USA > Virginia > Frederick County > Frederick County > Shenandoah Valley Pioneers and Their Descendants: A History of Frederick County, Virginia. > Part 92
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CARTMELL'S HISTORY
the revenues will be when the larger orchards are ready for market. The varieties are York Imperial, Ben Davis, Grimes Golden, Winesap, Black Twig, Newtown or Albemarle Pippin, such being chiefly commercial orchards, while other splendid table sorts are in abundance for home consumption.
The forests of Frederick were famous for several years,-some being well-known virgin for- ests, where the gigantic oaks were found in abundance,-the pride of the. County. Walnut, chestnut, locust, hickory and other varieties at- tracted the attention of the lumbermen; and for several years the hum of the steam sawmill could be heard in every neighborhood. Millions of feet of first-class lumber were shipped in every direction, giving to owners of the timber belts handsome profits. While the present own- ers derive large sums from this wholesale de- pletion of the splendid woodland and mountain forests, we may well enquire what the succeed- ing generations will have as a substitute. Many thousand acres of this virgin soil, however, are gradually converted into areas for the cereal crops and orchards.
Frederick County has had ventures in handling ores. Several furnaces at one time smelted the rich iron ores; and operators found profit, until the railroads brought bar iron to the consumer at less cost than the pig iron could be delivered by the local furnace in Winchester, compelling abandonment of the industry many years ago. In the Western parts of the County, mountains of rich ore abound, and only await the rail- roads to penetrate those sections, but twelve miles distant, to be rekindled.
Much could be said about hidden veins of coal, which are known to exist in several distant sec- tions of the County. The day is not far distant when paying quantities of coal will be mined; and some predict that oil-wells will follow such development. However, the careful observer re- gards the present developments of the County sufficient for the home-seeker and fortune hun- ter. The citizenship of this great country, being above the average, insures social advantages to the new-comers. At this writing, many large tracts of land are being subdivided; and new homes appear in every section.
The climate is inviting. The crisp Virginia Winter, and mild Summers, with a balmy Spring and Indian-Summer Autumns, give this section the advantages of four distinct seasons,-all of which tend to invigorate, and not enervate, the spirits of the happy dwellers in this land flowing
with milk and honey, and free from the lowland fevers and epidemics that prevail West of the great mountains. Frederick County continues to maintain the reputation the Old County had one hundred and fifty years ago, when the first settlers found an Eden with untold attractions, whose descendants by unstinted efforts, have made a garden spot famous from ocean to ocean.
Celebrated mineral springs abound in every section. These and other springs of delicious water, may receive fuller notice if space admit.
As will be seen in other pages of this work, good and numerous roads have been an interest- ing feature in the history of the County. Since the introduction of road machinery,-the road- plow, scraper and stone-crusher-many miles of the common roads have been permanently im- proved. In the limestone region, especially is this true. Nothing unusual to find the MacAdam plan in active operation. Thus the ledges of limestone are utilized greatly to the advantage of the general public, while to enterprising par- ties, large lime plants have sprung up in several sections; and thousands of barrels of pure, white lime find ready sale in the Southern markets. The raw material is inexhaustible, while the de- mand increases.
The Fruit Industry
It is estimated that fully five hundred farmers are engaged in fruit culture, and that at least two thousand acres of land are planted in apples, the orchards ranging from 10 acres to 150, while many thousand trees are planted every year. This fruit development is one of the wonders of the age, when we consider that the change has occurred within twenty years; for previous to that time, the orchard for commercial purposes, was regarded as a doubtful experiment. The writer remembers well the comments made as to the folly of one man who planted the first pippin orchard near the Northwestern Turnpike, about two miles from Winchester, and waited full fifteen years before there was a crop of apples; and when this occurred, none supposed it pos- sible to find a market. When this crop was sold, however, for about $5,000, all were as- tonished; and several farmers ventured to plant small orchards. But the majority held back; and some of this number are still holding out, predicting failure, while those who followed the example of the promoter of this enterprise, have gathered in many thousand dollars.
To give some idea of what this industry has done for this section, we subjoin the following. as furnished by the agents for the two railroads :
Number of barrels of apples shipped from Win- chester over the Cumberland Valley Railroad for
511
APPENDICES
the season of 1907, 65,000 barrels, and over the B. & O. Railroad, 17,000.
The area of Frederick County as of to-day is four hundred and twenty-one square miles, com- prising two hundred and sixty-nine thousand three hundred and sixty-six acres (269,366).
Population, including Winchester, about 20,000. The elevation above sea-level an average of 1,200 feet.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX NO. 1
List of Burgesses from Frederick County
Samuel Earle. .1743-1747
Andrew Campbell. 1745-1747
George Fairfax. 1748-1750
Gabriel Jones 1748-1754
Geo. Wm. Fairfax .1752-1755
Isaac Parkins. . 1754-1755
Hugh West. 1756-1758
Thomas Swearingen.
1756-1758
Geo. Washington
1758-1761
Thos. Bryan Martin. 1758-1761
George Mercer 1761-1765
Robert Rutherford. .1766-1772
James Wood.
1766-1775
Isaac Zane. 1773-1775
It may be of interest to show how the Bur- gesses were elected. The suffrage rights were not liberal in the colonial period. None could vote but freeholders. This freeholder was sup- posed to be of the gentry class and owner of valuable estates. When the General Assembly convened at the capitol, power was vested in the Royal Governor to prorogue the assembly-ex- tending the sessions or dissolving same. These prorogations continued for three years prior to 1762. At a session held November, 1762, the General Assembly by Royal authority, increased the electorate. The freeholder clause was more liberally construed. Those who proved they owned not less than fifty acres of unimproved land, or 25 acres with a house thereon at least twelve feet square, or a lot in town with house thereon, were allowed to vote, and to vote in any other county where they had similar hold- ings. The General Assembly was to be holden once in three years at least.
Delegates to the Colonial Convention Held in Richmond, Virginia, Monday, July 17, 1775
Isaac Zane and Chas. Mynn Thruston, Fred- erick Co.
Robert Rutherford and Adam Stephen, Berke- ley Co.
James Mercer, Hampshire Co. No delegate present, Shenandoah Co.
When the name of Adam Sttphen was called, a protest from many citizens of Berkeley County was presented and considered by the Convention : the complaint being that a fraudulent election had been held in Berkeley County. Col. Stephen was charged with using his office of Commander- in-Chief of the Militia of that County, to secure his election; and that it was accomplished in this wise. The Colonel ordered the several com- panies to appear on election day for muster, and were then marched to the polls and requested to vote for their Colonel. The charge was vig- orously supported by the contestants. The Con- vention refused him a seat ; and a new election was ordered. Stephen quietly submitted; and from some cause the election was not held. Stephen loitered in Richmond for several months, and mingled with the delegates; and from this, he has been accredited by some writers as a mem- ber of the first Convention.
The Convention elected delegates to represent the Colony of Virginia in General Congress then assembling in Philadelphia, to-wit: Peyton Ran- dolph, George Washington, Patrick Henry, Rich- ard Henry Lee, Edmund Pendleton, Benjamin Harrison, and Richard Bland.
Rev. Chas. Mynn Thruston, delegate from Frederick, read the prayers and preached for the Convention the first Sunday, May 23rd.
We find the Convention was much disturbed in the Autumn of 1775 by reason of British war vessels appearing in the Lower James; and in December adjourned, to meet promptly at Wil- liamsburg.
This Convention took charge of necessary leg- islation, supplanting the House of Burgesses. The question of protecting the Western border and enlisting men for the new general govern- ment, was taken up. Six regiments were ordered to be raised in the Counties of Augusta, Dun- more, Frederick, Berkeley, Hampshire, Culpeper and Fincastle. One of the regiments to be raised in the Valley to be called the German regi- ment. General Congress to appoint general offi- cers. The Convention to appoint field officers, and the several county courts to appoint cap- tains, etc., upon recommendation of the general committee.
State Senators, 1776-1800
Senator for the District composed of Frederick, Berkeley and Hampshire
Session
Robert Rutherford. .1776
Continued in office to. 1791
Col. John Smith.
1792-1795
Hugh Holmes
.1795
512
CARTMELL'S HISTORY
Col. John Smith
. 1796
Hugh Holmes . 1797-1798
Chas. McGill. 1799-1800
No record of Session of.
.1800
No member for . 1801
Frederick, Berkeley, Hampshire and Hardy
Lewis Wolf. Session
1804
Lewis Wolf. 1805
Lewis Wolf. . 1807
Lewis Wolf.
1810
Lewis Wolf. 1811
A. H. Powell 1813
A. H. Powell.
1814
A. H. Powell .1815
A. H. Powell.
1816
Frederick and Jefferson
Session
A. H. Powell.
. 1817
A. H. Powell.
1818
H. St. G. Tucker. .1818
H. St. G. Tucker. .1821
H. St. G. Tucker.
1822
William B. Page. .1823
William B. Page. .1824
William B. Page. 1825
William B. Page. 1826
Augus'e C. Smith.
.1827
Augus'e C. Smith
1828
Augus'e C. Smith.
. 1829
Hierome L. Opie.
1830
Hierome L. Opie. . 1831
Hierome L. Opie. 1832
Hierome L. Opie.
1833
Hierome L. Opie.
.1834
Hierome L Ppie.
. 1835
Hierome L. Opie.
.1836
Frederick, Jefferson and Clarke
Session
Hierome L. Opie. 1837
Hierome L. Opie. 1838
Hierome L. Opie. 1839
Robert Y. Conrad.
1840
Robert Y. Conrad . 1841
Robert Y. Conrad. 1842
Robert Y. Conrad. 1843
John S. Gallaher. . 1844
John S. Gallaher. 1845
John S. Gallaher. .1846
John S. Gallaher
1847
H. L. Opie.
.1848
H. L. Opie. 1849
H. L. Opie.
1850
Frederick, Warren and Clarke
Session
Oliver R. Funsten
. 1851
Oliver R. Funsten
. 1852
Frederick Va. State Convention (Secession)
Session
Robert R. Conrad.
.. 1861
James Marshall 1861
State Senators Since Civil War Frederick, Clarke and Warren
Session
James H. Cars . 1862
James H. Carson 1863
S. W. Thomas. 1864
Nathaniel B. Meade. 1865
Nathaniel B. Meade. 1866
Nathaniel B. Meade. 1867
Frederick, Clarke and Shenandoah
Session
William D. Smith.
1869
William D. Smith
.1870
Frederick, Clarke and Warren
Session
G. W. Ward. . 1871
G. W. Ward . 1872
G. W. Ward. .1873
G. W. Ward. . 1874
G. W. Ward. 1875
G. W. Ward.
.1876
G. W. Ward.
. 1877
G. W. Ward. .1878
John T. Lovell. .1879
John T. Lovell. .1880
John T. Lovell. 1882
J. M. McCormick 1883
J. M. McCormick. 1884
J. M. McCormick.
Marshall McCormick. 1886
Marshall McCormick. . 1887
T. W. Harrison. 1888-'90
T. W. Harrison. 1890-'92
T. W. Harrison 1892-'94
Thomas D. Gold. 1895-'96
Frederick and Shenandoah
Session
J. G. McCune . 1896
S. L. Lupton.
. 1900
F. S. Tavenner. . 1904
R. M. Ward.
. 1008
Members of the House of Delegates from Fred- erick County
Session
James Wood and Isaac Zane.
. 1776
Isaac Zane and John Smith.
. 1779
Session
Oliver R. Funsten .1854
Oliver R. Funsten . 1855
Oliver R. Funsten. 1856
Oliver R. Funst 1857-'58
Session
Oliver R. Fur 1853
. 1885
513
APPENDICES
Session
Joseph Holmes. .1781
Alexander White and Chas. Mynn Thruston, 1785
Chas. Mynn Thruston and Sher. Woodcock, 1787
Joseph Holmes and Robert White. 1789
Joseph Holmes and Mann Page. 1790
Mathew Page and Robert White . 1792
Mathew Page and Archibald McGill . 1794
Archibald McGill and Robert Page. . 1795
Wm. McGuire and James Singleton. . 1796 Wm. McGuire and Archibald McGill. 1797
Wm. McGuire and Archibald McGill. 1798
Wm. McGuire and George Eskridge. . 1799 Wm. McGuire and George Eskridge. .1800
George Eskridge. ... Jan. and Dec. 1800-Jan, 1801 Archibald Magill.
1800-01-12-13-14-15-17-18-19-20-21
Hugh Holmes . January, 1802
James Singleton December 1806-Jany., 1807
Charles Brent. . 1808-9-10-11
Jared Williams. 1812-13-14-15
William B. Page. .1822-23
Richard W. Barton
1823-25-32-33-34-35-39
James Ship ..
1824-25-26-27-28
James M. Mason
.1826-27-28-29-30-31
William M. Barton.
.1827-28
William Castleman, Jr .. . 1828-29-30-31
William Wood
. 1830-31-32-38-40-41-42-43-44
John B. D. Smith.
1831-32-33-34-35-36-37
James G. Bryce . 1831-32
James Gibson. 1833-34-35
John S. Davisson 1835-36
James Bowen ..
1835-36
Edgar W. Robinson
1836-37
Robert L. Baker.
1839-40
Richard E. Byrd. 1839-40-41-42-43-44-50-51
James Cather.
. 1840-41 and 1845-46
James H. Carson . 1844-45-46-47-59-60-61
Jonathan Lovett
1844-45
John F. Wall.
1845-46-47-48-49-50-51-65-66 (an extra session) Algernon R. Wood. . 1847-48-49-50 R. M. Sydnor 1848-49-50-51
Lewis A. Miller. 1852-53-54
Edwin S. Baker. . 1852
John B. McLeod . 1853-54
Thomas T. Fauntleroy . 1857-58 M. R. Kaufman.
1857-58-59-60 (Ex. 61) George W. Ward
1859-60-(Ex. 61)-62-63-(Called 64-65) M. R. Kaufman 1862 (called 63) 63-64-65
J. S. Magill. .1865-66-67 (67 extra)
David J. Miller .1869-70 John F. Wall. 1867-70-71-72-73-75-76-77 *William D. Smith. .1869-70-71 E. M. Tidball. .1871-(72-extra)-73
Geo. W. Ward.
1871-(72-extra) -73
R. W. Hunter.
.1874-75
James H. Williams 1874-75
P. B. Williams.
1876-77
Session
Nimrod Whita . 1877-78
T. T. Fauntleroy, Jr. 1877-78
E. P. Dandridge. 1879-80
Holmes Conrad. 1881-82
Robert T. Barton. 1883-84
John V. Tavenner 1886-87
Jno. M. Silver. 1888-91
Joseph A. Miller.
1892-93
Chas. F. Nelson.
1894-95
Jas. K. McCann
1896-97
E. C. Jordan.
1898-1905
Richard E. Byrd. . 1906-08 (Speaker of House 'o8)
*W. D. Smith represented Frederick, Clarke and Shenandoah Counties.
APPENDIX NO. 2
GOVERNORS OF VIRGINIA
Colony and State
"It is difficult to make a clear and comprehen- sive list of the Governors of Virginia, for the reason that the person bearing the title of Gov- ernor often resided in England, while the real official head, residing in Virginia, was a deputy." So says the Hon. Secretary of State, in his effort to compile a list. The author submits the following as a subject for reference.
The history of Virginia executives divides itself into nine heads, including the period of at- tempted colonization in the time of Elizabeth, though the real history of Virginia begins with the London Company, whose rule lasted for eighteen years, under two presidents or treas- urers-Sir Thomas Smith and Sir Edwin Sandys -neither of whom visited the colony. Therefore, the early government of Virginia was intended to be a colonial council, with a president, often spoken of as governor. The first man ever to have the title of Governor was Lord Delaware, appointed by the London Company, in 1609, to hold office for life. He held the office for nine years, dying in 1618. He resided in Virginia only nine months; and for the balance of the nine years was represented by a deputy. In 1624, the London Company lost its charter; and Virginia then passed into the hands of the King, who from time to time appointed Royal Governors. These governors often resided in England, and were represented in Virginia by deputies. Vir- ginia still retained a resident council; and if, for any reason, the governor or deputy governor was absent from the colony, the president of the council was the acting governor. In 1652, the appointive power passed under the Common- wealth (Cromwell's) ; and the General Assem- bly by its own authority, elected four governors.
514
CARTMELL'S HISTORY
From 1660 to 1776, Virginia was again under the rule of the King, who appointed the gov- ernors. During this period, there were only ten governors of Virginia and a great number of deputies. Of these governors, Sir William Berke- ley, Sir Herbert Jeffries, Lord Culpeper and Sir Edmond Andros, were residents of Virginia the greater portion of their terms. But the Earl of Orkney, the Earl of Albemarle, the Earl of Lou- doun, and Sir Jeffrey Amherst, governors from 1697 to 1763, never came to Virginia, and were represented by deputies. The last two governors to be appointed by the King, Lord Botetourt and Lord Dunmore, resided in Virginia during their terms of office.
I. Virginia in the Time of Elizabeth
Sir Walter Raleigh, Lord Proprietor of Vir- ginia, 1584-90.
Ralph Lane, Governor of Raleigh's First Col- ony, on Roanoke Island, N. C., 1585-1586.
John White, Governor of Raleigh's Second Col- ony, 1578-1590.
II. Virginia Under the London Company, 1606-1624
Sir Thomas Smith, President and Treasurer of the London Company. As Treasurer of the Company, Smith (or Smythe) was President of the Company, and the real Governor of Vir- ginia, though resident in England, 1606-1618.
Edward M. Wingfield, President of the Coun- cil, resident in Virginia, May 13, 1607 to Sept. 10, 1607.
John Ratcliffe, President of the Council, resi- dent in Virginia, 1607-1608.
Capt. John Smith, President of the Council, resident in Virginia, 1608-1609.
Capt. George Percy, President of the Council, resident in Virginia, 1609-1610.
Thomas West, Lord De La Warr, Governor and Captain General, 1609-1618.
Sir Thomas Gates, Lieutenant General and Deputy Governor, May to June, 1610.
Thomas West, Lord De La Warr, Governor, resident in Virginia, June, 1610-Mch., 1611.
Captain George Percy, Deputy Governor, March to May, 1611.
Sir Thomas Dale, High Marshal and Acting Governor, May to August, 1611.
Sir Thomas Gates, Acting Governor, 1611-1613. Sir Thomas Dale, Acting Governor, 1613-1616. Capt. George Yeardley, Deputy or Lieutenant Governor, 1616-1617.
Sir Edwin Sandys, President and Treasurer of London Company, 1618-1624.
Capt. Samuel Argall, Deputy Lieutenant Gov- ernor, 1617-1619.
Capt. Nathaniel Powell, President of the Coun- cil in Va. and Acting Governor, April 9 to Apl. 19, 1619.
Sir George Yeardley, Gov. and Captain Gen- eral, 1619-1621.
Sir Francis Wyatt, Governor and Captain Gen- eral, 1621-1624.
III. Virginia Under the King, 1624-1652
Sir Francis Wyatt, Gov. and Captain General, 1624-1626.
Sir George Yeardley, Gov. and Captain General, 1626-1627.
Capt. Francis West, President of the Council and Acting Governor, 1627-1629.
Sir John Harvey, Gov. and Captain General, 1628-1629.
Doctor John Pott, President of the Council and Acting Governor, 1629-1630.
Sir John Harvey, Governor and Captain Gen- eral, 1630-1635.
Capt John West, President of the Council and Acting Governor, 1635-1636.
Sir John Harvey, Governor and Captain Gen- eral, 1626-1639.
Sir Francis Wyatt, Governor and Captain Gen- eral, 1639-1642.
Sir William Berkeley, Governor and Captain General, 1642-1644.
Richard Kempe, President of the Council and Actg. Gov. while Gov. Berkeley visited Eng- land, 1644-1645.
Sir William Berkeley, Governor, 1645-1652.
IV. Virginia Under Cromwell's Common- wealth, 1652-1660
Richard Bennett, Governor, elected by the As- sembly, 1652-1655.
Edward Diggs, President of Council and Gov- ernor, elected by the Assembly, 1655-1658.
Capt. Samuel Mathews, Governor, elected by the Assembly, 1658-1660.
Sir William Berkeley, Governor, elected by the Assembly, March to July, 1660.
V. Virginia, a Royal Province, 1660 to 1676
Sir William Berkeley, Governor, 1660-1677. Col. Francis Morryson (or Morrison) Deputy or L. Gov., acting while Berkeley visited Eng- land, 1661-1662.
Sir Herbert Jeffries, Lt. Governor and Gov- ernor, 1677-1678.
Sir Henry Chicheley, Deputy Governor, 1678- 1680.
Thomas Lord Culpeper (Baron of Thorsway), Governor, 1680-1683.
Nicholas Spencer, President of the Council and Acting Governor, 1684-1688.
515
APPENDICES
Nathaniel Bacon, President of the Council, 1688-1690.
Sir Francis Nicholson, Lt. Governor, 1690-1692. Sir Edmond Andros, Governor, 1692-1698.
George Hamilton Douglas, (Earl of Orkney) Governor in Chief, (never in Virginia), 1697-1737.
(NOTE .- During his long term, 34 years, the following named eight Lt. Governors resided in Virginia and served the following terms) :
Sir Francis Nicholson, Lieut. Governor, 1698- 1705.
Edward Nott, Lieut. Governor, 1705-1706.
Edmund Jennings, President of the Council and Acting Governor, 1706-1710.
Robert Hunter, Lieut. Governor, commissioned 1707, but being captured by the French, never reached Virginia.
Alexander Spottswood, Lieut. Governor, 1710- 1722.
Hugh Drysdale, Lieut. Governor, 1722-1726. Robert Carter, President of the Council and Acting Governor, 1726-1727.
William Gooch, Lieut. Governor, 1727-1737. William Anne Keppel, (Earl of Albemarle),
Governor in Chief (never came to Va.) 1737-1754- William Gooch, Lieut. Governor, 1737-1740. Commissary James Blair, President of the Council and Acting Governor, 1740-1741.
John Robinson, President of the Council, and Acting Governor, 1749-1749.
Thomas Lee, President of Council, 1749-1751. Lewis Burwell, President of Council, 1751-1751. Robert Dinwiddie, Lieut. Governor, 1751-1756. John Campbell, Earl of Loudoun, Governor General of all the American Colonies, never came to Virginia, 1756-1763.
Robert Dinwiddie, Lieut. Governor, 1756-1758. John Blair, President of the Council and Act- ing Governor, January to June, 1758.
Francis Fauquier, Lieut. Governor, 1758-1768. Sir Jeffrey Emherst, Governor in Chief, never in Virginia, 1763-1768.
John Blair, President of the Council and Act- ing Governor, Mch. to Oct., 1768.
Norborne Berkeley (Baron de Botetourt), Gov- ernor in Chief, 1768-1770.
William Nelson, President of the Council and Acting Governor, 1770-1771.
John Murray (Earl of Dunmore), Governor in Chief, 1771-1776.
VI. Virginia in Revolt-The Convention Period
Peyton Randolph, President of Virginia, Con- ventions of 1774-Mch., 1775, and July, 1775.
Edmund Pendleton, President of the Conven- tions, May, 1776 and Dec. 1778.
VII. Virginia as an Independent Commonwealth
Patrick Henry. Governor 1777-1779
Thomas Jefferson. 1779-1781
Thomas Nelson, Jr. 1781-1781
Benjamin Harrison 1781-1784
Patrick Henry, (2nd term) ..
1784-1786
Edmund Randolph 1786-1788
Beverly Randolph. 1788-1791
Henry Lee
1791-1794
Robert Brooke.
1794-1796
James Wood.
1796-1799
James Monroe = 1799-1802
John Page.
= 1802-1805
William H. Cabell.
1805-1808
John Tyler. 1808-1811
James Monr
. Jan. to Nov. 1811
(Resigned to become Sec. of State to Madison.) Geo. William Smith as Sen. Member of the
Council of State, Actg. Gov. Nov. to Dec., 1811 From 1776 to 1852 the Governors were elect- ed by the Legislature, and were assisted in their executive duties by a Council of State. On the resignation or death of a governor, the senior councilor acted as governor until the election of one by the legislature. Therefore on the resignation of Monroe, George William Smith acted as Governor; but when he was burned to death in the Richmond Theatre, he in turn was succeeded by Peyton Randolph until the Legis- lature elected James Barbour (see files in office of Sec. of State.)
Peyton Randolph as Senior Member of the Council of State, Actg. Gov. Dec. 26, 1811 to Jan. 3. . 1812
James Barbour. Governor, 1812-1814
Wilson Carey Nicholas. 1814-1816 James P. Preston 1816-1818
Thomas Mann Randolph. 1819-1822
James Pleasants, Jr. 1822-1825
John Tyler.
1825-1827
William B. Giles 1827-1830
John Floyd. 1830-1834
Littleton Waller Tazwell ..
1834-1836
(Resigned)
Wyndham Robertson as Senior Member of Council, Actg. Governor, Apl .- Mch., 1836-1837 David Campbell. = . Governor, 1837-1840 Thomas Waller Gilmer ... ... 1840-1841
Gilmer resigned by reason of disagreement with the Legislature, which was unable for 21 months to elect a Governor; so the senior mem- bers of council, Patton, Rutherford and Gregory, were Acting Governors.
John Mercer Patton, Senior Member of Coun- cil, Actg. Governor, Mch. 18 to 31, 1841 John Rutherford, Senior Member of the Coun- cil, Acting Governor, Mch .- Jany, 1842-1843
516
CARTMELL'S HISTORY
James McDowell, Governor, 1843-1846 Clark Cather . 1897-1908
William Smith.
1846-1849
1849-1852
Joseph Johnson
1852-1856
Henry Alexander Wise. =
1856-1860
John Letcher.
1860-1864
William Smith.
1864-1865
VIII. Virginia Under Federal Rule
Francis H. Pierpont, Governor ... . 1865-1868 Genl. J. M. Schofield, Military Com., 1867-1869 Henry H. Wells, Provisional Governor, 1868-1869 Genl. E. R. S. Canby, Military Com., 1869-1870 Gilbert C. Walker, Provisional Gov. Apl .- Jany 1869-1870
IX. Virginia Again in the Union
Gilbert C. Walker. Governor, 1870-1774
James Lawson Kemper.
1874-1878
Frederick W. M. Holliday ..
1878-1882
William E. Cameron
1882-1886
Fitzhugh Lee.
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