History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume II, Part 130

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 724

USA > Alabama > History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume II > Part 130

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

1849. Mild epidemic, the first manifesta- tion, July 3. Deaths, 21. 1851. Mild epidemic at Mobile. No rec- ords kept.

1852. Epidemic in Selma, now known to have been infected by steamboat from Mobile, although there is no reported occurrence of the disease for that year in the latter. First reported case and death, September 1, and the last death, November 13. Deaths, 53.

1853. Epidemics in Mobile, Montgomery, Demopolis, Cahawba, Fulton, Hollywood, Porterville, St. Stephens Road, Bladen Springs, Spring Hill, Dog River Factory and Citronelle.

Mobile was infected from the bark Milli- ades, from New Orleans; and other points by refugees from Mobile, except Hollywood which was infected from New Orleans.

Of the 25,000 population in Mobile, 8,000 left the city. First case and death July 11, the last case December 16. Total deaths, 1,191. A large number of cases among ne- groes, but only 50 died.

In Montgomery the first case appeared in September, and last in November. Deaths, 35.

The epidemic at Spring Hill was largely among refugees; 50 out of a group of 60 were attacked, the death rate being 5 whites, 2 mulattoes and 1 negro.

No record was kept of the cases and deaths at Cahawba, Citronelle, Demopolis, Fulton and St. Stephen's Road.

At Porterville, there were no cases among the inhabitants, but 5 cases with 2 deaths among refugees.

At Hollywood the first case developed, August 15, and the last September 20, with 10 cases and 6 deaths. Infection from New Orleans.

At Dog River out of a population of 300, there were 69 cases with 23 deaths; the first case, August 18.

This epidemic was the most widespread which had occurred up to that time, not only in Alabama, but over the entire country.

1854. Epidemic at Montgomery, with a few sporadic cases at Mobile. Deaths in Montgomery, 45, the disease running from September to November.

1855. Epidemic at Montgomery, Septem- ber to November. 30 deaths.

1858. Epidemic at Mobile. Deaths, 70; the first case, August 3.

1863, 1864. Few sporadic cases at Mobile during these years, brought in by blockade runners from Key West and from the West Indies. In 1863, 2 deaths reported with 6 in 1864.

1867. Epidemic in Mobile, with a few sporadic cases in Montgomery, and also at Fort Morgan. The disease appeared at all three places August 13. No statistics are available; but infection from New Orleans.

1870. Sporadic cases at Montgomery and Whiting, with a mild epidemic at Mobile. Cases at Montgomery, August 22 to Novem- ber 19; at Mobile, August 27 to November 19; and among refugees at Whiting about

1419

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

the same period. Infection was from Ha- vana.

1873. Severe epidemics occurred through- out the entire Gulf States. Mobile, Mont- gomery, Junction, Huntsville, Oakfield and Pollard were visited.

At Mobile infection was traced to New Or- leans; occurrence from August 21 to Novem- ber 29. Total of 210 cases, with 35 deaths.

Montgomery was infected from Pensacola, the first case reported, August 27. The whole population of the city, except about 1,800 fled. There were 500 cases, with 108 deaths. The last case appeared November 10.

The first case at Oakfield reported Septem- ber 22. Total of 7 cases, with 1 death.

Sporadic cases at Pollard, but no statistics available.

In a population of 35 at Junction, there were 22 cases, with 14 deaths.

At Huntsville there were 3 cases, with 1 death.

While Memphis and Shreveport had many more cases than New Orleans and Mobile in this epidemic, the mortality rate in the latter was much greater.

1874. Epidemic at Pollard. Infection brought from Pensacola. No statistics.

1875. Mild epidemic at Mobile; the first case reported September 1, the last October 20. Cases 16, with 8 deaths. Some cases occurred among refugees from Mobile to Whiting.

1876. Two cases, one a refugee from New Orleans, the other a refugee from Savannah, developed in the Battle House. The one from New Orleans died.

1878. Severe epidemics in the Tennessee valley, with infection in most cases from Memphis. There were cases at Athens, Courtland, Decatur, Florence, Huntsville, Leighton, Stevenson, Town Creek, Tuscumbia and Tuscaloosa. Spring Hill, Whistler and Mobile in the southern part of the State were visited.

Athens had 2 cases, with 2 deaths; Court- land, one case with one death; Decatur 187 cases, deaths;

51 Florence 1,409 cases, 50 deaths; Huntsville 33 cases, 13 deaths, none of these being resident cases; Leighton, 4 cases, 1 death; Mobile 297 cases, 83 deaths; Spring Hill, 1 death among the refugees, no local cases; Stevenson 11 cases, and 6 deaths, first case on September 1; Town Creek, 4 deaths; Tuscaloosa 2 cases, 2 deaths; Tuscumbia 97 cases, 31 deaths; Whistler several cases among refugees, 1 death only, inhabitants not attacked.

The epidemic of this year was general over the entire Mississippi Valley, as far north as Cairo, Ill. Many cases in the north Ala- bama towns were refugees from other points. In only a few cases were the natives af- fected. The infection in Mobile was from Biloxi, Miss., the first case showing early in August. Most of the cases were in the south- ern section of the town. The last death, October 30; a slight frost had fallen October 23.

1880. One case developed on board a ves- sel from Havana, then in Mobile Harbor. No cases in the city.

1883. Severe epidemic at Brewton; the first case, September 12, the last, November 6; 70 cases, 28 deaths. The presence of yellow fever was never admitted by the local physicians, but it was so pronounced by the U. S. Marine Health Service and the State health officer.

1888. Outbreak at Decatur, in which there were 10 cases and 1 death; the first case, September 4. Nearly the whole population of the town fled.

1893. Two cases, with one death at Fort Morgan.

1897. The outbreak of this year was wide- spread, cases occurring at Alco, Bay Minette, Flomaton, Greensboro, Mobile, Montgomery, Notasulga, Selma, Sandy Ridge and Wagar. Alco, 1 case, no death; Bay Minette, 1 case, 1 death; Flomaton, 98 cases, 5 deaths; Greensboro, 1 case, 1 death; Mobile, infected from Ocean Springs, Miss., 361 cases, 48 deaths; Montgomery, 120 cases, 11 deaths; the epidemic lasting from October 18 to No- vember 10; Notasulga, 1 case, no deaths; Selma, 12 cases, 2 deaths, epidemic lasting from October 23 to October 31; Sandy Ridge, 1 case, no death; Wagar, 45 cases, 3 deaths.

1903. One case and death at Mobile.

1905. Cases at Castleberry, Mobile quar- antine station, and Montgomery. Two cases and two deaths occurred at Castleberry. The case at Montgomery was a refugee.

YORK. Post office and incorporated town, in the west-central part of Sumter County, on the Southern Railway, the Alabama Great Southern Railroad, and the Alabama, Tennes- see & Northern Railroad, about 30 miles west of Demopolis, and 9 miles south of Living- ston. Altitude: 150 feet. Population: 1890 -- 415; 1900-528; 1910-710. It is incor- porated under the general laws. It has the Bank of York (State), and the York Press, a Democratic weekly established in 1913. Its industries are mainly cotton ginneries and cotton warehouses. It is the location of the Sumter County High School.

REFERENCES .- Brewer, Alabama (1872), p. 526; Northern Alabama (1888), p. 215; Polk's Alabama gazetteer, 1888-9, p. 821; Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1915.

YORK, FORT. See Tombecbé, Fort.

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIA- TION. Organization of young men, whose objects are "to provide for the physical, men- tal, social and spiritual welfare of young men."

The first association was organized in London by George Williams, in 1844. The first college Young Men's Christian Associa- tion in America was begun in 1876 at Prince- ton university.

The first annual convention of the Young Men's Christian association in Alabama was held in 1871.

1420

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

From a small beginning it has grown to occupy a position of power in every com- munity in which there is an association. Fine buildings are maintained in Birmingham, Montgomery, Mobile, Decatur, and Tuscaloosa and there is a college Young Men's Christian Association in every institution in the state, with the exception of purely local schools.

In order that the objects may be better attained each Young Men's Christian Associa- tion has in operation a physical training de- partment, swimming pool, religious training department, boy's Sunday club, Bible classes, and social gatherings.

In addition to the above classes and courses in instruction are offered in subjects, which may be attended at night, by men or boys who do not have an opportunity to go to school.

Young Men's Christian Associations are maintained at Tuscaloosa; Tuskegee Insti- tute (col.); Auburn; Piedmont; Selma; Uni- versity; Birmingham; Mobile; Huntsville; Albany ; Dallas Mills; Montgomery and Decatur.

REFERENCES .- Cards, announcements, circu- lars, letters and manuscripts in the Alabama State department of archives and history.

YOUNG PEOPLE'S RELIGIOUS ORGAN- IZATIONS. See sketches of the several churches or denominations.

YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIA- TION. Organization of young women for the improvement of the physical, social, intellec- tual and spiritual condition of all young women.

The first organization was perfected on March 3, 1866, in Boston, Mass., "where thirty earnest women met to consider the needs of girls who came to the city to seek employment." There are at this time more than 25 city associations with a membership of around 350,000.

The Montgomery association was organized in 1903, and purchased two years later from the Young Men's Christian Association its building for which it paid $10,000. Associa- tions were next formed in Birmingham and Mobile, the association in the former city also owning its building.

There is no state organization. Young Women's Christian Associations are supported by contributions, membership fees, and money for value received, such as board or classes.

College Young Women's Christian Associa- tions are maintained at the University of Ala- bama, Judson college, Woman's college, Montgomery; State normal schools; Tuskegee institute, and Talladega college.

Selma has a co-operative club similar to the Young Woman's Christian Association.

One of the principal works of the Young Woman's Christian Association is the mainte- nance of travelers aid stations.

REFERENCES .- Letters, circulars, bulletins, etc., in files of Alabama State department of arch- ives and history.

YUCHI. A tribe, constituting in itself a separate linguistic stock known as the Uchean family. The habitat of the tribe, when first encountered by Gen. Oglethorpe in the settlement of Georgia, 1733, was on the west side of the Savannah River, bounded by Ebenezer Creek on the south and by Brier Creek on the north. Its principal town was on Pleasant Hill, about 30 miles above Ebene- zer Creek. Other Yuchi towns were located in South Carolina outside of the tribal habitat just referred to. By 1745 those living in their town on Pleasant Hill had removed and settled on Brier Creek.

The principal Yuchi town was in Russell County, situated on the high levels between the Uchee Creek and Chattahoochee River, and extends for more than a mile practically to the mouth of the creek.

The presence of the Yuchi among the Creeks is explained by the aboriginal migra- tory disposition, and their particular location among the Muscogees was due to the policy of the latter of giving a friendly welcome to all other tribes or tribal groups who desired to locate in their midst. The following de- scription of their towns among the Lower Creeks is given by Hawkins:

"U-chee is on the right bank of Chat-to- ho-che, ten and a half miles below Cow-e-tuh- tal-lau-has-see, on a flat of rich land, with hickory, oak, blackjack and long leaf pine; the flat extends from one to two miles back from the river. Above the town, and border- ing on it, Uchee Creek, eighty-five feet wide, joins the river. Opposite the town house, on the left bank of the river, there is a narrow strip of flat land from fifty to one hundred yards wide, then high pine barren hills; these people speak a tongue different from the Creeks; they were formerly settled in small villages at Ponpon, Saltketchers (Sol- ke-chuh), Silver Bluff, and O-ge-chee (How- ge-chu), and were continually at war with the Cherokees, Ea-tau-bau and Creeks.

"In the year 1729, an old chief of Cusse- tuh, called by the white people Captain Ellick, married three Uchee women, and brought them to Cussetuh, which was greatly disliked by his townspeople; their opposition deter- mined him to move from Cussetuh; he went down opposite where the town now is, and settled with his three brothers; two of whom, had Uchee wives; he, after this, collected all the Uchees, gave them the land where their town now is, and there they settled.

"These people are more civil and orderly than their neighbors; their women are more chaste, and the men better hunters; they retain all their original customs and laws, and have adopted none of the Creeks; they have some worm fences in and about their town, and but very few peach trees.

"They have lately begun to settle out in villages, and are industrious, compared with their neighbors; the men take part in the labors of the women, and are more constant in their attachment to their women, than is usual among red people.

"The number of gun men is variously es- timated; they do not exceed two hundred

1421

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

and fifty, including all who are settled in villages, of which they have three."

While residing among the Creeks they maintained their tribal identity and customs, This relationship is thus described by Bar- tram:

"They are in confederacy with the Creeks, but do not mix with them; and on account of their numbers and strength are of im- portance enough to excite and draw upon them the jealousy of the whole Muscogulge confederacy, and are usually at variance, yet are wise enough to unite against a common enemy to support the interest and glory of the general Creek confederacy."

The French census of 1760 ascribes to the Yuchis, spelled Ouyoutchis 50 warriors, and their location as 34 leagues from Fort Tou- louse. According to this census there was another Yuchi settlement, numbering 15 warriors, on the Tallapoosa River, 13 leagues from Fort Toulouse. This site has not heen identified. The English trade regulations of 1761 gives the Euchees 50 warriors, and as- signs them to the traders, McCartan and Campbell.

REFERENCES .- Gatschet, in Alabama History Commission, Report (1901), vol. 1, p. 414. Geor- gia Colonial Records (1906), vol. 4, pp. 86, 372, 605, 666; Ibid (1908), vol. 5, p. 631; Ibid (1906), vol. 6, pp. 147, 148; Ibid (1907), vol. 8, p. 522; Handbook of American Indians (1910), vol. 2, p. 1003; Hawkins, Sketch of the Creek Country (1848), pp. 61-62; Mississippi, Provincial Ar- chives (1911), vol. 1, pp. 95-96; Bartram, Trav- els (1791), p. 389.

YUFALA. A Creek town name, applied to as many as four different localities among the Upper and Lower Creeks. The name, accord- ing to Gatschet, is of unknown signification. It was variously spelled, appearing as Ufala, Ufaula, Uphaulie, Yofale.

(1) The first of these, Yufalahatchi, was located in Talladega County on the north side of Yufala or Talladega Creek, about 15 miles above its confluence with Coosa River. It was south of the present city of Talladega, and 2 or 3 miles east of Mardisville. Hawk- ins locates the town "on a flat of half a mile, bordering on a branch," flowing into the creek of the same name as the town. In 1799 its inhabitants had fine stocks of cattle, horses and hogs. It was called Upper Ufala in 1791, and on some maps is referred to as Eufaulee Old Town.

(2) The second, an Upper Creek town, was located on the west bank of the Tallapoosa River 2 miles below Okfuskee. By the Eng- lish trade regulations of 1763, "Euphalee in- cluding Black Creek, a village," with 35 hunters, was assigned to Crook and Co. On De Crenay's map, 1733, "Youfaula" is laid out on the east side of Tallapoosa River some distance above Calebee Creek. The French census of 1760 gives this town 100 warriors, and locates it 11 leagues from Fort Toulouse. In Hawkins' time it had 70 gunmen. At that period their settlements extended out on Hatchelusta, "Black Creek," which flowed into the Tallapoosa River about 2 miles be-

low the town and on the same side. Its people appeared to Hawkins to be thrifty and well-to-do, and were constantly improving.

(3) The third, a Lower Creek town, was located 15 miles below Sawokli, on the east- ern bank of the Chattahoochee River, in Quitman County, Ga. It was probably the site of the present Georgetown, opposite Eufaula. Hawkins says that in 1799 the town had fields on both sides of the river. The bluff on which the modern town of Eufaula is situated was undoubtedly occupied by a branch settle- ment from the main town on the Georgia side of the river. It has no special history. Of the inhabitants of the town generally Hawk- ins says that while they are very poor, they are "generally well behaved, and very friendly to white people; they are not given to horse- stealing, have some stock, are attentive to it; they nave some land fenced, and are preparing for more. From this town was also settled Oketeyokni."

(4) The fourth, a Lower Creek town, was situated in Houston County, on the west side of the Chattahoochee River, about 5 miles below the influx of Omussee Creek. The French census of 1760 gives to this town 50 warriors and locates it 42 leagues from Fort Toulouse. In the English trade regulations, 1763, this town had 90 hunters and was as- signed to the licensed trader, James Cussings.

(5) The fifth, an Upper Creek town in Macon County, situated on Yaphapee Creek, about 15 miles above its confluence with Tal- lapoosa. It was called Upper Yufala in 1791. By the French census, 1760, the "Youfalas had 100 warriors, and was situated 1112 leagues distant from Fort Toulouse."

REFERENCES .- Hawkins, Sketch of the Creek Country (1848), pp. 42, 48, 66; Handbook of American Indians (1907), vol. 1, p. 445; Gat- schet, in Alabama History Commission, Report (1901), vol. 1, p. 415; Besson, History of Eu- faula (1875); Georgia, Colonial Records (1907), vol. 8, p. 523; Mississippi, Provincial Archives (1911), vol. 1, p. 95; Bureau of American Eth- nology, Eighteenth annual report (1899), pt. 2, map 1; Gatschet, Migration Legend (1884), vol. 1, p. 150.

ZERO MILESTONE, THE. A monolith 4 feet in height, located in Washington, D. C., the erection of which was authorized by Con- gress and the design approved by the Fine Arts Commission of the Federal Government. On the north face is the inscription "Zero Milestone" and the insignia of the motor transport corps of the U. S. Army. On the south face is the statement that the mile- stone is the starting point from which dis- tances are to be reckoned on the highways radiating from Washington. On the west face is the inscription "Starting point of First Transcontinental Motor Convoy over the Lincoln Highway, July 7, 1919." On the east face, where the rays of the morning sun will fall upon it as the centuries come and

1422

HISTORY OF ALABAMA

go are most fittingly inscribed: "Starting point of the Second Transcontinental Motor Convoy over the Bankhead Highway, June 14, 1920." The Zero Milestone is the counter- part in purpose of the Golden Milestone in the Forum at Rome and suggests a system of National Roads having as important a func- tion in our national life as had the Roman Roads in the life of the Imperial Empire.

REFERENCE .- From a letter from S. M. John- son, general director Lee Highway Associa- tion, in Alabama State Highway Association.

ZETA BETA TAU. College fraternity for Jewish students; founded at the Jewish Theo- logical Seminary, New York, N. Y., December 29, 1898; entered Alabama with the institu- tion of ... chapter, 1916, at the Univ. of Ala., members. Periodical: Colors: Light blue and white.

REFERENCE .- Baird, Manual (1915), pp. 381- 384.

ZETA OMEGA. Local college sorority; founded at Howard College, Birmingham, January 26, 1916, with a charter member- ship of 5; present membership, 7.

ZETA TAU ALPHA. Women's college fra- ternity; founded at the Virginia State Normal School, Farmville, October 25, 1898. Entered Alabama in 1905 with the formation of Beta chapter at Judson College. Chapters: Beta, 1905, Judson College, 120 members; and Nu, 1910, Univ. of Ala., 40 members. Beta chap- ter owns a bungalow valued at $3,000. Peri- odical: "Themis." Colors: Turquoise blue and steel gray. Flower: White violet.

REFERENCE .- Baird, Manual (1915), pp. 461- 62; and the Fraternity Directory (1910).

Index to Illustrations Volume II

PAGE

Adams, Samuel

1073

Ball, Rev. T. H.

785

Bible on which Davis took oath

945

Blue, Matthew P.

785

Boll weevil monument.

1345

Boulder memorial, cadet corps.

961

Brewer, Willis

785

Broun, William L.

722

Brown, William G.

785

Bullard, Robert Lee

1217

Cade, Capt. J. Catlin

.1073

Camp Sheridan hostess house

1313

Capers, Capt. H. D.

1041

Clemens, Jere

881

Cobbs, Rev. Nicholas H.

849

Cochrane, Dr. Jerome.

833

Cocke, Miss Zitella

817

Collection of state documents

753

Confederate executive offices.

913

Confederate flag presented to Admiral

Semmes

1009

Confederate heroines

1025

Confederate monument, Montgomery

1105

Confederate monuments

977, 993

Confederate senate chamber

929

Confederate soldiers, showing C. S. A. uni- forms 1041, 1073

Coosa River, lock 12 dam.

1377

Corner in department of archives and his-

tory .

769

County courthouse and Confederate monu-

ment, Huntsville

1153

Cruikshank, George M.

785

Crump, Lieut. Col. W. N.

1073

Curry, J. L. M.

1201

Davis, President Jefferson

945

Davis Memorials

945

Dawson, Col. N. H. R.

1041

Docena Coal Mine

1401

Du Bose, Joel C.

785

Duncan Place, Mobile

1169

PACE

Educators

722, 737

Eminent physicians

833

Ensley blast furnaces.

1401

First White House of the Confederacy.

945

Floral tribute, 167th Regiment, Rainbow

Division

1265

Garrett, William

785

Girls' Patriotic League and Victory Arch. 1281

Gorgas, Gen. Wm. C.

897

Gorgas, Josiah

897

Gorgas, Mrs. Amelia Gayle

897

Governors' mansion, Montgomery

1329

Halbert, Prof. Henry S

785

Hamilton, Peter

785

Hargrove, Rev. Robert K

849

Hentz, Mrs. Caroline Lee.

817

Historians

785

Historic rural buildings

801

Hopkins, Mrs. A. F

1025

Johnson, Dr. J. H.

722

Jordan, Mortimer H

1249

Lewis, Lieut. Charles

1041

McKissick, Anthony F

737

McLemore, Lieut. Col. Owen K.

1041

Manly, Dr. Basil.

722

Meek, Alexander B

785

Methodist church, Jefferson County

801

Mobile Bay

1361

Morgan, Hon. John T.

1393

Motor corps staff, National League Woman's

Service

1297

Nott, Dr. J. C

833

Owen, Dr. Thomas M

785

Palmer, Dr. Thomas W

737

Pelham, John

1137

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Pettus, Hon. Edmund W

1185

Pickett, Col. Albert J. 785

Pleasant Hill School, Jefferson County 801

Power House 1377

Purifoy, John

1073

Quinlan, Rt. Rev. John 849

Religious leaders

849

Sanders, Dr. Wm. H.

833

Sansom, Emma

1025, 1121

Saunders, Dr. Dudley D. 785

Screws, Wm. Preston

1249

Semmes, Admiral

1009, 1168

Sibert, Wm. L.

1217

Sims, Dr. J. Marion

833

Smith, Dr. Eugene A.

737

Smith, Dr. Otis 737

Smith, William R. 785

State capitol and Confederate monument.1089

Steiner, Robert Eugene. 1233

Strassburger, Julian M. 1249

Table used by Jefferson Davis. 945 Tennessee Coal, Iron and R. R. Co 1401

Tutwiler, Dr. Henry. 722

Two brilliant military figures. 1137

Wheeler, Joseph

1137

Wilson Dam, Muscle Shoals

1058

World War figures, Two. .1217

World War heroes

1249

Yancey, William Lowndes

865

مطهر

Need help finding more records? Try our genealogical records directory which has more than 1 million sources to help you more easily locate the available records.

History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume II, Part 130

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869- Publication date: 1921 Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company Number of Pages: 724

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 724