History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume II, Part 126

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 724

USA > Alabama > History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume II > Part 126

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

1397

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

at Pensacola. The older company not only subscribed liberally to the capital stock of the new and furnished the experienced men to carry on the enterprise, but also aided it by the endorsement of a large amount of its bonds; so that the Montgomery & West Point may be said to have been the "foster-parent" of the Alabama & Florida Railroad Co., which later constituted the northern section of the line of the Mobile & Montgomery Railroad Co. (q.v.), which, in turn, became a part of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad system.

The management of the Montgomery & West Point Rail Road, among whom Pres. Pollard and Chief Engineer Jones seem to have been the leading spirits, were enterpris- ing and progressive to a remarkable degree. They not only carried their original enter- prise to a successful conclusion and operated their road after its completion with satisfac- tion and profit-they had also the imagina- tion to visualize the importance of transporta- tion as an element of the future economic development of the State; the judgment to foresee the lines or routes of its probable development; and the courage to anticipate, and at the same time assist, that develop- ment by encouraging and aiding new under- takings in railway construction; and they were interested, directly or indirectly, in practically every such early enterprise in central Alabama.

Pres. Pollard submitted to the stockholders of his company in 1854 a charter obtained at the last session of the legislature, author- izing the building of a continuous line of rall- road across the State, from the western terminus of their road at Montgomery to a connection with the Alabama & Mississippi Rivers Railroad by way of Selma. This com- pany, whose charter was dated February 16, 1854, was incorporated by George Gold- thwaite, Thomas H. Watts, Charles . T. Pol- lard, John Whiting and William Knox, of Montgomery; Daniel Pratt, John Steele, Wil- liam Montgomery and Bolling Hall, of Au- tauga County; William S. Phillips, J. W. Lapsley, T. B. Goldsby, P. J. Weaver and Robert Hatcher, of Dallas County; James L. Price, Joseph R. Johns, L. Q. C. DeYampert and Richard H. Adams, of Perry County; Andrew P. Calhoun, F. Lyon, Nathan B. Whitfield, Augustus Foscue and Leven B. Lane, of Marengo; John C. McCrew, of Sum- ter County, under the title of the Western Rail Road Co. of Alabama; was authorized to construct the new road from Montgomery westward through Selma, and to purchase the property of the Montgomery & West Point Rail Road Co., so as to form the through line across the State contemplated by its pro- moters. Its authorized capital stock was $6,000,000; and extensive powers for con- structing and purchasing railroads were con- ferred. The company was required "to com- mence and let out the grading of 30 miles of said road within two years after passage of this act." The promoters could not begin the work within the stipulated time, and the charter was forfeited.

By an act of February 1, 1856, the legisla-

ture increased the number of directors of the Montgomery & West Point Rail Road Co. to seven, and changed the time of their an- nual meetings to the first Tuesday in April. In January, 1858, this company's endorse- ment of $300,000 of 8 per cent, 10-year bonds issued by the Alabama & Florida Railroad Co. (see Mobile & Montgomery Railroad Co. ) was ratified and approved.

Western Railroad of Alabama .- In 1859, Mr. Pollard made another effort to carry out his plan for a road to Selma from Mont- gomery. He obtained a charter from the legislature, by act approved February 23, 1860, authorizing himself and Henry C. Semple, John Whiting, William Knox, T. B. Bethea, Bolling Hall and Daniel Pratt to form a company with the title of the West- ern Railroad Co. of Alabama, with capital stock of $5,000,000, to build a road from Montgomery to Selma. Power to purchase the Montgomery & West Point Rail Road was given this company also, and authority to connect or consolidate with other lines so as to form a continuous line across the State. Mr. Pollard had interested the management of the Central Railroad of Georgia in his scheme for a western outlet for their roads, and that company was financially interested in the new venture. A survey of the route was made in the same year, but nothing further was done toward construction.

In December, 1863, the legislature extended the time in which the road from Montgomery to Selma must be completed or forfeit its charter rights until two years after the rati- fication of peace. In 1866 another survey of the route was made under the direction of Samuel G. Jones, and the work of con- struction actually commenced. It was opened for traffic between Montgomery and the east bank of the Alabama River at Selma in De- cember, 1870. In 1872 the iron bridge across the Alabama was completed.

Consolidations and Reorganization. - On September 1, 1870, this company purchased the franchises and property of the Mont- gomery & West Point Rail Road Co., as provided for in its charter, and the consoli- dation of the two roads formed a through line from Selma to the Chattahoochee River opposite West Point, Ga., with a branch from Opelika to Columbus, Ga. In May, 1875, the consolidated road was sold under foreclosure and purchased for the joint account of the Georgia Railroad & Banking Co., and the Central Railroad & Banking Co., of Georgia, and was operated from June 1, 1875, to April 1, 1883, under the title of "The Pur- chasers of Western Railroad of Alabama."

The purchasers, on May 1, 1880, leased the portion of the road extending from Mont- gomery to Selma, 50 miles, to the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. for five years, at an annual rental of $52,000; and on Septem- ber 1, 1881, transferred the Columbus branch to the Columbus & Western Railroad Co. In 1883 this branch was formally deeded to the Columbus & Western, the consideration being that the Central of Georgia, which controlled the Columbus & Western, should assume

1398

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

bonds of the Western of Alabama to the amount of $269,000, redeemed by it in/ 1880 and held for settlement. Upon the expira- tion of the lease of the Selma division to the Louisville & Nashville, May 1, 1885, the Western Railway of Alabama again took pos- session of it.

The existing corporation took formal posses- sion of the property on April 1, 1883, and it is operated jointly with the Atlanta & West Point Railroad.

REFERENCES .- Acts, 1832, pp. 70-74; 1834, pp. 118-124; 1842-43, pp. 63, 127-129; 1844-45, p. 39; 1845-46, p. 63; 1849-50, p. 149; 1853-54, pp. 378- 387; 1855-56, p. 299; 1857-58, p. 270; 1859-60, pp. 253-261; 1863-64, p. 142; Railroad Commis- sion of Ala., Annual reports, 1889 et seq .; An- nual report of company to Ala. Public Service Commission, 1915; Montgomery & West Point Road Co., Annual reports to stockholders, 1851, 1852 and 1854 (1862) ; Poor's manual of rail- roads, 1869 et seq .; Clark, "Railroads and navi- gation," in Memorial record of Alabama (1893), vol. 1, pp. 318-328; Blue, Montgomery (1878), p. 23; Hardy, Selma (1879), p. 111; Armes, Story of coal and iron in Alabama (1910), pp. 105, 111.

WETUMPKA. County seat of Elmore County, on the Coosa River, at the head of navigation, 12 miles northeast of Mont- gomery. It is the eastern terminus of the Elmore branch of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. Altitude: 182 feet. Population: 1870-1-137; 1880-1,500; 1890-619; 1900 -562; 1910-1,103. It was incorporated by acts of the legislature approved January 17 and 18, 1834, which referred to the portions of the town situated on the east and the west side respectively of the river. The charter has since been amended by legislative enact- ments as noted in the appended references. Its banks are the First National, and the Bank of Wetumpka (State). The Weekly Herald, established in 1896, is published there.

The Fifth District Agricultural School is located in Wetumpka, and the State estab- lished its penitentiary there in 1839. The town was originally settled on the west side of the Coosa. As early as 1820, Jacob House, Charles Crommelin, Howell Rose, Phil. Fitz- patrick, E. S. Ready, and the Trimble family had established plantations. Later settlers were Seth P. Storrs, Sampson W. Harris, and the Beman, Yancey, and Green families.

When Elmore County was erected, in 1866, Wetumpka became the county seat. The town had formerly occupied territory belonging to Autaugu County.

Four miles above Wetumpka is the birth- place and home of Alexander McGillivray, chief of the Muscogees. Gen. LeClerc Mil- fort resided at that point for years. It is now included in the old Howell Rose planta- tion. Four miles below the town is the site of old Fort Toulouse, later Fort Jackson. (See those titles.)

REFERENCES .- Acts, 1833-34, pp. 145-147, 174 177; 1837-38, pp. 29-31; 1839-40, p. 143; 1840-41, p. 57; 1841-42, pp. 26-28; 1842-43, p. 80; 1844-45, p. 88; 1851-52, pp. 329, 330; 1853-54, p. 217;

1859-60, pp. 433-434; Brewer, Alabama (1872). pp. 238-239; Robertson, Montgomery County (1892); Polk's Alabama gazetteer, 1888-9, p. 808; Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1915.

WETUMPKA. Two Upper Creek towns in Elmore County, one on the site of the present city of Wetumpka, the other four miles above on the right bank of the river. They were small places, and were no doubt settled from the larger towns near the mouth of the two rivers.

REFERENCES .- Gatschet, in Alabama History Commission, Report (1901), vol. 1, p. 414; Hand- book of American Indians (1910), vol. 2, p. 936.

WETUMPKA CREEK. A name given to two creeks in the state:

(1) The first in Elmore County, near the present Wetumpka, flowing into the Coosa River. It is a small and unimportant stream. (2) The second is applied to the north branch of Uchee Creek in Russell County. However, the name has in modern times dis- appeared from that county, and the two branches of the Uchee are known as the Big and Little Uchee, being the south or west and north branches respectively. Wetumpka Creek, regarded as the main branch of Uchee is called Owatunka River in the Creek Migra- tion Legend.

On some old maps the present Ihaggee (Ahiki) is erroneously called Wetumpka.

The word means rumbling water, that is, Uiwa, "water," and tumkis, "it rumbles, makes noise."

REFERENCE .- Gatschet, in Alabama History Commission, Report (1901), vol. 1, p. 414.

WEWOKA. An Upper Creek town in El- more County, and situated on the left of Wewoka Creek, and about 4 miles from its influx with the Coosa River. Hawkins says that it was about 15 miles above the Hickory Ground. Sykes' old mill was probably on the creek a little above the village. The word is variously spelled, and means "water roar- ing," that is, u i, "water," woxkis, "it is roaring." Swanton is authority for the state- ment that the ancient name of this town was Witumka, and that according to tradition it was made up from settlers from several other towns. The first reference to it is on De Crenay's Map, 1733, where the name is spelled Ouyoukas, and located on the west side of the Coosa River, apparently on Pigeon Creek. They probably moved across the River sub- sequent to that date. The French census in 1760 assigns Tchitchoufke, the Ouyouka and Hatchitchopo with 100 warriors, and the locations of the towns respectively 4, 5 and 8 leagues from Fort Toulouse. The English trade regulations of 1761 assigns Wewoka, including New Town, with their 30 hunters, to the traders William Struthers and J. Morgan.

REFERENCES .- Gatschet in Alabama History Commission, Report (1901), vol. 1, p. 14; Ham- ilton, Colonial Mobile (1910), p. 190; Missis- sippi, Provincial Archives (1911), p. 195; Geor-

1399

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

gia, Colonial Records (1907), vol. 8, p. 523; Hawkins, Sketch of the Creek Country (1848), p. 40; Handlook of American Indians (1910), vol. 2, p. 937.

WHATLEY. Postoffice and station, in Clarke County, on the Southern Railway, about 7 miles S. E. of Grove Hill. Popula- tion: 1912, 187. Altitude: 118 feet.

WHEAT. See Cereals.

WHEEL, THE ALABAMA AGRICULTU- RAL. A farmers' organization, whose objects were "To give all possible moral and mate- rial aid in its power to its members by hold- ing instructive lectures, by encouraging each other in business, and by assisting each other in obtaining employment. The improvement of its members in the theory and practice of agriculture, and the dissemination of knowl- edge relative to farming affairs. To ame- liorate the condition of farmers in every possible manner." The order originated in Arkansas, the first lodge or "wheel" being organized in February, 1882, in Prairie County, the charter membership consisting of nine, of whom W. W. Tedford, a farmer and school teacher, was the leader. The organization was intended to be merely a debating society, but from the first economic questions were most prominent in its dis- cussions, and soon led to the adoption of a definite program of agitation and activity to improve the conditions under which farmers and mechanics pursued their callings.

This was prboably the fifth agricultural society represented in Alabama, although the exact date of its entrance into the State is not available. Alabama was represented at the meeting of the National Agricultural Wheel at Meridian, Miss., in December, 1888. The National Farmers' Alliance met at the same time and place, and the two orders were consolidated, under the name of the Farmers' and Laborers' Union of America. At the fourth annual meeting of the Ala- bama Agricultural Wheel, Auburn, August 6-8, 1889, it consolidated with the Alabama Farmers' Alliance, adopting a new constitu- tion. It also adopted for the state order the name of the new national organization, the Alabama Farmers' and Laborers' Union of America. By the time this consolidation was effected the membership of the Alabama Wheel had reached about 16,000. From this time the National Farmers' Alliance and In- dustrial Union superseded the "wheel" in the State.

REFERENCE .- W. S. Morgan, History of the Wheel and Alliance (1891), pp. 111-113, 308- 310; Barrett, Mission, history and times of the Farmers' Union (1909), pp. 183-185; Bailey, Cyclopedia of American agriculture (1909), vol. iv, p. 295.

WHEELER BUSINESS COLLEGE. See Commercial Education.

WHETSTONES. See Millstones, Grind-

stones and Whetstones.

WHITE BASIS. See Congressional Repre- sentation.

WHITE OAK SPRINGS. Post office and station on the Central of Georgia Railway, in the central part of Barbour County, near Faka Baba Creek, and 8 miles east of Clay- ton. Population: 1900-475; 1910-249. It was so named because of the remarkable keys could be seen hundreds of yards away. The springs are the sources of the Choctaw- hatchee River, and Faka Baba Creek (now called Barbour). Among the early settlers were the Goldthwaite, Hubbard, and Mock families.

REFERENCE .- Manuscript data in the Alabama Department of Archives and History.

WHITE HOUSE ASSOCIATION OF ALA- BAMA. A patriotic and historical organiza- tion, formed July 1, 1900; and incorporated by the legislature February 5, 1901. It was organized and incorporated "for the purpose of buying, removing, repairing and exercising the rights of ownership in and over a certain building situated on the southwest corner of Lee and Bibb streets, in the city of Mont- gomery and State of Alabama, and known as the "First White House of the Confederacy," of establishing a library for the collection and custody of all works of literature and art re- lating to the Confederate States of America, and also a museum for the preservation of Confederate relics." The incorporators were Mrs. Virginia Clay Clopton, Mrs. J. D. Beale, Mrs. Belle Allen Ross, Mrs. John W. A. San- ford, Mrs. Edward Trimble, Mrs. Vincent M. Elmore, Mrs. Alfred Bethea, Mrs. C. A. Lanier, Mrs. Chappell Cory and Mrs. C. J. Hausman.

See Jeff Davis House. Also Confederate Government at Montgomery, Executive Man- sion.

REFERENCES .- Acts 1900-1901.

WHITE HOUSE OF THE CONFEDER- ACY, THE FIRST. See Davis, Jefferson.

WIHASHA. An Upper Creek town, called by Adair "the upper western town of the Muskohge," and again in locating it he says that it was "at the upper, or most western part of the Muskohge country." It is evi- dently erroneously identified with Tawasa by the Handbook of American Indians. The spelling by Adair is Ooe-asah, and Ooe-asa. The town was settled by Chickasaws and Natchez. The proper spelling is Wihasha, that is, Wiha, "movers," "emigrants," and asha, "is there, are there," or "home of the emigrants." The circumstance of their mi- gration to the Creek country is thus preserved in the name given their settlement.

Romans states that the Indian traders, in nicknaming the nations, had given the Chicka- saws "the whimsical name of the Breed." The reference in the list of Creek towns of 1761 to Breed Camp is therefore easily un- derstood. This name occurs several times in the journal of James Colbert, July 13-Sep- tember 27, 1763. The language of Colbert would indicate a Chickasaw origin.

1400

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

The exact location of the town can only be conjectural. On Cary's map of the Mis- sissippi Territory an Indian town was placed near the head of the Cahaba River, marked Natchoo, evidently meaning Natche, or Natchez. It appears at the intersection of several trails, one extending to Okfuskee, one to Coosada, one to Fort Tombecbé, one to the Chickasaw Nation, and one to Chicka- sahay Town, on Chickasahay River. This Natchez town may be the location sought, but if so the query is suggested as to the absence of the Chickasaws.

REFERENCES .- Handbook of American Indians (1910), vol. 2, p. 704; Romans, Florida (1775), p. 68; Georgia Colonial Records (1907), vol. 8, p. 523; North Carolina Colonial Records (1895), vol. 11, pp. 176-178; Cary, Map of the Mississippi Territory.

WILCOX COUNTY .- Created by an act, December 13, 1819. It was formed from Monroe and Dallas Counties. It has an area of 940 square miles, or 576,000 acres.

It was named for Lieut. Joseph M. Wilcox (q. v.).

By an act of the Alabama legislature, De- cember 13, 1819, William Black, Thomas Evans, John Speight, Thornton Brown, Wil- liam McCarroll, Joseph Laury, and John Gas- ton were appointed commissioners to fix the seat of justice for the county, to purchase the land on which to erect the public build- ings, to contract for erecting them, and to fix a temporary seat until a permanent one be selected. By act of December 18, 1820, new commissioners were appointed for this work with power to fix the seat of justice within five miles of the center of the county. These commissioners were Robert Brown, John Blackman, John Gamble, John Jenkins, and Elijah Lunsden. By act of December 18, 1821, John Jenkins, Benjamin Huff, and Robert H. Scott were appointed commission- ers to contract for and superintend the public buildings in the county.

The first voting places were established at Prairie Bluff, Canton, and William Black's, in 1819. A year later, John Smith's, near the Lower Standing Peach-Tree, and Allen and Saltmarch's, at the Upper Standing Peach-Tree were added. In 1822 others were established at Obadiah Dumas' and John McCondichie's.

Location and Physical Description .- It is situated in the south central part of the state and Is bounded on the north by Dallas, Lowndes, and Marengo Counties, on the south by Clarke and Monroe, on the east by Butler, Dallas, and Lowndes, and on the west by Clarke and Marengo. Its elevation ranges from 275 to 475 feet above sea level, and its topography from undulating to hilly. It lies wholly within the Gulf Coastal Plain and its soil may be divided into two groups, the up- lands, or "hill lands," and the lowlands, or "made lands." There is a small area of black prairie or limestone soil in the county, desig- nated as Houston, Sumter and Crockett. The red lands or uplands are chiefly mapped as Susquehanna, Ruston, Norfolk, Orangeburg,

and Greenville. The alluvial or first and sec- ond bottoms are described as Kalmia, Cahaba, Ocklochnee, Leaf and Congaree. The soils are well suited to agriculture and cattle and hog raising are also found profitable. The county is well drained by the Tombigbee and its tributaries, McCant's, Pussley's, Rhodes', Pine Barren, Prairie, Wolf, Little Bear, Straight, Bear, Sturdevant's, Breastworks, Hills, Chulatchee, Foster's, Prairie, Turkey, Red, Moccasin, Goose, James, Beaver, Tiger, and Bear Creeks. The forest trees of the county are the long and short leaf pine, oaks of various species, hickory, ash, elm, poplar, cedar, cypress, cottonwood, sycamore, mul- berry, beech, and magnolia. The mean an- nual temperature is 64 degrees and the mean annual precipitation 42 inches.

Aboriginal History .- There is the best presumptive evidence that the aboriginal in- habitants of Wilcox County were Maubila Indians, later known as Mobiliens, who were a Choctaw-speaking people. A close study of Davila Padilla's narrative leads one to the conclusion that the town, Nanipacna, meaning "hill top," visited by the Tristan de Luna expedition in 1560, was situated on the east side of the Alabama River in the upper part of Wilcox County. It is not improbable that the town was situated on Boykin's Ridge, which is on the south side of Pine Barren Creek, not far from the Alabama River. The Indians of the town told the Spaniards that "the town had once been famous for the number of its people, but that the Spaniards, who had arrived there in former times, had left it as it was." In the imperfect method of communication between the Spaniards and the Indians, perhaps largely, if not wholly by the sign language, it may be that the latter intended to convey the idea that their for- mer splendid town, Maubila, had been de- stroyed by the Spaniards and left them very poor, and that this present inferior town, Nanipacna was the successor of Maubila. Assuming that this was the Indians' meaning, Nanipacna, which itself may have been an old town, was then the nucleus or gathering place of the survivors of Maubila. It is interesting to note that on De Crenay's map of 1733, "Les vieux Mobiliens," the old Mobiliens, are placed on the east side of the Alabama River, near the influx of Pine Barren Creek, in the immediate vicinity, if not on the very site of Nanipacna, an almost certain proof that they and the Nanipacna were one and the same people. De Crenay must have placed the Old Mobiliens at this point on Mobilien authority or tradition as their ancient home before their movement south to Mobile River, where the French found them in 1702.

There are three place names laid down on DeCrenay's map on the east side of the Alabama River in Wilcox County that may be safely considered memorials of Maubila or Mobilien occupancy; Chacteata, in correct orthography, "Sakti Hata," meaning White Bluff, to be sought some few miles below the mouth of Pine Barren Creek; Talle quile', correctly spelled, "Tali Hieli," Standing Rocks, apparently a mile, more or less, above

975-L.D.

4-6-17

Docena Coal Mine

27-L

3-5-15

Ensley Blast Furnaces

TENNESSEE COAL, IRON & RAILROAD COMPANY

1403

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

Bridgeport; and Bacheli, "Bach' illi," Dead Bluff, perhaps the present named Gullette's or Black's Bluff.

It seems that there were no Indian settle- ments in Wilcox County during the French and Indian times. There were certainly two, doubtless both Creek, in the later American times, for in the first explorations up the Alabama River during the Creek War of 1813 in two places on its west side in Wilcox County there was found an abandoned Indian village, in both of which peach trees were growing. The discoverers called the first the Lower Peach Tree, the second, the Upper Peach Tree. The site of the Lower Peach Tree is perpetuated in the name of the Ameri- can village, Lower Peach Tree. The Upper .Peach Tree retained its name until about 1835, when the landing was purchased by George F. Watson, Leon Ratcliffee, and H. J. Savage who changed the name to Clifton, which it still retains.

Wilcox County was in the Creek Domain and became an American possession by the treaty of Fort Jackson, August 9, 1814.

Burial mounds near Webb's Landing, near Buford's Landing, on Buford plantation, half mile below Holly Ferry, and several near Mathew's landing have all been investigated and some interesting finds made along the Alabama river. Artificial head flattening and urn burial was noted by Dr. Moore who did considerable work along the river in 1899. Town sites, in most instances, accompany the mounds.

Settlement and Later History. - There may have been some settlers in the county in 1815, but there were a considerable num- ber who made their advent in 1816 and squatted on the land which they cleared. Isaac and Isham Sheffield, originally from North Carolina, were settlers in Clarke or Monroe County, whence they moved and were among the first, if not the first settlers in the Bethel precinct in Wilcox County, perhaps in 1816. Isham Sheffield soon after erected a grist mill on Beaver Creek, which perhaps was the first mill erected in this county. It was the first voting place in this precinct for sev- eral years. Isaac Sheffield settled near Yellow Bluff. John Alexander Evans, from North Carolina, was another early settler on Beaver Creek, settling near the site of Sunny South. George and Joseph Morgan, brothers, were early settlers in 1816. George settled on Goose Creek, four miles west of Clifton, then known as Upper Peach Tree, and Joseph set- tled on Beaver Creek, near Alexander Evans. Peter Thornhill came with George Morgan to the county and lived with him the first year. He was the first man to make a road through the flatwoods. This was done to enable him to find his way to and fro in his hunting expe- ditions and in his prospecting for a suitable location to settle permanently. All the set- tlers were in reality squatters and waiting for the lands to be surveyed and then put up for sale by the government. Thornhill at the land sales bought the tract of land on Walnut Creek east of Arlington, on which he was then living. In April, 1816, L. W. Mason settled

Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.

History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume II, Part 126

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869- Publication date: 1921 Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company Number of Pages: 724

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 724