USA > Virginia > Frederick County > Frederick County > Shenandoah Valley Pioneers and Their Descendants: A History of Frederick County, Virginia. > Part 18
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Do Resolve, That this Commonwealth will yield to the Congress of the United States, for the benefit of said United States, all right, title and claim that the said Commonwealth hath to the territory northwest of the river Ohio, upon the following conditions, to-wit: That the said territory so ceded shall be laid out and formed into States containing a suitable extent of territory, and shall not be less than one hun- dred nor more than one hundred and fifty miles square." * * *
Other provisions were made to protect per- sons already seated in the territory, and West Virginia Soldiers in locating their land war- rants, especially those of the Col. George Rogers
Clarke expedition. The Articles, being ratified after this Act of Virginia, harmony prevailed; and the United Colonies laid aside their internal dissensions, and gathered renewed strength to overcome the invaders and secure peace.
During the War period, church dissensions had increased; and the element known as Dis- senters had become prominent throughout the Colony for their patriotism and zeal in the Cause of Freedom, while the established church ex- hibited such a luke-warm interest in the Cause, that many of the ministers who had received support from the State, deserted their standard and also refused assistance to the Cause. This produced such intense feeling as to require no- tice by the Assembly. Beginning in 1776 with remonstrances, the clergy were notified that dis- senters would not be required to contribute to their support. This allayed in part the feeling of discontent; but this measure once inaugurat- ed, other demands were made, and the subject threatened disaffection. Many good churchmen were in active service, and felt agrieved at the Acts of the legislative body, while the dissen- ters demanded that the Church and State should separate, and let all religious bodies have an equal right. So we find these issues agitated the body politic to such an extent that various compro- mises were tried. None, however, would satisfy the dissenters, who now had become a power in the land, but an adherance to their demand. The ministers of the Established Church must depend upon their parishioners for their support The Assembly hesitated to repeal the law, and continued from session to session to suspend payment; and thus it continued until the close of the War. The wedge had entered, however, and the time was approaching when this tower of strength, the Established Church had clung to so tenaciously, must be riven from base to cone. These and other dissensions not men- tioned, often gave serious admonitions. The zeal and patriotism of the masses prevailed, and the Glorious Independence was finally achieved.
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During the great struggle, the State was com- pelled to resort to a most trying plan to recruit the depleted regiments ; the militia was thoroughly organized, and the scheme for drafting men that has always dampened the ardor of many quasi supporters of war, was regarded as a burden, and rigorous measures were adopted. Commis- sions were created in every County, which were required under penalty to list the able-bodied men and draw therefrom, as the exigencies re- quired. At first it was every twenty-fifth man; then the twentieth; finally resorting to every tenth. The counties were required to equip the
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ROADS OPENED AND OVERSEERS APPOINTED
new levies, who were hurried away to the Con- tinental Line. The Quakers and Menoists were required to furnish substitutes, and their socie- ties compelled to pay what was agreed upon by the Commission. All of this was harrassing, and produced distress. We are glad to say that the Draft fell lightly on the Valley section. Her citizens seem to have been soldiers and patriots; for we find Frederick had furnished her quota by volunteers, while in some counties the Draft exceeded one hundred men.
During this period, the General Assembly found it uncomfortable to remain at Williams- burg; so we find that body in May, 1779, passed an Act to remove the Capital to Richmond, and
provided that six whole squares should be se- cured for the public buildings, and accommoda- tions found as soon as practicable for the ses- sions to be held at that town. The Fathers were more expeditious in those days than now; for we find at their next session, about twelve months after they passed the above Act, this language. "At a General Assembly begun and held at the Public Buildings in the Town of Richmond on Monday the first day of May, 1780." This indicates their fitness for those stir- ring times. We must add, however, that Henri- co County placed her Court House at the disposal of the Assembly, and in the Public Building the sessions were held.
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CHAPTER XVIII
Revolutionary War Period (Continued ) - Officers and Enlisted Men From Old Frederick
The author has been frequently asked who were the Shenandoah Valley men to render ser- vice in the dark days of the War 1775-83; and desiring to give some answer, submits the fol- lowing, which doubtless will be disappointing, because of its incomplete list. Efforts have been made by hundreds of chroniclers to find dates pertaining to that period, all of whom acknowl- edge their inability to collect such desirable in- formation, owing to the irregular records of the official army reports that found their way to what became in after years the Bureau of Mili- tary Records. It is a reasonable conclusion that many of the old leaders were not as efficient in making military reports as they were in making battle against their English foes; consequently many branches of the service have no place in the records. Seekers for such knowledge are embarrassed often, and fail to obtain what they had good reason to believe was obtainable. Many old files and rosters of troops give nothing but the surname of enlisted men, without reference to the section of country from which they en- listed; while whole regiments are only mention- ed by numbers, without giving the names of of- ficers or men. And as the commissioned officers and enlisted men aggregated many thousands during the Seven Years' War, the reader will ap- preciate the difficulty presented, when the con- fused and unsatisfactory mass is laid before the student of such history. The enlistments were made in different sections, en masse, and not generally by Companies; they were marched away from their sections in squads-called Com- panies-and on their arrival at the several mili- tary posts, were assigned to the various regiments. Many Virginians were found in S. Carolina, New Jersey, Maryland and Pennsylvania regiments. Thus their individuality was broken. Captains from Frederick and other counties, did not in all cases enlist men and organize companies. Captains received their commissions from their respective Colonies or States, and were authoriz- ed to procure men for the service. Colonels were likewise commissioned, but in many cases were authorized to raise Regiments; and when the requisite number was raised by Companies, Captains would be assigned by the Colonel, and
he would assume command and report for duty. Sometimes the Colonel procured a sufficient num- ber to comprise two regiments. We find, for instance, Daniel Morgan appearing in Winches- ter in the spring of 1777, with a commission and authority from the American Congress to enlist and organize two regiments of riflemen, to be known as the Eleventh and Fifteenth Virginia Regiments. Enlistments were quickly made; for we find him with the two regiments on the march May 31st, 1777, and reporting the following as the line officers :
Daniel Morgan, Col.
Abram Buford, Sec'd. Col., (succeeded Morgan May 15, 1778).
John Cropper, Lieut. Col. Geo. B. Wallace, Lieut. Col. David Stephenson, Major.
Philip Slaughter, Capt. and Paymaster.
Saml. Jones, Lieut. and Paymaster.
Albudyton Jones, Adjutant.
Robt. Porterfield, Lieut. and Adjutant.
John Barnes, Lieut. and Q. M.
Mace Clements, Surgeon.
Joseph Davis, Surgeon. John Crute, Q. M.'s Sergt.
Wm. Death, Q. M.'s Sergt. Chas. Erskine, Sergt. Major.
Thos. Pollock, Sergt. Major.
Robt. Sharman, Fife Major.
Col. Morgan also reported twelve regular Com- panies and their company officers; and also names of captains of four independent rifle com- panies of his same command. The Companies were designated by numbers (not by letters as now).
Company No. I.
James Calderhead, Capt. (One citizen by this name living now in Frederick County).
Thos. Lucas, Lieut. Thos. Burd, Lieut.
Wm. Hood, Ensign.
Elijah Reffey, Sergt.
James Weir, Sergt.
Wm. Karns, Sergt.
John Foster, Drummer.
John Shields, Fifer.
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REVOLUTIONARY WAR PERIOD
Company No. 2.
Chas. Gallagher, Capt. (Died May 24, 1777). Joseph Davis, Lieut. Robt. Young, Lieut. Chas. Tyler, Ensign. Thos. Roberson, Sergt. Francis Langfelt, Sergt. John H. Johnson, Sergt. Robt. Mills, Sergt.
Richard Marshall, Corporal.
John Quint, Corporal. Aquilla Naval, Corporal. Yelverton Reardon, Corporal. John Farrell and Robt. Shannon, Drum and Fife.
Company No. 3.
Wm. Johnston, Capt. (Everard Meade, assign- ed as Capt., March 1, 1778). Wm. Powell, Ist Lieut. (Jas. Wood, Ist Lieut. Mch. I, '78 Keith, 2d Lieut.)
Robt. Porterfield, Lieut. John Townes, Ensign. Peyton Powell, Sergt. Archibald Botts, Sergt. Wm. Oldrid, Sergt.
Michael Logsett, Sergt. John Means, Corpl. Wm. Palmer, Corpl. Shadrick Reader, Corpl. John McCart, Corpl. John Harris, Drummer.
The list of privates of this Company bears the names of old Frederick County men: Pey- ton-Graham-Thomas-Rutherford, etc. The Company is mentioned Nov. 1, 1778, as the "Light Horse," and gives the name of:
John Crittendon and Timothy Feely as now Lts.
John Bruce and John Lyon as Sergts.
Company No. 4 .- June 1, 1777. Chas. Porterfield, Capt. Thos. Tabbs, Capt. John Blackwell, Capt. Peyton Harrison, Lt. Valentine Harrison, 2d Lt. (Assigned Apl. I, '78).
Wm. Edmondson, Sergt. Geo. Greenway, Sergt. James Dunbar, Sergt. Sol. Fitzpatrick, Sergt. Duncan Meade, Fifer.
This Company, composed in part of privates detailed from other Companies, to-wit: Beckett, Davis, Viol, Duncan, Crown, Anderson, Round- sifer, Clevenger, Stump, Bartlett, Ray, Adams, Robinson, Middleton, Groves, Hopewell, Giles,
Jacobs, the following year, December I, (1778) had suffered severely in loss of men, and was recruited with 48 men-many of them being fa- miliar Valley names: Jno. Wood, Augustus Berry, Clement Richards, Adam Sheets, Jas. Holmes, Jas. Noland, Ed. Clevenger, Jno. Kelly, Geo. Wolf, Wm. Roe, Thos. Lee, Jno. Bell, Robt. Green, Lewis Stump, Jno. Philips, Wm. Beason, Wm. Hicks.
(Note. For full list of officers and men com- prising the Morgan Regiments, Eleventh and Fifteenth, See Saffell's "Men of the Revolution," Cong. Library.)
Company No. 5.
Wm. Smith, Capt. (Apl. I, '78, Robt. Powell, Capt. Isaiah Larks, Lt. Thos. Lomas, Ensign, (Apl. I, '78 Roy Ensign).
Isaac Brown, Sergt. (Apl. 1, '78, Thos. Keane, Sergt.
Jno. Owsly, Sergt.
Thos. Owsly, Sergt. John Bruce, Corp. (Apl. I, '78, Jas. Armstrong, Corpl.
Randall Morgan, Corp.
Mathew Byram, Corp.
Privates Jno. Miller, Richard Lee, two Rich- ard Jones. No other familiar Valley names in list of privates.
Company 6 .- June 1, '77.
Thomas Blackwell, Capt. (Apl. 1, '78, Reuben Briscoe, Capt.
John Marshall, Lt.
James Wright, 2d Lt.
Thos. Randall, 3d Lt. (Apl. I, '78, Thornton Taylor, Ensign.
John Morgan, Sergt. (Apl. I, '78, Peter Bon- ham, Sergt.
Saml. Philips, Sergt.
John Anderson, Sergt.
Joseph Garner, Sergt. (Apl. 1, '78, Jno. Side- bottom, Corp.
This enlistment for this Company was from East of Blue Ridge.
Company No. 7 .- June 1, '77.
Peter Bryn Bruin, Capt. Geo. Calmes, Lt. Chas. Magill, 2d Lt. Timothy Feely, Ensign. James Dowdall, (Cadet).
The list of privates shows the following as Valley men: Bowen, Blair, Hill, Handshaw, Glass, Legg, Crum, Sparks, Thompson, White, Lovell, Meade, Black, McGuire, Vance, Davis, James Gamble, Moore, Wm. and Jno. Holmes,, Jno. White, and many other Valley names.
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CARTMELL'S HISTORY
Company No. 8 .- Nov. 30, '78.
Thos. Willis, Capt. (Feb. 14, '78, Phil. R. R. Lee, Capt.)
Luke Cannon, Lt. (Saml. Love, Lt.)
Saml. Love, Sergt.
Privates : A. Foster, Jno. Russell, Peter Larue, Henry Webb, Jno. Young, Henry Russell, R. Abbott, Ward, Robt. White, And. Harrison, Stephen Ham, Elisha Hawkins-all Valley names.
Company No. 9.
Geo. Rice, Capt. James Wright, Lt. John Barnes, 2d Lt. Richard Marshall, Sergt. Major. (This Company was composed of Eastern Vir- ginians.)
Company No. 10.
Samuel Booker, Capt.
Lance Butler, Lt. Daniel Vasser, Sergt.
Wm. Cook, Sergt.
James Ryalls, Corp.
Saml. Ryals, Corp.
John Lewis, Drummer,
No Valley men for privates.
Company No. 11.
James Gray, Capt.
Saml. Jones, Lt.
Thos. Davis, Ensign,
Robt. Craddock, Sergt.
Willis Wilson, Sergt.
Spratley Simmons, Sergt.
Richison Booker, Sergt. Henry Tillar, Sergt. Holt, Sublett, and Trent, Corporals. No Valley names in list of privates.
. Company No. 12.
John Gregory, Capt. David Mason, Lt. Thos. Holt, Lt.
Louis Best, Sergt. Wm. Pryor, Sergt.
The four Independent Rifle Companies of Mor- gan's Command report names of the four cap- tains, to-wit :
Capt. Gabriel Long, (Phil. Slaughter, Lt.)
Capt. Shepherd, (James Harrison, Lt). Capt. West, (Reuben Long, Ensign). Capt. Bradys.
The four captains were evidently Valley men. Col. Alexander Spottswood commanded a Vir- ginia regiment from Jany. I, to June 1, 1777-
Number of regiment not given. Richard Parker, Lt. Col. Benjamin Day, Adjt.
Ambrose Madison, Paymaster.
Robt. Bell, Q. M.
Many changes in the personnel during the year.
The Third Virginia Regiment was commanded by Col. Wm. Heth. Col. Tom Marshall was with the regiment, but soon detailed for other service.
James Hansbrough, Q. M.
David Griffith, Chaplain and Surgeon. Some Valley names in this regiment.
A Virginia regiment-number not given-com- posed of five companies, was commanded (1777) by Col. Nathaniel Gist. Jno. Gist Capt. of Ist Company, Strother Jones, Capt. of one of the five companies; Thos. Bell, Capt. of one (No. 3). Names of other officers not familiar West of the Blue Ridge. Some Valley men privates in Col. Gist's Regiment were David Luckett, Arch Bartlett, Jos. Nail, Thomas Griffin, and Saml. Bent.
There was another Virginia Regiment, the Eighth, composed chiefly of Valley men, a ma- jority of whom were of the German stock, that had settlement from the Potomac to the Augusta line, and had been conspicuous in the formation of the new counties taken from old Frederick. Rev. Peter Muhlenberg, the historic Gospel preacher at Woodstock, had been recognized by the Colonial Government as a man of war-like spirit. He had fanned the spark of patriotism for more than twelve months; and no surprise was expressed when the flame suddenly burst forth in the Winter of '76, with their preacher fully uniformed and with his commission of Col- onel, authorized to enlist men and organize a regiment to serve in the "Virginia Line." Some strange fatality followed this regiment, so far as the records show. Except for letters (not official), that Genl. Muhlenburg addressed to the Genl. Assembly of Virginia in 1777, when he had been commissioned Brigadier Genl .- wherein he mentioned some of the "efficient officers fitted to command the Eighth Regiment,"-we would have no evidence who any of the officers were. He only mentions a few as in the line of promotion : Capt. Abraham Bowman, Capt. Peter Helfen- stein, and Capt. Philip Slaughter. Capt. Bow- man was commissioned Colonel in Jany. 1777; Peter Helfenstein, Major. From some cause, the Eighth Regiment has no muster roll in existence. Men were detailed from this regiment in 1778, to recruit the Rifle Companies; and thus we have the names of many which will appear later on, if space permit. Only one Company roll has been
REVOLUTIONARY WAR PERIOD
preserved, so far as the records show. This was known as Buck's Minute Men. The Company was composed of Valley men, and mustered into service at Woodstock by Col. Muhlenburg in 1777. Thos. Buck was Captain, and filed the original muster roll in the Pension Office in Washington when Congress passed the first law to issue bounty land warrants to soldiers of the Revolution. The list bears the certificate of County Lt. Joseph Pugh, dated Sept. 16, 1777.
List of Officers
Thomas Buck, Capt. John Crookshank, Ist. Lt.
Lionel Branson, Ensign.
Wm. Reed, Sergt. Jacob Lambert, 2d Sergt. Jno. Steel, 3d Sergt. Jeremiah Philips, 4th Sergt.
List of Privates
Fredk. Honaker, Wm. Hoover, Jno. Bently, Wm. Black, Valentine Lock Miller, Philip Smith, Martin Gay, Gasper Lutz, David Piper, C. Sap- ington, Martin Miller, Abram Gable, Wm. More- lock, Jno. Middleton, Geo. Lockmiller, Wm. Bag- nall, Geo. Miller, Henry Shumaker, Herbert Stockbridge, Wm. Copeman, Christian Boseman, Andrew Copeman, Michael Setsar, R. Bizant, Jno. Snider, Jno. Somers, Saml. Dust, John Hoover, Elijah Aadell, Conrad Hansberger, Wm. Harris, Thos. Price, Zachariah Price. Jno. Mar- shall Taylor.
We find good reason given why this Company was mustered into service without the requisite number-sixty-five-"provided for" by former Acts of the Virginia Assembly, in the formation of the Virginia regiments: At the sessions held in the Spring of 1777, provision was made to form militia companies of not less than 32 nor more than 58 in number. These companies were to be supplied with suitable accoutrements. Non- commissioned officers and privates to carry rifle
and tomahawk, good firelock and bayonet with pouch and horn, or cartouch, and with three charges of powder and ball." (See Henning's Statutes, May 5, 1777) and required to assemble weekly for drill and other exercises. The en- listments mentioned were in compliance with an Act of the Assembly, Oct. 18, 1776, providing for six new battalions of Infantry, strictly for Continental Service, and also provided for the completion of the nine battalions previously rais- ed to constitute the regular regiments, which were offered additional bounty, etc. (See Am- erican Archives, 5 series, Vol. 2, p. 1112.) Un- der this Act of Oct. 18, we have the following names appear as Colonels whose commissions are dated Nov. 15, '76: Edward Stevens, Daniel Morgan, James Wood, Saml. Meredith, Charles Lewis, and David Mason. (See Am. Archives, 5 series, Vol. 3, p. 695).
There is some confusion of dates in this con- nection, for it will appear in the chapter relating to Daniel Morgan, that he and his riflemen were in the Autumn of 1775 on their march from Massachusetts to Canada-ending at Quebec with his capture. Yet we find him in Virginia the following November organizing a rifle regiment, to reinforce Genl. Gates in his campaign against Genl. Burgoyne, and fighting the battle that re- sulted in the surrender of the latter 17th Octo- ber, 1777. We must conclude that Genl. Morgan was not in Virginia in the Autumn of 1776, on his mission to raise rifle regiments, but in the Spring of 1777. The Author finds several his- torians in their treatment of the incidents of the Revolutionary War, give conflicting dates as to the Morgan Campaign; and he has most studi- ously endeavored to collect facts; and is indebt- ed to officials having custody of the War Archi- ves in the War Dept. in Washington and those in the Virginia State Library, and had the per- sonal aid of such experienced compilers as Mr. Chas. E. Kemper, Geo. H. Saffell, W. F. Boogher and others.
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CHAPTER XIX
Morgan and His Men. George Rogers Clark Expedition Old Justices, Marriages, etc.
In the foregoing chapter, reference is made to Capt. Daniel Morgan and his Company, who marched from Winchester, Virginia, in the Sum- mer of 1775, with orders to report at headquar- ters of the Northern Army, then being organized at Boston by the Commander-in-Chief, Genl. Washington, who, having received his commis- sion June 15, 1775, proceeded to select men who were known to him for their efficiency, and have them commissioned to raise rifle companies as they were called, and hasten to the Northern bor- der where war was well established by the Brit- ish at all forts.
Daniel Morgan of Frederick County, Va., was the first to receive a Captain's commission,-at least, he was the first to respond from Virginia. Tradition gives him the credit of raising his company within ten days after receiving his com- mission. The men who undertook that march were imbued with patriotism surpassed by none. They were not called upon to remain in their own Valley, and conduct a warfare against the savages who had troubled their mountain set- tlers, and to defend their own homes. This new service meant a severance of ties and endurance of hardships that would have appalled many brave men. Then, too, they were to form part of the "Continental Line," liable to service any- where and everywhere. Unfortunately, no evi- dence in our County records shows who composed this Company; and for more than a century, all that is known to the Valley people concerning the Ninety-six Riflemen and the famous "Dutch Mess," who marched to Quebec and suffered de- feat, was that transmitted from father to son. The author in his researches, found among the files of the State Department at Washington, matter of much interest concerning the campaign in Canada in the Winter of 1775-6. As is well known, Benedict Arnold was in command of the invading army, Genl. Montgomery conducting the unsuccessful attack upon the British garrison at Quebec. Montgomery was killed after gallant- ly storming and carrying the outer walls. His detachment suffered severely, and fell back. Ar- nold then appeared; and under his rally, the Con- tinental lines achieved temporary victory. At this juncture, Arnold was severely wounded and
carried from the front. Capt. Morgan then as- sumed command, and made a desperate charge; but he and his gallant Virginians were overpow- ered and forced to surrender, leaving over 100 of the 800 Continentals dead, lying in the snow around the ramparts. 300 men, including Maj. Morgan, were prisoners; the remnant escaped capture, and undertook a straggling retreat through the snow and forests of Maine, resulting in untold suffering to all and death nearly half their number. We must conclude that of the latter, were several of the Winchester Company; for as will be seen later on, only about 65 are accounted for of the 96 that tradition fixes as the number that started from Winchester July 14, 1775, and bivouaced the first night at the "Morgan Springs" near Shepherdstown. The files referred to become valuable at this late date, because they reveal the names of many of this old Company that have never been mentioned within the memory of the oldest inhabitant of the Lower Valley. We can afford to accept the list here given, for Major Morgan aided the British officer in obtaining a description of all the dead, wounded and prisoners, so far as re- lated to his own Company.
The U. S. Government record shows that on the 4th day of January, 1776, Col. Allan Maclean, of the 84th Regiment of "Royal Emigrants" in- spected the prisoners, and with the aid of officers, took their names and places of nativity. Those of British birth were required to enlist in his regiment, under the threat of being sent to Eng- land and tried as traitors. Under this threat, many enlisted. Inasmuch as the Valley people are especially interested in the Morgan Com- pany, these pages will not be encumbered with the names of the heroes from other sections than Old Frederick.
List of killed, wounded and prisoners of Capt. Daniel Morgan's Company of Riflemen at Que- bec, Canada, 1775-6.
Killed:
Lt. John Humphrey, Wm. Rutledge, Cornelius Norris, David Wilson, Peter Wolf, John Moore, Mathew Harbinson, Richard Colbert.
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MORGAN AND HIS MEN
Wounded:
Benjamin Cackley, Solomon Fitzpatrick, Dan- iel Anderson, Spencer George, Daniel Durst, Hezekiah Philips, Adam Heizkill (Heiskell) John McGuire, Jesse Wheeler.
Prisoners:
Capt. Daniel Morgan, Lt. Wm. Heath (or Heth), Lt. Bruin (slightly wounded), Sergt. Wm. Fickhis, Sergt. Charles Porterfield, Sergt. John Donaldson, John Rogers, Corporal; Benjamin Grubb, corp .; John Burns, John Connor, Solomon Veal, Jacob Sperry, Adam Kurtz, John Shoults (Shultz), Chas. Grim, Peter Locke (Lauck) ; John Stephens, David Griffith, John Pearce, Ben- jamin Roderick, Thomas Williams, Gasper De Hart, Benjamin McIntire, Jeremiah Gordon, Roland Jacobs, Daniel Davis, John Brown, John Oran, John Maid, John Harbinson, Jedediah Philips, Jacob Ware, Absolon Brown, Thomas Chapman, Charles Secrists, Jeremia Riddle, Wm. Flood, William Greenway, Robert Mitchell, George Merchant, John Cochran, Curtis Bram- ingham, Timothy Feely, Conrad Enders, Patrick Dooland, Christopher Dolton and Robert Churchill. Seven of the number closing this list, enlisted in the King's service, while George Merchant, who had been captured on picket and, attired in his rifleman's uniform, was sent to England for exhibition as a specimen of the troops of the Colonies. He was liberated and sent home the next Summer.
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