History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884, Part 100

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898. cn; Westcott, Thompson, 1820-1888, joint author
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : L. H. Everts & Co.
Number of Pages: 992

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For two years the First Church was without a set- tled pastor. In 1806, Rev. James Patriot Wilson was elected pastor. He was a native of Lewes, Del., where he was born on the 2Ist of February, 1769, and was the son of Dr. Matthew Wilson of the Presby- terian Church. He was educated at the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1788. After he left college he was for some time surveyor-general of the State of Delaware. He turned his attention to the study of the law, and was admitted to the bar in the year 1790. He became a successful and dis- tinguished lawyer, and practiced for about twelve years, when he directed his mind to theology, studied for the ministry, and was ordained. The reasons for his doing so were the unexpected death of his wife and the assassination of his brother before his eyes. In 1804 he was chosen pastor of the united congrega- tion of Lewes, Cool Spring, and Indian River, Del., which he served for two years. In 1806 the First Church elected him pastor, and he was installed on the 19th of June of that year. lle continued in the service of the church until the spring of 1830, having maintained the ministry with acceptation. "He was of tall and lank figure, and pallid from the habit of bloodletting. . . . For some years before his death

his infirmities compelled him to preach sitting on a high chair in the pulpit."

During this period Dr. Wilson wrote and published " Lectures upon some of the Parables and Passages of the New Testament," in 1810. He edited the ser- mous of Dr. John Ewing, and wrote a biography of that clergyman, which was published in 1812. He annotated "Ridgley's Body of Divinity" in 1814. He published an "Easy Introduction to Hebrew," 1812, and an "Essay on Grammar" in 1817.

The First Presbyterian Church building, in Market Street, at the time it was finished was considered the handsomest religious edifice in the city. It was also eligibly situated. But the movement westward in- creased greatly in the early part of the century, and the Market Street Church became entirely surrounded with stores and places of business. In addition there was imposed on the congregation, after some years, the necessity of expensive repairs. The showy portico on Market Street was supported by wooden pillars and exposed to decay, and fifteen thousand dollars was thought necessary to place the building in a tenable condition. A large number of the congregation thought it would be a waste to expend this amount upon the church edifice, and recommended that the lot be sold and a new church be erected at some other place. This point was not carried without contro- versy. A pamphlet, published in 1819, stated that all the pews were occupied, except a few parts of those which were most distant in the gallery. It was said that there were seventy applications for pews standing on the church-books, the parties waiting to obtain the pews they desired. The last letting of a pew before the pamphlet was issued was to an appli- cant of fourteen years' standing, and there were others remaining from eight to twelve years' standing. These statements were adduced in argument to show that there was no necessity for removing the church, and that it was in a state of prosperity.

The arguments iu favor of a change were at length successful. On the Ist of May, 1820, the congrega- tion held a meeting, and by a vote of seventy-five to thirty-four ordered the trustees to purchase the lot at Seventh and Locust Streets. It was conveyed by Elizabeth D. Pritchett and James Paul (executor of Thomas Pritchett), by deed of May 15, 1820, subject to a consideration of twenty thousand dollars, secured by mortgage, the lot being ninety-nine feet on Locust Street and one hundred and fifty feet eight inches on Seventh to a four-feet wide alley.1

The house was so far finished in July, 1821, that the congregation was enabled to assemble in the "prayer-room." The old congregation took the ma-

1 The lot was a yard for the sale of cattle, etc., and at that time had a large stremn of water running through it and over the street into Wash- ington Square. The columns of the new church were sanded in the lot on which was afterward built by Langdon Cheves, of Charleston, S. C., the honse subsequently occupied by Evans Rogers, southwest corner of Seventh [ Washington Square] and Locust Streets,

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jority of the pews, and the vacant pews were disposed of on the 12th of November of that year. The new church building was the largest and finest yet erected in the city. The architecture was of the Grecian order, and the model was an Ionic temple on the river Ilyssus, in Greece. The portico, supported by pillars, was seventy-five feet in width, and was very lofty. The extreme length of the church, including the portico, was one hundred and forty feet. A base- ment intended for the use of the Sunday-schools, and for many years employed in that service, was in the first story, and the pastor's study was upon the same floor. The main body of the church was in the second story, the approach to which was by steps at the sides leading up to the floor of the porticoes. Here large doors opened into a vestibule, which was seventy-one feet long and thirty-two feet deep, ex- tending along the front of the building, apartments being taken off at each side. Over this was the prayer- or session-room, seventy-one by thirty-two feet, which contained a fine organ. The main audi- ence-room of the church was eighty-five feet long and seventy-one feet wide, and would seat thirteen hundred persons. Wide staircases, with heavy carved balustrades, led to the galleries, which extended around the north, east, and west sides of the church. The pulpit was large and roomy, and stood at the south end of the church. A large organ was placed in the second story for the use of the congregation, and the acoustic qualities of the church were always considered most excellent.

In 1800 the Second Presbyterian Church, north- west corner of Third and Arch Streets, was under the pastoral charge of Rev. Ashbel Green and Rev. Jacob J. Janeway. In 1802, on account of the yellow fever, Mr. Green left the city on the 4th of August. There was some intermission of the services of the church. During the interval he preached at Princeton, Han- over, and Hackettstown, N. J. Finally Mr. Green and family went to Mr. Ralston's place, near Princeton. Mr. Green returned in November, and thenceforth preached regularly at the Second Church. Mrs. Green died on the 15th of January, 1807. After this Mr. Green suffered very much from impaired health and from depression of spirits, but continued his labors without interruption. In 1812 he was made president of the College of New Jersey. He removed to Princeton, where he remained until 1822, when he returned to Philadelphia. After Mr. Green's removal, Dr. Janeway remained as principal pastor of the church. As a preacher he was "didactic and me- thodical, avoiding the flowery paths of rhetoric. On all public occasions he acquitted himself creditably. His figure was portly and his countenance benevo- lent. He was singularly self-poised and unimpas- sioned." [Davidson]. Rev. Thomas H. Skinner, then a young man, was appointed assistant to Dr. Jane- way. He was born in North Carolina in 1791, gradu- ated at Princeton College, and was licensed to preach

in 1812. His first charge was at the Second Church, where he remained until 1816. His withdrawal was caused by differences between himself and Dr. Jane- way on controversial points. Mr. Skinner espoused the views which became known as those of the " New School" side, and Dr. Janeway was decidedly in favor of the "Old School." The preaching of pastors holding dissimilar views divided the congregation, and caused the creation of parties. The dissensions led to such bitterness that, in 1816, Mr. Skinner, with some fifty followers, withdrew from the Second Church, and formed the Fifth Church.

In 1809, the congregation requiring more room for worship than the dimensions of the old church af- forded, considerable alterations were made. The upper part of the steeple had previously been torn down, leaving the tower. This was now demolished, and the extra space thus gained was thrown into the body of the church, additional walls being built on Arch Street. The length of the building was ninety feet. The pulpit, which had been on the north side of the church, was removed to the western end, and the pews were changed so as to face the pulpit. The old brass chandelier was removed, and an imported glass one was put in its stead. The sides of the church were still lighted by candles placed in sconces, which hung around the walls. During the alterations the congregation worshiped at the Tabernacle Church, in Ranstead's Court, running west from Fourth Street, above Chestnut. Mr. D. L. Peck conducted the sing- ing portion of the services in this church in 1814.

On the 22d of October, 1812, Elias Boudinot pre- sented to the congregation four brick houses and lots, at the northeast corner of Ninth and Cherry Streets, in trust, to allow Mr. Boudinot and his daughter, Susan V. Bradford, to use, improve, and enjoy the said premises during their lives; after their death, for the use and benefit of " poor widows and children who may be unable to provide for themselves, in such way and manner as shall be most beneficial, in the opinion of the said trustees, to the charitable design intended," with power to sell and convey the property as to them may deem meet. Mrs. Susan V. Bradford did not die until 1854; but long before that time the property was used for the purposes intended, being called " The Widows' Asylum," and being managed by trustees.

A correspondent in the Philadelphia Sunday Dis- patch, speaking of the old church, says,-

" In ite day it was one of the most important parishes of our city. Some of the most distinguished men of our city and country worshiped within its walls. The immortal Washington, when he resided here, and when our city was the seat of government, had a pew appropriated to him by the trustees of the church, and it was named the . President's pew.' Dr. Ashbel Green was then the pastor, and Washington was a great admirer of his preaching. I have often heard my father say, for he was a member of the church at that time, that the pew was in the north aisle of the church. When the benediction was pronounced, and the congregation was about leaving on that side of the building, all would remain standing until the President passed out. When he walked down the niste he would acknowledge the compliment by gracefully

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looking from one side to another with a pleasant smil- of the counte- nance. The old glass chandelier that he admired, and wbich ia called ' the Washington chandelier,' is still in possession of the church at Walnut and Twenty-first Street". The church at that time was lighted by heavy glass chandeliers and spermaceti candles. The venerable George Washington Musgrave . . . received his first religious impres- sions in that church, as well as many other gentlemen. The late Rev. John L. Grant was also a member, and afterward studied for the minis- try under Dr. Janeway. The venerable Abraham Martin, at one time cashier in the custom-house, was superintendent of the Sunday-school. . . . After Dr Janeway left the congregation hecame dissatisfied and quarreled among themselves, which led to n separation. Finally the building was sold, and in 1837-38 was demolished. The congregation -what was left of it built a church on Seventh Street, and that also proved a failure."

Dr. Janeway remained in charge of the congrega- tion, having no assistant. He was a good man, and a plain, practical preacher. There was a large con- gregation, and there always was a good attendance. His andience embraced some of the most respect- able and influential gentlemen of our city. In 1828 he was elected to a professorship in the college at Pittsburgh, which he accepted. He was succeeded in the pastorate of the church by the Rev. Joseph Sanford, who came from Brooklyn. He entered on his duties in February, 1829; but the pastorship was not very pleasant to him. With some of his congre- gation fault-finding was constant, so much so that his constitution could not stand it, and he died at his residence in Arch Street, below Sixth, on Christmas night, Dec. 25, 1831, aged thirty-four years. His friends left the church and built the "Central," at Eighth and Cherry Streets. His opponents remained at the church, and in the fall of 1833, called the Rev. Cornelius C. Cuyler, D.D., of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., to become their pastor ; but the church not improving under his ministry, and being far down town, the old congregation decided to build a new church on Seventh Street, below Arch. Many preferred the lot that was then vacant at the northeast corner of Thir- teenth and Arch Streets, but there was a " hue and cry" raised on account of its being too far west. After much difficulty the congregation purchased the old house and ground on Seventh Street from the heirs of the late John Wagner, and commenced the building of the church. Ground had hardly been broken before the mistake was discovered that they had made a bad selection ; but it was too late to be remedied. The church and ground in 1836 and 1837 cost abont sixty thousand dollars. In its day the old church was con- sidered one of our most influential churches, em- bracing among its members such men as Peter S. Du Ponceau, Charles C'hauncy, Josiah Randall, Alexan- der Henry, Robert Ralston, Matthew L. Bevan, Sam- uel Hazard, John Stille, Andrew Bayard, Isaac Snow- den, Charles Holland, Thomas Latimer, John Maybin, Samuel Richards, Charles Macalester, Sr., John W. l'erit, John V. Cowell, Robert Taylor, Judge Fergu- son, James Moore, Thomas Hart, John V. Hart, Elisha Kane, William Bell, John Harnard, Robert Murphy, Matthew Newkirk, and Thomas Leiper, whose names are well known in the history of the city.

The corner-stone of the new Second Presbyterian Church, on Seventh Street below Arch, was laid in September, 1836, and the church was opened for service in July, 1837. Dr. Cuyler, the pastor, preached in the morning, Dr. Ashbel Green in the afternoon, and Dr. Janeway in the evening. Dr. Cuyler con- tinned pastor of the church until the spring of 1850, when he tendered his resignation, which was ac- cepted. Dr. Cuyler was brought up and educated for mercantile pursuits, but left that profession and studied for the ministry of the Dutch Reformed Church, and afterward joined the Presbyterian Church, when he received a call to the Second Pres- byterian Church of Philadelphia, in 1833. Few men stood higher in the church than he, and it was much to be regretted that his declining years were rendered so unhappy. He died of a carbuncle, in great agony, Angust 31, 1850, and the funeral services were held in the church. He was succeeded by the Rev. Charles W. Shields, who resigned in the summer of 1865. He was succeeded by the Rev. E. R. Beadle, D.D. Not being successful, the church was soon vacated, and altered to a place for dramatic and Ethiopian performances. Negro minstrelsy did not flourish on Seventh Street, and the building in July, 1881, gave way to business purposes. The old Second Presby- terian Church then erected a new building at the southeast corner of Twenty-first and Walnut Streets.

In the diary of Rev. Ashbel Green, pastor of the | Second Church, he refers to the establishment of what was called the New Church at Campington, in the Northern Liberties. The congregation had been instituted before the Revolution. It was dispersed during the war, but was revived afterward, through the exertions of Ashbel Green and Dr. Sproat, they agreeing between themselves that Dr. Sproat should preach in the Northern Liberties on Sunday morning and in the city in the afternoon, while Mr. Green would preach in the city on Sunday morning and evening, and in the Northern Liberties on Wednes- days. Success not attending the effort, it was relin- quished after six months' trial. About 1804 another attempt was made to revive this church, and Sunday, April 7, 1805, the church was opened for public worship.1

1 Mr. Isaac Snowden, in a manuscript journal quoted by Rev. T. J. Shepherd, in "The Days that are Past," describes the opening of this house for worship. Hr says, " The service of the consecration or solemn dedication of the new church in Campington began with a short intro- ductory prayer for a blessing by Dr. Green. Then Mr. Bradford resd 2 Chronicles vi., and gave out a hymn. Mr. Janeway prayed and gave out the one hundred aud twenty-second Psalm. Dr. Green preached from 2 Chroniclea vi. 40-41 : ' Now, my God, let, I heseech Thee, Thine eyes be open, and let Thine ears he attentive unto the prayer that is made in this place. Now, therefore, arise, O Lord God, into Thy resting place, Thou, and the ark of Thy strength ; let Thy priest-, O Lord God, be clothed with salvation, and let Thy saints rejoice in goodness.' In the evening Mr. Janeway preached from 1 Kings viii. 27: 'But will God indeed dwell on the carth? Behold, the heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain Thee ; how much less this house that I have builded !' The church was exceedingly crowded both morning and evening."

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For the encouragement of the congregation, and for the accommodation of this church, William Coates, of the Northern Liberties, made a gift of a lot of ground at the northwest corner of Second and Coates Streets, with a front on Second Street of seventy-three feet six inches, and two hundred and nine feet on Coates Street, extending to St. John Street. The church building was of brick, of plain but substantial character, and " of comely proportions and modest ornament," says Dr. Green. The house was sixty feet front by eight feet in depth. The building was a great improvement to the neighborhood, and had considerable influence in advancing the value of property in the district, and in increasing the number of buildings. For years the religious wants of the church at Campington were attended to by Rev. Dr. Green, by his colleague, Rev. J. J. Janeway, and after Dr. Green left the Second Church, by Rev. Thomas H. Skinner, while he was connected with that church, and sometimes by Joseph Eastburn, familiarly known as " Father Eastburn." This ar- rangement was uncertain and not always satisfactory, and the congregation was ambitious for some more permanent arrangement. As long as the Campington Church was a portion of the Second Church, the members were obliged to defer to the wishes of the older congregation. But the idea of separation gradu- ally strengthened, and at length an amicable conclu- sion was reached.

On the 20th of April, 1813, the Presbytery of Phila- delphia authorized the church at Campington to separate from the Second Church, and constituted the persons who withdrew the First Presbyterian Church in the Northern Liberties.1 In the suc- ceeding month Samuel Macferran, Joseph Abbott, John Gourley, and Thomas White, with two others who declined to serve, were elected elders, and were ordained on the 23d of the same month by Dr. Jane- way, of the Second Church. During the summer Messrs. Richard Crake, Horace Galpin, and James Patterson preached for the congregation ; and on the 27th of September, of the same year, the Rev. James ' Patterson was called to the pastorate, and was in- stalled on the 11th of January, 1814. Fifty commu- nicants of the Second Church, but worshiping at Second and Coates Streets, formed the new congrega-

tiou. A charter under the laws of the commonwealth for the First Presbyterian Church in the Northern Liberties was obtained Jan. 6, 1814. On the 12th of January-the day after Mr. Patterson's installa- tion-the church was formally organized. Mr. Patter- son was born at Ervina, Bucks Co., Pa., on the 17th of March, 1779, and was removed by his parents to Upper Strasburg, Franklin Co. He was brought up on a farm, and intended to lead the life of a husbandman. But a violent cold, which he contracted when sixteen years of age, disqualified him for laborious pursuits, and drove him to the necessity of obtaining a classical education, in order to earn means of future support. He entered an academy at Shippensburg, and after- ward completed his course at Jefferson College. He then went to Princeton, N. J., to pursue his theologi- cal studies under the direction of the Rev. Drs. Smith and Kollock, of Princeton College. In 1806 he was appointed tutor in that institution, and held the office two years. In 1808 he was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of New Brunswick, and became pastor of the church at Bound Brook, N. J. At the First Church, in the Northern Liberties, Mr. Patterson re- mained until the time of his death, Nov. 17, 1837.

A society was organized in the spring of 1815, under the title of the " Union Sabbath-School Association of the Northern Liberties." It was one of the first organizations of the kind in Philadelphia, and it led to the establishment of others in various parts of the city. It opened with one hundred pupils, and in a few weeks many more were added. Beside the school in Coates Street, adjoining the church, the Union Sabbath Association opened the Spring Garden school, at the corner of Eighth and Buttonwood Streets, in 1817; Cohocksink school, " a mile and a half out of town," about the same time; Kensington school, Frankford road above Otter Street, also about 1817. A school for colored pupils, on Coates Street above Fourth, was also opened about the same time. Mr. Patterson established prayer-meetings shortly after he assumed the pastorship. On these occasions the members of the church would take part, and were led to exhortation and speaking. This method of "lay preaching," as it was called, caused consider- able feeling among Presbyterians of other churches, and was denounced as " a trespass upon the rights of the clergy, and an unwarrantable liberty with func- tions appertaining to the ministry, or at most to the eldership." Mr. Patterson was sustained in this innovation by Rev. James P. Wilson and Rev. Thomas H. Skinner, and perhaps by one or two others, but the body of the clergy and some of the laity were against him. In 1816 a revival took place at Mr. Patterson's church, the result of which was the admission of seventy persons to the congregation. These were mostly young persons, between the ages of thirteen and twenty years. Only four of them were above the age of thirty years. Adjoining the church upon Coates Street, a building for the pur-

1 The following were the members of the Second Church who were dis- missed to form the First Presbyterian Church in the Northern Liberties: Samuel Macferran, Joseph Abbott, John Gourley, Thomas White, Peter Benner, Sarah Henderson, Susannah Lutz, William White, Sarah Craw- ford, Margaret Patterson, Margaret Wallace, Elizabeth Forsyth, Eliza- betb Wallheimer, Joseph Grice, Mary Grice, Margaret Nagle, Ann Ford, Mary Rice, Sueannah Ziegler, Elizabeth Ziegler, Catharine Dempsey, Catharine Hartman, Susannab Pollock, Lucretia Fry, Martha Craige, Sarah Fenton, Mary Greeu, Mary Macferran, Nancy White, Susannah McClurg, Rebecca Wilson, Jane White, Jane Campbell, Sr., Jane Camp- bell, Jr., Joshua Burley, Rebecca Burley, Mary Smith, Amy Free, Eliza- beth Jones, Margaret Crawford, Mary Phile, John MI. Hood, Francis Grice, Benjamin Wells, Elizabeth Sager, Mary Walle, William Wallace, Andrew Mandercon, Elizabeth Manderson, Elizabeth Abbott, and Eliza- beth Gourley.

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poses of a lecture-room, and for accommodating the Sunday-schools, was erected in 1816. It was thirty- two feet front by fifty-two feet deep, and was three stories high. It was built upon a joint-stock capital, and cost over six thousand dollars. In after-years it was sold, and was altered into a theatre, being known as the Coates Street Theatre. The congregation un- dertook this expensive work in the hope that means would be found to discharge the debt and supply a revenue meanwhile to the stockholders, but the result was embarrassing, and for many years the church struggled under the load of this debt. Some of the stockholders were dissatisfied, and to quiet them the church assumed their claims, and borrowed money on mortgage to meet the obligations. It was a source of anxiety and mortification for a long time. The elders of this church between 1800 and 1825 were as follows: Samuel Macferran, Joseph Abbott, John Gourley, Thomas White, Francis Markoe, Charles Anderson, William A. Stokes, Samuel S. Barry, prize of fifty sovereigns offered by the Highland Ag- Robert Wallace, Isaac Will, and Robert Sawyer.

When the Rev. Mr. Patterson was installed, in 1814, the only means of warming the church was by ten-plate wood-burning stoves. In 1816 pyramid stoves were introduced, hut wood was the only fuel used. In 1819 the first experiment of the burning of coal was made, but the use of the material was con- fined to the session-room. The church was dependent on the use of wood for heating purposes for several years afterward. Under the pastorship of the cler- gymen of the Second Church there was no necessity for finding means to light the church, as services In 1805, Mr. Milledoler was called to New York, where he became pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Rutgers Street. He afterward became president of Rutgers College. He died at Staten Island Sept. 22, 1852. were not held in the evenings. But after Mr. Pat- terson came to the pulpit there was a change in this matter. In 1816, during the revival, the necessity of holding meetings in the evenings was apparent, and to provide for it the trustees bought ten brass Rev. Archibald Alexander was called to the Third Church in 1806. He was a native of Virginia, born near Lexington on the 17th of April, 1772. He studied theology, under Rev. Mr. Graham, at Liberty Hall, afterward Washington College. He was licensed to preach when nineteen years old, and was ordained, becoming pastor of Briery Church, Va., in Novem- ber, 1794. He received a call from the Third Church of Philadelphia in the same year, but declined it, assigning as a reason that he did not possess the necessary ability to discharge the duties in such a place. Mr. Alexander was installed May 20, 1807, and remained in the service of the Third Church until 1812, having been elected professor in the theo- logical seminary at Princeton in the previous year. His services thenceforth were devoted to that institu- tion. Ile died Oct. 22, 1851. The call to Rev. Archi- bald Alexander was dated Oct. 20, 1806; salary, six- teen hundred dollars per annum. The church session and trustees which united in this call were composed of Samuel Duffield, George Latimer, Ferguson Mc- Ilwain, William Linnard, Robert McMullin, Jacob branch candlesticks and a box of mould candles. The latter required frequent snuffing, and it was the duty of the sexton to go around on tiptoe and attend to that duty frequently during the course of an even- ing's sermon. An attempt to introduce oil in lamps was made in 1818, but candles partially held their own against the intruders for some years afterward. The board of trustees of this church were fifteen in number, and were divided into three classes to serve for one, two, and three years respectively. Between the years 1813 and 1825 the following gentlemen were presidents of the boards of trustees: Joseph Grice, John M. Hood, John Shaw, Robert Brooke, Francis Markoe, Charles Elliott, William Porter, and Adam H. llinkel. The following were members of the board of trustees during the same time: John Gourley, Robert Wallace, Joseph Abbott, Andrew Manderson, Joseph Weatherby, Branch Green, Wil- liam White, John Baker, Samuel Macferran, George Benner, Benjamin Naglee, Samuel Grice, John Naglee, John Brown, Rees Morris, Thomas White, Andrew Wray, Charles Dingey, William A. Stokes, | Mitchell, Conrad Hance, John McMullin, William

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History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884, Part 100

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898. cn; Westcott, Thompson, 1820-1888, joint author Publication date: 1884 Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : L. H. Everts & Co. Number of Pages: 992

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898. cn; Westcott, Thompson, 1820-1888, joint author
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : L. H. Everts & Co.
Number of Pages: 992