History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884, Part 1

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898. cn; Westcott, Thompson, 1820-1888, joint author
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : L. H. Everts & Co.
Number of Pages: 992

USA > Pennsylvania > Philadelphia County > Philadelphia > History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884 > Part 1

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GENEALOGY COLLECTION

ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY 3 1833 02232 6562

BUILDING

SO.LADEL VIA FTOM . TATE-HOU! S CHIEPLE.

IISTOR

LILADELPPLILA,

1000 1884

سـ بوير

HISTORY

PHILADELPHIA.

1609 1884.

J. THOMAS SCHARF AND THOMPSON WESTCOTT.

IN THREE VOLUMES. VOL. II.

PHILADELPHIA. L. H. EVERTS & CO. 1884.

PRESS OF J. B LIPPINCOTT & ID PHILADELPHIA.

CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.

MANNERS AND CUSTOMS, 1700-1800 CHAPTER XXVIII. 1136127 PAGR

853

CHAPTER XXIX.

AMUSEMENTS OF THE PHILADELPHIANS

939

CHAPTER XXX.

INNS, TAVERNS, ORDINARIES, COFFEE-HOUSES, AND HOTELS

980

CHAPTER XXXI.

998

CHAPTER XXXII.

1029

CHAPTER XXXIII.

MUSIC, MUSICIANS, AND MUSICAL SOCIETIES

1075

CHAPTER XXXIV.

CLUBS AND CLUB LIFE .

1092

CHAPTER XXXV.

AUTHORS AND LITERATURE OF PHILADELPHIA .

1099

CHAPTER XXXVI.

LIBRARIES AND HISTORICAL AND SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES .

. 1173

CHAPTER XXXVII.

RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS

1229

CHAPTER XXXVIII.

CHARITABLE AND BENEVOLENT AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS .

1449

CHAPTER XXXIX.

THE BENCH AND BAR

. 1491

CHAPTER XL.

MEDICAL PROFESSION

1578

CHAPTER XLI.

PROMINENT WOMEN IN PHILADELPHIA HISTORY

1685

iii

MILITARY

ART AND ARTISTS

ILLUSTRATIONS OF VOLUME II.

PAGE

ACADEMY OF MUSIC (EXTERIOR) . 1084

COSTUMES 890

ACADEMY OF MUSIC (INTERIOR)

COSTUMES 1085

ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

1203

COXE, TENCH .

1135

ACRELIUS, ISRAEL . 1239

AGNEW, D. HAYES

1626

FRANKLIN . 859

ALLEN, RICHARD

1397

CUYLER, THEODORE 1546

AMERICAN BAPTIST PUBLICATION SOCIETY

1489

DALLAS, A. J. 1526

APPRENTICES' LIBRARY .

1209

DUNLAP'S (JOHN ) HOUSE 926

ARNOLD, MRS. BENEDICT (PEGGY SHIPPEN) .

1692

DU PONCEAU, P. S. 1123

ASBURY, FRANCIS . 1395

ATHENEUM LIBRARY BUILDING

1207

ELECTION SCENE IN FRONT OF STATE-HOUSE IN 1815 938

BIDDLE, NICHOLAS .

1539

ELWYN, ALFRED L. 1462

976

BINGHAM, MRS. WILLIAM

1693

BINNEY, HORACE

BLUE ANCHOR INN .

BOOK-PLATE OF DR. BENJAMIN RUSH

BRADDOCK'S GRAYE

1002

FURNESS, WILLIAM HENRY 1406

BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN .

BROWN, DAVID PAUL .

1549

GRAEME, THOMAS . 1579

GROSS, S. D. . 1624

1141

HAHNEMANN MEDICAL COLLEGE 1658

HAMILTON, ANDREW 1501

CARR, BENJAMIN

1077

HEBREW SYNAGOGUE (BROAD STREET) . 1442

HOMINY MAN . 930

HOPKINSON, FRANCIS 1521

HOPKINSON, JOSEPH

1533

CENTRAL CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH 1408

HOSPITALS IN PHILADELPHIA

1664

CHANDLER, JOSEPH R. . . 1171

CHAPMAN, NATHANIEL .

. 1612

HUTTER, ELIZABETH E. 1456

CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS 1450

JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE

1649

CHESTNUT STREET THEATRE, FIRST (INTERIOR) 971

CHRIST CHURCH, FIRST . 1342

KELLEY, WILLIAM D. . 1550

CHRIST CHURCH

1345

LAY, BENJAMIN 1120

CHRIST CHURCH CHIMES . 1344

CHURCH OF ST. JAMES THE LESS . 1354

LEWIS, WILLIAM . 1527

LUTHERAN CHURCH (1743) 1420

CLAGHORN, J. L. .

1072

MCKEAN, THOMAS . 1516

CLARK'S INN . 982

CLAY, J. C. . 1240

COAT OF ARMS OF JAMES LOGAN

1174

MOORE, THOMAS 928

CONTINENTAL HOTEL

998 MORAVIAN CHURCH (1742)

. 1323

BINGRAM, WILLIAM

1180

1541

FOURTH OF JULY CELEBRATION IN CENTRE SQUARE IN 1819 . 936

981 FRIENDS' MEETING-HOUSE NEAR MERION 1244

1188

FULTON, ROBERT 1040

CADWALADER, DR. THOMAS

CAREY, MATHEW

CARPENTER'S MANSION

854

CARROLL, MRS. CHARLES, JR.

1696

CATHCART, WILLIAM . 1310

CATHEDRAL OF STS. PETER AND PAUL . . 1385

HUTTER, EDWIN W.

1428

LEIDY, JOSEPH 1619

MERCANTILE LIBRARY 1212

MEREDITH, WILLIAM M. 1542

916

CREAM POT PRESENTED TO HENRY HILL BY BENJAMIN

D'YRUJO, MARCHIONESS (SALLY MCKEAN) 1695

FORREST, EDWIN

1133 GODFREY'S (THOMAS) HOUSE .

872

1581

JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL 1678

CRURCHES OF PHILADELPHIA . 1230

ILLUSTRATIONS OF VOLUME II.

PAGE

MOTT, LUCRETIA

1697

RUSH, MRS. JAMES 1186

MUHLENBERG, G. H. E.

1124

SARTAIN, JOHN

1060

NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH (SWEDENBOROIAN)

1435

SEAL OF PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY . . 1180

NORRIS (CHARLES) MANSION .

870 SERGEANT, JOHN

1535

NORRIS, ISAAC

1500

SHARSWOOD, GEORGE 1548

PANCOAST, JOSEPH .

1620

SHEPPARD, FURMAN

1552

PASTORIUS HOUSE (GERMANTOWN) .

895

SHIPPEN, EDWARD .

1509

PATRIOTS' PEW IN CHRIST CHURCH

1335

SHIPPEN'S (EDWARD) MANSION

871

PEALE, CHARLES WILSON

1036

SIMPSON, MATTHEW

1400

PEMBERTON PLANTATION

1668

SMITH, JOHN JAY .

1184

PENN'S SILVER TEA SERVICE

859

SMITH, WILLIAM

1126

PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS (OLD)

1070

SOUTHWARK THEATRE, OLD . 966

PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS

1071

ST. GEORGE'S METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH

1396

PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY (OLD BUILDING)

1220

ST. JOSEPH'S CHURCH, 1776

1371

PENNSYLVANIA HISTORICAL SOCIETY

1221

STOCKS

857

PENNY POT-HOUSE .

981

STUART, GILBERT 1043

SULLY, THOMAS . 1047

PHILADELPHIA, FROM STATE-HOUSE STEEPLE . frontispiece

SWEDES' CHURCH (GLORIA DEI)

1234

PRILADELPHIA LIBRARY (INTERIOR)

1185 TILGHMAN, WILLIAM

1513

PHYSICK, P. S.

1604

TUNKER CHURCH (GERMANTOWN)

1315

POULSON, ZACHARIAH

1166

UNION LEAGUE CLUB-HOUSE 1097

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, ASSOCIATE

1276

UNITED STATES NAVAL ASYLUM 1669

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, SECOND

1272

VAUX, RICHARD

1544

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, THIRD

1267

WATCHMAN, OLD

858

PRICE, ELI K.

1536 WATSON, JOHN FANNING

. 1169

PROUD, ROBERT

1130

WEBB, THOMAS

1394

READ, T. BUCHANAN

1172

WEST, BENJAMIN

1032

REDMAN, JOHN

1592

WHITE, WILLIAM

1332

REED, HENRY

1152 WICACO BLOCK-HOUSE

1024

REFORMED CHURCH, FIRST

1411

WILLIAMSON, HUGH

1146

RIDGWAY, JACOB .

1187

WISTAR, CASPAR .

1594

RIDGWAY BRANCH OF THE PHILADELPHIA LIBRARY 1182

WOOD, GEORGE B. .

1602

ROCHE, M. B.

1434 WOOD, JAMES F. .

. 1386

RUSH, BENJAMIN

1590

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION BUILDING . 1488

RUSH, DR. JAMES .

1186 ZINZENDORFF, COUNT

1320

PAGE

PETERS, RICHARD .

1529

HISTORY OF PHILADELPHIA.

CHAPTER XXVIII.

MANNERS AND CUSTOMS, 1700-1800.

PENN'S CITY-DURING THE REVOLUTION-THE AMERICAN CITY.

WHAT would have been William Penn's amaze- ment if, on his leaving Philadelphia, in 1701, he could have had a vision of the future ; if he had been told that three-quarters of the new century would barely have elapsed when the bells of that city would ring their joyful peals in honor of the birth of a nation, and "proclaim liberty throughout the land to all the inhabitants thereof;" if, peering still farther into that mysterious future, he had seen that nation, standing a giant amidst its elders, a living example of the blessings of freedom ? But Penn, however far- sighted, had no such vision. Neither can we, even in this wonderful progressive age, pierce the veil of futurity and read what changes another century shall bring. The past alone is ours, and if, looking into that past, we see, with the mind's eye, the City of Brotherly Love as it was when its founder left it, never to return, and then turn to the Philadelphia of to-day, the contrast will be almost as great a matter of wonder to us as the vision would have been to Penn.

And yet the origin of Philadelphia is not hidden in the mist of ages, like that of the ancient cities of the Old World ; it is not legendary, we need not accept uncertain facts from tradition, although more thau two centuries have passed away since the first white man's cabin was built on the shore of the Delaware, and our fathers were participators in the struggle for liberty to which we owe our being as a nation. We should be too familiar with our history to wonder at it. But the rapidity of the changes that occurred in the last century has done the work of ages. Old landmarks have been swept off, records destroyed, the chain of events broken, so to speak. So busy, so hurried is life in our day, that we scarcely note the changes that take place around us. It must be the historian's task to collect the scattered material ere it is lost, to restore the missing links of facts ere they are disfigured by tradition, and by his pen-pictures of the past to at- tach a new interest to objects and sites amidst which we live unmindful of the memories they awake.

Philadelphia, at the beginning of the eighteenth

century, was an object of curious interest to the stranger. Its green meadows, blooming gardens, and noble forest-trees endowed it with a sylvan beauty which the lover of nature, the seeker of peaceful rest, must have found very attractive, while the prac- tical observer could not but be struck with the bus- tling activity which already reigned about its wharves, its mills and shops, and the hopeful, contented air of its inhabitants.

The first few years of the eighteenth century did not bring much change in the mode of life or the cos- tume of the Philadelphians, but they brought much improvement in the general appearance of the city. Many new houses were built, of brick, and generally two or three stories high. Some of these houses had a balcony, usually a front porch,-a feature of vast im- portance in house-building, for it became customary for the ladies of the family in pleasant weather to sit on the porch, after the labor of the day was over, and spend the evening in social converse. In those early days, and for a long time after, the young ladies of Philadelphia did not think it disgraceful to help in the housework ; a few, having a large retinne of ser- vants, and being gifted with artistic tastes, devoted themselves to painting, or did fancy needle-work ; none were positively idle. But when the sun went down they were dressed and ready for the porch- parade; there neighbors eame for a chat about those engrossing subjects, dress and housekeeping ; friends called, and beaux strutted by in powdered wigs, swords, square-cut coats, tights, and silk stockings, running the gauntlet of all those bright eyes in order to lift the three-cornered hat to some particular fair one, and to dream about the sweet smile received in return.

If we are to believe the old chronielers, love-making was a very tame affair then. The "girl of the period" did not yet exist, though the " dude" might, under another name; young ladies received company with their mammas, and the bashful lover, in the presence of the old folks, had to resort to tender glances and softly-whispered vows. Marriages were ordered pro- mulgated by affixing the intentions of the parties on the court-house and meeting-house doors, and when the act was solemnized, they were required [by law ] to have at least twelve subscribing witnesses. But true love laughs at shackles and bolts, the poet says ; and Watson's " Annals" tells us the history of the elope-

853

854

HISTORY OF PHILADELPHIA.

ment (in 1707) of Col. Coxe with Sarah Eckley, a Friend and wealthy heiress. The funny part of the story is that the runaway couple, hastening through the Jersey woods in the night-time; met the chaplain of Lord Cornbury, the then Governor of New Jersey, and prevailed upon him to marry them, then and there, by fire-light.

The wedding entertainments must have been more of a nuisance than a pleasure, either for the parents or the young couple. They were inspired by a con- ception of unbounded hospitality, very common at that time. Even the Quakers accepted them with good grace until the evil consequences of too free drinking on those occasions compelled them to counsel more moderation. There was feasting dur- ing a whole day, and for the two following days punch was dealt out ad libitum to all comers. The gentlemen invited to partake of these libations were received by the groom on the first floor ; then they ascended to the second floor, where they found the bride surrounded by her bridesmaids, and every one of the said gentlemen, be they one hundred, kissed the bride, so says the chronicle. It is to be hoped that the gentle bridesmaids took pity on the poor bride, and out of sheer generosity offered themselves in sacrifice to share the attentions of those gallant gentlemen.

On Second Street, corner of Norris Alley, was a commodious house, known as the Slate-roof House, and huilt before 1700 by James Porteus for Samuel Car- penter, who sold it to Penn. A very full description of this house, as well as of the house of Edward Shippen, first mayor of Philadelphia, of whom it was said that "he was distinguished for three great things,-the big- gest person, the biggest house, and the biggest coach,"-has been given in the notes to pages 158, 159. The same notes con- tain biographical sketches of Shippen and Samuel C'arpenter. We may add here that the last- named worthy citizen, who did so much toward building up the young eity, left a numerous pos- terity. The Carpenter family of New Jersey are his descendants in the male line, while the female line is represented by the Whartons, Fishbournes, Merediths, Clymers, and Reads, all of Philadelphia.

A substantial brick building had been erected by Robert Turner so far back as 1685, at the northeast corner of Front and Areh Streets. A little later, he built, near the other, on Front Street, a large brick house, three stories high, " besides a good large brick cellar under it, of two bricks and a half thickness in the wall."

Robert Turner, in his letter describing his buildings, goes on to speak of the brick houses of Arthur Cook, William Frampton, John Wheeler, Samuel Carpen- ter, John Test, and others, all which houses, he says, have balconies.

William Frampton, Samuel Carpenter, and Robert Turner had established wharves under Penn's patent. Turner's patent was for Mount wharf, below Arch Street; Carpenter's for Carpenter's wharf, between Walnut and Dock Streets; and Frampton's for the lower wharf, between Dock and Spruce Streets.

The conditions of these patents are interesting as showing how Penn endeavored to preserve the bank on the east side of Front Street from being built upon ; and also as indicating how King Street, after- ward Water Street, was established. After reciting that permission is granted to "erect a wharf or quay, and to build houses thereon, for ye better improve- ment of ye place, as well as for his own particular profit," the deed provides that the said grantee,

" his heirs and assigns, do and shall in convenient time leave and make a sufficient cartway under and along by ye front of ye said banke, thirty foot wide, for ye common use of all persons in ye daytime; and also to make and erect convenient stairs, or other access, from ye water to ye said wharf, and from ye said wharf to ye street, by ye name of lower wharf, and to keep them in repair-to be for ye common use of all per- sons forever. Provided, also, that ye said William Frampton, his heirs

JOSHUA CARPENTER'S MANSION, CHESTNUT STREET WEST OF SIXTH. [From an old drawing in Philadelphia Library.]

und assigns, do not erect or raise any buildings above four feet above ye top of ye said banke, unless hereafter any person shall have privilege to build higher," etc.

Joshua Carpenter, the brother of Samuel, built a fine mansion on Chestnut Street, between Sixth and Seventh Streets-at the time a rural spot, remote from what was known as " the city," and where a citizen might have his country-seat. The grounds were beautifully laid out, and the fruit-trees and garden shrubbery for a long time attracted visitors. Many associations are connected with this house. Governor

855

MANNERS AND CUSTOMS, 1700-1800.

Thomas occupied those premises from 1738 to 1747. We are told by Watson that the Governor's amiable lady endeared herself to the young folks by indulging the pretty misses with bouquets and nosegays on May-day, and permitting the boys to help themselves from her fine cherry-trees.

There at one time lived with her father, Dr. Graeme, the celebrated Mrs. Ferguson, the poetess. Mrs. Ferguson was the granddaughter of Sir William Keith.

The Carpenter mansion changed hands several times ; in 1761 it belonged to John Ross, attorney-at- law, who sold it to John Smith. In 1774 it became the property of Col. John Dickinson, who made great alterations to it, causing a new front, in modern style, to be made, facing on Chestnut Street. It then passed into the hands of Gen. Philemon Dickinson. During the war of Independence it was used as a military hospital. It was subsequently fitted up in magnifi- cent style, and became the residence of the Chevalier de Luzerne, who gave there a brilliant entertainment, with fire-works, in honor of the birth of the Dauphin of France. In 1779 it was occupied by Monsieur Gerard, the French ambassador. Finally, it became the property and residence of Judge Tilghman, who sold it to the Arcade Company in 1826.

At the southwest corner of Third and Chestnut Streets was the magnificent mansion known as Clarke Hall. It was the property of William Clarke, of Lewes, a wealthy lawyer, who had been one of the members of the original Council of the Governor in 1682-83, and collector of customs in 1692. Mr. Clarke bought the lot from Thomas Rouse, in 1694, and erected upon it a fine brick house, with a double front, two stories high, with a hipped roof. It was then con- sidered the largest house in town, and its fine garden was much admired. In 1704, Mr. Clarke conveyed his property to his son, William Clarke, Jr., on the occasion of the latter's approaching marriage with Rebecca Curtis, of Barbadoes. Young Clarke does not seem to have inherited his father's prudence and good management of his affairs, for in 1718 the As- sembly of Pennsylvania directed that the house and lot at the corner of Third and Chestnut Streets should be vested in Charles Read and other trustees, and sold for the benefit of the creditors of William Clarke, Sr., and William Clarke, Jr. The property was conveyed to Andrew Hamilton by Anthony Houston, who had purchased it from the trustees. But the Privy Coun- cil repealed the act of the Assembly providing for the sale of Clarke Hall. Suit was entered in the High Court of Chancery, in England, by the representatives of William Clarke, Jr. After long delays the case was decided against Andrew Hamilton. He had died pending the suit, and his son, James Hamilton, bought up the rights of the claimants, and sold Clarke Hall to Israel Pemberton in 1745.

In 1701, Charles Read, merchant, purchased from Letitia Penn part of the large lot granted to her by

William Penn four months previous. The piece sold was at the southwest corner of Front and Market Streets, measuring twenty-five feet front on the former by one hundred feet depth on the latter. It was con- sidered the best piece in the Letitia lot. Mr. Read built a house on the corner, two stories high, with a high gable forming a third story, with a low garret- room above. A heavy eave from the second story and gables timbered and squared near the apex, gave this house a very quaint appearance.1 Mr. Read died in 1737, and two years later his widow sold the prop- erty to Israel Pemberton, who lived in it until he bought Clarke Hall. After his death it became the property of his son John. In 1754 a public coffee- house was established on the premises, which there- after was always known as the London Coffee-House. The want of a central coffee-house for the benefit of the merchants and traders had long been felt, and this one was established by subscription ; the trustees, George O'Neill, William Grant, William Fisher, and Joseph Richardson, intrusted the management to Wil- liam Bradford, who had been the first promoter of the enterprise.

The success of the enterprise very soon demonstrated how much the want of such a place had been felt by the better class of people, who objected to frequenting noisy taverns. Merchants met at the Coffee-House and transacted business over a cup of the fragrant beverage; the Governor and most of the high officials became regular habitués ; ship captains hastened to bring there their budget of news, and strangers of distinction were brought to the Coffee-House to form the acquaintance of leading men. It became the great auction mart, public vendues of horses, carriages, and even of slaves, being held under the large shed which extended from the house to the gutter on both front sides.

Many exciting scenes took place in front of this popular resort during the troublous times which were the prelude to the Revolution. In 1765 bonfires were made of stamped parchment and of a Barbadoes paper bearing a stamp. In 1766, Capt. Wise, of the brig " Minerva," having brought from England the news of the repeal of the Stamp Act, was escorted to the Coffee-House amid the buzzas of an enthusiastic crowd and there treated to a huge bowl of punch, in which he drank "Prosperity to America." It was there, also, an indignant crowd burned in effigy Thomas Hutchinson, Governor of Massachusetts, and

1 Charles Read was a person of considerable importance in the young province. Logan writes of him to Penn in 1702, in relation to some transactions io which he hadacted as appraiser, that he took him, " with the most here, to he a truly honest mao." He held several important offices. He was a Common Councilman In 1716; aldermao, 1726; and mayor of the city, 1726-27. He wss sheriff of the county, 1729-31 ; jus- tice of the peace in 1718 until his death ; clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions nod Orphaos' Conrt for some time before his death ; meniber of the Governor's Council, 1733; and judge of admiralty under the king, appointed 1735. All these were highly important positions, showing that Mr. Read was a man of most excellent character, trustworthy in all respects .- Westcott's "Historic Mansions."

856

HISTORY OF PHILADELPHIA.

Alexander Wedderburn, British solicitor-general, who had grossly insulted Dr. Franklin before the Privy Council. There, at last, on the 8th of July, 1776, when the Declaration of Independence had been pub- licly read, the king's arms, taken down from the chamber of the Supreme Court, were carried in pro- cession and burned in the middle of the street, amid the cheers of the crowd.

If we have been led to speak at some length of the old houses of Philadelphia, we must not overlook the fact that from the beginning the spiritual needs of her citizens were provided for. A history of her churches fills an entire chapter of this book. We shall merely mention here such as were in existence during the period of which we are describing the manners and customs.

The Friends, naturally, since they were the most numerous, had several meeting-houses, the oldest being the Centre Square Meeting, erected in 1685. The Lutheran Swedes, after worshiping for several years in an old square block-house, attended service after 1700 in their beautiful church of Gloria Dei. The Church of England congregation had Christ Church erected in 1702. Previous to this date they had another church, the exact locality of which is not known, although there is proof that it existed since 1696.

The Presbyterians and the Baptists, after meeting together for worship in a small store, separated. The Presbyterians erected their first church in 1704. The Baptists had a small wooden building on Second Street from 1707 to 1731, when they pulled it down and built a brick church.

Catholics, by the laws of England, were not per- mitted to hold public worship, and the oldest chapel known to have been built by them was erected in 1753, in Willing's Alley. The first Lutheran Church was built in 1743 on Fifth Street. There was a large immigration of Germans,-forty thousand between 1701 and 1725. Many Swiss came over, settling first near Germantown, then at Pequea, in Lancaster County. These immigrants, like the first settlers at Germantown, included a good many Mennonites. In 1708 this sect had a church at Germantown, with fifty-two members, Rev. Jacob Godtschalk, pastor.1

1 William Rittenhouse, Harman Casderp, Martin Kolb, Isaac Van Centern, Conrad Johnson, Henry Cassel, and their wives, Harman Taylor, John Key, Peter Caernects, Paul Klumpkes, Arnold Van Fossen, John Kolb, Wynant Bowman, John Gorgas, Cornelius Classen, Arnold Koster, Mary Tuynen, Ileleun Key, Gertrude Conners, Mary Van Tossen, Barbara Kolb, Anna Bowman, Margaret Huberts, Mary Sullen, Elizabeth Hnsters, Margaret Tuysen, Altien Revenstock, Jolin Nise, Hans Nise, John Lensen, Isaac Jacobs, Jacob Isancs, Hendrick Sellen, John Connerts, Peter Keyser, Herman Koster, Christopher Zim- mermann, Sarah Van Centern, Civilin Connerts, Altion Tuysen, Catha- rine Casselberg, Civilla Von Fossen. " Branches from this church were established at Skippack, Conestoga, Great Swamp, and Manntawny before and about 1726, and they had added as ministers Henry Kolb, Martin Kolb, Cince Johnson, Michael Zlegler, John Gorgas, John Cone- rada, ('lana Rittinghonson, Hans Burgwaltzer, Christian Herr, Benedict Ilirschy, Martin Beer, Johannes Bowman, Velte Clemer, Daniel Langa-

The Moravian Church at the corner of Race and Bread Streets was built in 1742. The Methodist Church is of a later period. The first German Re- formed Church was built on Race Street, near Fourth Street, in 1747.

It will be seen from the above list that the men of all denominations who came here to seek entire freedom of conscience and liberty of worship were not disap- pointed.

But however prosperous the condition of the new city, its people soon became aware that even in this land of plenty, of which Pastorius said, "God has made of a desert an inclosed garden, and the plan- tation about it a fruitful field," there could be suf- fering, and that "the poor ye shall always have among ye" is no vain prediction. They built a poor- house on a green meadow extending from Spruce to Pine Street, and from Third to Fourth Street. This substantial, and, for the time, vast building also served the purpose of an asylum for the insane and a hospital. A large piazza ran round its four sides. The grounds were handsome, with many fine shade- trees. Altogether it was a noble charity.

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History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884, Part 1

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898. cn; Westcott, Thompson, 1820-1888, joint author Publication date: 1884 Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : L. H. Everts & Co. Number of Pages: 992

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898. cn; Westcott, Thompson, 1820-1888, joint author
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : L. H. Everts & Co.
Number of Pages: 992