USA > Pennsylvania > Philadelphia County > Philadelphia > History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884 > Part 189
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tion which had but a brief career. The names of the corporators given in the act of the Legislature are William J. Mullen, Henry Gibbons, M.D., William J. A. Birkey, M.D., Robert P. Kane, and John Long- streth. The first board of trustees consisted of twenty-one gentlemen whose names serve to show the high eharaeter and standing of those interested in the establishment of the college. They were as follows: Rev. Albert Barnes, Rev. H. S. Porter, Hon. William D. Kelley, Hon. Thaddeus Stevens, Hon. Jolın Bou- vier, Hon. George R. MeFarlane, William J. A. Birkey, M.D., William J. Mullen, Charles J. Bleck, Joseph T. Bailey, Ferdinand J. Dreer, John Long- streth, Robert P. Kane, James Flowers, James Mott, Benjamin Naylor, William S. Pierce, John Dainty, Thomas J. Mitehell, John Jackson, and George W. Reed. The board of trustees has sinee been abolished, and the college is under the management of the cor- porators only, who are at present nineteen in number.
The first session began on the 12th of October, 1850, in a building back of No. 229 Arch Street (old num- ber), which is at present No. 627. The first faculty consisted of the following gentlemen, all of whom were practitioners in high standing : N. R. Mosely, M.D., professor of Anatomy, general, special, and surgical ; James F. X. McCloskey, M.D., dean, and professor of the Institutes and Practice of Medicine; Joseph P. Longshore, M.D., professor of Obstetries and Dis- eases of Women and Children ; C. W. Gleason, M.D., professor of Physiology and Surgery ; W. W. Dicke- son, M.D., professor of Materia Medica and Thera- peutics ; and A. D. Chaloner, M.D., professor of Chem- istry. Changes in the faculty for a number of years subsequently were very frequent, and gradually women began to figure in it. Forty students matriculated at the first session of the college, fifty-two at the second, and thirty-one at the third. As the novelty of the innovation wore off the number of students decreased for several years, but there was afterward a recovery and there has since been a steady increase. The number of matriculates for the winter term of 1882- 83 was one hundred and twenty-five, and for the spring term following, eighty-five.
The first graduating elass numbered eight ladies, whose names were as follows: Susanna H. Ellis, of Pennsylvania; Angenette A. Hunt, of New York ; Anna M. Longshore, of Pennsylvania; Hannah E. Longshore, of Pennsylvania; Franees G. Mitchell, of Pennsylvania; Ann Preston, of l'ennsylvania; Mar- tha A. Sawin, of Massachusetts; and Phoebe M. Way, of Pennsylvania. The first commencement was held on the 30th of December, 1851, in the Musical Fund Hall.
The Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania is the oldest college in the world regularly organized The session of 1861-62 was omitted by reason of the fact that many of the professors and students were employed in hospitals taking care of sick and wounded soldiers. When the exercises of the college were resumed in the fall of 1862, the location of the for the purpose of training women for the medieal pro- fession. It was incorporated hy an aet of the Legis- lature passed March 11, 1850, its corporate privileges being the same as were granted to the Franklin Med- ical College of Philadelphia, Jan. 28, 1846, an institu- | institution was changed to rooms in the Woman's
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HISTORY OF PHILADELPHIA.
Hospital, on College Avenue, which had been erected but a short time previously. The space thus occu- pied eventually became needed for hospital purposes, while the increasing number of students required that the college itself should have more room. As the college had received a considerable sum of money by bequest in 1868, and other contributions had also been given, it was determined to erect a separate building for its use on the lot corner of North College Avenue and Twenty-first Street, adjoining that of the Woman's Hospital. The corner-stone of the building was laid on the 1st of October, 1874, and on the 11th of March, 1875, a reception was given within its walls to the friends of the college. On the 15th of March following the building was opened for the instruction of students for the spring term, and it has been occupied ever since. It is a handsome brick edifice, four stories in height, and contains two large lecture-rooms, capable each of seating three hundred students, with large laboratories for chemical and pharmaceutical classes. It has a well-lighted dis- secting-room, a museum, and the general equipments of a first-class medical college.
The early days of the college were passed in con- siderable poverty, but it is now on firm financial standing, and by bequests and gifts has obtained an endowment fund amounting to over one hundred thousand dollars.
An Alumni Association was organized in 1875, and at their third annual meeting the association deter- mined to apply yearly one-half of its surplus funds to the founding of a medical and scientific library for the use of students and alumni of the college, and the other half to the establishment of an educa- tional fund to be used in the interest of the students as the association may at any time direct. The number of alumni up to 1884 was three hundred and fifty.
Instruction is given in the Woman's Medical Col- lege in all the branches of study taught in first-class medical institutions. It was among the first colleges in the country to lengthen its winter sessions, and adopt a progressive course of study, with a division of final examinations, and it was the first to make a three years' course of study obligatory,-an innovation that is regarded with much favor. The winter session opens about the 1st of October, and terminates about the middle of March. To this course was added some years ago a spring term, which is mainly devoted to demonstrative and clinical teaching, although Jectures are given in special departments of medicine not pro- vided for in the established curriculum of the winter. The spring term is free to every matriculate of the lege who has paid for two or more tickets of the preceding winter course. The duration of the spring term is nhout ten weeks.
Students are given the privilege of being examined at the end of the second winter term in chemistry, matomy, and physiology, and these examinations, if
satisfactory, are final. At the end of the third year they are eligible for examination in their remaining studies.
Students taking a three years' course are expected to attend, during their first year in college, the lec- tures on chemistry, anatomy, physiology, and histol- ogy, with materia medica and general therapeutics, and one other branch, the choice of which may be op- tional; to take a complete course in practical an- atomy, with work in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and physiological laboratories; and to attend the clinics of the Woman's Hospital. During the second winter attendance upon all the required lectures of the course is necessary, with the exception of materia medica and the optional branch, provided these have been included in the studies of the first winter. In the second spring, work in the pathological labora- tory is required preparatory to attendance upon lec- tures on pathology during the following winter ; op- portunity is also afforded for attendance upon such lectures and special courses of instruction as students may elect. During the third winter, attendance upon all the required lectures of the course is necessary, with the exception of those branches in which the final examinations have been passed.
The faculty, however, earnestly recommend a four years' course of study, with a still further division of the final examinations.
Weekly clinics are given before the students at the Woman's Medical Hospital, where over four thousand patients are treated yearly. Students are also ad- mitted to the clinical lectures in the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia (Blockley) Hospitals, and by private arrangement classes may obtain instruction in the wards of the latter hospital, which offer rare opportunities for clinical study.
The daily clinics at Wills Hospital for diseases of the eye, at the eye and ear department of the Phila- delphia Dispensary, and at the Orthopaedic Hospital and Infirmary for nervous diseases are all accessible, and the Philadelphia Lying-in Charity also affords advantages to students.
As a substitute for the supervision of a private pre- ceptor, a student may attend upon the weekly ex- aminations of the winter, upon the spring course, and upon the clinics as provided for in the schedule, each period of attendance upon these courses being con- sidered as equivalent to a year of private preceptor- ship. There are no additional fees incurred by adopting this plan, and the faculty, after a trial of several years, are inclined to think it is a valuable addition to the educational facilities provided by the college.
A reading-room is open to students at the college at all hours, a tax of fifty cents being charged in order to keep up the supply of periodicals. The college also possesses a library which is composed of standard medical works.
Three scholarships, founded and endowed by Ann
1655
MEDICAL PROFESSION.
Preston, M.D., Robert J. Dodd, M.D., and Hannah W. Richardson, M.D., friends of the college, are available to well-educated and deserving young women between the ages of twenty and thirty years. The value of the scholarships is two hundred and forty dollars for the first and second years, and one hundred and twenty dollars for the third year.
Advantages are offered to students in the matter of hospital appointments. Four graduates are appointed annually to serve as assistants to the resident physi- cian in the Woman's Hospital. The large out-practice connected with this hospital is mainly in the hands of these assistants. The competitive examination for the position of interne in the Blockley Hospital has recently been opened to women, and an alumnus of the class of 1883 has already been a successful candidate. The New England Hospital for Women and Children, in Boston, and the Nursery and Child's Hospital, of Staten Island, also make appointments of female physicians, for which graduates of this college may become candidates.
In order to graduate, candidates must have attained the age of twenty-one years.
They must have been engaged in the study of medi- cine for three years, and during two years of that time must have been either private pupils of a re- spectable practitioner of medicine or special students of the college.
The candidate must have attended at least two full courses of lectures on the following subjects : chem- istry and toxicology, anatomy, physiology and hygi- ene, materia medica and general therapeutics, princi- ples and practice of medicine, principles and practice of surgery, obstetrics, gynæcology. At least one full course must have been attended in this college. The candidate must also have taken one course of lectures on histology and on pathology ; two courses in prac- tical anatomy, having made at least one creditable dissection of each of the usual divisions of the cadaver; one course in the chemical, the pharma- ceutical, and the pathological laboratories, and in the practical use of the microscope. Satisfactory evi- dence of having attended at least two courses of clinical lectures in the departments of general medi- cine, surgery, obstetrics, and gynæcology is also required from each candidate for graduation.
The application for the degree must be made six weeks before the close of the session. The candi- date, at the time of application, must exhibit to the dean evidence of having complied with the above requirements ; she must also present the graduation fee and a thesis of her own composition and penman- ship on some subject which has direct application to medicine. Clinical reports in some one department of medicine will be accepted in lieu of a thesis.
The fees are as follows: matriculation, paid but once, five dollars; professors' tickets, each fifteen dollars; practical anatomy ticket, ten dollars ; grad- nation fee, thirty dollars. The whole cost of two or
more courses of lectures and graduation, exclusive of laboratory and incidental expenses, is two hun- dred and sixty-five dollars. A limited number of poor, but deserving, young women are admitted annually on the payment of thirty-five dollars for the session, exclusive of registration, matriculation, and graduation fees. Such arrangements are strictly con- fidential. All applicants for admission to the college as beneficiaries, or upon the scholarships, are required to undergo an examination of their knowledge of the elements of a fair English education in order to determine their fitness to enter upon the study of medicine.
The present faculty consists of the following pro- fessors, lecturers, and demonstrators :
Rachel L. Bodley, M.D., professor of Chemistry and Toxicology ; Clara Marshall, M.D., professor of Materia Medica and General Therapeutics; Frances Emily White, M.D., professor of Physiology and Hygiene; Anna E. Broomall, M.D., professor of Obstetrics; James B. Walker, M.D., professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine; Hannah T. ('roas- dale, M.D., professor of Diseases of Women and Children ; William H. Parrish, M.D., professor of Anatomy ; William W. Keen, M.D., professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery; J. Gibbons Hunt, M.D., pro- fessor of Histology and Microscopy ; C. Newlin Pierce, D.D.S., professor of Dental Physiology aud Pathology; Horatio C. Wood, Jr., M.D., lec- turer on special subjects; Edward T. Bruen, M.D., lecturer on Path- ology ; Charles K. Mills, M.D., lecturer ou Nervous Diseases ; Loois A. Duhring, M.D., lecturer on Dermatology ; Alexander W. MacCoy, M.D., lecturer ou Laryngoscopy and Rhinoscopy ; Emilie B. Du Bois, M.D .. demonstrator of Anatomy and instructor in Materia Medica; Lucius E. Sayre, Ph.G., demonstrator of Pharmacy; Henry F. Formad, M.D., demonstrator of Pathology ; Ida E. Richardson, M.D., instructor in Prac- tice of Medicine; Anna M. Fullerton, M.D., instructor iu Obstetrics; Lena V. Iugrahamo, M.D., instructor in Surgery ; Rachel L. Bodley, M.D., dean.
The Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for Graduates in Medicine is the result of a number of informal meetings held at the houses of prominent physicians of the city, which had for their object the consideration of the need of establishing an institu- tion where gradnates of medicine would be enabled to continue their studies, and where, at the same time, the poor and indigent sick might receive good medical attention free of charge. The charter for the college was obtained on the 19th of March, 1883. The incorporators were fifteen in number, and were mostly the physicians instrumental in promoting the enterprise.
The first location of the college was the four-story building which is occupied at present, at the corner of Locust and Thirteenth Streets. As no difficulty had been anticipated in procuring a charter, the building was rented before the charter received the Governor's signature, and the first clinic was given on the 12th of March, 1883. Since the time of its inception the college has had a high degree of prosperity, and its present class numbers over fifty persons. The teach- ing is entirely clinical and demonstrative, and inem- bers of the class can thus personally examine cases of disease and acquire skill in the use of surgical instru- ments. They are also given opportunities to perform laboratory work in chemistry, histology, anatomy, surgery, and electro-therapeutics.
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HISTORY OF PHILADELPHIA.
The number of cases treated at the college from the first clinic, on the 12th of March, to Dec. 31, 1883, was three thousand three hundred and one. Provision is made for the hospital treatment of operative and emergency cases.
The faculty consists of the following well-known medical gentlemen of the city, all of whom are among the incorporators of the college. The sub- jects taught in the college are indicated in con- nection with the names :
Clinical, Operative, and Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas G. Morton, BI.D., surgeon to the l'ennsylvania Hospital and to the Philadelphia Ortho- padic llospital ; Diseases of the Throat and Chest, J. Solis Cohen, M.D., honorary professor of laryngology in Jefferson Medical College, physi- ciao to the German Hospital ; Applied Anatomy and Operative Surgery, Jolin B. Roberts, M. D., surgeon to St. Mary's Hospital ; Diseasee of the Ear, Charles Il. Burnett, M.D) , aural surgeon to the l'resbyterian los- pital ; Diseases of the Mind andl Nervous System, Charles K. Milla, M.D., Denrologist to the Philadelphia Hospital aod to the Howard Ilospitel ; Clinical Chemistry and Hygiene, Henry Leffmann, M.D .; Diseases of the Skin, Arthur Van Harlingen, M.D., coneulting physician to the Philadelphia Dispensary for Skin Diseases; Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, Edward L. Duer, M.D., obstetrician to the Phila- delphia lluspital and gyurcologiat to the Presbyterian Hospital ; Diseases of the Eye, George (' llarlan, M. D., surgeoo to Wills Eye Hospital and eye and ear department of l'ennsylvania Hospital; Genito-Urinary and Venereul Diseases, J. Heury C. Simee, M.D., assistant surgeon to the Episcopal Hospital; Pathology and Microscopy, Frederick P. Ilenry, M.D., physician to the Episcopal Hospital ; Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, William H. Parrish, M.D., obstetrician to the Philadelphia Hospital, and professor of Anotomy in the Woman's Med- ical College of Pennsylvania.
There are also the following assistants :
Clinical, Operative, and Orthopaedic Surgery, A. B. Hirsh, M.D., Chief of Clinic, Jolin F. Bower, M.D. ; Diseases of the Throat and Nose, A. W. Macl'oy, M.D., Chief of Clinic, S. Solis Cohen, M.D., C. Jay Seltzer, M.D., Max J. Stern, registrar ; Diseases of the Chest, Caspar Morris, Jr., M.D., Demonstrator of Physical Diagnosis, H. Mifflin, M.D., Chief of Clinic; Applied Anatomy and Operative Surgery, L. W. Steinbach, M.D., Chief of Clinic, A. A. G. Starck, M.D., R. N. Kroly, M.D., L. W. Steinbach, M.D., Demonstrator of Anatomy, Surgery, and Fracture Dressings ; Diseases of the Ear, Robert Il. Ilamil, M. D. ; Diseases of the Mind and Nervous System, Mex H. Bochroch, M.D., Lonis Brinton, M.D., William M. Ang- ney, M. D. ; Clinical Chemistry and Hygiene, William Beam, B.A., Jul. L. Salinger, Helen D. Abbott; Obstetrics and Diseases of Woosen and Children, Washington 11. Baker, M.D., Chief of Clinic ; Diseases of the Eye, 11. F. Hansell, M.D., Chief of Clinic, C. F. Clark, M.D .; Genito- Urinary and Venereal Diseases, Thomas R. Neilson, M. D., Chief of Clinic; Pathology and Microscopy, S. Solie Cohen, M.D., Demonstrator ; House Physician, J. S. Watt, M.D.
The government of the institution is vested in a board of seven trustees, consisting of the following gentlemen : R. J. Levis, M.D., president ; Henry Leff- man, M.D., treasurer ; John B. Roberts, M.D., secre- tary ; J. Solis Cohen, M.D., Thomas G. Morton, M.D., Charles K. Mills, M.D., and George C. Harlan, M.D. The college is sustained by the tuition fees, which are as follows :
Operative and orthopedic surgery and applied anatomy, $25; diseases if the threat and chest, and general medicine, $25; diseases of the ear und ye, Sa's, divenses of the mind and nervous system, $15; clinical heil t'y, pathology, and microse ppy, $25; diseases of the skin, syph- Ww, and guilt rurinary surgery, $25, obstetrics and diseases of women asorból Iren, $24, single branches of the dou! le departments, SI3, gen- wal ticket for all branches during an entire yrar, SoI.
There is no fee for matriculation, nor other extra · harges, and any number of branches may be taken.
There are six sessions, each six weeks in length, and thirty-six hours of instruction are given in each de- partment during each session. All tickets, however, are good for six consecutive weeks. In 1883-84 the fall session began on the 1st of October, the early winter session on the 12th of November, the mid- winter session on the 7th of January, the late winter session on the 18th of February, the early spring session on the Ist of April, and the late spring session on the 13th of May.
The Hahnemann Medical College was organized in the summer of 1867, but was an offshoot from the Homeopathic Medical College of Philadelphia, and afterward became consolidated with it. It therefore dates its origin from the time of organization of the latter college, and from that fact claims to be the oldest medical college in the world which teaches the distinctive method of medical treatment originated by Samuel Hahnemann. The first college of the kind started in the country was the North American Academy of Homeopathie Medicine, located in Allentown, Lehigh Co., Pa., and organized in the year 1835. Its teaching was conducted in the German language, and consequently it never became a popular institution, and soon ceased to exist. The Homœo- pathic Medical College of Philadelphia was the next in succession. The question of establishing a homœo- pathic college had been frequently discussed at the meetings of the Central Bureau of the American In- stitute of Homœopathy, and at a meeting held at the house of Dr. Jacob Jeans, of this city, in February, 1848, at which Dr. Jeanes, Dr. Constantine Hering, and Dr. Walter Williamson were present, it was de- termined to petition the Legislature, then in session, for a charter. The charter was passed by the Legis- lature on the 8th of April, 1848, and granted the pro- posed college all the powers and privileges of other medical colleges in the State.
The first board of officers consisted of the follow- ing gentlemen : President, Hon. Anson V. Parsons ; Managers, Stillwell S. Bishop, Henry J. Boller, Ed- ward M. Davis, Daniel Deal, Lawrence Johnson, John M. Kennedy, Francis King, Henry P, Lloyd, Benjamin R. Miller, John Sartain, Isaae S. Water- man, Haworth Wetherald; Recording Secretary, Francis Sims ; Corresponding Secretary, Walter Wil- liamson ; Treasurer, William Rhoads.
The faculty consisted of the following gentlemen : Jacob Jeans, M.D., professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine ; Caleb B. Matthews, M.D., pro- fessor of Materia Medica ; Walter Williamson, M.D., dean, professor of Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children ; Francis Sims, M.D., professor of Sur- gery ; Samuel Freedley, M.D., professor of Botany ; Matthew Semple, M. D., professor of Chemistry ; Wil- liam A. Gardiner, M.D., professor of Anatomy; Al- van E. Small, M.D., professor of Physiology and Pathology.
A dispensary was opened at the same time in con-
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MEDICAL PROFESSION.
nection with the college, for the purpose of affording the poor of the city an opportunity for homeopathic medical treatment, and for furnishing material for clinics. This was the first homoeopathic dispensary started in Philadelphia.
The first course of lectures began on the 15th of October, 1848, in the building in the rear of 627 Arch Street, which subsequently, for several years, was oc- cupied by the Woman's Medical College of Pennsyl- vania. The first class numbered fifteen students, of whom only six graduated. In 1849 the college re- moved to Filbert Street, above Eleventh, to a stone building formerly occupied by the Pennsylvania Medical College, and there it has remained up to the present time.
the first being at the close of the session of 1859-60, when the trustees declared all the chairs of the col- lege vacant, and proceeded to the appointment of another corps of teachers, in which some of the old faculty were retained, but in which the majority were new men. One result of this action was the estab- lishment of the New York Homeopathic Medical College, by Dr. Jacob Beakley, one of the members of the deposed faculty, and others. The reorganized faculty consisted of Matthew Semple, M.D., professor of Chemistry and Toxicology ; William A. Gardiner, M.D., professor of Surgery ; Silas S. Brooks, M.D., professor of Homeopathic Institutes and Practice of Medicine; George R. Starkey, M.D., professor of Anatomy ; A. H. Ashton, M.D., professor of Obstet- rics and Diseases of Women and Children ; J. K. Lee, M.D., professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics ; and O. B. Gause, M.D., professor of Physiology and Pathology.
Resignations from the faculty occurred frequently for various reasons, among them being financial strin- gency in the affairs of the college, but the vacancies were refilled until the close of the session in 1864. The lectures were delivered to the students up to the close of the term, and they dispersed to their homes without knowing that the college was in danger. The crisis soon followed, and the college was again with- out a faculty. In 1865 a new charter was obtained, entirely reorganizing the institution and making it a stock company, with permission to increase the capital sixty thousand dollars for hospital purposes. The board of trustees were now elected by the stockholders, and not by the corporators as previously, and these trustees elected the faculty for one year. The first faculty under the new organization commenced their instructions with the session of 1864-65, and consisted of the following gentlemen : Constantine Hering, M.D., professor of Homeopathic Institutes and Prac- tice of Medicine; Ad. Lippe, M.D., professor of Ma- teria Medica and Therapeutics; Charles G. Rane, M.D., professor of Special Pathology and Diagnosis; H. N. Guernsey, M.D., professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children ; George R. Starkey,
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