Standard history of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, Part 106

Author: Wilson, Erasmus, 1842-1922; Goodspeed, Weston Arthur, 1852-1926. cn
Publication date: 1898
Publisher: Chicago : H.R. Cornell & Co.
Number of Pages: 1192


USA > Pennsylvania > Allegheny County > Pittsburgh > Standard history of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania > Part 106


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It was during the forties that Concert Hall and the Eagle saloon became popular resorts for the music-lovers of this vicinity. Foster, Kneass and other composers assembled at those places, where were heard from time to time the grandest voices and the sweetest music of that day. The performances con- sisted of concerts, at which a few noted singers from abroad would be assisted by local talent. In 1840 W. J. Davis, assisted by Mr. Henry Kleber, then a young musician of prominence, gave such a musical entertainment at Concert Hall. The principal instruments were the piano, violin and flute, but many popular songs were interspersed throughout the programme. In May, 1841, E. S. Con- nor and Mrs. Porter were the leading local artists. The decade of the forties saw a wonderful advancement in the character of theatrical performances in


(e) Mercury and Democrat, December 1, 1841.


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Pittsburg. The Ethiopian comedians sprang into a prominence little dreamed of a few years before. As early as 1845 the Nightingale Ethiopian Opera Company, composed almost wholly of home talent, gave entertainments at Masonic Hall, which was then the largest auditorium in the city. Here were sung the first popular songs composed by Stephen C. Foster and Nelson Kneass. So great became the furor for this class of entertainments that legitimate opera and drama were almost wholly neglected, and the managers of the old Pitts- burg Theater for several years had a hard time of it. More than one newspaper of the time, in commenting upon the character of the theatrical entertainments, while acknowledging the superior merit of the Shakesperean tragedies and the popular comedies of that day, spoke enthusiastically of the performances given by the Ethiopian companies. This will show to what extent the craze for farce and light comedy was carried. On the other hand, the artists had been trained for the presentation particularly of the Shakesperean tragedies, and they con- tinted to perform to empty houses.


In 1846 Mr. C. S. Porter and wife were still the managers of the Pittsburg Theater. The leading lady of his stock company at that time was Mrs. Lewis, and his principal male character was Mr. Silsbee. In April, 1846, John Oxley appeared as "Shylock" and other Shakesperean characters, and Mr. A. A. Adams appeared as "King Henry IV.," "Macbeth," etc. In May, 1846, the elder Booth appeared here in repertoire, among which were "King Lear," "Richard III.," etc. About the same time James E. Murdoch appeared as "Hamlet," "Claude Melnotte," etc. Mr. Murdoch was supported by Miss Porter, Mrs. Lewis, Mrs. Howard, Mr. Morris and Mr. Grierson. At this time Mr. Temple- ton was leader of the orchestra. Mr. A. A. Adams was a popular tragedian and presented on the Pittsburg boards the whole range of tragedies. His delinea- tion of the character of Macbeth was considered faultless by the local critics of that day. It was further said that Mrs. Lewis represented the character of "Lady Macbeth" with extraordinary fidelity and force, and that Mr. Morris made a creditable "Macduff." Mr. J. S. Silsbee was one of the most popular comedians of the day in the estimation of the Pittsburg theater-goers. His characterization of "Sam Slick" was praised without limit. In 1846 appeared here for the first time Messrs. Owen Mestayer, W. M. Foster and Mrs. Rowe. They excelled in comcdy. Among the strongest players of that period was Mr. Hackett, the greatest favorite of the people here, except Mr. Powers. His versatility made him successful in both tragedy and comedy. It was said that he was the most successful "Sir John Falstaff" ever in Pittsburg up to that time. The Commercial Journal said that his delineation of the character of "O'Cal- laghan," in the play of the "Last Legs," was superb. Mr. Murdoch's power and versatility were likewise fully appreciated. While playing "Hamlet" with a degree of intelligence and power rarely, if ever, seen here, he could, the next night, assume the leading character in a farce that would set the house in a continuous roar. During the winter of 1846-7 Mr. Davenport, assisted by Mrs. Mowatt, entertained the Pittsburg public. At this time Allegheny had no theater nor jail. In 1847 the famous "Mrs. Partington" gave an entertain- ment in Pittsburg. About this time the Swiss bellringers appeared here. The Sable Harmonists, in 1847, met with crowded houses. Previous to this Mr. C. S. Foster had leased the Pittsburg Theater, but his patronage was some- what limited. In October, 1847, Mr. and Mrs. Newton gave him a benefit. About this time Mr. Youngson, of the Dispatch, was the agent of the Sable Har- monists. Among the leading artists here in 1847 were Messrs. John Dunn, Barney Williams, John Stickncy, Neil Jameson, Oxley, Petrie, Salzman and Parsloe, and Miss Annie Malvina Porter.


In January, 1848, after continuous and strenuous efforts, William M. Foster


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succeeded in opening for the first time the Pittsburg Atheneum. The first enter- tainment, which was rendered January 25, 1848, was "Damon and Pythias," with Mr. C. J. Smith in the leading role. Thus the second legitimate theater in Pittsburg was opened. C. J. Smith was manager and J. Duval treasurer. Mr. Smith was himself the principal actor, and was assisted by Mrs. Cantor, Mrs. Sanders and Mr. Archer. Their presentation of Maturius in the tragedy of "Bertram," followed by the farce "Dead Shot," met with immense success. No Irish comedian who visited Pittsburg in early years was more popular or met with larger patronage than Barney Williams. The newspaper critics could find no fault with his performances, except that the rooms were not large enough to seat all who assembled to hear him. Henry Placaide appeared here in comedy in 1848. At the Pittsburg Theater, in 1848, Charles D. Pitt essayed the character of "Othello," assisted by Mr. Oxley as "Iago" and Mrs. Porter as "Desdemona." It was in 1848 that Miss Matilda Herron began her stage career by rendering in Pittsburg the character of "Camille." The critics of that day bestowed upon her the highest praise, and predicted for her unqualified suc- cess, which the future abundantly realized. Mr. Oxley excelled in tragedy and Mr. John Dunn in comedy. Mr. Anderson, an English tragedian, presented "Othello" here in 1848, and was assisted by Mr. Oxley as "Iago." The Com- mercial Journal, in March, 1848, said that Mr. Oxley, in the presentation of the Shakespearean tragedies, and particularly in the character of "Iago," had but one equal on the American stage, and that was the elder Booth. The Model Artists appeared here in the spring of 1848, but their performances were denounced as indecent by the local press.


In 1848 the Eagle saloon and Apollo Hall continued to be famous for the song entertainments rendered therein. All the great singers of the day appeared there from time to time, and had much to do with strengthening the musical impulse enjoyed by Pittsburg during that melodious era.


In May, 1848, Edwin Forrest appeared here in repertoire. He was assisted by Mr. Oxley and Miss Porter. His rendition of the charcters of "Virginius" and "Othello" were considered absolutely faultless. "Mr. Forrest, after playing the greatest engagement ever witnessed in the Pittsburg Theater, leaves to-night for the East" (f). About this time the only P. T. Barnum appeared here with his museum of curiosities. The celebrated actor Mr. Raymond appeared here in June, 1848, and delighted the public with his performances. In June 1848, Samuel Lover, the distinguished author, poet and actor, appeared here as a vocalist and story-teller, and met with an enthusiastic reception.


In July, 1848, Dan Rice & Co.'s famous "Metropolitan and Hipodramatic Circus" opened up here, and "his tent was crowded to suffocation." Late in 1848 the Ethiopians, composed entirely of Pittsburgers, rendered themselves exceedingly popular by the high character of their musical performances in Apollo Hall. In September, 1848, the Herron family appeared here in a varied entertainment of sketch acting and music. Van Amburg's Museum visited Pittsburg in 1848. Mr. and Mrs. E. S. Connor entertained theater-goers with repertoire in November, 1848. In the winter of 1848-9 Dan Marble surprised the local theater-goers with his wonderful versatility in the realistic drama "Home in the West," and in the farces "Angel of the Attic," "All the World's a Stage," etc. His rendition of the character "Shubael Rabbit" in Bradbury's drama "Home in the West" was said to have been without a parallel. In August, 1849, the Empire Minstrels gave in Pittsburg their thirty-ninth consecutive entertainment, and were still greeted with satisfactory houses. In the autumn of 1849 Miss Fanny Wallack, supported by Mr. Moorhouse, appeared here in


(f) Commercial Journal., May 29, 1848.


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"The Stranger," "As You Like It," "Romeo and Juliet," etc. In December, 1849, Junius Brutus Booth appeared as "Hamlet," "Richard III.," and a full repertoire. He was assisted by Mrs. Maclean. Edwin Booth was present for the first time in minor characters. During the winter of 1849-50 Mrs. Frances Anne Kemble gave readings from the Shakespearean plays, particularly from 'Measure for Measure," "Much Ado About Nothing," "As You Like It," etc. In 1850 Michael McBride, a young lawyer of Pittsburg who had previously appeared upon the stage, resumed that vocation and thereafter, for several years, was seen on the local boards. In November, 1850, Charlotte Cushman appeared here in the plays "The Stranger," "Macbeth," "As You Like It," "Lady of Lyons," "Henry VIII.," "Guy Mannering," etc. She met with an immense reception, and many of the most prominent families invited her to their homes.


In 1850 the Pittsburg Theater, which had suffered seriously from time to time from lack of patronage and other causes, was leased by Joseph C. Foster, who put the building in excellent shape and opened with a strong company in September. He judged correctly that the languishment of interest in theatrical performances was due to a surfeit of tragedies. It was true that one tragedian after another, all of distinguished merit, had appeared here until people longed for something else. He therefore put his stock company at work upon all the new and popular comedies, and the success which followed his efforts proved the correctness of his judgment. His scenic pieces surpassed anything ever before seen in Pittsburg. To some extent his stage mountings and properties antici- pated the spectacular displays of a later period. Almost from the start he met with an unprecedented success. His company was one of great strength, and after a season at Pittsburg he took them on the road, visiting Wheeling, Cin- cinnati and other cities. Charles Foster appeared as an actor in 1851. In that year the Alleghenians scored a great success here in a programme of songs, solos, duets, trios, quartettes, etc. They were well known in all parts of the United States, having visited every city of importance. The Ethiopian Warblers achieved a notable success at Wilkins' Hall in 1851. In April of this year Miss Jean M. Davenport made her first appearance here as "Pauline" in the "Lady of Lyons," and was assisted by Charles Foster in the character of "Claude Melnotte." She also presented "Much Ado About Nothing," "The Play of Love," "Evadne," "Charlotte Corday," etc. In April, 1851, Pittsburg was enabled to furnish a hall for any sort of an entertainment. The new Masonic Hall, by far the largest in the city, and just completed, comprised 10,138 square feet of flooring, the Atheneum 4,237 feet, Lafayette Hall 4,200 feet, Wilkins' Hall 3,420 feet, and the Pittsburg Theater about the same as the latter. In the spring of 1851, upon the appearance of Jenny Lind, the Masonic Hall was secured, owing to its size. Tickets were sold at auction and brought $5 each. In the spring of 1851 the Arch Street Theater was opened by Mr. Oxley. In June, 1851, upon the appear- ance of Dan Rice's circus, it was stated by the newspapers that he was received at the river landing like a king or conqueror by the populace. Many exhibi- tions of legerdemain were presented here about this time, and on such occasions it was customary for the audience, at the close of the entertainment, to resolve themselves, so to speak, into a committee of the whole and pass resolutions expressive of their pleasure for the entertainment, and thanking the performer for his efforts. In 1851 the celebrated Fox sisters, of Rochester, New York, who were traveling throughout the country giving exhibitions of spirit rappings and other manifestations, appeared here in a series of entertainments.


In April, 1852, the celebrated young tragedian, J. B. Roberts, began a season of entertainments, presenting "Richard III.,"' "Hamlet," "Richelieu," etc. In March, 1854, the Siamese twins, Eng and Chang, were exhibited here.


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It was in January, 1854, that, for the first time in Pittsburg, "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was played to immense audiences. The crowds that gathered were phenomenal, but can be accounted for owing to the intense excitement which then prevailed throughout the country over the subject of slavery.


In 1855 the "Olympic Cricket Club" was organized with Charles W. Ricket- son as president. The following autumn this club went to Cleveland, where a match game was played with the organization of that city. The Pittsburg club was defeated by foul means, it was claimed at the time, though this was probably not correct.


In January, 1855, Mr. Foster, lessee of "Old Drury," as the Pittsburg Theater was called, failed financially, but was assisted by friends, and soon reopened, apparently as strong as ever. He was greatly assisted by T. B. Johnston, an accomplished actor. In 1855 Miss Maggie Mitchell appeared here for the first time. Her performances were greatly praised. Mr. Buchanan, a tragedian, entertained the Pittsburgers about this time. One of the most popular pieces upon the local boards in early years, and one of which the public seemed never to tire, was "Old Heads and Young Hearts," by Dion Boucicault. It invariably met with an enthusiastic reception. Mr. Bailey played the leading role. In May, 1855, the Ravels Family, consisting of eight or ten members, appeared here in a variety performance. In March, 1856, Miss Adelina Patti appeared here for the first time, and was assisted by Aug. Gockel, E. Barilli and Paul Julien. Her performance was given in Masonic Hall. In 1857 Edwin Booth appeared here in leading roles, such as King Lear, Hamlet, Iago, etc. At this time he was about twenty-three years old. In 1857 John Drew, the famous Irish comedian, entertained the public. Prof. Thalberg's orchestra furnished the music for many of these entertainments. Thalberg him- self was a composer principally of instrumental music, and was an expert pianist. Ole Bull visited Pittsburg occasionally, and invariably met with a warm and profitable reception. M. Strakosch, a well-known and popular musician, often appeared in Pittsburg during the forties and fifties. Mr. C. W. Couldock was a popular tragedian to the theater-going public during the fifties.


In 1857 a difficulty arose between Mr. Simpson, owner of the Pittsburg Theater, and J. C. Foster, lessee and manager. The result was that the latter projected a new theater, and within a few months had succeeded in securing subscriptions to the amount of $14,000. In the meantime Mr. Foster rented Masonic Hall, fitted it up with suitable apparatus, and opened up therein with what was said to be at the time, with some humor, "a piece applicable to his own business condition." It was Douglas Jerrold's "Distraining for Rent." Mr. Foster was succeeded by Miss Kimberly, who assumed the lease and manage- ment of "Old Drury." Her first performance was "Hiawatha," ending with the farce "Nothing to Wear." It was about this time that Foster's Gaieties attained great prominence, not only here, but in other parts of the Union where they exhibited. Harry Langdon about this time gave successful and popular imita- tions of Forrest, Murdoch, Booth, Anderson, Wallack and others. Miss Kim- berly was a successful public reader, having attained fame in that role before she undertook acting. Upon her first presentation here, in December, 1857, of the "Lady of Lyons," she appeared as "Pauline," and Mr. DuBois as "Claude." She was received with such enthusiasm by the audience that she could not pro- ceed, it was declared, for ten minutes. She stated to the audience that she had come here but six weeks before in the character of a star and had no idea of taking charge of so prominent a theater as Old Drury, but, having been urged to do so by Colonel Simpson, she finally consented.


In 1858 Foster's New National Theater was finished and ready for occu- pancy. Among those who first appeared therein were Charlotte Cushman, Mr.


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J. E. McDonald, Mr. Hackett as "Falstaff," James Bennet as "Iago" and others. Miss Cushman appeared for three nights, and the receipts were as follows: First night, $247.50; second night, $254.50; third night, $428.25; total, $930.25. Of this amount Miss Cushman was paid $400; the orchestra was paid $22; the city license amounted to $20, and the remainder went to the manager and com- pany. This new theater, which had a seating capacity of nearly 1,500, was built, it was stated, in six weeks. It occupied a room in the new Odd Fellows building. Later in 1859 the National Theater began to be called the Apollo. In 1860 there were two regular theaters and eight halls.


There are in the city twelve theaters and music halls and sixty-six other rooms in which societies and other bodies meet. The former are as follows: Alvin Theater, Sixth Street, with a seating capacity of 2,200; new Grand Opera House, Fifth Avenue, between Wood and Smithfield streets, seats 2,300; Hop- kins' Duquesne Theater, Penn Avenue, near Sixth Street, seating capacity 2,112; Bijou Theater, Sixth Street, will accommodate 2,650; Avenue Theater, Fifth Avenue, between Wood. and Smithfield streets, will comfortably seat 2,600; Harry Williams' Academy of Music, 812 Liberty Avenue, seating capacity 2,480; World's Eden Musee, II Federal Street, Allegheny, will seat 1,800; Adams' East End Theater, Collins Street near Station Street, East End, seating capacity 1,320; old City Hall, Market Street between Fourth and Fifth avenues, will seat 3,000; Exposition Hall, Duquesne Way, near the Point, can be made to seat about 10,000; Carnegie Music Hall, Carnegie Library building, entrance to Schenley Park, Fifth Avenue, has a seating capacity of 2,000; Carnegie Music Hall, in the Allegheny Library building, seating capacity about 1,200.


CHAPTER XXXI.


SOCIETIES-MASONS AND ODD FELLOWS-MECHANICAL SOCIETY-BLENNERHASSETT- HUMANE SOCIETY-FRANKLIN SOCIETY-BENEVOLENT EFFORTS-PENITENTIARY- YOUNG MEN'S SOCIETY-SNAG MARINES-ALLEGED EXPOSURES OF MASONRY AND ODD FELLOWSHIP-HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY-NEW ENGLAND SOCIETY-RECENT SECRET ORGANIZATIONS-THE METEORIC SHOWER OF 1833-ITS CAUSE-THE PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY-THE LITERARY SOCIETIES-BALLOON ASCENSIONS-THE LYCEUMS-EARLY LECTURES-THE PHILOLOGICAL INSTITUTE-VARIOUS RE- FORMERS AND REFORM MOVEMENTS-WOMAN'S RIGHTS-THE CALIFORNIA GOLD FEVER-INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES-FIRST HISTORICAL SOCIETY -FIRST DAGUERREOTYPE-CEMETERIES-HELP FOR THE POOR-ORPHAN ASYLUM-A SKELETON-PROVIDENT SOCIETY-FREE SOUP-THE SHIP LAW- RENCE - ALLEGHENY OBSERVATORY - THE MORGAN MEDAL - LORD RENFREW - THE PARKING-LIBRARIES-MONUMENTS-TEMPERANCE- LIQUOR LAWS-THE MOVEMENT OF 1830-ITS EXTRAORDINARY GROWTH -TEMPERANCE CELEBRATIONS AND CONVENTIONS-TOTAL ABSTI- NENCE-OPPOSITION OF THE LIQUOR ELEMENT-CRUSADE OF THE BALTIMORE REFORMERS - ANOTHER ADVANCEMENT - LICENCES AND LOCAL OPTION - OTHER TEMPERANCE ORGANIZATIONS- JOHN B. GOUGH-SUNDAY SELLING-WOMAN'S CRUSADE-THE MURPHY MOVEMENT -INSURANCE - FIRST FIRE COMPANIES - FIRST INSURANCE COMPANIES-THE BUCKET BRIGADES-FIRES -THE OLD ENGINE AND HOSE COMPANIES-FIREMEN'S PARADES -TEST OF STEAM FIRE-ENGINES-THE GREAT FIRE OF 1845- REORGANIZATION OF FIRE INSURANCE COMPANIES-REIGN OF TERROR-FIREMEN PERMIT A FIRE TO RAGE-LATER INSU- RANCE COMPANIES-OTHER FIRES-FIREMEN'S ASSOCIA- TIONS-TEN STEAMBOATS BURNED-PAID FIRE DEPART- MENT ORGANIZED-RECENT EVENTS AND STATISTICS.


The records of Royal Arch Lodge, No. 3, of Philadelphia, show that John Hudess was "duly and lawfully entered, passed and raised at Fort Pitt in 1759 by our brethren John Mains (soldier), James Woodward (captain) and Richard Hadley, all Royal Arch Masons." This action was no doubt taken by the officers and soldiers who were then stationed here to hold the place and to build Fort Pitt. It is not improbable that others were initiated between that time and the date of organization of the first Masonic lodge in Pittsburg in 1785. The first was organized on December 24th of that year and was numbered 45. .Soon after the Whisky Insurrection, Lodge No. 113 was instituted. During the War of 1812 Lodge No. 145 was established, and a few years later Lodges No. 165 and No. 173 were organized. Among the early Masons were Dr. Nathaniel Bedford, Isaac Craig, Thomas Collins, William Hamilton, William Parke, James Johnston, William McCandless, William Steele, James W. Riddle, Walter Forward, Solomon Brown, Alexander Pentland, W. W. Fetterman, Nathaniel Fetterman, Magnus M. Murray, William Porter, Anthony Beelen, Henry Baldwin, Samuel Pettigrew, Shepley R. Holmes, Robert B. Mowry, James S. Stevenson, Charles Shaler, Patrick McKenna, George Miltenberger, Samuel Jones, Francis G. Bailey and John Birmingham. The beautiful Masonic Hall, built in 1856-7, was burned in 1887.


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In June, 1829, Mechanics' Lodge No. 9, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was instituted in Pittsburg by Thomas Small, P. G. M. It steadily grew in numbers, and soon others were established. All secret societies suffered during the Anti-Masonic craze, but at no time were they in danger of total extinction.


As early as March, 1788, the following notice appeared in the Pittsburg Gazette: "Society was the primeval desire of our first and grand ancestor, Adam. The same order for that blessing seems to inhabit more or less the whole race. To encourage this, it seems to be the earnest wish of a few of the mechanics in Pittsburg to have a general meeting on Monday, the 24th inst., at 6 o'clock p. m., at the house of Mr. Andrew Watson, tavern-keeper, to settle on a plan for a well-regulated society, and for that purpose this public method is taken to invite the reputable tradesmen of this place to be punctual to the appointment." The meeting was held and an organization was effected, but the details cannot be given. This Society of the Mechanics was for many years the principal organization which drew together the working people for their mutual improvement. Masonic Lodge No. 45 was the earliest social organiza- tion of Pittsburg. It soon had a large membership, composed of many of the principal citizens of this vicinity. Meetings of the Mechanical Society were held at the house of John Gibson, Adamson Tannehill, Mason Smith and elsewhere. Dr. Andrew Richardson was one of the leading Masons of the borough. His oration delivered on St. John's Day, in 1799, was published in full in the Gazette, and was considered a masterly production. At this time William Wusthoff was secretary of the lodge. The Order of Cincinnati had a number of repre- sentatives here, who participated in the obsequies of General Washington in 1799. In September, 1799, the Masons buried, according to the rites of their lodge, Lieutenant David Thompson, a member of the order, who died at Fort Fayette. In 1799 Robert J. Clow was secretary of the Mechanical Society. The following notice appeared in the Gazette and the Tree of Liberty in November, 1801: "Resolved, unanimously, That the brethren of Lodge No. 45 will dine together at Brother Beebe's, in the borough of Pittsburg, on St. John's Day, 27th of December next; that the brethren of the vicinity are requested to join, and that notice thereof be given in the Pittsburg papers. T. Bates, secretary."


In the evening of January 7, 1801, Pittsburg was startled by the explosion of a large meteor in the southeast. which lighted up the whole heavens, and was followed by a rumble like an earthquake. It was noticed throughout the south- western part of the State. Herman Blennerhassett, who was concerned in Burr's conspiracy, was a distinguished counselor in Dublin. He landed in Philadelphia in the summer or fall of 1796, and came to Pittsburg soon after his arrival there, accompanied by his wife, an accomplished lady, and resided here all of the succeeding winter, occupying the house of Dr. Bedford on Liberty Street (a).


In 1802 St. Patrick's Day was celebrated by the Irishmen of the vicinity at the house of William Irwin. Many were present, and an elegant supper was spread for the enjoyment of those who had assembled. Sixteen toasts were drunk. In 1803 Zadoc Cramer was president of the Mechanical Society. In 1802 the Hibernian Society was organized and a constitution adopted. In 1804 William Eichbaum was secretary of the Mechanical Society. Attached to the Mechanical Society in 1808 was a circulating library, a cabinet of curiosities and a chemical laboratory. In 1813 the Masons occupied a comfortable hall on Wood Street. Connected with Lodge No. 45 at this time were George Robin- son, John Gorman, Henry Bayard and Robert Graham. In June, 1813, Lodges No. 45 and 113 united in a celebration of the festival of St. John. At this time




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