History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884, Part 89

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898. cn; Westcott, Thompson, 1820-1888, joint author
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : L. H. Everts & Co.
Number of Pages: 992

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1 This letter also contained a list of the old Swedish immigrants and of the later arrivals, numbering in all one hundred and eighty-eight families and nine hundred and seven individuals. The names of the old Swedish immigrante are marked with a star.

A list of the Swedish families residing in New Sweden in the year 1693,

with the number of individuals in each family.

*Peter Rambo, Sr

Peter Rambo, Jr.

Johan Rambo.

Anders Itanıbo. Brita Gostafson

Gunnar Rambo.

Gostaf Go-tafson ..

11 *Jonas Nilsson.

9 Nils Jonsson

Mans Jongson

7 Anders Jonsson.

-1 Jon Jonsson.

9 Hans JorAnsson.

11 *Mans Stanke

5 Peter Stanke, alias Petersson ..

King Charles XI. received this letter and wrote the following to Dr. Olaus Suebilius, archbishop of Upsal :

"Charles, by the Grace of God, King of Sweden, etc., etc.

" Our faithful and well-beloved Archbishop: We send you herewith a letter from the Swedish colony on the river Delaware to John Thelin, the Postmaster at Gottenburg, and by him delivered to the Council of State. From which we have seen, with great pleasure, that this people have a picus zeal for the preservation te themselves and their children of the pure evangelical religion. We are by this moved to grant them aid, and to favor their petition for obtaining two clergymen. It is there- fore our pleasure that you will carefully select for them such good and learned pastors 68 they desire to have, and it is our will that 86 6000 86 they shall be ready for their voyage they be provided with a passage

*Marteo Martensson, Sr. 3 William Talley

*Marten Martensson, Jr.

10 *Hindrich Iwarsson

Mate Martensson

4 Johan Skrika

Otto Ernst Cock.

5 Matts Skrika

Johan Bonde.

Johan Scute .

4 *Simen Johansson

Johan Stille

Anders Wihler.

Mans Gostafson.

Nile Laican.

*Eric Molica.

Jonas Kyn

3 Jacob Van der Weer

Bengt Bengtsson.

Cornelius Vao der Weer

7 Willism Van der Weer ...

3 Jacob Van der Weer.

7 Hans Petersson

Paul Petersson.

6 Peter Petersson

Didrich Johansson

5 Peter Mnnsson.

Peter Stillmen.

4 Johan Mansson

Frederic Konigh

6 Hindrich Tossa.

4 Johan Tossa.

Casper Fisk

Staphan Ekborn ..

5 *Olle Resse.

5 6 5

*Antonij Long

*Nils Mattson.

And. Perrson Longsker.

Marten Knutsson.

Nile Frende's widow

Anders Freude.

Reiner Peterson.

Anders Hindricks800

Johan Von Culen

Hindrich Faske

Johan Hindricksson.

Johan Arian

William Cobb.

Hans Kyns' widow

Chierstin Stalcop.

Lncus Stedhaui.

Lyloff Stedham

Adamı Stedhanı

8 David Hindriessoo

5 Carl Petersson

Benjamin Stedh&m.

Brita Petersson

Joran Anderson ...

* Broor Seneca ..

Jesper Wallraven

Jonas Wallraven.

Conrad Constantine

Olle Thomaston

Peter Palseon

Johan Ommerson

*Mathias De Foff

Christian Joraussen.

*Carl Springer

*Israel Helm

*Anders Homman.

*Olle Dirickeson

Anders Luck

9 Mens Lock

5 *Hans Petersson

*Hindrich Collman

Juhan Hoppman. *Jons Gostafsson ...

4 Frederich Hoppman

Anders Hoppman ..

6 Nicholas Hoppman.

$ Mana Hallton.

2 *Johan Andersson ..

11 Olle Pehrsson.

6 Goran Ericsson

1 Jacob Hindricsson

Sven Bonde

2 *Johan Svensson ..

Gunnar Svensson.

G *Anders Nilsson

Capt. Lasse Cock

Eric Cock

MRns Cock.

Johan Cock

Gabriel Cock

9 Lars Tossa

1 Lars Pehrsson.

3 *Hans Olsson

5 Peter Lucasson

1 6

*Olle Knckow.

7 Hindrich Slobey.

6 Christopher Meyer.

7 Hindrich Larsson.

3 1

6 Peter Stalcop.

6 Juran Bagman.

5 Eric Goransson.

3 Joran Joransson.

7 Lorentz Ostersson.

9 *Johan Hiadriessen

5 Lars Petersson.

7 Matts Repott

7 Olle Stoby

1 Matts Stark.

6 Johan Stalcop.

9 Israel Stark

5 Matte Toesa.

5 Staphan Joranesoo.

G Lers Larsson.

Christiern Thomos' widow.

5 Paul Salılunge.

6 LAIs Halling ..

9 $Paul Mink.

7 Johan Schrage

1 Nils Repott ..

Hindrich Jacob.

Matte Jacob.

1 *Anders Seneca

3 Johan Hindersson, Jr

7 Anders Weinom

7 Lars Larsson.

7 Hlindric Danielsson.

5 OHle Thorsson

9 Jonas Skagges' widow.

6 9

3 6 1 I

مـ

Otto Dahlbo

Johan Mattsson

Lucas Lucasson

3 Hans Lucasson

4 Matte Ericsson

2 Eric Eric$500 ..

4 Thomas Dennis.

Anders Robertsson

5 Robert Longhern

5 *Anders Didricsson ....

Matts Kyo.

Christian Classon

Nils Gastenberg ..

Eric Gasteaberg ..

Lars Bure.

Elias Tay

Jonas Stillman,

4 Thomas Jonsson ..

10 *Jacob Clemssen ..

Peter Dahlbo.

t= Gostaf Panisson.

5 Hane Gostafsson

8 Johen Anderssen.

8 *Hindrich Jacobsson.

7 1 3 5

Peter Joccom

9 Johan Stillman

1 Hiadric Parcheu

4 10

Matts Hollsten.

Johan Grantum.

8 Bengt Paulsson.

4 Lasse Kempe ..

Michel Nilsson ..

11 *Olle Peulsson ..

" Honored, loving, and much respected friend, Jeun Thelin, his Ma- jesty's loyal subject, and Postmaster at Gottenburg.

Anders Bengtwon

*Anders Bonde.

Asmund Stedham

7 Isaac Savoy

*Olle Fransson ..

9 Jacob Classon.

7 *Hindrich Andersson.

Lars Johansson

1233

RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.

and the necessary funds to defray their expenses. You will also pro- cure the Bibles, homilies, common prayer and hymn books, catechisms, primers, and spiritual treatises that are desired, so that the ministers may take these books along with them, which we will present free ef expense. We are persuaded that you will be solicitoue to procure faith- ful laborers in the vineyard of the Lord. In so doing you will promote the glory of God, and also give ne great satisfaction. We commend you kindly to Almighty God. Given at Stockholm the 18th of February, 1696.

" CHARLES."

The archbishop chose Rev. Andrew Rudman, Rev. Eric Biork, and Rev. Jonas Auren, the latter being ordered to return in a few months with a careful re- port of the country. Rudman and Biork were ex- pected to return after a number of years' service and receive church preferment.

The missionaries took with them, as the king's gift, "thirty Bibles,-ten printed by Vankis, and twenty by Keiser,-six books of homilies, two cabinets of treas- ures, two of Mæller's, two of Lutheman's, one hun- dred and fifty manuals, one hundred religious trea- tises of different kinds, viz., twelve by Kellingius, Garden of Paradise, Atlice, etc., one hundred books of common prayer and hymns, two ecclesiastical acts, two church regulations, one hundred catechisms of Archbishop Suebilius, three hundred compends of Archbishop Suebilius, four hundred primers, five hundred catechisms in the Indian language." In addition to this the king appropriated three thousand dollars for the expenses of the missionaries, and the director of the custom-house was appointed to pro- vide a good ship for their passage. The ship " Pa- lamboom," Capt. Hegen, was selected for the purpose. The three clergymen then waited on the king with the most respectful and affectionate thanks for his favors. He gave them his hand and bid them God speed. They also received a long commendatory letter from the venerable Upsala archbishop.

Sailing from Stockholm Aug. 4, 1696, they reached the Virginia coast in June, 1697, having been de- layed some months in London. Governor Nicholson received them cordially in Annapolis, and a few days later they started for Philadelphia, landing first at Trantown (near the present Frenchtown). Dr. Biork wrote home, saying, ---

" On the 29th [of June] we went up to Philadelphia, s clever little town, and waited ou the Lieutenant-Governor, William Markham, who received us with great kindness. On the 30th of June we visited the upper congregation, at a place called Wicaco, within two miles of Phila- delphis, where the Swedes have a church, in which we gave them an account of our voyage and objects ; and, clad in my surplice for the firet time in this new country, I delivered a discourse in Jesus' Dame, on the subject of the righteousness of the Pharisees. In comparing the re- ligious situation of these good people with the congregations of Sweden, it cannot be a wonder that they should be far behind ; yet, if God grante ue life to mend these matters, so that there will be divine service per- formed, ordinances administered, and the youth taught the catechism, we hope to find the road plain and easy, which is now rough and difft- cult. The country here is delightful, as It has been always described, and everflows with every blessing, so that the people live very well with- out being compelled to too much or too severe labor. The taxes are very light. The farmers, after their work is over, live as they do in Sweden, but are clothed as well as the respectable luhabitants of the towns. They have fresh meat and fish in abundance, and want nothing of what other countries produce. They have plenty of grain wherewith to make bread

and plenty of drink. May God continue them in the enjoyment of these blessings. There are no poor in this country, but they all provide for themselves, for the land is rich and fruitful, and no man who will labor can suffer want The Indians and weare as one people ; we live in great friendship with them. They are very fond of learning the catechism, which has been printed in their language ; they like to have it read to them, and they engaged Mr. Charles Springer to teach their children to read it. In order to forward our designe, I hope our spiritual fathers will assist us with some of the newly-printed books, particularly two church Bihles, as those we have are not fit to be used in divine service. There are always opportunities between England and this country.

" I cannot mention, without astonishment, but to the honor of these people, that we hardly found here three Swedish books; but they were so anxious for the improvement of their children, that they lent them to one another, so that they can all read tolerably well. None of the books that his Majesty graciously gave us are out of use. They are distributed among the families, who bless the King for that valuable present, for which they are truly glad and thankful. May Almighty God preserve his Majesty, the royal family, and our dear country in peace and gladness. Though distant from it, we shall never cease while we breathe to offer up our prayers for its prosperity."

Rev. Andrew Rudman also wrote home, and his letter also explains many things. He says that, on their arrival at Elk River, the Swedes came more than thirty miles to meetings. He took charge of the Wicaco congregation, and Rev. Mr. Biork of that at Christina. His letter continues :

" The churches are old and in bad condition, wherefore, with God's help, we are endeavoring to build new ones. The lower one is at Chris- tina, the upper at Wicaco or Passyunk. The minister's garden and mansion-house are at the distance of four English miles from Philadel- phia, a clever town built by Quakers. The population is very thin and scattered all along the river-shore, so that some have sixteen miles to walk or ride to go to church. Nevertheless, they very regularly attend divine service on Sunday. The houses are built after the Swedish man- ner. The women brew excellent drink, as in Sweden, and they have also a liquor made of apples or peaches, which they call cider. It is very pleasant to the taste and very wholesome. In order to build our church we are about to raise the sum of four hundred pounds sterling, but that will not be difficult, they are so very glad to have ue among them. They look upon us as if we were angels from heaven. Of this they have assured us with many tears, and we may truly say that there is no place in the world where a clergyman may be so happy and so well beloved as in this country. As to the government, it is very Diild, and the people live quietly under Governor William Markham, who is exceedingly well disposed toward us. He has reproached us with nut going often enough to see him, and has left ue quite at liberty as to our church discipline. There are many Swedes employed in the administra- tion of this government. Some of them are counselors, whom they cell judges. Many of them are officers,-captains, constables, ensigne, etc. There is plenty of work for ue. We are alone. Our congregations are scattered, our youth numerous, and but few that do not require instruction."

The congregation at Christina was stimulated greatly, and by Trinity Sunday, 1697, the dedica- tion sermon of what is now the "Old Swedes' Church of Wilmington" 1 was preached there. It was after-

1 In regard to this church, begun May 28, 1698, Rev. 3Ir. Biork gave the following description : " It was inside the walle sixty feet in length, thirty in breadth, and twenty in height. The walls of hard graystone up to the windowe three and a half feet thick, above that only two feet. There were four doors, large ones at the west and south ende and two smaller ones on the north. The roof was arched with logs and plastered with lime, with a shingle covering. The pews were of fir, with doors. The choir was circular, and the inner banisters, as well as the pulpit, of walnut. Near the vestry door was a pew for the priest's wife." The church at Wicace was bullt by the same mechanice who built the church at Christina, Mr. Ferris esye (" Original Settlements on the Delaware") that the building at Christina was finished for the following prices : Joseph Yard, mason and bricklayer, of Philadelphia, for the stone-work and brick-work, £8G silver money. He received altogether £91 48. 6d.,

1234

HISTORY OF PHILADELPHIA.

wards for a time abandoned. Meanwhile Rev. Mr. Rudman's congregation were undecided whether to build at Passyunk or at Wicaco. The congregation had bought a tract at the former place, really at what is now " Point Breeze," exactly where the lower road to Penrose Ferry strikes the Schuylkill. It was pur- chased from Andrew Bankson about 1696, cost sixty pounds, and contained eighty acres of land, ten of which were in Punchon's Hook. The money was raised by the sale of the parsonage at Tinicum Island, which brought one hundred pounds, and was divided between the congregations of Wicaco and Christina. The balance was raised by subscription. Afterward sixteen acres were attached to the farm by purchase from Lawrence Cock, for ten pounds, and the tract was occupied by the Rev. Andrew Rudman and his successors, Andrew Sandal, Jonas Lidman, and J. 'Cox, Jr., Hans Boon, Nicholas Lycon, Richard

OLD SWEDES' CHURCH (GLORIA DEI), PRESENT APPEARANCE.

which a tedious discussion took place. At length it was proposed to have it settled by lot. "Having by prayer and singing invoked the blessing of God on the undertaking two pieces of paper were prepared, on one of which was written Wicaco, and on the other Passyunk. These were shaken in a hat and thrown upon the ground, when, upon taking one up and opening it, the name of Wicaco appeared. Dissen- sion at once ceased, and all joined in a cheerful hymn of praise. At the same time the agreement was rati- fied by the following persons signing their names to a suitable instrument of writing, viz. : Andrew Rudman, Capt. Lawrence Cox [Lassy Cock ], Andrew Bancson, Caspar Fisk, Peter Rambo, Gustavus Justus, Elias Toy, Michael Lycon, Charles Springer, Andrew Rambo, Matthias Morton, Gabriel Cox [Cock ], John Rhodes, Gunner Swan- son, Christian Clæson, Lawrence Holstein, Jonas Biurstrom, wit- ness." But when they tried to procure an ad- dition to the Wicaco tract, so as to own the river front, they failed and new dissatisfaction was shown, so that Mr. Rudman thought of leaving them. At last these difficulties were all conquered, the church was begun, and was dedicated on the first Sunday after Trin- ity (July 2), 1700, by Rev. Eric Biork, who preached from 2 Sam- uel vii. 29: "Therefore now let it please Thee to bless the house ot

Eneberg. The dwelling (glebe-house) was burned Thy servant, that it may continue forever before down in 1717 and immediately rebuilt.

This building was lately standing, but was aban- doned as a parsonage ahout 1727. It was then rented to different parties for five pounds a year. But after this glebe-land was bought the Swedes near the Schuylkill and at Kingsessing desired that the church should be at Passyunk, while the Swansons and others, living at Shakamaxon and above, wanted it rebuilt on the site of the old block-house church at Wicaco. A meeting was called on the 16th of May, 1698, at

Including £5 for his " morter laborer, the neger." Joseph Yard, for the gable ende above the square of the walls, plastering the inside walls and erchod ceiling, and paving the floor, £45. John Smart and John Britt, carpenters, of Philadelphia, for the woodwork, windows, doors, frames, pulpite, pews, roof, caves, etc., the timber, boards, and iron-work, for £130. They employed John llarrison, joiner and carpenter, of Philadelphia, to Danske the pews, pulpit, banisters, and other inside work, for £36 10s.

Thee: for Thou, O Lord God, hast spoken it: and with Thy blessing let the house of Thy servant be blessed forever." A great number of English and others from Philadelphia were present at the cere- mony, to whom Mr. Biork also spoke in the English language. A letter sent to Sweden shortly after by the Wicaco pastor said,-

" This church is of the same size as the other, only that one of the corpora is shortened in order to make room for a belfry or ateeple, wlilch has been begun at the west end, but must remain for some time unfia- ished, in order to seo whether God will hless us eo far that we may have a bell and in what manner we cao procure it. This church is built of etone to the foundation, but not so good as that of which the lower church le built. The buildings will coet us, according to our reckoning, about twenty thousand dollars Swedish money, and something more, of which I am yet indebted in five thousand dollars, and my colleague is in abont the same situation. We have nothing to rely on but the efforts of the congregatione to raise that money as well as they can.

"Thus, through God'a great blessing, we have completed the great

1235

RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.

work, and built two fine churches, superior to any built in this country, particularly that at Christina, so that the English themselves, who now govern this province and are richer than we, wonder at what we have done. It is but lately that two governors, with their suites, have come to this place and visited our churches. The one is Francis Nicholson, Governor of Maryland, and our great patron ; the other is named Black- stone, and is Governor of Virginia. With all this we want some orne- meniations for our church, which are not to be procured here, such as a couple of bells, handsome chalices and patterne, and chandeliers or Instres. We have also room for a small organ.

"We hope also that in time we shall have obtained the thinge that we most went, particularly books. I bave at last established a school here, with an able teacher at the head of it, who also serves as parish clerk, au office which I was before obliged to perform."

The building thus erected was looked on as a master-piece. Watson says that it was " a great edi- fice," and nothing was then equal to it as a public building in the city.

This church was dedicated as the "Gloria Dei Church," and is still standing on Swanson Street, near the former locality of the navy-yard. The cut- ting down of the street in front has brought part of its cellar wall above the pavement. At first there was no steeple, and the porches on the north and south sides were not a portion of the original church, but were built in 1703, as supports to the walls, and cost one hundred and nine pounds and four shillings. The cupola was erected on the low tower after the bell was procured.1 The antique font, still in possession of the church, is thought to have been either used in the Tinicum Church or the block-house church at Wicaco. Mr. Clay (1834) says, " There is still pre- served in this church, on the front of the west gal- lery, an antique representation of two cherubs, with their wings spread over what is intended to represent the Holy Bible, on one of the open pages of which is the following passage from Isaiah in Swedish char- acters : 'The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light,' etc., and on the other page, also in Swedish characters, that passage in which the angels at the birth of our Saviour are spoken of as celebrating the event."

The ground on which the church stands, one acre and a half and five perches, was given to the church by Catharine Swanson, widow of Swan Swanson, and by the daughters of Swan Swanson and their hus- bands, viz .: Swan Boon and Brigita, his wife, Hans Boon and Barbara, his wife, and Peter Bankson and Catharine, his wife. An acre of ground north of the church, on which the old parsonage stood until 1832, when the present one was built, was given by Hans Boon and Margaret, his wife. June 19, 1719, twenty- five acres, lying at Wicaco, near the church, were bought for ninety pounds of Martha Cock, "to be a parsonage for the pastor and his heirs forever." It is

said that this ground extended from the church as far west as Hudson's Lane (now vacated), beyond Tenth Street, being bounded north by Christian Street. The anniversary sermon of the rector in 1870 sums up the landed property of the church at this time, and says that only the grossest carelessness has kept the church from being one of the richest religious organizations in the United States. Besides the twenty-seven and one-half acres above spoken of, the church owned ninety-six acres on the Schuylkill, in the farm tract already mentioned. Papers and documents of almost priceless importance were al- lowed to disappear. Of the "parson's twenty-five acres" hardly anything remains, and the Schuylkill farm has nearly all been lost,

Rev. Andrew Rudman was, March 18, 1702, super- seded by Rev. Andrew Sandel, who was sent from Sweden so as to let Rudman return, but the latter liked the country, and after (on the 19th) preaching his farewell sermon, he accepted a call from the Dutch Church in Albany. In 1705 he was again in Philadelphia, pastor of the Trinity Church, Oxford township, also for a while of Christ Church, in the city. He died Sept. 17, 1708, after eleven years' con- stant and successful service, and was buried in the Wicaco Cemetery. Rev. Andrew Sandel was a man of violent temper, and his controversy with and assault upon Benjamin Chambers caused the Provincial Council to administer an official rebuke; but the church grew and flourished under his administration. The church repair committee in 1703 consisted of Messrs. Keen, Lycon, Cox, and Bankson, also Peter Deal, a builder. The pews were all rented, and it was ordered in 1705 that members of the congregation who with their families might remove, or who should neg- lect to attend divine worship, should lose their rights altogether. In the same year the Swedish king sent over a quantity of Bibles, prayer-books, and other religious books.

In 1710, at a meeting of the congregation for the election of vestrymen, the following declaration was made of the duties of these church officers :

" To take care of the church, see to its repairs, and, if necessary, to put up additional buildinga.

" To maintain the parochial ordinances and regulations enacted at the general meetinga, and to preserve order in time of divine worship.

" To inspect the behavior of the people in their respective districte, admonish those that misbehave, and proceed with them further, if necessary.

" To attend divina worship often, partake of the Lord's Supper, and be edifying examples of all Christian virtues."

The following resolution was adopted in 1710 :

" WHEREAS, some when reproved for their eins and are not permitted to break our church rules, hato both the minister and the congregation, and abandon divine worship, therefore resolved, that euch shall be sev- eral timee admonished and warned against the dreadful hazard of their souls; and if they persevere in their mallce, shall have no right to the privileges of the church, and if they die without repentance shall not be buried in our cemetery."

In 1711 the congregation of Christ Church wor- shiped during three Sundays at Wicaco while their

1 The present bell hears the following inscription : " Cast for the Swedish church in Philadelphia, styled ' Gloria Dei,'

Partly from the old hell dated 1643.

G. HEDDERLY, FECIT 1806.

I to the church the living call And to the grave do summon all."

1236

HISTORY OF PHILADELPHIA.

own church, on Second Street above Market, was being enlarged. They had been offered accommoda- tions in the Presbyterian Church, but preferred the Swedish Church, " and for confirming the unity that existed between the two congregations a Swedish hymn was sung at the English service." The Swed- ish and English Churches seem to have been on good terms. "On solemn occasions," said Mr. Sandel, "as at the laying of corner-stones of churches, they have always invited us, and conducted themselves as friends to our church."

In 1717 the house at Passyunk being burned down, was at once rebuilt. That autumn the king of Swe- den recalled Rev. Mr. Sandel, appointing him to a rectory in Dalecarlia, but the recall was not received till May, 1718, and further delays prevented the fare- well sermon and departure of Mr. Sandel until May 7, 1719. Rev. Andrew Hesselius, of Christina Church, and Rev. Abraham Lidenius, of Raccoon Church, were present, and each agreed to preach once a month, Arvid Hernborn, the Sabbath-school teacher, acting as reader on the alternate Sabbaths. This arrange- ment lasted till November, when Rev. Joseph Lid- man, a highly educated man, appointed by the queen of Sweden in May of that year, arrived at Wicaco. With him came Rev. Samuel Hesselius. In 1722 the subject of providing Swedish schools for the children was considered,-one of the last efforts made to main- tain the ancient language against the preponderance of the English tongue then in use in the province thirty years. It was resolved the next year to divide the church land lying between the Moyamensing and Passyunk roads into two parts, and to let them as pas- ture-grounds, the rental to be for the use of the pastor. "Seventy trees, however, were to be reserved for the use of the congregation," whether for shade purposes or for firewood does not appear. In 1725 the pasture- ground next the church was ordered to be leased " to some honest person for the relief of the pastor."

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History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884, Part 89

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898. cn; Westcott, Thompson, 1820-1888, joint author Publication date: 1884 Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : L. H. Everts & Co. Number of Pages: 992

Author: Scharf, J. Thomas (John Thomas), 1843-1898. cn; Westcott, Thompson, 1820-1888, joint author
Publication date: 1884
Publisher: Philadelphia, Pa. : L. H. Everts & Co.
Number of Pages: 992