to aid their simpler and less educated brothers in all their undertakings as pastors, teachers, attorneys and scholars.
"Our records show that greed for office was not known by these simple-minded pioneers. They left to others struggles for public position. It was theirs to build homes, to make the desert to blossom and broad fields to groan under luxurious harvests, to raise up sturdy oxen and horses trained to aid in their daily labor rather than to win prizes for speed, which had no practical value in agricultural work. The time would come when the real necessities of the nation would call thent forth to participate in its minor offices, its legislative bodies, and even in the still higher executive functions of the state. And just here they furnished an example worthy of all com- mendation to any race or people that may start under adverse conditions to carve out a destiny for themselves. The chief duty is to make themselves first class citizens, to become a necessity to the communities in which they live, and then their part in the higher functions of government will define itself in such a way as to require their participation in public duties.
"As time passed by these pioneers began to show a strength of patriotism that was equal to any emergency. Their neigh- bors found that they could be depended upon in any position they might be placed. When their country called for aid in its struggle for freedom from an oppressive tyranny the Ger- mans seized arms and on many a field constituted living ramparts against the enemy's serried hosts. Is there a brighter example in our history than that furnished by the pious and learned German preacher who, after preaching a sermon full of patriotic appeals to his people to aid in the war against England, threw off his clerical gown and showed that beneath it he wore the continental uniform, declaring that the time for preaching was past and that for fighting had come? And the after record of Muhlenberg showed that he had the stuff of which heroes are made. The process of adoption and natural- ization is always accelerated when one takes up arms under the flag of a country in its defense. And this was the case with the early German immigrants.
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"The necessities of food, clothing and lodging having been provided for, our German-American began to participate in all the undertakings that contributed to make up the distinctive peculiarities of our cosmopolitan nation. His thoughtful brain, indefatigable industry and untiring perseverance were in demand on all sides. They, with their rugged honesty and innate con- tempt for shams and humbug, soon made him a power of first magnitude in the development of the resources and wealth of the country.
"Not satisfied with the field presented by the mechanic arts, he undertook new and as yet untried industries in this country and developed them to a high grade of perfection. He boldly entered the clerical and medical professions, mani- festing in these the power of a mind trained to observation, not addicted to rash conclusions. Law came to him as an attractive object of study. In realms of pure science, with its practical application, he was soon at home.
"He soon showed such ability, such speedily-acquired acquaintance with the art of war, that shoulder straps were won by honest military skill combined with personal bravery, and these were soon decorated by eagles and stars as designa- tions of his recognized military character. In war as well as in peace the German-American was true to his descent.
"With such a past and such a present, what duties rest upon those of us who claim to be Americans of German descent or German birth ? We have fallen heirs to a heritage of which any people may be justly proud. How shall we show ourselves worthy of it? Manifestly, by pursuing the lines laid down by our predecessors, by cultivating the virtues which they manifested, by proving ourselves above that which they des- pised. Let us not forget what we owe to the land upon which we live. Renouncing allegiance to all foreign monarchs and all foreign governments, we are called upon to strive that this shall advance still further on the way to the attainment of the highest form of perfection possible to human government. Let kings and emperors quarrel, let them involve their people in wars, let governments perish and on their ruins others arise. We have no right to participate in these contentions. These be the thoughts and the earnest determinations that we carry
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forth from this celebration. And so we shall have not assembled in vain, but have acquired fresh inspiration to do our duty as Americans and to act well the part which is allotted to us in the battle of life."
DETAILS OF THE PROCESSION.
THE SOCIETIES THAT WERE REPRESENTED. THE VARIOUS COMMITTEES.
The route of the procession was from Broadway Institute. Broadway, to Baltimore street, to Holliday, to Lexington, to Calvert, to Fayette, to North, to Baltimore, to Charles, to Washington Monument, to Madison, to Entaw, to the Concordia Opera House. The approach of the torches was announced by a large bell upon a wagon. Then came a squad of mounted policemen, and the first grand light wagon, from which Greek fire was burned. After these came the Great Southern Band and fifth Regiment Drum Corps; chief marshal, Col. II. C. Tieck ; chief of staff, Jacob Klein; assistant, F. Bauernschmidt : bugler, William Grunewald.
The active aides were: August J. Heise, Henry Merz, Jr .. John C. Becker, John C. Horstmeier, John E. Harting, Edward Duker, Gebhard Leimbach, Rudolph Vollmer, Charles H. Mueller, John Marsch, Louis Berner, Frdk. II. Leggemann, A. Danzeglock, Charles A. Lerian, Frank Steil, George C. Zeiser. John C. Greacen, Henry P. Duker, August Mueller, Edward Umbach, Harry Cox, Siegesmund Parton, G. Schweppe, Wm. Edell, L. Schneeberger, George Bauernschmidt, Jr., August Hengemihle, Perry Lee Downs, Henry Eppler, Andrew Muller, Wm. Muhl, George Leimbach, Chas. Quast, Capt. J. D. Barclay, Dr. Chas. Beck, Prof. Win. T. Auer, John W. H. Fry, Henry Bishop, A. C. Schmidt, Otto Hellwig, Edw. Stapf, Hermann E. Kluth, G. Louis Schroeder, Conrad Darsch, Louis Aull.
Surgeons, Drs. Amos L. Gage, John C. Hemmeter, J. C. Ohlendorf.
The honorary aides were: Chief, Henry A. Bosse; Charles Haake, A. A. Mogge, L. J. Ripple, W. J. Deimel, Frederick Rappe, August Bauernschmidt, Henry Lentz, John Schick. Hermann Kummer, Henry Bohn, F. J. Ripple, Lonis Helldor- fer, Louis Strassburger, Frank Helldorfer, Wm. Depkin, Mi-
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chael Ruck, G. W. Funk, N. Kohlerman, A. D. Klein, C. Mutschler, John H. Happel, John Schneider, John M. Witz- gall, Frank Mueller, Wm. Grunewald, P. Dannenfelser, H. D. Borcherding, Dr. C. W. Sandrock, John Schulz, L. P. Korn- mann, Philip Wolf, E. M. Singewald, Louis Griesman, G. W. Barranger, John Engroff, Julius Haas, Ernst Meinfelder, Robert Hetz, August Baungarten and John Weinhauser.
Carriages with the officers of the executive committee:
First carriage-Ernst Schmeisser and Isidor Loewenthal.
Second Carriage-George W. Gail and Dr. John Morris. Third carriage-Dr. Morris Wiener and Dr. L. H. Steiner.
Fourth carriage-Robert M. Rother, Prof. Otto Fuchs and Rev. E. Huber.
Fifth carriage-August Knaup and Frank Jaschik.
Then came members of the German Historical Society and the German Society of Maryland, in barouches, represented by C. W. Schneidereith, L. P. Hennighansen, Ed. F. Leyh and C. F. Raddatz.
The North German Lloyd Company was represented by Captain Wm. Kuhlmann and the officers of the steamer Rhine, in barouches, and by the crew, who marched.
Members of the Funken Society were on a gaily-decorated tally-ho.
FIRST DIVISION.
Marshal, Otto Ahrens : aids, J. E. Kempster, R. H. Wiesen- feld, Wm. Ashman, J. Castleberg, Dr. F. Moyer and A. Hereford.
Wilson Post Band.
Baltimore Liederkranz ; marshal, Henry F. Poske, 100 men on foot and in carriages. Two allegorical floats, escorted by members on foot and on horseback, dressed in ancient German costumes.
Harmonie Singing Society, 12 barouches and a large contin- gency on foot. American and German flags.
Band.
Germania Mænnerchor, Col. R. D. Boss, marshal, two decor- ated wagons, four baronehes, 20 mounted and 200 members on foot.
East Baltimore Liederkranz, 30 men on foot.
Frohsinn, 20 mounted men and others in two barouches.
Arbeiter Mannerchor, 74 men bearing grotesque torches. Arbeiter Liedertafel, 30 men.
Arion Singing Society, 100 men.
Orphens Mannerchor, four barouches.
Emmerton Band.
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Thalia Mænnerchor, Michael Schäfer, marshal, 75 men and one transparency.
Canton Mannerchor, 30 men, with a float representing "Germania."
Balto. Sængerrunde, Phil. Dannenfelser, adjutant, 26 men. Franz Abt Mannerchor, 24 men.
Gesangverein Eintracht, two baronches, followed by mem- bers on foot.
Aurora Quartett Club, 20 men, two barouches and one transparency.
German Orphan Asylum, directors in baronches.
German Home of the Aged, directors in four barouches.
Teachers in German schools, in baronches. Messrs. J. G. Wehage, C. F. Hessler, Chs. Laegeler, Otto Kimker, A. Herring, Lewis Krieger.
Baltimore Schützen Association, mounted marshals, Charles Decker, J. D. Heise, F. Brauer and II. A. Maarsch Jr. 24 men with targets, eight barouches and one float.
SECOND DIVISION.
Marshal, Capt. Michel Lotz. Assistants, Ant. Schalitzki, L. J. Ripple and JJohn Jacobs.
Ivanhoe Band.
Knights of St. Michael, 200 knights in full dress uniform. Order of Black Knights, Adjutant Herm. Kimmer, 250 uniformed knights.
Hoffman's Band.
Knights of St. George, 75 men in full uniform.
Pikesville Band.
St. Benedict Council, German Branch, C. B. L., Fr. Miller, marshal, with 75 men.
New Freedom Band.
Knights of St. l'hythias-Pythian, Monumental, Baltimore, Maryland, Steuben, Ivanhoe and Druid Lodges, Cracker Club and uniformed ranks.
Independent Drum Corps, 16 men.
Knights of St. Paul, 75 men.
Knights of St. Francis, 75 men.
THIRD DIVISION.
Marshal, Fred. Elenbrok. Aides, H. Hahn, L. Langmann, Geo. Mohr, Geo. Paulus, Wm. Beuchtel, Chs. Meyer, Jos. Kraus, P. Knatz Jr., Elmer Knatz, Aug. Stapf, Hv. Ekert, L. Glaser, J. Schalitzky, Hy. Haffer, Geo, Bechler, J. Bopp, Geo. Schäfer, Geo. Haffer, Wm. Zeiser and John Wunderlich.
Havre de Grace Cornet Band.
Independent Zion's Church, 12 barouches and 1 transparency. Zion's School, 6 barouches and 1 transparency.
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Henry Scheib Musical and Literary Association, 50 members dressed in the fashion of the German students.
German New Jerusalem Church, 4 bar. and 1 transparency. Drum Corps and Bund.
Societies of St. Alphonsus Church, J. A. Ostendorf, marshal, with 25 mounted aides, 500 men on foot, 25 barouches and one transparency.
Sauerwald's Band and Drum Corps.
Congregation of St. John's Germ. Lutheran Church 300 men.
Lyceum of St. Matthai's German Church, Charles Haacke, adjutant, 25 mounted aides, 100 men in line, two wagons with calcium lights.
Knapp's Institute, one barouche, with Profs. F. Knapp, T. B. Fox and Charles Volkmar.
Wagon with Greek fire.
FOURTH DIVISION.
Marshal, Henry Brehm. Aides, John T. Bauernschmidt, W. E. Bauernschmidt, Ph. Leydecker, H. P. Duker, J. Schrufer, J. Preisinger, R. Mempel, J. H. Horst, Hy. G. Bauernschmidt, Alx. Albrecht, J. Lenhoff, Geo. Wempe, C. Jurich, M. Zinkand, Ph. Leydecker Jr., Jos. A. Butt, A. Ford, Thomas B. Bourne, A. Zeller and George P. Carle.
Winter's and Weber's Bands.
Brewers' Exchange, 6 barouches and 300 men in line.
Brewmasters' Association, Adjutant Aug. Banernschmidt. three mounted men and four barouches.
Unkel Bräsig Vereen, 30 men in line, two barouches and one float.
Sauerwald's Band.
Tobacco Workers of G. W. Gail & Ax, 125 men. Drum Corps,
Turn - Verein Vorwärts, 50 men.
Turn -Verein Germania, 80 men and one float and three standard-bearers.
Sauerwald's Band No. 2.
Pyramid Club, 40 men.
Junior Pyramid Club, adjutant, Robert Hetz, 40 men.
FIFTH DIVISION.
Marshal, Geo. N. Flack. Aids, Louis Stalman, J. Bauer, George Hempel, Andrew Wolf, Adam Parr, Jos. Butt, B. Mayer, George J. Herbert.
Drum Corps and Band.
St. Jacob's Society, 75 mounted men, three transparencies and one float, representing St. Anthony's Orphan Asylum, (established 1835.)
Band.
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Knights of St. Jacob, uniformed, 200 men. . St. Michael's Society, 200 men.
SIXTH DIVISION.
Marshal, Nic. Tegges. Aids, F. L. Knell, G. Hohmann, Ph. Schmidt, Alex. Megary, And. Schmidt, Conrad Schuteberg, A. Jaeger und Charles Maasch.
Burgoyne's Band.
Baltimore Butchers, 300 mounted men. Dickinson's Band.
Stevedores' Beneficial Association, 200 men and 1 barouche. German Militair Society, 30 mounted men, one float.
Allgemeine Arbeiter Beneficial Association. 200 men.
Arbeiter Beneficial Association of East Baltimore, 50 men.
SEVENTH DIVISION.
Marshal, A. F. Sterger. Aides, Chas. Seybold, E. Joeckel, J. Heinemann, G. Schneider, G. Fraenk, A. Traube, J.W. Mann. C. Enler, P. Pabst, W. Leimbach, John Gropp, Fred. Schmitt, H. Schlimm, J. Will, Ang. Steiner, H. Leimbach, A. Sigelein, John Urban, Geo. Kohlhepp, Ph. Sonderman, Valentine Vogt. Union Bridge Band.
Trinity German Church, six mounted and 150 men on foot, · eight barouches and one decorated wagon.
Holy Cross Society, 150 men and four barouches.
Salem German Evangelical Church, four barouches.
German United Zion's Church of Canton, six barouches.
Fifth German Reformed Church, 15 mounted men and six barouches.
Drum Corps.
Steuben Council, American Legion of Honor, 30 men, four barouches and one transparency.
German United Church, 50 boys and three barouches.
Germania Council No. 786, 60 man, four barouches and one transparency.
Gustav Adolph Beneficial Society, Marshal H. D. Borcher- ding, 35 men.
Wright's Band.
Capt. D. Holljes Stevedores' Beneficial Association, 175 men and two allegorical floats.
EIGHTH DIVISION.
Marshal, Henry Schaefer. Aides, Geo. Ader, Chas. Grein, Frederick Litt g, August Uphof.
Naval Academy Band.
Cutters' and Trimmers' Assembly No. 7507, 400 men.
Germania Tailors' Association, 60 men.
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Maryland Lodge No. 523, German Order Harugari, 50 men and two barouches.
Dr. Martin Luther Beneficial Society, marshal, J. J. Schae- fer, 50 men.
Order of Good Brothers, W. Grunewald, adjutant; Schiller Lodge No. 19 ; Germania Lodge No. 24, 74 men.
Pittacus Lodge, Order of True Friends, J. H. Happel, ad- jutant, 36 men.
Pocahontas Lodge, Independent Order of Red Men, 30 men.
Goethe Council No. 682, 20 men.
Germania Lodge No. 31, 100 men.
Freundschafts - Bund No. 1, 20 men.
Freundschafts - Bund No. 2, 20 men.
Social Beneficial Association No. 1, 20 men.
Woodberry Cornet Band.
German-American Democratic Club of the Third Ward, 150 men and one decorated wagon.
German Democratic Club of the Tenth Ward, 100 men.
United German Beneficial Association, Dr. Win. Rickert, adjutant, 30 men and four barouches.
Urania Pleasure Club, 14 members, in a decorated omnibus drawn by four horses.
Bratwurst - Verein, two baronches.
La Mascotte Circle, 15 members, in a park phaeton.
German Branch of the Order of the Iron Hall, 4 barouches. Hessen - Darmstädter Verein, 10 barouches.
Order of the Sons of Liberty - Harmonie Lodge No. 4; Baltimore Lodge No. 10; Hermann Lodge No. 9, 225 men.
Band Wagon.
German Beneficial Society of Homestead, 10 barouches.
NINTH DIVISION.
Gardenville Cornet Band.
German-American members of the Grand Army of the Re- `public, 250 men.
German Landwehr Society, 100 men.
Sixth Ward German Democratic Club, 100 men ; and all German-Americans who do not belong to German societies.
PROMINENT GERMAN-AMERICANS.
Through the long line of the procession the transparencies were distributed in honor of prominent Germans, who have fig- ured in the history of their adopted country. The men so honored were :-
Augustin Hermann, a highly cultivated German from Bo- hemia, who, in the seventeenth century, farmed large lands in
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Cecil county, Md. One of his descendants to-day is ex-Secretary Bayard.
John Lederer, one of the earliest pioneers. He drafted a map of Maryland.
Christian Mayer, the great-great-great-grandfather of Presi- dent Chas. F. Mayer of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
Michael Tanner, a German in command of the Md. forces in the Maryland-Pennsylvania border war.
Amelung, the founder of the glass works in America. He established his glass factory in Maryland in 1718 on the Mono- cacy.
Rittenhouse, the founder of the first paper mill in America. near Philadelphia. The famous astronomer Rittenhouse is a descendant of this family.
Gartz and Leipold, founders of the first sugar refinery. They established the industry in Baltimore in 1796.
The first Bible printed in America was printed by a German in the German language at Philadelphia.
The Brooklyn Bridge, planned by a German engineer, Roebling.
The Sutro Tunnel, one of the greatest feats of engineering in the world, planned by a German.
Muhlenberg, the celebrated German general, was the Speaker of the first Congress of the United States.
Ilerkimer, Steuben and De Kalb, German generals in the revolutionary war.
Battle of North Point. - Gen. Stricker, a German, led the forces to check the British advance.
Fort McHenry .- Planned by Laudenslager, a highly-edu- cated German engineer.
Fort Mellenry .- Defended by Armistead, a descendant of German parents.
Dr. Kugler, a German physician and chemist, who intro- duced gas-works in America. He illuminated Baltimore by gas on April 1, 1814.
Druid Hill Park .- Planned and laid out by Faul, a German. German-American seulptors, Rhinehart and Kaiser.
Coast-survey, Hassler and Hilgard.
1861-1865 .- During these years more than 250,000 Germans fought in the civil war.
Lithography - Xylography .- Large industries advanced in America by Germans.
Johann Jacob Astor, the founder of the great Astor family. IIe came to America from Waldorf, Germany, at the close of the eighteenth century, with the intention of landing in Baltimore. He was prevented from so doing by ice in the Chesapeake and was compelled to proceed to New York.
Bierstadt, Lentze and Venino, celebrated German-American
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painters. Lentze is the artist who conceived the celebrated paint- ing "Washington Crossing the Delaware."
The first protest against slavery in America was made by the German Quakers in April, 1688.
THESE MEN PRODUCED SUCCESS :
The first suggestion to make the observance of German Day a general one among the Germans of Baltimore this year was advanced by Mr. Edward F. Leyh at a regular meeting of the German Historical Society on April 15, 1890. President John G. Morris appointed Messrs E. F. Leyh, Isidor Loewenthal and L. P. Hennighansen, a committee from the German Historical Society to consult with committees from other German societies to arrange for the celebration. Mr. Hennighansen went abroad shortly after this and the work devolved upon Messrs. Loewen- thal and Leyh. They invited Mr. Louis Schneider, President of the United Singers of Baltimore, to assist them, and other prom- inent gentlemen were invited, until the number grew to twenty- two. They styled themselves the executive committee and unani- monsty elected Mr. Ernst Schmeisser president, Louis Schneider vice-president, Isidor Loewenthal secretary, and R. M. Rother treasurer. The other members of the committee were Ernst Schmeisser, Isidor Loewenthal, Prof. Chas. F. Raddatz, Prof. Otto Fuchs, Dr. George Reuling, F. Scheidt, Col. H. C. Tieck, Ed. F. Levh, Rev. Ed. Huber, H. A. Bosse, Edw. Raine, Fritz Mayer, Col. R. D. Boss, Alb't F. Sterger, A. Martini, A. Knaup, G. Siegmund, Louis Schneider, Dr. Wm. Gombel, Hugo Steiner, Wm. Eckhardt, Fr. Jaschik, R. M. Rother and M. Teichmann.
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