History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884, Part 70

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898. cn; Westcott, Thompson, 1820-1888, joint author
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : L. H. Everts & Co.
Number of Pages: 992

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John Blair Smith was author of the "Enlargement of Christ's King- dom."

Samuel Stillman, D.D., at one time a Baptist clergy- man of Philadelphia, was author of several sermons and discourses.

James A. Bayard, the distinguished American statesman, who was a native of Philadelphia, had published (1798) a speech on "The Foreign Inter- course Bill," and one on "The Repeal of the Judi- ciary Aet in 1802."

Rev. Morgan Edwards, Baptist, a native Welsh- man, published several sermons and discourses, and a work called " Materials toward a History of the Baptists of Pennsylvania and New Jersey."

In 1754, William Bradford printed for Samuel

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AUTHORS AND LITERATURE OF PHILADELPHIA.

Blair, a native of Ireland, his works, consisting of sermons, treatises, and a "Narrative of a Revival of Religion in Pennsylvania." His son, of the same name, published in 1761 an "Oration on the Death of George II."

Mrs. Sarah Hall was the author of " Conversations on the Bible." She contributed to the Portfolio, of which her son, John E. Hall, was editor.

Thomas Truxton (1794) published " Remarks, In- structions, and Examples relating to Latitude and Longitude," also the " Variation of the Compass."

James Wilson, one of the associate judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, was the author of several works. Besides " An Address to Citizens of Philadelphia," published in 1784, he wrote, with Thomas MacKean," Commentaries on the Constitu- tion of the United States."

His son, Bird Wilson, D.D., LL.D., published, in 1803, the works of his father, containing law lectures, speeches, orations, and legal disquisitions. Bird Wilson, after having served upon the bench, took orders in the Episcopal Church, and published,- (1) " An Abridgment of the Law by Matthew Bacon," 1811; (2) " Memoirs of the Right Rev. William White, Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the State of Pennsylvania."

James Sharswood, grandfather of the eminent judge, was a leading politician, and the author of several articles, published in the Aurora, against the United States National Bank.

Benjamin Say, M.D., published in 1792 "Spasmodic Affection of the Eyes," "Medical Memoirs and Short Compilation of the Extraordinary Life and Writings of Thomas Say." The latter was his father, a member of the Society of Friends, who had published a work called " The Vision of Thomas Say."

Thomas Say, son of Benjamin, was one of the most eminent naturalists that this country has pro- duced. In company with McClure, Ord, and Peale, he traversed Georgia and East Florida in 1818, and the following year went in the first expedition of Capt. Long, and with the second in 1823. His pub- lished contributions to science are numerous : (1) " Astronomical and Meteorological Records and Vo- cabularies of Indian Languages ;" (2) " American Entomology ;" (3) " American Conchology." Many papers were contributed by him to scientific journals. His collected writings and notices of him were pub- lished : (1) " The Complete Writings of Thomas Say on the Entomology of the United States. Edited by John Le Conte, M.D., with a Memoir of the Author by George Ord;" (2) "The Complete Writings of Thomas Say on the Entomology of the United States, with a Copious Index to the Original Work. Edited by William D. Binney." A biographical sketch of the author was delivered by Benjamin H. Coates, M.D., before the Academy of Natural Sciences.

James H. Rogers, M.D., while Professor of Chem-

istry in the Philadelphia Medical Institute, was a frequent contributor to medical journals.

Henry Darwin Rogers, LL.D., Professor of Chem- istry and Natural Philosophy in Dickinson College, at one time State geologist of Pennsylvania, was a native of Philadelphia. His researches and publica- tions obtained for him membership in the Royal So- ciety, of which he was elected a fellow in 1858. These publications comprise, (1) "Five Annual Re- ports of the Geological Survey of Pennsylvania ;" (2) "Report on the Geological Survey of New Jersey," 1836; (3) "Final Report" on the same in 1840 ; (4) " Address Assoc. Amer. Geol. and Nat. ; " (5) " Atlas of the United States ;" (6) "The Geology of Pennsyl- vania : A Government Survey ; with a General View of the Geology of the United States, Essays on the Coal Formation and its Fossils, and a Description of the Coal-Fields of North America and Great Britain ; with Seven Large Maps and Numerous Illustrations on Copper and Wood." The Edinburgh Review thus speaks of this most elaborate work : " The magnifi- cent ' Survey of the Geology of Pennsylvania,' which is one of the most valuable recent contributions to geological science, and is published in a form equally creditable to the liberality of that commonwealth, the energy of its author, and the typographical skill of its printer, enables us to quote some interesting details as to the latest discoveries on the subject of fossil footprints in the United States."

Stephen Simpson was author (1832) of a “ Biog- raphy of Stephen Girard" and other lesser works. He was proprietor and principal editor of The Por- tico and the Columbian Magazine, and a frequent con- tributor to The Aurora and " The Philadelphia Book."

Several descendants of Benjamin Franklin, through his daughter, Mrs. Bache, have become distinguished for authorship among other things. Franklin Bache, M.D., great-grandson of the philosopher, was author of (1) " A System of Chemistry, for the Use of Stu- dents of Medicine," 1819; (2) " A Supplement to the American Edition of Henry's Chemistry"; (3) " Let- ter to Roberts Vaux on the Separate Confinement of Prisoners ;" (4) another letter on the same subject, published in the Journal of Law ; (5) " The Dispensa- tory of the United States," in conjunction with Dr. George B. Wood; (6) "Introductory Lectures on Chemistry." He also, with Dr. Robert Hare, was editor of " Ure's Dictionary of Chemistry," of " A Sys- tem of Pyrotechny," by James Cutbush, of "Turner's Chemistry," of " Dr. Hare's Chemical Compendium," and, with others of the medical profession, of The North American Medical and Surgical Journal. " Morand's Memoir on Acupuncturation" was translated from the French by him, and he was also a frequent con- tributor to the Columbian Chemical Society, Amer- ican Medical Record, and various scientific journals.

Mrs. Anna Bache wrote "Clara's Amusements," "The Fireside Screen, or Domestic Sketches," "Little Clara," "The Sibyl's Cave," and " Scenes at Home."

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HISTORY OF PHILADELPHIA.

R. Bache, 1810, wrote " Manual of a Justice of the Peace," and, 1813, " The Case of Alien Enemies Con- sidered and Decided."

William Bache was author, 1794, of " Inaugural Dissertation on Carbonic Acid."

The most distinguished anthor of that name was Alexander Dallas Bache, a great-grandson of Frank- lin, gradnated at the head of his class at West Point in 1$25, occupied successively the lieutenancy of engineers of fortifications, professorship of mathe- matics in the University of Pennsylvania, that of natural philosophy and chemistry, and the presidency of Girard College. He published a volume written upon the various systems of public instruction in Europe, whither he went for the purpose of studying them. Professor Bache superintended the publication of the " Reports of the United States Coast Survey." He was a member of the principal scientific societies of the world, having received the medal of the Royal Geographical Society for 1858. His other most im- portant works are mainly contributions to the Amer- ican Association for the Advancement of Science, the Franklin Institute of Pennsylvania, the " Transactions of the American Philosophical Society," the " Annual Reports to the Treasury Department on Weights and Measures," the American Journal of Science, and the British Association for the Advancement of Science.

Albert Barnes, an eminent Presbyterian divine First Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia , who for many years persisted in refusing the degree of D.D., which was several times tendered him, is well known throughout the English-speaking world for his Commentaries on the New Testament, on the Book of Job, and on the Prophecies of Isaiah and Daniel. He was also author of "An Inquiry into the Scriptural View of Slavery," "A Manual of Prayers," "The Way of Salvation," "Practical Ser- mons designed for Vacant Congregations," "The Church and Slavery," "Prayers Adapted to Family Worship," " Miscellaneous Essays and Reviews, " and the " Atonement in its Relations to Law and Moral Government." The works of no commentator on the New Testament were ever so popular as those of MIr. Barnes. In the period of the first twenty-five years of their publication the sales are said to have been not far from half a million.

Samuel Bayard published 1810 " A Digest of American Cases on the Law of Evidence, intended as Commentaries on Peake's Compendium to the Law of Evidence :' also, 1834, " An Abstract of the Laws of the United States which relate to the Duties and Authority of the Judges of the Inferior State Conrts, and the Justices of the Peace throughout the Union."

Gregory Townsend Bedell, D.D., rector of St. An- drew's Episcopal Church, spent much of his time in studying and writing upon religious subjects. His publications are 1 "Ezekiel's Vision ;" 2 "Is It Well ?" (3|" It Is Well;" 14)" Onward, or Christian Progression ;" 5 " Pay Thy Vows ;" 16 " Renun-

ciation ;" |7|"Way Marks ;" (8) "Sermons, with Biographical Sketch of the Author by Stephen H. Tyng, D.D.," 2 vols. 8vo.

Henry Bond, M.D., a native of Watertown, Mass., wrote " Watertown Family Memorials, with Illustra- tions, Maps, and Notes;" besides contributions to medical journals.

Francesca Anna Canfield is spoken of in terms of great praise in Griswold's " Female Poets of Amer- ica," for her various contributions to the periodicals of the time, ahout 1820.

Henry C. Carey, son of Mathew Carey, carried on the publishing business after the death of his father. He wrote an essay on " The Rate of Wages," afterward enlarged upon in his work on "The Principles of Political Economy," published in 1837, a work that has been translated into several languages of Europe. The following year he published "The Credit System in France, Great Britain, and the United States," a work which was pronounced by the Journal des Économistes the best work on the "Credit System" that had ever been published. In 1848 he published "The Past, the Present, and the Future." This work was also much admired abroad. He also wrote many articles for The Plou, the Loom, and the Anvil, some of which were collected in a volume entitled "The Harmony of Interests,-Agricultural, Manufacturing, and Commercial," and others in a smaller work, " The Prospects." Of these Blackwood's Magazine said, "Mr. Carey, the well-known statistical writer of America, has supplied us with ample materials for conducting such an inquiry, and we can safely recom- mend this remarkable work to all who wish to inves- tigate the causes of the progress or decline of indus- trial communities." In 1853 appeared his "Slavery and the Slave Trade." He published other works, as "Answers to the Questions,-What Constitutes Cur- rency ? What are the Causes of its Unsteadiness? and What is the Remedy ?" " Letters on Copyright, and Principles of Social Science."

John Beale Bordley was author of " Forsyth's Trea- tise on Fruit-Trees," "Sketches on Rotation of Crops," 1792; "Essays and Notes on Husbandry," 1799, and " View of the Courses of Crops in England and Maryland," 1804.

George P. Morris was born in Philadelphia. When he was not more than twenty-one years of age he began his career of letters with the establishment of The New York Mirror and the Ladies' Gazette. These were followed by The New Mirror and The Home Journal. That career was one of the happiest. In 1825, when he was only three-and-twenty, he produced his drama " Brier Cliff," which had a most successful run upon the stage, paying the author several thousand dollars. His opera of " The Maid of Saxony" was also success- ful. In 1836 appeared "The Little Frenchman and his Water-Lots ;" in 1838, " The Deserted Bride, and other Poems;" in 1844, "Songs and Ballads." His rank is highest as a lyrical poet, in which rôle he has

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AUTHORS AND LITERATURE OF PHILADELPHIA.

had as yet no superiors in this country. All who read poetry at all are familiar with "The Carrier Dove," "Long Time Ago," "Think of Me, My own Beloved," " Woodman, Spare that Tree," "The Pastor's Daugh- ter," "A Legend of the Mohawk," "I Love the Night," and many others of their like. We give a part of the criticism of his long-time friend and partner, N. P. Willis : " Morris is the best-known poet of the country, -by acclamation, not by criticism. He is just what poets would be if they sang, like birds, without criticism ; and it is a peculiarity of his fame that it seems as regardless of criticism as a bird in the air. Nothing can stop a song of his. It is very easy to say that they are easy to do. They have a momentum, somehow, that it is difficult for others to give, and that speeds them to the far goal of popu- larity."

Thomas Bond, M.D., delivered the first clinical Jectures in the Pennsylvania Hospital, and wrote much for the London Medical Observer and Inquirer. He wrote also " An Account of an Immense Worm bred in the Liver," and "On the Use of Peruvian Bark in Scrofulous Cases."

James C. Booth was author of the " Encyclopedia of Chemistry, Practical and Theoretical, Embracing its Application to the Arts, Metallurgy, Geology, Medicine, and Pharmacy." In conjunction with Campbell Morfit, he wrote, for the Smithsonian Insti- tute, on "Recent Improvements in the Chemical Arts."

John Bouvier, associate judge of the Court of Crimi- nal Sessions, an emigrant from France, published, in 1839, his "Law Dictionary, adapted to the Constitu- tion and Laws of the United States of America and the Several States of the American Union, with Ref- erences to the Civil and Other Systems of Foreign Law." This work, immediately on its production, was received cordially by the public, and has ever been regarded by the profession as the best book of the kind for the use of the American bar. Judge Baldwin, of the Supreme Court, said of it, "It is not only the best which has been published, but in itself a valuable acquisition to the bar and bench, by which both will profit." In 1841, Judge Bouvier began the writing of a new edition of Bacon's " Abridg- ment of the Law," and, with comparatively little as- sistance, finished the task in four years. In 1851 he published the "Institutes of American Law," which received equal praise with that bestowed upon his other works.

His daughter, Hannah M. Bouvier, published, in 1857, " Familiar Astronomy; or, An Introduction to the Study of the Heavens. Illustrated by Celestial Maps," to which was added a "Treatise on the Globes" and a "Comprehensive Astronomical Dic- tionary," a work that drew words of very high praise from the most eminent scientists of Europe. Trüb- ner said she might justly be styled the Mary Somer- ville of the United States.

Judge Robert T. Conrad was known for his literary productions. His dramatic pieces are "Conrad of Naples," and " Aylmere; or, The Bondman of Kent." The latter was published in 1852, along with other poems, such as "Sonnets on the Lord's Prayer ;" " Lines on a Blind Boy Soliciting Charity by Playing on his Flute." We give one of the sonnets :

"GIVE US THIS DAY OUR DAILY BREAD! thou art Lord of the harvest. Thou hast taught the song Sung by the rill, the grassy vale along ; Aod 'tis thy smile when Summer's zephyrs start, That makes the wavy wheat a sea of gold ! Give me to share thy boon ! No miser hoard I crave; no splendor, no Apician board, Freedom aod faith and food,-and all is told: I ask no more. Bot spare my brethren. they Now beg in vain to toil ; and cannot save Their wan-eyed loved ones, sinking to the grave. Give them their daily bread. How many pray, Alas, in vain, for food ! Be Famine fed; And give us, Lord, this day our daily bread."

Robley Dunglison, M.D., LL.D., a native English- man, for many years Professor of the Institutes of Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence in Jefferson Medical College, was the author of a very large num- ber of works, among which were "Commentaries on the Diseases of the Stomach and Bowels of Children," 1824; "Human Physiology ;" " A New Dictionary of Medical Science and Literature," 1833; "The Practice of Medicine ; or, A Treatise on Special Pa- thology and Therapeutics;" on " The Blind and In- stitutions for the Blind." Probably no physician of the country has contributed more largely to the literature of the profession. His works rank among the very highest of their kind, and have had com- paratively enormous sales.

Frederick Charles Brightly, an emigrant from England, published (1839) " Treatise on the Law of Costs," " Nisi Prius Reports," " Equitable Jurisdic- tion of the Courts of Pennsylvania," and edited " Purdon's Digest of the Laws of Pennsylvania," and "Binn's Justice." He published also an " Analytical Digest of the Laws of the United States, from the Adoption of the Constitution to the End of the Thirty-fourth Congress," a work that has been greatly commended.

John Romeyn Brodhead, born in Philadelphia, was an attaché to the United States Legation at the Hague, and in 1846 was Secretary of Legation at London under Mr. Bancroft. He was author of 1) " Address before the Historical Society of New York," 1844; (2) " Report as Historical Agent of New York ;" (3) "History of the State of New York ;" (4) " Address before the Clinton Hall Association."

William Potts Dewees, M.D., Professor of Mid- wifery in the University of Pennsylvania, was the author of "Inaugural Essays," " Medical Essays," and "System of Midwifery, founded on the French System of Obstetrics, especially that of Baudelocque." The twelfth edition of this admirable work was pnb- lished in 1854. In 1825 he published " A Treatise on

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HISTORY OF PHILADELPHIA.

the Physical and Medical Treatment of Children," and the following year one on the " Diseases of Women ;" in 1830, " Practice of Medicine."

Herman Haupt published in 1840 "Hints on Bridge-Building," and afterward "General Theory of Bridge-Construction."

Isaac Hays, M.D., was editor of Wilson's " Amer- ican Ornithology," of Hoblyn's " Dictionary of Med- ieal Terms," Lawrence's "Treatise on Diseases of the Eye," Arnott's "Elements of Physics," and The American Journal of the Medical Sciences from its commencement, in 1827 ; also the Philadelphia Jour- nal of Medicine and Physic, to both of which he con- tributed a variety of articles.

Joseph Hartshorne, M.D., was first American editor of Bover's "Lectures on Diseases of the Bones," ar- ranged by Richerand, and translated by Dr. Farrall, London. Besides this work, he contributed much to the Eclectic Repository and the Medical Recorder, of Philadelphia.

Edward Hartshorne, M.D., and Henry Hartshorne, M.D., sons of the preceding, added to the literature of the profession. The former published (1) " Medi- cal Jurisprudence," by Alfred S. Taylor, with notes and references to American decisions ; also the " Oph- thalmic Medicine and Surgery" of T. Wharton Jones. He was the author of many articles in The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, The Philadelphia Medical Examiner, and the Philadelphia Journal of Prison Discipline and Philanthropy. The latter pub- lished " Water vs. Hydropathy," "Thesis on Water in its True Relation to Medicine," contributions to the above last-named journals, and a prize essay on " Arterial Circulation."

Catharine H. W. Esling, formerly Miss Waterman, was a very popular authoress about 1840, contributing often to the periodicals. Her published volume is one entitled "The Broken Bracelet, and Other Poems." Mrs. Hale, in " Woman's Record," speaks of Mrs. Esling as excelling " in portraying feeling, and in ex- pressing the warm and tender emotions of one to whom home has ever been the lodestar of the soul."

J. F. B. Flagg, M.D., a native of Boston, removed to Philadelphia, where he was author of " Ether and Chloroform, their Employment in Surgery, Den- tistry, Midwifery, Therapeutics, etc.," 1851, a work that has been much praised.

W. W. Gerhard, M.D., was for a time lecturer on clinical medicine in the University of Pennsylvania. He published (1) "Clinical Guide." 1842; (2) "Lec- tures on the Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment of the Diseases of the Chest." Of this last work the American Journal of the Medical Sciences says, it is " the best refutation of the charges which are con- stantly made against physical exploration in medi- cine by those who appear to imagine that seience can never advance beyond the point at which they ceased to learn."

Paul B. Goddard, M.D., was a frequent contributor

to medical science. Ifis works are (I) " On the Ar- teries," with plates ; (2) "On the Nerves ;" (3) "The Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of the Human Teeth ;" (4 and 5) edition of Erasmus Wilson's "Sys- tem of IInman Anatomy, General and Special ;" and the same author's "The Dissector ; or, Practical and Surgical Anatomy ;" (6) Moreau's "Practical Treatise on Midwifery ;" (7) Ricord's " Illustrations of Syph- ilitic Disease." He edited the iconographie portion of " Rayer on the Skin," and edited "Ashwell on the Diseases of Females."

Thomas Charlton Henry, D.D., for many years pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of Charles- ton, a native of Philadelphia, wrote three works that have been often very highly commended: (I) "An Inquiry into the Consistency of Popular Amusements with a Profession of Christianity," Charleston, 1825; (2) " Moral Etchings from the Religious World," 1828; (3) "Letters to an Anxious Inquirer, designed to relieve the Difficulties of a Friend under Serious Impressions." This last work was published in Lon- don (1829), with a memoir of the author by Rev. Thomas Lewis, and a preface by John Pye Smith. "These letters," said the London Evangelical Magazine, "are the production of a master-mind, deeply read in the Scriptures, in the knowledge of the human heart, and in the phenomena of Christian experi- ence."

John Henry Hobart, D.D., bishop of New York, Professor of Theology and Eloquenee in the General Protestant Episcopal Seminary of New York, was born in Philadelphia, and was at one time rector of a Protestant Episcopal Church in the upper part of the county. He published "Companion for the Altar," 1804: "Companion for the Festivals and Fasts," 1804; " Apology for Apostolic Order," 1807 ; Charge to the Clergy," 1815; "State of Departed Spirits ;" "Thanksgiving Sermon ;" " Address to the Episcopal Missionary Society," 1817 ; "Communi- cant's Manual ;" " A Discourse comparing the United States with England ;" "The Clergyman's Compan- ion ;" "The Christian's Manual of Faith and Devo- tion." His posthumous works, with a memoir by Rev. William Berrien, were published in 1833. Bishop Hobart was an earnest advocate of Episcopal ordina- tion.

Thomas C. James, M.D., professor of Midwifery in the University of Pennsylvania, was fond of light literature, and contributed to the Portfolio trans- lations in verse of the Idylls of Gessner.

L. J. Jardine, M.D., published, in 1795, “ Letter from Pennsylvania to a Friend in England."

William David Lewis, after a year's residence in Russia, published a translation of the " Bokchesa- rian Fountain," by Alexander Pooshkeen, and other poems from the Russian. This was the first transla- tion from Russian literature that was ever made in this country.

John Morgan, M.D., with Dr. William Shippen,

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AUTHORS AND LITERATURE OF PHILADELPHIA.

founder of the first medical school in Philadelphia, in which he was professor of the theory and practice of medicine, published in 1763 " Tentamen Medicum de Puris Confectione," and is said to have been the first in the medical profession who proposed the theory of the formation of pus by the secretory action of the vessels of the affected part. He was author also of " A Discourse on the Institution of Medical Schools in Philadelphia," and of "Four Dissertations on the Reciprocal Advantages of a Perpetual Union between Great Britain and her American Colonies." These received the prize awarded by John Sargeant, of London. He wrote also "A Recommendation of In- oculation, according to Baron Dimsdale's Method," 1776; also " Vindication of his Public Character in the Station of Director-General of the Military Hos- pitals," 1777. He was also one of the founders of the Philosophical Society, and contributed frequently to its Transactions.

Samuel George Morton, M.D., after completing his education at the University of Edinburgh, rose rapidly in his profession, and was professor of anatomy in the Pennsylvania Medical College from 1839 to 1843. He became prominently connected with the Academy of Sciences, of which he was for some time president, and to whose Transactions he contributed many valuable papers. In 1827 he published " Analysis of Tabular Spar from Bucks County ;" in 1834, " Synop- sis of the Organic Remains of the Cretaceous Group of the United States ;" and in the same year, " Illus- trations of Pulmonary Consumption ; its Anatomical Character, Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment." In 1839 appeared "Crania Americana ; or, A Compara- tive View of the Skulls of Various Aboriginal Nations of North and South America," to which was prefixed an essay on the "Varieties of the Human Species ; illustrated with Plates and Maps." This work made a profound impression upon the scientific world. Hum- boldt, Prescott, Silliman, and others lauded it highly. The Westminster Review said, "It is the first applica- tion, upon anything like a commensurate scale, of the study of cranial peculiarities to the illustration of a great division of the human family." He wrote also a treatise styled " An Inquiry into the Distinc- tions and Characteristics of the Aboriginal Race of America ;" also " Crania Egyptiaca ; or, Observations on Egyptian Ethnography, derived from Anatomy, History, and the Monuments ;" also " An Illustrated System of Human Anatomy, Special, General, and Microscopic ;" also " A Catalogue of Skulls of Men and the Inferior Animals in his Collection." This collection, now in possession of the Academy of Nat- ural Sciences, is said to be the most extensive in the world. Some of Dr. Morton's views were startling to the scientific world, especially his belief in a plurality of races, and that man will yet be found in the fossil state as low down as the eocene period.

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History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884, Part 70

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898. cn; Westcott, Thompson, 1820-1888, joint author Publication date: 1884 Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : L. H. Everts & Co. Number of Pages: 992

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898. cn; Westcott, Thompson, 1820-1888, joint author
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : L. H. Everts & Co.
Number of Pages: 992