USA > Pennsylvania > Allegheny County > Pittsburgh > Standard history of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania > Part 63
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"The news of the attack on Fort Sumter was received in this city about 10 o'clock last night and created the most feverish excitement. The public mind had so often met with disappointment in this particular that hundreds were slow to credit the rumors, but on receiving assurance of the reports the people upon the streets formed in knots, discussing the all-absorbing topic of the hour, while messengers were seen running hither and thither, keeping up comunication with the various printing offices, the telegraph office and other sources of correct information. At the theater a large audience had assembled and between the acts a special dispatch was read, announcing the opening of hostilities by the secessionists, and the brave defense of Major Anderson and his little garrison. This elicited the wildest enthusiasm, the reader being inter- rupted by repeated bursts of applause. . . . . Up till midnight hundreds of staid citizens were still on the alert, and at every corner, in every public place-barrooms, halls, offices, etc .- knots of men could be seen talking of the conflict, and showering the highest encomiums upon Major Anderson and his gallant band. The news of the passage of the War Bill, by the Pennsyl- vania Legislature, came at an opportune moment, and contributed no little to the general enthusiasm" (j).
On Saturday night, April 13th, the news was very contradictory and con- tinued so on Sunday morning, but later in the day positive information came of the surrender of Fort Sumter, "and produced a painfully depressing effect upon all classes." Bulletins were issued by the leading newspapers and were eagerly scanned by anxious crowds. Even yet, thousands who did not want to believe the telegrams waited, hoping there was some mistake. Here and there were a few "madcaps" who sympathized with the secessionists and "chuckled quietly over the disgrace which robbery and treason had brought upon the flag of our glorious country" (k). Almost everybody agreed that the day for talking had gone by and the time for action had arrived. Complaints of the inaction of Mr. Lincoln had been frequent and in some instances bitter and denunciatory, while a feeling akin to resignation had taken possession of many. But now that the rebels had captured Fort Sumter, and the first shock of dismay had passed, the call of President Lincoln for 75,000 volunteers aroused all classes to intense activity.
On the night of April 13th, when the first news was received of the attack on Fort Sumter, the Pittsburg Zouaves assembled in their hall and voted unanimously to tender their services to the Governor. They promptly informed R. B. Roberts, captain of the company, who was absent, of their action, and received from him an unqualified indorsement. This was the first company here, after the attack on Fort Sumter, to tender its services to save the Union; but it was preceded by at least two other companies, which had been offered, in case of war, soon after the cannon were ordered removed South (1). It was remarkable that even as late as the 15th, and in the face of positive and detailed dispatches, that many would not believe Fort Sumter had actually surrendered.
(i) Gazette, March 2, 1861.
(j) Gazette, Saturday, April 13, 1861.
(k) Gazette, April 15, 1861. (1) Vide supra.
552
HISTORY OF PITTSBURG.
The most absurd and exaggerated rumors concerning the action of Major Anderson were afloat. "At last, however, the fact had to be admitted that it (Fort Sumter) had fallen into the hands of the rebels. This general fact is alı that is reliable; for the details respecting the fire in the fort, the damages done to the walls, and many other stories of the same kind are so manifestly absurb as to be entitled to no consideration. For authentic details we must wait for official and epistolary reports. In the meantime it is but just that judgment should be suspended upon the conduct of Major Anderson in yielding before a breach was made or a man killed" (m).
No sooner had the news of the surrender of Fort Sumter been confirmed than the whole community was up in arms. Preparations were made on the 15th to enroll and equip a large volunteer force in the cities and suburbs in response to the call for 75,000 men by the President. No such popular upris- ing had ever been seen here before. Business was practically suspended and extensive preparations for war occupied public attention. The Zouaves recruited all day Sunday in anticipation of the call for volunteers, and on Monday their services were tendered to the Governor. The Duquesne Grays also began recruiting, under Captain Campbell, with great energy, their services having been previously tendered. The Washington Infantry, under Captain T. A. Rowley, called for recruits and offered their services to the Governor. The Jackson Blues, who had tendered their services at the time the cannon were or- dered removed, began rapidly to fill up their ranks. The Scott Legion under Captain O. H. P. Rippey, called for recruits, and Colonel William Trovillo began to form a company. Pittsburg firemen, under Captains G. W. Leonard and J. H. Stewart, formed two companies on Sunday and Monday. The Lafayette Blues and the State Guards, of Allegheny, proffered their services. In response to a telegram from Governor Curtin, General J. S. Negley left hurriedly for Harrisburg on Monday, and on the same day Captain David Campbell wired the Governor for an order to perniit the volunteers of this vicinity to rendezvous at the arsenal. Acting with him to secure this privilege were Captains Rowley, Roberts and others.
An immense war meeting was held at the City Hall on Monday night, April 15th, which was one of the largest assemblages ever convened in the city, there being between 4,000 and 5,000 people crowded into the rooms. The venerable Judge Wilkins-a gentleman perhaps as old as the Constitution itself-was called from his retirement to preside. He delivered an ardent and eloquent speech, declaring that party distinctions must be buried in the ocean of patriot- ism, that all the people must rally to the support of the Government, that he had often supported those men in the South who had now embroiled the country in civil war, and that he no longer entertained a sentiment of respect for them. His speech had an electrical effect upon the pent-up patriotism of his audience and was followed by tremendous applause. John W. Riddle, James P. Barr, William Neeb, T. J. Bigham and James Park, Jr., constituted the committee on resolutions. The band played the "Star Spangled Banner" with thrilling effect, and Thomas M. Marshall was brought out by loud calls and delivered one of his vigorous, fiery and effective addresses. Judge Shannon followed in an eloquent and patriotic speech. Hon. A. W. Loomis' effort "was one of the ablest we have ever listened to." Dr. George L. McCook, Thomas J. Bigham, Robert McKnight, Dr. G. H. Keyser, Marshal Swartzwelder, E. D. Gazzam and William F. Johnston made brief, stirring speeches. The appointment of a com- mittee of public safety, consisting of one hundred men whose duty it was announced would be "to keep a sharp lookout for traitors," was authorized.
(m) Gazette, April 16, 1861.
553
HISTORY OF PITTSBURG.
During the evening several companies of recruits entered the hall with martial bands and flying colors, and the most unbounded enthusiasm prevailed. The following preamble and resolutions were unanimously adopted:
Whereas, The National Government is now seriously menaced by traitors in arms, who have defied its just authority, raised the standard of revolt, and by hostile acts of war disturbed the public tranquillity and endangered the public peace; and, Whereas, In an exigency like the present it is the duty of all loyal and patriotic American citizens, casting aside the trammels of party, to aid the constituted authorities in maintaining inviolate the supremacy of the constitution and the laws, therefore Resolved, By the people of Allegheny County in general mass meeting assembled, that we deem the present a fit occasion to renew our obligations of undying fealty to that Government and that Union which we have been taught to regard and revere as the palladium of our liberties at home and our honor abroad; and in their defense and support, by whomsoever assailed, we will endeavor to prove ourselves worthy sons of patriotic sires. . . . Resolved, That we specially approve of the course of the Legislature and executive branches of our State government, in promptly responding to the call of the President of the United States for men and means to sustain and protect the National Government at this crisis in its history, and that Allegheny County will con- tribute her full quota of both to vindicate its authority. . . . Resolved, That discarding all political or partisan considerations in this hour of our country's danger, we mutually pledge to each other as American citizens for the common defense, our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honors. . . Resolved, That a committee of one hundred citizens be appointed by the chair as a Committee of Public Safety to see that the patriot cause receives no detriment in this region, and to convene the people, whenever in their judgment such a step is necessary.
The Committee of Public Safety was announced on the 17th as follows:
William Wilkins, J. H. Foster, Wm. Caldwell,
Chairman. Charles McKnight, Ed. Simpson,
Wm. J. Morrison,
William Neeb,
Dr. Jas. King, John J. Dravo,
E. D. Gazzam,
James P. Barr, John D. Bailey,
Wm. F. Johnston,
John W. Riddell,
Thos. M. Marshall,
Dr. Geo. McCook, James A. Sewell, John Marshall, T. J. Bigham,
William M. Lyon, Thomas Bakewell, W. J. Howard,
Jos. R. Hunter, W. M. Hersh, C. B. Bostwick, Nat. Holmes, Jr., Samuel Riddle, John Scott, Francis Sellers, D. S. Stewart, H. A. Weaver,
J. R. T. Nobb, Henry Mccullough,
Joseph Dilworth,
Charles Barnes,
Sol. Schoyer, Jr.,
David Fitzsimmons, J. P. Pears,
C. L. Magee, John Harper, Andrew Miller, James Park, Jr., C. H. Paulson.
R. Miller, Jr., H. L. Ringwalt, George W. Wilson, R. H. Hartley, James Reese, J. W. Barker,
J. R. Murphy, Geo. W. Irwin,
John N. McClowry, G. L. B. Fetterman, Max K. Moorhead, George W. Cass,
Walter H. Lowrie,
Dr. S. Dilworth,
Benjamin Coursin, David F. McKee,
William Philips,
William M. Edgar, Cliristian Zug, Dr. L. Oldshue,
John Atwell,
M. I. Stewart,
Robert B. Guthrie,
N. P. Fetterman, John D. Scully, Dr. Geo. S. Hays, John Mackin. A. G. Lloyd, John J. Muse, W. Bagaley, T. M. Howe,
W. K. Nimick, George Gallop, A. Nicholson.
Jas. Floyd, Alex. Moore, Samuel Rodgers, Alfred Slack,
David Irwin, And. Burke, Jas. R. Hartley,
W. G. McCartney,
John Birmingham, Dr. Geo. L. Mc- John Wright, Cook,
John McDonald,
E. P. Jones, P. C. Shannon,
Jas. A. Hutchison, Joshua Rhodes, James Verner, John N. Tiernan,
Thomas S. Blair,
Samuel McKelvy,
Alexander Nimick, R. H. Patterson,
John M. Irwin, Wm. C. Barr,
Geo. P. Hamilton,
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HISTORY OF PITTSBURG.
C. W. Ricketson,
Robert McElhern, Wm. Barnhill, Jr., Hugh McAfee,
Joseph Kaye,
Frederick Collier,
William Owens,
Hugh Kane, Samuel Cameron,
J. B. Poor, T. S. Rowley,
Archib'd McBride, Robert Morrow,
R. J. Grace, Joseph Woodwell, John McDevitt,
James Herdman, Andrew Scott,
William Simpson, C. McGee,
Alexander Hilands, Col. Leopold Sahl, James B. Murray,
David E. Bayard,
Dr. Wm. M. Sim- cox,
James McAuley, John Graham,
J. R. McClintock, James Kelly,
George A. Berry, William Carr, James Benny, Jr., J. B. Canfield, H. L. Bollman,
Adams Getty,
William Woods,
Wm. Robinson, Jr. Wm. B. Holmes, William Bishop, D. D. Bruce,
John Dunlap,
Edw. Campbell, Jr.
Harry Wainwright, Will A. Lare,
John C. Dunn,
Wm. H. Smith,
Wm. H. McGee,
Robert Finney,
John Brown,
A. W. Loomis,
T. J. Gallagher,
Alex. L. Russell,
John E. Parke,
William Wade,
Thomas Steel,
N. P. Sawyer,
B. F. Jones,
J. P. Penny.
Russell Errett,
WV. S. Lavely,
Alexander Speer,
Wm. Holmes,
James Salsbury,
Henry Hays,
Daniel Negley,
William Martin,
Edward Gregg,
Geo. H. Thurston,
On Tuesday, the 16th, the excitement rose still higher and developed an unswerving determination to crush at once the hydra of rebellion. The great- est activity prevailed in the enlistment of volunteers. It was known on Wednes- day that at least twelve companies in Pittsburg, three in Allegheny and four in the suburbs, were being rapidly formed. Those in Pittsburg were under Captains McKee, Campbell, Rowley, Rippey, Roberts, Gerard, McFarland, Conrad, Trovillo, Stewart, Leonard and a prominent fireman; those in Alle- gheny under Captains Vierheller, McDowell and Tyler. Besides the above companies which were already well organized there were nearly as many more being recruited. General William Robinson telegraphed from Washington that he would pay $20 each to recruits for a company which Governor Curtin had promised to accept, to be commanded by Frank Robinson. A meeting of bank presidents tendered the Governor money for the service. War meetings were held day and night-almost continuously-in many parts of the cities and their suburbs. The hour of action had come, to the intense and unbounded relief of the public heart. Lectures delivered here at this time by Henry Ward Beecher contributed not a little to the manifestations of intense loyalty pre- vailing.
General Negley returned from Harrisburg on the 17th to organize the volunteers. Marching orders were given to the Duquesne Grays, under Captain Campbell; Jackson Blues, Captain McKee; Washington Infantry, Captain Rowley; Zouave Cadets, Captain Roberts; Allegheny Rifles, Captain Gang; Turner Rifles, Captain Amlung; State Guards, Lieutenant Dawson; Negley Zouaves, Captain Irvine; Pennsylvania Zouaves, Captain Gerard, and City Guards, Captain Brereton. The same evening the first troops departed by railroad for Harrisburg, consisting of the Turner Rifles, the State Guard and the Allegheny Light Guards, under Lieutenant Braun. Captain McFarland, of the Sixth Ward Artillery, was notified that artillery would not be accepted at present. A handsome sword was presented to Lieutenant Dawson of the State Guards on his departure. On the 17th a Welsh company was started, and the Fort Pitt Light Artillery was organized under Captain H. F. Rudd. An order of a New Orleans house on Phelps, Parke & Co., of Manchester, for army wagons was refused. A few secessionists who made disloyal statements here were forced to fly for their lives. The Committee of Public Safety was
Thos. B. Hamilton, J. M. Brush,
Andrew Fulton,
J. M. Killen,
S. H. Keller,
It" T Rather
1
557
HISTORY OF PITTSBURG.
fully organized on Thursday morning (the 18th) and William Wilkins was elected president. The firm of Shriver & Dilworth was called to account for having shipped 3,000 kegs of powder by river, but exonerated themselves by declaring that they had been sent to Nebraska. The return of the powder that had been shipped to Wellsville was a question of such delicacy that it was finally referred to the Secretary of War, who ordered it held there by the Mayor. Alexander Postley announced that an order on him from Nashville for two hundred barrels of gun-barrels would not be filled, which led Judge Wilkins to say: "Nothing contraband of war should go into the hands of traitors to be used against ourselves." Sub-committees on finance, home defense, relief and executive were appointed. The committee decided to organize a Home Guard of two regiments and to raise contributions for the support of the families of volunteers. William Wilkins, Thomas Bakewell and Thomas M. Howe were appointed a committee to prepare an address on the crisis to the people of Western Pennsylvania. P. R. and J. Hill tendered to the Committee of Public Safety the gratuitous use of two steam tugs and two barges. New companies were called for by Captains W. A. Charlton, William C. Gallagher, J. M. Knapp (in South Pittsburg) and others. At an immense meeting in Bir- mingham on the night of the 17th a committee of twenty citizens was appointed to raise funds and otherwise aid in forming military companies. Many busi- The ness houses liberally contributed to the equipment of the volunteers. captain of every company made repeated efforts, successful in the end, to have his command accepted for service. General James S. Negley was appointed a brigadier-general by Governor Curtin. On Thursday, the 18th, the Negley Zouaves under Captain Irvine, and a detachment of the Allegheny Light Guards, left for Harrisburg. Tenders of coal, provisions and other necessaries were made to the committee by the leading business houses. On Friday an attempt was made to lynch an Irishman from New Orleans who had assisted in the assault on J. E. Harris in that city some time before; but after receiving rough treatment he was saved from the crowd by the police. The address on the crisis prepared by the special committee was written by Thomas Bake- well, and was an eloquent appeal to the patriotism of Western Pennsylvania. The Committee of Public Safety, "composed of the leading men of this vicinity, without regard to party," covered itself with glory by its rapid, effective and patriotic action to aid in the enlistment of inen, in the care of their families and in quelling the rebellion.
Friday, the 19th, was a notably busy day. The Firemen's Legion, under Captain Stewart, was reported ready for marching orders, and enough men had enlisted in the Duquesne Grays and the Washington Infantry to form two companies each. Officers were presented with swords, and companies with flags, by the ladies. Troops from Ohio and other Western States began pass- ing eastward through this city. The Wilkins Guard, under Captain D. H. Williams, were rapidly organizing, and it was reported that already two full regiments had been raised in this vicinity. At a largely attended meeting held in Allegheny in the evening it was decided to appoint a committee of five from each ward, whose duty should be about the same as that of the Committee of Public Safety in Pittsburg. Speeches were made by W. H. Moody, Thomas Farley, H. S. Fleming, Harvey Davis, Josialı King, Robert McKnight, Samuel Riddle and John Atwell. Mayor Simon Drum presided. Captain Hugh Flem- ing began to recruit a company in Allegheny. Captain J. C. Hull had just completed the organization of the Federal Guards there. The Duquesne Rifles, under Captain T. F. Wilson; the Fort Pitt Guards, under Captain Charl- ton; a company under Captain O. H. P. Blackman; the Iron City Guards, under Captain W. M. Gormly; the Lafayette Blues; a company under Captain Abijah
29
558
HISTORY OF PITTSBURG.
Ferguson : the West Pittsburg Guards, under Captain H. D. Whipple, and others were forming so rapidly that it was difficult, if not out of the question, to keep an account of them. Eighty-four ladies of this vicinity notified ex-Governor W. F. Johnston, chairman of the Executive Committee, of their readiness to take the field if needed, to care for the sick, make bandages, supply lint, etc.
On Saturday afternoon, April 20th, tremendous excitement was caused by the report that a large quantity of war material destined for the South was in cars at the Pennsylvania depot, in charge of Adams Express Company. The report spread like wildfire and a great crowd collected at the depot. Order having been restored by the Mayor and troops, it was determined to search the cars. Large quantities of blankets, shirts, shirting, army cloth, gloves, cap fronts, zouave cloth, "muzzle guards," etc., were found and conveyed to the Mayor's office, where they were turned over to the Safety Committee.
Orders were issued by General Negley that on Sunday, April 21st, the volunteer companies which had been accepted would start for the East. It was a bright and beautiful day, and thousands of people assembled to witness their departure. At an early hour the city was astir with columns of armed men, marching hither and thither, with colors flying and drums beating. The Pittsburg Invincibles, under Captain Trovillo; Allegheny Rifles, under Cap- tain Gang (second detachment); Jackson Guards, from Ohio; Scott Legion, Captain Rippey; Brady Alpines, Captain Sirwell (Kittanning); Pennsylvania Zouaves, Captain Gerard (second detachment); Allegheny Light Guards, Cap- tain Robinson (second detachment); Shield Guards, Captain Gallaher, and Aliquippa Guards, Captain Snyder (McKeesport), numbering in all between 800 and 900 men, embarked for Harrisburg. Many ladies were present to bid good- bye to their loved ones, and many affecting scenes at parting were witnessed. Many swords, revolvers and flags had been duly presented before their departure.
The Negley Zouaves became Company I of the Third Regiment; the State Guards, Company A of the Fifth; Turner Rifles, Company B of the Fifth; Aliquippa Guards, Company K of the Fifth; Scott Legion, Company A of the Seventh; Allegheny Rifles, Company B of the Seventh; Allegheny Light Guards, Company E of the Seventh; Pennsylvania Zouaves, Company F of the Seventh; Pittsburg Invincibles, Company K of the Seventh; all in the three months' service, and all mustered in from the 20th to the 22d of April. R. P. McDowell was elected colonel of the Fifth, and Oliver H. P. Rippey lieutenant-colonel, and F. P. Robinson major of the Seventh.
The offer of the Fort Pitt Iron Works to furnish the Committee on Home Defense six eight-inch columbiads and ten nine-inch Dahlgrens was accepted. An armory for home defense was projected at this time and strongly urged upon Congress. On the 22d, 1,200 stands of arms for the second regiment to leave here were obtained from the arsenal under orders from Governor Curtin and stored in the City Hall, to be distributed to the companies previous to their departure. The Committee of Public Safety, on April 23d, authorized the purchase of 3,000 stands of arms for home defense, and the banks of the city were requested to place at the disposal of the committee the sum of $25,000 to pay for them. On the day following they agreed to make it $30,000. Six- teen field pieces had already been presented to the committee by Knapp, Rudd & Co. On the 23d, twenty-six hogsheads of bacon, destined for Baltimore, and thirty or forty boxes of goods, destined for other Southern ports, were seized and held by the committee.
Early on the morning of the 24th of April the second regiment, consist- ing of eleven companies, assembled on the East Common in Allegheny, pre- paratory to their departure eastward, where it was greeted by a great crowd of enthusiastic citizens. From here the regiment moved through a drenching
559
HISTORY OF PITTSBURG.
rain to the residence of William Bagaley, where a beautiful flag was presented to the Zouave Cadets, Robert McKnight making the presentation speech on behalf of Mrs. Bagaley and other ladies of Allegheny. The companies leaving were as follows: Jackson Blues, Captain McKee; Duquesne Grays, Captain Kennedy; Washington Infantry, Captain Morris; Zouave Cadets, Captain Rob- erts; Firemen's Legion, Captain Stewart; Washington Invincibles, Captain McGuffin; Lawrence Guards, Captain Leasure; Washington Infantry (Com- pany B), Captain McFarland; Fort Pitt Guards, Captain Charlton; Union Guards, Captain Tomlinson; Union Cadets, Captain Patterson; Butler Blues, Captain Purviance; and Monongahela Artillery, Captain Cooper, the last six being under the command of Major Rowley, late captain of the Washington Infantry. The City Guards, under Captain Hays, were permitted to remain until the 25th, and Company B of the Duquesne Grays until the 26th. With this large body of troops, consisting of about 1,200 men, General Negley and staff took the train for the East. The scene at the depot upon the departure of these volunteers was most affecting. Many men could not restrain their tears, while among the ladies there were few dry eyes. All realized that the brave fellows were not embarked on a fool's errand-that in a short time many would die of disease or wounds, or be killed in battle, for the preser- vation of the Union. "A denser mass of human beings, perhaps, never con- centrated in this city. The trains moved off at 11:20, followed by the shouts of the assembled thousands, and the prayers and benedictions of many a father, mother, brother and sister. It was a sccnc long to be remembered by our citizens, and will only be equaled by that which we fondly hope to see- the safe return of our gallant volunteers" (n).
Thus, in eleven days, from Sunday, April 14th, to Wednesday, April 24th, inclusive, nearly two thousand volunteers of Allegheny County had been recruited, organized and sent forward ready for battle. This is a remarkable showing, and should for all time redound to the honor and glory of this com- munity. Nor was this all, for enough companics to form at least two more regiments were either wholly formed and organized, or were in process of formation, to be used either as a home guard or as a new corps for the field. The citizens-men and women of all parties-were terribly in earnest.
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