Standard history of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, Part 20

Author: Wilson, Erasmus, 1842-1922; Goodspeed, Weston Arthur, 1852-1926. cn
Publication date: 1898
Publisher: Chicago : H.R. Cornell & Co.
Number of Pages: 1192

USA > Pennsylvania > Allegheny County > Pittsburgh > Standard history of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania > Part 20

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Two large New Orleans boats arrived at Pittsburg in one week in November, 1838, loaded with 500 bushels of potatoes, 8,000 pounds of cheese, window-sash, patent buckets, tubs, keelers, etc., all finding a ready sale to the enterprising owners (k). Wholesaling was lively in November, 1838, principally in dry goods, groceries, hardware, queensware and particularly in boots and shoes, which special branch showed a marked increase over previous years. Iron and nails were on the rise (1). In consequence of the very low stage of water in the Ohio River in the summer of 1838 freight rates between Pittsburg and Cincinnati advanced to $I per hundred and cabin passenger rates to $8 (m).

"The number of boats cleared from Pittsburg eastward since the opening of canal navigation at Pittsburg on March 25th last to the morning of May 9th is 716, loaded with the products of the West, viz .: Flour, bacon, lard, tobacco, hemp, furs, skins, wool, feathers, wheat, corn, iron, nails, castings, Pittsburg manufactures, stone, coal, etc., the tonnage amounting to 19,139,259 pounds and tolls amounting to $14,028.26. The number of boats that have arrived from Johnstown and intermediate ports in the same time is 713, loaded with foreign and domestic goods, viz .: Dry goods, hardware, queensware, groceries, liquors, drugs, marble, burr-blocks, blooms, castings, salt, etc., the tonnage amounting ·to 30,166,173 pounds. There are ninety-six boats regularly registered plying on the canal from Pittsburg to Johnstown and back, and about twenty-five transient boats, making in the whole on the Western division about 121 boats. Each boat on an average is manned by a captain, two steersmen, a cook and two drivers, making on the whole number of boats 847 persons. The following regular lines are comprised in the above list and ply daily between Pittsburg and Johnstown,

(i) Advocate, November 8, 1838.

(j) Gazette, November 7, 1838.

(k) Harris' Intelligencer, November 16, 1838.

(1) Harris' Intelligencer, November 16, 1838.

(m) Cincinnati Republican, August 2, 1838.

174

HISTORY OF PITTSBURG.

viz .: Pennsylvania Packet Boat Company; Express Packet Line; Pioneer Packet Line, Little, Linford & Hays, agents; Western Transportation Company, same agents; Union Transportation Company, H. & P. Graff, agents; Bingham's Transportation Company, William Bingham, agent; Pilot Transportation Com- pany, James Paul, agent; James O'Connor & Co.'s Patent Portable Car Body Line, Taaffee & O'Connor, agents; Pennsylvania and Ohio Line, McDowell & Co., agents; Mechanics' Line, Samuel M. Kier, agent; Despatch Line, J. C. Rey- nolds, agent; Reliance Freight Line, John McFaden, agent; Hollidaysburg Line, J. C. Rea, agent. Judging from all the facts in my possession the business on the Western division of the Pennsylvania Canal has so far this spring increased fully twenty-five per cent, and will doubtless continue in the same ratio" (n).

"The New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore markets are now well provided with supplies of fresh spring goods, the stocks of which are daily improving. Pittsburg will have in a very few days a large and excellent assortment of all kinds to meet the spring demand. One gentleman who keeps a wholesale variety store in Wood Street has received from Philadelphia, via Chambersburg, by the railroad and wagons, thirty packages in about twelve days, and our wholesale merchants generally are getting on goods by this conveyance; so that we will soon have a good supply in market" (o).

During the winter of 1838-9 there were fifty-five steamboats laid up here; but all went out before March 1, 1839. Forty steamboats were here at once on February 28, 1839, and thirty of them were discharging cargoes, or getting ready, and two were idle, and one was in the floating dock repairing, and eight were new boats which had never turned a wheel. All except one lay below the Monon- gahela River bridge. From February 12th to 28th inclusive there were 102 arrivals and 94 departures of steamboats. During the same time eight keel-boats and twenty-two flatboats from the Monongahela and the Youghiogheny rivers unloaded here (p). Ready-made clothing was no doubt kept for sale in limited lines and quantities almost from the start, but it remained for the canal era to develop exclusively ready-made clothing houses here. A. Phillips & Co.'s was one of the first establishments. Their factory was in Philadelphia. There arrived here on April 2, 1839, the steamboat Maine from the Illinois River, with 170 casks of bacon for shipment over the canal.

"This parcel of bacon is but part of 1,000 hogsheads put up at the same place, designed for the Philadelphia market by the same route. This is the first instance known to us of a large shipment of the produce of that part of Illinois being diverted from the New Orleans route, hitherto its accustomed channel. The cost of transportation from Beardstown to Pittsburg is no more than it would have cost to New Orleans-say 50 cents per 100 pounds. The cost hence to Philadelphia will be 87 cents per hundred pounds" (q).

In January, 1839, bacon was quoted at 10} cents a pound; hogs at $7 per hundred; flour at $6.12 per barrel; beef cattle at $7 per hundred; wheat, $1.20; oats, 56 cents; barley, $1; butter, 18 to 20 cents; whisky, 48 cents. In the spring of 1839 six steamboats ran up the Monongahela, three arriving and three depart- ing daily. James May was secretary of the Board of Trade Association in the spring of 1839. During the week ending April 4, 1839, Pittsburg merchants bought 268,000 pounds of bacon (r).

"Manifest of cargo on board steamboat Corvette, John Hogarty, master, from

(n) Report of Absalom Morris, supervisor western division Pennsylvania canal, to W. J. Wheaton, surgeon U. S. A., president of the Medical Board which met at Pittsburg spring 1839, to decide on the most suitable place for the location of a national Marine Hospital.

(o) Harris' Intelligencer, February 9, 1839. (p) Harris' Intelligencer, March 2, 1839. (q) Advocate, April 3, 1839. (r) Daily Advocate, April 4, 1839.

John Herion

177

HISTORY OF PITTSBURG.

Cincinnati, March 27, 1839: To J. Painter & Co., 131,504 pounds pig-metal; J. Wilkinson, 24 boxes candles; Irvin & Robinson, 20 boxes of soap; Hutchison & Ledlie, 325 hogsheads bacon; J. Butler, 30 boxes of soap; James Ward, 2 casks of bacon; William Johnson, 57 casks bacon" (s).

"Corn .- Large quantities of this article continue to arrive from the Ohio, the Wabash and even from Peoria, Illinois. The Embassy, which arrived here yesterday, brought 1,600 bushels from the Wabash. A gentleman here said yes- terday: 'The quantity of boards and plank that has already arrived and stopped, or been taken past this city for the lower markets, already exceeds 25,000,000 feet, besides large rafts of logs, scantling, shingles, etc. The lumber trade of this noble river annually exceeds 50,000,000 feet of boards and plank, and enough other timber to reach the value of $1,000,000 annually. Owing to the drouth last fall the usual quantity was not sawed, and the price has advanced about 33 per cent. One extensive concern in this city bought and dried near 2,000,000 feet up the Allegheny and brought it down this spring" (t).

On June 22, 1839, there were in port here on both rivers fifty-six steamboats, "the largest number," said the Intelligencer, "ever seen here at one time," and be- sides these there were a large number of keel and flat boats, arks, rafts of lumber, etc. (u). By the spring of 1839 trade with the Wabash River had greatly increased, though previously it had been almost wholly controlled by Louisville and Cincin- nati. In 1839, for the first time in noticeable quantities, goods were sent to Iowa Territory, to Santa Fé and other remote Western parts; in fact, it was a common sight to see Santa Fe traders on the streets of Pittsburg.

"We have had a great season of business-nothing before like it, and every indication is that after a partial suspension of a few weeks everything will go for- ward again with renewed energy. Our manufacturers of all kinds are pushing on with great activity to renew their exhausted stocks in time for the fall business. Among our artisans there are no dull times" (v).

The faith which Pittsburg had for so many years of commercial prosperity placed in the Ohio River was severely disturbed by the terrible drouth of 1838. The river sank so low that only keel-boats could run upon it for several months, thus limiting to a marked degree and to inadequate means the immense trade which was the sustenance of this hungry commercial center.

"The difficulties and disappointments thus produced excited general attention to the matter, and the noble Ohio was stripped of all the honors which twenty years of faithful service had earned, and the project of a canal along its bank even to Cincinnati was seriously discussed in some quarters .. The Ohio has now been navigable without interruption for almost five months, and during that time from 600 to 900 steamboats, with their various cargoes, have arrived here from the most distant ports-from the Falls of St. Anthony on the north, New Orleans on the south, Peoria on the Illinois, Delphi at the head of the Wabash, and various other widely separated rivers and towns. As many, or prob- ably more, have departed freighted with the products of our own and foreign countries to supply the wants of the rapidly increasing millions of our fellow citizens between our city, the Rocky Mountains on the west, British possessions on the north and the Gulf of Mexico on the south. This much has the Ohio already done for us this season, and it is uncertain how much longer it may con- tinue to serve us. The two seasons together, one of drouth, the other of a good stage of water, are calculated to attract public attention to the importance of improving the channel of the river" (w).

"Sperm Oil .- The Pittsburg Intelligencer estimates the quantity of sperm oil

(s) Gazette, April 5, 1839.

(u) Harris' Intelligencer, June 22, 1839.

(w) Gazette, July 1, 1839.

(t) Harris' Intelligencer, April 12, 1839.

(v) Daily Advocate, July II, 1839.

178

HISTORY OF PITTSBURG.

sold annually in Pittsburg to be from 500 to 600 casks cach, amounting to about $100,000" (x).

"Silks .- Harris' Pittsburg Intelligencer states that one of the stores in that city will in a short time be supplied with domestic manufactured silk goods for the accommodation of the public (y).

"Among the arrivals yesterday was the Paris from Beardstown, Illinois, hav- ing on board, among other articles, seventy-five tons of bacon, to be sent east- ward by the canal; also, the Detroit, from the Missouri River, with 2,200 bags of corn" (z).

In 1839 Peoria, Ill., and vicinity began to rival Pittsburg in the production of coal for Western use. Kingsland & Lightner opened up the trade of that local- ity in 1839. Previously, coal from Pittsburg, used in St. Louis, cost 50 cents per bushel, but soon good coal could be taken there from Peoria at a cost of 15 cents a bushel. The establishment of Kingsland & Lightner in St. Louis alone consumed 10,000 bushels annually.

During the year 1839 there arrived here 652 steamboats, and departed 662 steamboats; arrived 336 keel-boats and departed 335 keel-boats; arrived 359 flat- boats and departed 358 flatboats; tons imported by them, 63,9432; tons exported, 84,915.

During the month of March, 1840, there arrived in Pittsburg 175 steamboats; and from the Ist to the 17th of April, 102. In May, on one occasion, more than forty canal-boats stood at the wharves taking on loads of flour, tobacco, bacon, etc., destined for Philadelphia and Baltimore. The iron steamboat Valley Forge left Pittsburg May 26 for Cincinnati, Louisville, St. Louis and St. Anthony's Falls.

"The number of boats cleared since the opening of navigation (on March 16th) to the 30th of June, inclusive, is 1,109, and the amount of tonnage since October 31st is 44,853,318 pounds and the tolls $28,066.96. The amount of tonnage here since the opening of navigation is 19,676,983 pounds. There are about 120 boats plying on this division of the canal. The regular lines are as follows: Pennsylvania Packet Company, Western Transportation Company, Union do., Bingham's do., Patent Portable Car Body Linc, Mechanics' Line, Dispatch do., Reliance do., Hollidaysburg do., North American do., C. W. Cald- well, agent; Baltimore, Pittsburg and United States Line, H. Devin, agent; Pennsylvania and Ohio Line, McDowell & Co., agents" (a)

"We present this week the aggregate of the business on the Pennsylvania Canal arriving at and departing from the port of Pittsburg for about four months, viz .: From the 16th of March, the time the canal opened, to the 14th of July (some only reporting to the Ist of July), furnished by the different canal transpor- tation companies to John B. Bakewell, Wilson McCandless and Hilary Brunot, a committee of councils, and William Ingham, collector, for the use of the board for selecting a site for the marine hospital for the United States on the Upper Ohio River:

Flour 106,17I barrels.

Whisky

1,032 barrels.

Window and other glass 33,431 boxes.

Dried apples. 1,500 bushels.

Wheat. 86,616 bushels.

Coal. 17,867 bushels.

Tobacco in hogsheads 513,435 pounds.

(x) Cleveland Herald, October, 1839.

(y) Niles National Register, November 23, 1839.

(z) Gazette, April 24, 1839.

(a) Report of William Ingham, canal collector, July 9, 1840. 1

179

HISTORY OF PITTSBURG.

Bacon in hogsheads 9,812,431 pounds.

Mess pork. . 6,138,300 pounds.

Cotton in bales 377,719 pounds.

Lard in kegs 1,474,610 pounds.

Butter in barrels.

38,568 pounds.

Buffalo robes and deerskins in bales

287,334 pounds.

Wool in sacks. .

203,356 pounds.

Feathers in sacks

44,537 pounds.

Hemp bales.

45,049 pounds.

Ginseng sacks

92,240 pounds.

Rags .. .

55,741 pounds.

Sole leather

12,4II pounds.

Venison

4,340 pounds.

Castings.

15,130 pounds.

Dry goods, groceries, hardware and other miscel- laneous.

4,591,91I pounds. (b)

In 1840 there arrived here 1,393 steamboats and departed 1,413 steam- boats; keel-boats arrived with merchandise, 385; flatboats arrived with merchan- dise, 377; flatboats arrived with coal, brick, sand, etc., 913.

In January, 1841, Thomas Bakewell was elected president of the Board of Trade; Lewis Peterson and John D. Davis, vice-presidents; Josiah King, secre- tary; James Marshall, treasurer. In January, 1841, navigation opened on the rivers, and in a few days 350 tons of iron and nails were sent out (c). In April, 184I, it was noted that a parcel of tobacco from Maysville, Ky., was carried by boat to Pittsburg for 20 cents per hundredweight, and thence taken by wagon to Baltimore for 85 cents per hundredweight. This was considered very low.

"The Susquehanna Railroad has proved itself a most efficient and important medium of transportation between Baltimore and Pittsburg. We learn from the Commercial Journal that the five transportation lines whose operations are con- ducted on this road and the Pennsylvania works have conveyed the following amount of merchandise and produce from the 16th of March to the Ist instant: From Baltimore, 1,274,317 pounds ; from Pittsburg, 1,922,765 pounds" (d).

In the spring of 1841 the trade to Lake Erie via the Crosscut Canal was beginning to attract attention; also to Bucyrus, Akron, Cleveland and other points in Ohio.

"The Valley Forge .- This iron steamer is now doing a good business and we have in our office her last two manifests from Pittsburg to Nashville and back again. She was loaded for Nashville and intermediate ports with a list of near two thousand packages, 139 consignees, 27 cabin and 93 way passengers, and her manifest is ten feet long-a pretty good length, we think, for one steamer. Her return cargo was 323 bales of cotton, 49 hogsheads of tobacco, six kegs and two boxes of specie, 17 packages sundries, 15 tons way freight, 81 cabin and 40 deck passengers and ten consignees" (e).

"Our freight lines are now forwarding Western produce to Baltimore and Philadelphia-for bacon, pork, butter, lard, tobacco, etc., 62} cents per 100 pounds ; cotton, 56} cents per 100 pounds, and flour, $1.25 per barrel"' (f).

"Within a few years the transportation of freight and passengers between this city and Beaver has assumed a great degree of importance. A few years ago the business was done by a keelboat or two, which made occasional trips. Then

(b) Harris' Intelligencer, July, 1840.

(d) Niles National Register, May 22, 184I.

(e) Harris' Intelligencer, April 20, 1841.

(f) Harris' Intelligencer, April 30, 1841.

180

HISTORY OF PITTSBURG.

a steamboat ventured into the trade, but for some time met with indifferent success. Now, however, two steamboats, the Cleveland and Fallston, leave our wharf daily with heavily freighted keel and canal boats in tow, and generally with a goodly number of passengers. In the last two months about 2,000 tons of freight have been carried by these boats, consisting of produce from Ohio and the counties of Mercer, Beaver and Erie, seeking a market through the Crosscut and the Pennsylvania canals, and of goods for those regions bought with their products. The immediate trade between Pittsburg and Beaver, of course, greatly adds to the amount of business. The Cleveland and Fallston (which we may here remark, and we speak from personal knowledge, are commanded by obliging and efficient officers) connect with separate lines of canal boats on the Beaver Division, and freight and passengers are sent forward with the least possible delay" (g).

The question of improving the navigation of the Allegheny River by slack- water works as far up as Franklin and thence of constructing a canal to Lake Erie was discussed with great seriousness in 1841. The immense-almost over- whelming-trade that poured through Ohio to Lake Erie set the thoughts and wits of the citizens of Pittsburg at work. What a wonderful advantage it would be for Pittsburg could the bulk of the trade be diverted through this city to Balti- more and Philadelphia, was the prevailing thought. Unexpected forces and conditions were already at work to settle the question.

"Package and freight boats arrive regularly on the Pennsylvania Canal with 20 to 25 tons each, Eastern goods, on the freight boats, and it will be seen that the business on the Crosscut to Cleveland is good for the season. Our rivers are all as low as they have been for forty years, yet keel-boats arrive and depart daily. Freight to Maysville and Cincinnati is at $1.123 and Louisville $1.25, with an upward tendency. We have been sadly disappointed by the long dry and warm weather, but on consulting among our oldest merchants and steam- boat captains they all concur in the opinion that the equinoctial storms will open navigation" (i).

"The coal trade of Pittsburg and the immediate vicinity is very large and amounts in the course of a year to a million or near a million of dollars, and is every year increasing with the population and the great Western demand. In Harris' Directory of 1837 it was estimated at 11,304,000 bushels, at 5 cents, worth $565,200. A few days ago we went on the Minersville Turnpike and were astonished to see the very large number of carts, two, three, four and six horse teams constantly going and coming on that road alone; and this is only one of the many roads adjoining, as well as boats engaged in supplying our cities and manufactories. On consulting John Herron we were informed that about two hundred loads daily pass on the Minersville Turnpike. This gives employment to a great many poor and industrious men, who, with their carts or wagons, go out twice or thrice a day, purchase the coal at the pits for 33 cents, pay the cash down, haul it to the city and sell in loads, from 18 to 84 bushels each, at 5% to 61 cents a bushel or from $1.123 to $5.00 a load, thus giving all classes a chance for constant supply at a fair price" (j).

It was specially noted in March, 1842, that many traders from Santa Fé and other points in the far West were in Pittsburg to buy supplies. Messrs. Otero, Armego and Perea, from Santa Fé, bought here forty large packages of har- ness for 172 mules and 26 large wagons suitable for Western roads and trade. They spent here about $5,000 in gold. The goods were shipped by steamboat to Fort Independence, and thence across the wild prairie to their destination.

(g) Mercury and Democrat. June 9, 1841.

(i) Pittsburg Intelligencer, September 10, 184I.

(j) Pittsburg Intelligencer, January 5, 1842. -

18I

HISTORY OF PITTSBURG.

From the fact that these traders had inspected the markets of New York and other cities, and had finally made their purchases in Pittsburg, it was inferred that this city could more than compete with the East for the far Western trade. The harness was purchased of R. A. Hartley and the wagons of Cyrus Townsend & Co. This was but one of many such purchases (k).

"The trade and commerce of this city with Santa Fe, Chihuahua and the leading towns of Mexico are gradually increasing. Six-horse wagons are con- structed in Pittsburg, loaded with assorted goods from New York and Philadel- phia, transported to Independence in Missouri, and then driven across the country to Mexico, where they are sold and paid for in specie or the best funds" (h).

"Santa Fé Traders .- The following gentlemen arrived Saturday on the North Carolina for the purpose of procuring Pittsburg manufactures for the Santa Fé trade: Messrs. John C. Armigo, Nesta Armigo, Joseph Golreis, Mitteana Edriscio, Micatante Otaro, Lantrange Floris, Ambrose Armigo, Francis Chacis, Jaachim Parah and Philip Chacis" (o).

"Eleven Santa Fé wagons, made by Cyrus Townsend, started yesterday from Pittsburg. They had been ordered for the Santa Fé trade" (p).

COMPARATIVE TABLE.

April 4, 1839. July 13, 1842.

Bacon, assorted

9₺ to 10 cents 2 to 23 cents.

Lard ..

IO cents

4 to 4% cents.

Butter, keg.

16 cents

5 to 6 cents.

Butter, roll

22 cents

6 to 7 cents.

Oats. .

62₺ cents

20 cents.

Blooms

$100.

$50.

Pig-iron

$ 42

$20.

Lead.

6 cents

3 cents.

Whisky .

43 to 45

13 to 15 cents.

Molasses .

26 cents.

Salt.

$ 2.12

$1.00.

Clover seed.

11.50 to $12.00

4.00 to $4.50.

Dried peaches 2.50 to 4.00 1.75.

"Tobacco .- 9,303,766 pounds of tobacco have been shipped at Pittsburg through the Pennsylvania Canal this season up to the 30th of June, being one- third more than to the same period last season" (m).

"Between Saturday morning and Sunday evening at 5 o'clock there were twenty-seven arrivals and thirteen departures of steamboats, all freighted, and many of them with remarkably large cargoes. We were curious to add up the imports of molasses and sugar alone during the thirty-six hours ending at 4 o'clock yesterday, and found them 5,002 barrels molasses and 769 hogsheads of sugar, all designed for sale in our market. Forty-two steamboats lay at our wharves yesterday afternoon, eleven of them new and in greater or less degree unfinished. Those who enjoy a peep of busy life may be eminently gratified this morning by a stroll on our wharves. Thirty steamers, that were yesterday as still as churches, will have begun with the dawn to pour out their multifarious masses of pork and pig-metal, bacon and tobacco, molasses and lead or corn, or to take in their mountains of iron, nails, glass, plows and wagons; and there will be such a stirring and animating panorama, such a tempest of excited and noisy draymen, such a din of discordant sounds, as will satisfy the most hardened lover of busy scenes" (n).

(k) Chronicle, March, 1842.

(o) Commercial Journal, April 6, 1846.

(m) Niles National Register, July 29, 1843.

(h) Pittsburg Intelligencer, July, 1841.

(p) Commercial Journal, April 29, 1846.

(n) Commercial Journal, March 9, 1846.

182

HISTORY OF PITTSBURG.

"A day or two since we spoke of the immense number of wagons and other vehicles constructed in Pittsburg to fill orders from Santa Fé. Mr. Townsend himself has filled orders to the amount of $26,000 for that place this spring. He has just made for the Governor of New Mexico, Santa Fe, one of the most beautiful specimens of carriage we have ever seen. Its cost is $1,000. Mr. Hartley of Wood Street has, during the present season, furnished harness for 320 mules for the same destination. During the last fifteen years the Santa Fé merchants and traders have ordered their wagons, harness, etc., from this city" (s).

The following were the clearances on the canal for the years mentioned:

Flour, barrels. Bacon, pounds.

1840

144,942

7,165,807

184I

101,192

9,587,032

1842

113,976

13,284,716

1843

1 30,780

23,004,722

1844

I IO,355

19,105,845

1845

82,033

15,155,338

In 1841 the tonnage of dry goods, groceries, drugs and dyestuffs, oils, for- eign liquors, fur and peltry, window-glass and whisky on the canal amounted to 15,005; but in 1845, on the same articles, fell to 12,378. In 1842 high rates of toll on many articles were reduced, and in subsequent years further reductions were made. In 1842 the tonnage of hardware, queensware, fish, German clay, coffee, copper, tin and hemp was 4,257; but in 1845, on the same commodities, reached 16,819. In 1844 the tonnage of hardware, coffee, fish, tin, copper, tar and rosin was 10,527, and in 1845, 13,504. A reduction in toll was made in 1845 over that of 1844. The most remarkable difference was noticed in the tonnage of certain other articles of commerce. In 1844 the tonnage of dry goods, drugs and medicines, muslins, foreign liquors, hides and furs and peltries was 16,223, but the following year, on the same articles, it fell to 12,242. The year 1845 was one of unusual prosperity, in spite of this showing (q).

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Standard history of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, Part 20

Author: Wilson, Erasmus, 1842-1922; Goodspeed, Weston Arthur, 1852-1926. cn Publication date: 1898 Publisher: Chicago : H.R. Cornell & Co. Number of Pages: 1192

Author: Wilson, Erasmus, 1842-1922; Goodspeed, Weston Arthur, 1852-1926. cn
Publication date: 1898
Publisher: Chicago : H.R. Cornell & Co.
Number of Pages: 1192