USA > Massachusetts > Essex County > Lynnfield > Town of Lynnfield, Essex County, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, annual report 1911-1920 > Part 1
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LYNNFIELD PUBLIC LIBRARY
LYNNFIELD PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1384 00289 3684
ANNUALREPORT of the
RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES
Of the TOWN of LYNNFIELD
WITH TOWN CLERK'S STATISTICS And Reports of the Town Officers For the Year Ending February 1, 1911 - 19:3
1782
A TOV
A DISTRICT 17
1814
MEETING HOUSE BUILT 1714.
ITS.
AC
US
WINFIELD PUBLIC LIBRARY
The Itom Press 470 MAIN STREET, WAKEFIELD, MASS. 1911
180
3
Town Officers, 1910-1911
TOWN CLERK OSCAR E. PHILLIPS
SELECTMEN AND OVERSEERS OF THE POOR J. WINSLOW PERKINS, Chairman CHAS. J. BOLTON, Sec'y RUTHERFORD E. SMITH
TREASURER AND COLLECTOR OF TAXES
FRANKLIN W. FREEMAN
AUDITOR
GEORGE H. BANCROFT
ASSESSORS
FRANCIS P. RUSSELL
Term expires 1913
E. HARRY GERRY
66 1912
CHARLES J. BOLTON
66
1911
SCHOOL COMMITTEE
ERNEST J. CLARKE .
Term expires 1913
HENRY W. PELTON .
·
. .
1912
EVERETT B. RICHARDS .
.
1911
ROAD COMMISSIONERS
THOMAS E. COX
Term expires 1913
FRANK NEWHALL
1912
ALBERT G. TEDFORD
66
1911
TRUSTEES OF PUBLIC LIBRARY
GEORGE H. BANCROFT
Term expires 1913
HARLAN B. PEABODY
66 1912
GEORGE O. GIDDINGS
.
6
1911
4
PARK COMMISSIONERS
GEORGE C. FROLICH
Term expires 1913
MICHAEL F. DONOVAN . .
66 1912
BENJAMIN A. INGRAHAM . .
66
6 1911
CEMETERY COMMISSIONERS
HARLAN B. PEABODY
Term expires 1913
GEORGE M. ROUNDY
66 1912
DANIEL J. MCCARTHY
1911
CONSTABLES
WALTER C. HARRIS
WILLIS E. PEABODY
TREE WARDEN
ALFRED W. COPELAND
List of Jurors
PROPOSED FOR THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE TOWN FOR THE ENSUING YEAR
WILLIAM S. ABBOTT
Bookkeeper
CHARLES J. BOLTON .
Retired
ALFRED W. COPELAND
Superintendent Farmer
THOMAS E. COX .
FRANKLIN W. FREEMAN
Physician
JOHN W. FULLER .
Foreman
ELBRIDGE F. GERRY
Manufacturer
WILLIAM E. GILSON
Electrician
WALTER GRAY
Farmer
CLARENCE H. MOULTON
Retired
FRANK NEWHALL .
Farmer
CHARLES N. RUSSELL .
·
Shoemaker
Record of Town Meetings
FOR THE YEAR ENDING FEBRUARY 1, 1911
At the Annual Town Meeting held March 14, 1910, the following business was transacted :
Under Article 1, John M. Danforth was chosen Moderator.
Art. 2. To act upon the reports of Town Officers as published.
Voted. To accept as published.
Art. 3. To choose all town officers not required to be chosen by ballot.
Voted. That the Selectmen act as Fence Viewers, and five Sur- veyors of Lumber also five Wood Measurers were appointed by the chair as follows :
Surveyors of Lumber-David F. Parsons, John W. Ross, Frank Newhall, Andrew Mansfield, Wm. E. Roundy.
Wood Measurers-David F. Parsons, Wm. E. Roundy, Andrew Mansfield, Thomas E. Cox, Frank Newhall.
The Selectmen were appointed Field Drivers.
Pound Keeper-Chairman of the Board of Selectmen.
Art. 4. To see if the town will authorize the Treasurer, with the approval of the Selectmen, to borrow during the current municipal year, beginning March 15, 1910, in anticipation of the taxes of said municipal year, such sums of money as may be necessary for the current expenses of the town, giving the notes of the town therefor, payable within one year from the dates thereof.
Voted. As the Article specifies.
6
Art. 5. To appoint a time when the Collector of Taxes shall settle his account.
Voted. That it be June 1, 1911.
Art. 6. To see if the town will authorize the Collector of Taxes to charge interest at the rate of 6 per cent on all taxes not paid November 1, 1910.
Voted. That he shall.
Art. 7. To see if the town will revise and accept the jury list as prepared by the Selectmen.
Voted. To accept as prepared.
Art. 8. To see what disposal the town will make of the money refunded by the County from the dog tax.
Voted. It be paid to the Public Library Trustees.
Art. 9. To raise and appropriate money for the repair of high- ways for the ensuing year.
Voted. To appropriate $2,500 and the street railway tax ; $200 of this to be used in oiling the streets in both parts of the town.
Art. 10. To raise and appropriate money for the support of schools, high school tuition and transportation of scholars.
Voted. To appropriate 82,400.
Art. 11. To raise and appropriate money for necessary town expenses for the ensuing year.
Voted. $3,500.
Art. 12. To see if the town will raise and appropriate a sum of money for the use of the cemetery commissioners.
Voted. $100.
Art. 13. To see if the town will raise and appropriate a sum of two hundred dollars for the use of the fire department.
Voted. $200.
7
Art. 14. To see if the town will raise and appropriate a sum of money for the use of the tree warden.
Voted. $50.
Art. 15. To see if the town will raise and appropriate the sum of seventy-five dollars for the observance of Memorial Day.
Voted. $100 and Town Clerk instructed to place on the Record of the War of the Rebellion, names of those not hitherto on there and Isaac H. Mitchell is to give him the list in due time.
Art. 16. To see if the town will raise and appropriate the sum of two hundred dollars to paint the town hall.
Voted. To take up Articles 16, 17 and 26 together and that painting be let out to contract and the same not to exceed $400; to be under the direction of the Selectmen.
Art. 17. To see if the town will raise and appropriate the sum of one hundred dollars to paint the old town hall.
Taken up under Article 16.
Art. 18. To see if the town will raise and appropriate a sum of money sufficient to grade the sidewalk on Main street from the schoolhouse lot to the corner of Essex street.
Voted. $150.
Art. 19. To see if the town will raise and appropriate the sum of fifty dollars to grade the sidewalk on Forest Hill Avenue. Voted. $50.
Art. 20 To see if the town will raise and appropriate the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars to extend the sidewalk on Sum- mer street from Mr. Frank J. D. Barnjum's towards Walnut street.
Voted. $150.
Voted. This must be taken from the highway appropriation and expended on this work before June 15, 1910, as Articles 18, 19, 20 call for and under the direction of the Road Commis sioners.
8
Art. 21. To see if the town will accept and lay out as a public thoroughfare Grove street from its present terminus at the railroad crossing to the park at Suntaug Lake.
SECTION 2. To see if the town will raise and appropriate the sum of three hundred dollars to do this work.
Voted. That Grove street be laid out as a public thoroughfare from the railroad crossing to the shore of Suntaug Lake : $200 to be taken from the park fund and expended under the direction of the Park Commissioners.
Voted. Not to reconsider.
Art. 22. To see if the town will raise and appropriate a sum of money for the purchase of forest fire fighting equipment for use by the Forest Warden.
Voted. To indefinitely postpone.
Art. 23. To see if the town will authorize the Forest Warden to make a uniform rate of thirty cents per hour for working at fires.
Voted.
Art. 24. To see if the town will authorize the Superintendent of the Gypsy Moth department to have his men respond to any alarm of forest fire.
Voted.
Art. 25. To see if the town will vote to maintain a telephone in the house of the Constable at Lynnfield Center.
Voted. To indefinitely postpone.
Art. 26. To see if the town will raise and appropriate the sum of one hundred and twenty-five dollars to paint the Center school house.
Taken up under Article 16.
Art. 27. To see if the town will raise and appropriate the sum of two hundred dollars to be expended in suppressing the elm tree beetle.
Voted. To indefinitely postpone.
9
Art. 28. To see if the town will raise and appropriate the sum of three hundred and fifty dollars to pay expense of revalua- tion of real estate and publishing same.
Voted. $350.
Art. 29. To see if the town will raise and appropriate the sum of one hundred dollars to repair the scale at the south part. of the town.
Voted. To indefinitely postpone.
The vote as declared by the Moderator at the close of the polls for town officers elect :
Town Clerk-Oscar E. Phillips.
Selectmen and Overseers of the Poor-Rutherford E. Smith, J. Winslow Perkins, Charles J. Bolton.
Treasurer and Collector -Franklin W. Freeman.
Assessor for one year-Charles J. Bolton. Assessor for two years-E. Harry Gerry.
Assessor for three years-Francis P. Russell. School Committee, 3 years-Ernest J. Clarke. Road Commissioner, 3 years-Thomas E. Cox. Public Library Trustee, 3 years-George H. Bancroft. Public Library Trustee, 2 years-Harlan B. Peabody. Park Commissioner, 3 years-George C. Frolich. Cemetery Commissioner, 3 years-Harlan B. Peabody. Auditor-George H. Bancroft.
Tree Warden, 1 year-Alfred W. Copeland.
Constables, 1 year-Walter C. Harris, Willis E. Peabody. License Vote-Yes, 52. No, 89.
SELECTMEN'S APPOINTMENTS.
The Board of Selectmen as organized March 24, 1910, was J. Wins- low Perkins, chairman ; Charles J. Bolton, Secretary and Rutherford E. Smith.
Burial Agent of Indigent Soldiers-Isaac H. Mitchell. Weighers of Merchandise-Elbridge F. Gerry, Fred Kimball. Janitor of Town Hall-Albert F. Southworth.
10
Inspector of Beef-Charles A. Cooper with a salary of $50 per year.
Special Police-James Rourke, Wm. II. Stevens, Fred Skinner, George Williams, Franklin W. Freeman, James A. Mac- Gregor, Albert F. Southworth, Isaac H. Mitchell, Charles J. Bolton, Benjamin A. Ingraham, Oscar E. Phillips, John Flynn, Edward Russell, William E. Gilson, Daniel J. McCar- thy, E. F. T. Nelson, Wm. J. Davis, Rutherford E. Smith. Forest Fire Warden -Thomas E. Cox.
Dog Officer-Oscar E. Phillips.
Inspector of Barns-Charles M. McCarthy.
Sealer of Weights and Measures-Francis P. Russell (appointed April 29, 1910).
Fire Chief-Wm. E. Gilson (appointed April 23, 1910).
Assistant Fire Chief-Wm. H. Griffin.
The Fire Warden appointed as his deputies Fred Skinner; Albert Tedford, Frank Newhall, Franklin W. Freeman, William E. Gilson, Oscar E. Phillips.
SPECIAL MEETING CALLED MAY 2, 1910 AT 8 O'CLOCK P. M.
John M. Danforth chosen Moderator.
Article 2. To see if the town will vote to pay for one horse and cart $2.00 per day, and for two horses and a cart $3.50 per day for work done on the highways same to date from March 1. Thomas E. Cox and others.
Voted. To indefinitely postpone.
Art. 3. To see if the town will rescind the vote taken at the annual town meeting in March, 1909, whereby it was voted to pay the Sealer of Weights and Measures the sum of $100 per year.
Voted. To rescind.
11
Art. 4. To see if the town will vote to leave the amount of pay to be received by the Sealer of Weights and Measures to th discretion of the Selectmen.
Voted.
Meeting adjourned at 8.25 o'clock p. m.
SPECIAL MEETING CALLED DECEMBER 12, 1910, AT 8 O'CLOCK P. M.
E. Harry Gerry chosen Moderator.
Article 2. To see if the town will raise and appropriate the sum of $397.92 as required by the State for the suppression of the Brown Tail and Gypsy Moth.
Voted. That it be assessed in the tax list of 1911.
Meeting adjourned at 8.05 o'clock, p. m.
OSCAR E. PHILLIPS,
Town Clerk.
Dogs Licensed in Lynnfield for Year 1910
Males
99 at $2.00
$198 00
Females 15 at $5.00
75 00
114
273 00
License fee 20 cents per license
22 80
Paid to County Treasurer
250 20
County's dog tax against town
48 02
Reimbursed from County
·
$202 18
OSCAR E. PHILLIPS,
Town Clerk.
Town Clerk's Statistics
BIRTHS REGISTERED IN LYNNFIELD IN 1910
Date
Name of Child
Names of Parents
Occupation of Father
Gardener
Mar. 3
Dorothy Craig
David and Elizabeth (McKaig)
.
Mar. 14
Gertrude Marguerite Dewing
George H. and Mary (Buzzy)
Driver
Mar. 16
Grace Edith Hayward
William M. and-Florence (Galeucia) Arthur S. and Cassa .A. (Smith)
Milkman Teamster
April 1
Dorothy Mary Flannigan
Walter E. and Grace Josephine (Ryder)
Poultry Farmer
June 12
Robert Earl Burnham
Arthur F. and Adeline (Gove)
Laborer
June 14
Alice Maude Fletcher 1
Edward M. and Elizabeth A. (Gormley)
Farmer
July
17
Belinda Peard
William and Elizabeth (Patterson)
Laborer
Aug. 31
Lowell Frank Look
Frank P. and Jennie (Douay)
Grocery Clerk
12
June 4
Jessie Marion Wilkinson
MARRIAGES REGISTERED IN LYNNFIELD DURING THE YEAR 1910
Date
Name of Groom and Bride
Residence
Birthplace
Names of Parents
By whom Married
July 27
Andrew Mansfield, Jr. Annie Aber Moulton
Lynnfield Lynnfield
Lynnfield Wakefield
Andrew and Esther A. (Schofield) |Hugh A. Heath, Clarence H. and Emma G. (Perley)
Wakefield
Sept. 15
John Conrad Kallenberg Beatrice M. Graves
Lynnfield
Quiney W. Swanzey, Mt. Holly, Vt. [N.H.
Arthur L. and Maria D. (Gowing) |RalphA.Sh'rwood Chas. W. and Lura E. (Parker) Keene, N. H.
Sept. 22
Sylvester Nugent Mary Magrath
Lynnfield Lynnfield
Lynn Boston
Sylvester and Hannah S. (Rhodes) Robt. W.Haskins, John and
Reading
.
Nov. 17
Harry E. Brown Grace Louise Mitchell
Stoneham Lynnfield
Plymouth, N.H|Byron E. and Jennie S. (Colby) No. Reading
HoraceW.& Fannie C. (Blanchard)
Geo. E. Lovejoy, Lawrence
Dec. 31
Albert Preston Mansfield Martha L. Dexter
Lynnfield Wakefield
Lynnfield Wakefield
Albert and Annie P. (Gerry) George and Nellie F. (Bickford)
Hugh A. Heath, Wakefield
13
DEATHS REGISTERED IN LYNNFIELD DURING THE YEAR 1910
Date
Name of Deceased
Age y. m. d.
Birthplace
Condition
Names of Parents
Cause of Death
Jan. 6 Albert E. Copeland
62
2 7 Boston
Married
Moses W. and Mary N. (Chase)
Jan. 6 Harriet Eliza Paine
64
8| 1 |Rehoboth
Single
John Chester and
Jan.
10 Robert B. Hawley, Jr.
18 8 18 Malden
Single
Robert B. and Mary L. (Lane)
Jan. 27 Lilllan Brooks Ramsdell
27 4 5 Lynnfield
Single
Alonzo O. and Mary G. (Skerry)
Tuberculosis lungs
Jan. 28 Thomas Clarke
67 7 4 England
Married
Joli and Elizabeth (Jennings)
Abscess, Peritonitis Pneumonia
Feb. 4 Mary Arpan
58
7|13 Burlington, Vt Single
Zeb. Arpan and Sophia (Seamer)
Mar.
19 Laura F. Ramsdell
58
0 19 Hampton, N.H Widowed Edward Williams and Sarah (Chase)
Cerebral hemorr'ge
Mar. 20 John Perkins
16
6 3 Lymifield Ctr.
Single
J. Winslow and Annie (Stevens) Unknown
Pneumonia Lohar pneumonia
Mar. 26 Otis W. Skinner
87
4 13 Lynnfield
Widower
William and Ency (Aborn)
Senile debility
May
18 Bertha A. Curtis
32 3 21 W. Paris, Me.
Single
Emerson G. and Amantha (Cummings) Appendicitis John and Sarah (Orr) Paresis
July 20 Henry H. Berry
50 7 13 St.Jolms, N.B.
Married Single Single
Thos. L. and Geraldine B. (Fitzgerald) Dysentery Joshua and Abigail ( Bancroft)
Cerebral hemorr'ge
Oct. 31 Susan Stevens Prentiss
87 2 20 Lowell
Widowed Edmund Stevens and Susan (Prentiss) Cancer of stomach
Nov. 11 Sarah J. Day
75 0 0 Cairo, N. Y.
Widowed Lewis D. Thorpe and Adeline (Austin) Senile decay
Dec. 3 Mary Lynch
74|11|13 |Ireland
Widowed Martin Canon and Mary ( Philborn)
Dec. 25 Hannah M. Alden
55 5 7 Blue Hill, Me. Single
Peleg J. and S. Elizabeth (Dodge)
Apoplexy Pneumonia 1
14
Aug. 20 Eleanor Fenerty
3 7| 2 Lynn
Oct. 1 Mary B. Hawkes
82 3|16 Lynnfield
Single
Mar. 25 Sarah C. Ferguson
67
o Scotland
Pul. tuberculosis Cirrhosis of liver Pneumonia
15
Report of the School Committee
TO THE CITIZENS OF LYNNFIELD :
We are pleased to be able to state that the Schools of Lynn- field are progressing steadily toward higher standards. Earnest teachers and interested parents working in complete harmony are largely responsible for these results.
In the death of Miss Hannah M. Alden, Lynnfield has suf- fered a distinct loss. For a period of eighteen years she did her full duty as teacher at the South School. With the hand of affec- she guided the little ones through the primary grades and inter- mediate work and her influence for good has made a lasting impression upon the lives of many of the younger generation of this community.
We have for several years past called your attention to the necessity of restricting the speed of automobiles within the town limits. We owe this to the school children. Their passage to and from school should be made as safe as the laws of the state will allow. We recommend that a sum of money be appropriated for the purpose of enforcing existing speed laws.
Considerable difficulty has been experienced in heating the South School during the cold winter months. Heating experts have offered suggestions, which we are endeavoring to carry out and which will, we hope, relieve the situation.
We are obliged to ask for an increase in the amount appro- priated for school purposes for the following reasons : first, the revenues received from the state have been greatly reduced owing to the increased valuation of taxable property during the past year ; second, to secure competent teachers, your committee has found it necessary to advance the salaries of our instructors in order to keep pace with the general advance in the cost of living. We request that the sum of $3,300 be appropriated for school purposes for the coming year.
Respectfully submitted, HENRY W. PELTON, E. B. RICHARDS, E. J. CLARKE.
16
Report of Superintendent of Schools
TO THE SCHOOL COMMITTEE :
I desire to submit to you my sixth annual report. A report of this kind is very much the same from year to year, yet we hope that each year we can report progress.
THE SCHOOLS
REGISTRATION. The school registration remains about the same from year to year. The population of the town does not increase so rapidly as to make any difference in the school registration. The difference is more or less as the so- called "Floating population" may increase and diminish and fami- lies more or less large may come and go. The registration last year was 131. For the present year it is 115. The falling off at the present time is at the Centre.
SCHOOL WORK. The school work has progressed steadily and we can make the definite statement that it is of con- siderable higher grade than five years ago. The improvement in the subjects of Spelling, English, Arithmetic and Penmanship is marked. In these subjects we have been making special effort, and the results show improvement. Our classes entering the High School are better prepared. They have a better prepara- tion which the work reported indicates. Our classes are more evenly graded than formerly, and we trust that no serious break may occur which will destroy this uniformity.
CHANGES IN TEACHING FORCE. At the close of school in June, Miss Berry of the South School resigned, and Miss Sadie Hirst was engaged for the place. Miss Hirst has proved herself a capable and an efficient teacher. Un- der her management the standard set had moved steadily forward, and we believe no mistake was made.
At the holiday season the South school suffered the serious loss by death of Miss Hannah Alden who had taught the lower grades there for the past seventeen years. The warm place which Miss
17
Alden held in the hearts of the children and the community words cannot express. A faithful teacher, a warm friend, a cheerful companion, a christian character-it is almost impossible to fill her place. Her life as she gave it to the school, the impression will last throughout the lives of the children. All who came in contact with her will be better for having felt her influence. The one thing which the community must learn from her work is that we cannot place too high an estimate on the work of our teachers, and that it is our duty to make their work and lives as pleasant as possible.
At the Centre there have been no changes. This in itself makes for the good of the school, and the character of the work done by the pupils in this part of the town bears out the conclu- sion that it is wisest and best to retain the good teachers, and the town must make it an object for them to remain.
It is not out of place to say at this point, that the teacher is worth a fair compensation, and that the town is taking the proper course in paying a wage which will insure securing and keeping superior teachers. If we would have good schools, we must have good teachers ; to secure good teachers we must pay a fair living wage. It must be remembered that a far better and broader preparation is necessary for the teacher today than was required a generation ago. More is demanded, and more time is required for the teacher to equip herself. If more is demanded, a broader and more specific training is necessary, it certainly follows that a larger wage must be given. Furthermore, it must be remem- bered that in our schools there are from four to five grades to a teacher, and that in the upper grade rooms the teacher must be amply able to fully prepare pupils to enter the High School. We must therefore seek the teacher who not only has the qualifica- tion to teach well but who also has had higher education advan- tages. In the lower rooms we must also have the teacher of experience-the one who is well able to adapt herself not only to the primary work but also to the intermediate work. This is a rare combination, and not every one is able to do it, and accom- plish what is desired. Putting these things together the town will readily see that it is no small task to secure the proper persons.
18
Inducement must therefore be offered, and a sufficient remunera- tion to retain the good teacher when she has been secured.
ATTENDANCE. During the present school year a special effort has been made to secure a better attendance. We are offering a specially prepared card to all pupils who are neither absent nor tardy during each four weeks. Up to the present time a large number have received this card. Much interest is mani- fested. Not only are we making a better showing as to atten- dance, but the advancement in school work is particularly notice- able. There is no doubt that a good attendance produces good and effective work in subject matter. There are so many grades in a room, it is impossible for a teacher to give proper instruction if the attendance is irregular. There is little opportunity for individual help, and the child who attends school irregularly must take his chances ; if he has persistence and ambition he will make progress ; if not, he falls behind, and soon becomes discouraged and drops out of school. Parents should take note of this, and realize that much responsibility rests upon them with regard to reg- ular attendance ; that their help is needed to make all school work more effective. There are two very important particulars in which parents may help the schools-1st, regular attendance and punctuality ; 2d, insisting that children shall perform the work the school requires.
Furthermore the parents should esteem it a duty to visit the schools and learn first hand the conditions under which the teacher works. They would readily see what is required. understand whatever difficulties are encountered, and in the end have a much broader sympathy for the teacher in her work. Fewer complaints would reach the home, because conditions would be better under- stood.
EQUIPMENT. The schools are fairly well equipped. Lynnfield appreciates the schools, and whatever is needed is freely supplied.
To make Geography more interesting and at the same time a reality, a set of stereopticon views was purchased and distributed to the 9th grades of both schools. These views are arranged
19
according to subjects-natural productions, manufactures, trans- portation of different countries-and make a more lasting impres- sion. I believe it would be wise to purchase more views of the same subjects, and extend the plan to the 7th and 8th grades. It is the next thing to travelling in the countries, and wherever tried has worked to an advantage.
DRAWING AND MUSIC
With the opening of the school year a new supervisor, Miss Amy L. Butterfield, was engaged to supervise the drawing. Her work is proving to be successful. Both drawing and music are receiving careful supervision, and speak well for the persons em- ployed to teach them. The reports of both Miss Butterfield for the drawing and Mr. Wales for the music are given and I respect- fully call your attention to them as worthy your careful perusal.
Following is the statistical report of attendence, etc., for the first five months of 1910-11 as compared with 1909-10.
1909-10 per cent of attendance 91
1910-11 per cent of attendance .
94.4
1909-10 number cases of tardiness .
. 91
1910-11 number cases of tardiness . 172
I deem it an honor to be your Superintendeut, and wish to thank all who have contributed to make my work a success.
Respectfully,
January 31, 1911.
J. H. CARFREY.
20
Report of the Drawing Supervisor
MR. J. H. CARFREY, Superintendent of Schools, -
Dear Sir :
Hereby I submit my first annual report.
The work in drawing at Lynnfield is substantially the same as at Wakefield. One of our first aims has been to show the pu- pils the necessity of Drawing as a school study. Until they understand it is a real study and not a recreation, we cannot ex- pect good results. For this reason we have been trying to make the work very practical, and hope to make it even more so.
It is a popular supposition that Drawing is a trick of the hand. We are trying to show the pupils that it is not the hand alone, but that the brain guides the hand and that thoughtful work is absolutely necessary to obtain the best results. Elbert Hubbard says, "To have hands that are not trained to obey your brain will yet be regarded as a disgrace. All of your education has been a matter of head, and the body has been a prey to chance. But the hope of the world lies in the fact that educated people are getting awake to the truth that in a manual way we are most de- fective, and from a manual to a moral defective is an easy step."
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