History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume II, Part 96

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 724

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Secretaries of State .- Henry Hitchcock, 1818-1819; Thomas A. Rodgers, 1819-1822; James J. Pleasants, 1822-1824; James I. Thornton, 1824-1834; Edmund A. Webster, 1834-1836; Thomas B. Tunstall, 1836-1840; William Garrett, 1840-1852; Vincent M. Ben- ham, 1852-1856; James H. Weaver, 1856- 1860; Patrick H. Brittan, 1860-1865; Albert Elmore, 1865; David L. Dalton, 1865-1867; Micah Taul, 1867-1868; Charles A. Miller, 1868-1870; Jabez J. Parker, 1870-1872; Pat- rick Ragland, 1872-1873; Neander H. Rice, 1873-1874; Rufus K. Boyd, 1874-1878; Wm. Wallace Screws, 1878-1882; Ellis Phelan, 1882-1886; Charles C. Langdon, 1886-1890; Joseph D. Barron, 1890-1894; James K. Jack- son, 1894-1898; Robert P. McDavid, 1898- 1903; J. Thomas Heflin, 1903-1904; Edmund R. McDavid, 1904-1907; Frank N. Julian, 1907-1911; Cyrus R. Brown, 1911-1915; John Purifoy, 1915 -.

See Assessment, State Board of; Auditor, the State; Corporations; Insurance; Insur- ance, Department of; Offices and Officers; Oyster Supervision; Pardons, Board of; Sec- retary to the Governor; Treasurer, the State.

REFERENCES .- Constitution, 1819, art. 4, sec. 14; 1861, art. 4, sec. 14; 1865, art. 7, secs. 1, 5; 1868, art. 5, secs. 1, 2, 13, 18, 19; 1875, art. 5, secs. 1, 3-5, 7, 19, 21-23, 25; 1901, secs. 114-116, 133-135, 137; Toulmin, Digest of statutes of Mis- sissippi Territory, 1807, pp. 457, 467, 469, and Digest of Alabama laws, 1823, passim; Code, 1907, secs. 573-596; Acts, passim, for full texts of laws; Ex parte Powell, 73 Ala., p. 518; State v.

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

Wilson, 123 Ala., p. 259; Montgomery County v. Gaston, 126 Ala., p. 425; Ala. History Com- mission, Report (1901), pp. 95-104.

SECRETARY TO THE GOVERNOR. A

highly responsible and confidential position, originally created as private secretary, but reorganized by act of April 7, 1911. The incumbent is required generally to perform such services as may be prescribed by the governor in the execution of the many and varied duties imposed upon him as chief ex- ecutive. He superintends the clerical force of the office, conducts much of the executive correspondence, is the custodian of the offi- cial records, and attends to such other busi- ness of an official character as the governor may direct. During the sessions of the leg- islature, he transmits, under his signature as secretary, all official communications from the governor to that body. In the absence of the governor he performs much of the purely routine or ministerial work of the office. All commissions, diplomas and other public doc- uments requiring the signature of the gover- nor, except in special cases, are actually ex- ecuted by him, or by his direction. He passes on all accounts and vouchers requiring the approval of the governor.

The secretary is ex officio keeper of the capitol, an enlargement of duties made in 1852. As such he takes care of the capitol, the grounds, inclosures, furniture, and all other property of the State on the premises, under the general control of the governor.

In 1915 he was designated the purchasing agent for all the State offices except the con- vict department, including the supreme court, court of appeals, and the State and supreme court library; and as such he is required to give a bond for $10,000.

For 15 years after the admission of the State the governor was without the aid of a secretary. In 1835 by act of January 10, the position was created, and it has been filled by a long line of capable and obliging officials.

The salary for many years was $350. On making him keeper of the capitol, 1852, he was given an additional compensation of $150 a year, which was continued until 1903. The regular salary was increased in 1866 to $1,500; in 1903 to $2,400; and 1911 to $3,000, with the elevation of the position from private secretary to that of "Secretary to the Governor." The performance of the duties of purchasing agent carries an annual compensation of $600.

The appointment is at the pleasure of the governor.

LIST OF PRIVATE SECRETARIES TO THE GOVERNOR, 1865 TO 1920 .- Gover- nor-Lewis E. Parsons; Private Sec., Geo. W. Parsons, June 21 to Dec. 20, 1865.

Governor-R. M. Patton; Private Sec .. Samuel H. Dixon, Dec., '65 message; D. L. Dalton, Jan., '66 message; Ben H. Screws, Nov., '66 message.

Governor-W. H. Smith; Priv. Sec., D. L. Dalton, Sep. 1.'68-Nov. 30, '70.

Governor-R. B. Lindsay; Private Sec., John H. Gindrat, Dec. 1, '70-Nov. 25, '72.

Governor- D. P. Lewis; Private Sec., George W. Wilburn, Nov. 26, '72-Nov. 24, '74.

Governor-Geo. S. Houston; Private Sec., L. R. Davis, Nov. 24, '74-May 12, '76; Ike H. Vincent, May 13, '76-Nov. 28, '78. Governor-R. W. Cobb; Private Sec., Robert McKee, Nov. 29, '78.

Governor-E. A. O'Neal; Private Sec., Rob- ert McKee, Nov. 30, '86.

Governor-Thomas Seay; Private Sec., J. K. Jackson, Dec. 1, '86.

Governor-Thomas G. Jones; Private Sec., J. K. Jackson, Nov. 30, ''94.

Governor-Joseph T. Johnston; Private

Sec., W. J. Vaiden, Nov. 12, 1896.

Governor-Joseph T. Johnston; Private Sec., Chappell Cory, November 17, 1898.

Governor-William J. Samford; Priv. Sec., Thomas D. Samford, December 3, 1900.

Governor-William D. Jelks; Private Sec., J. K. Jackson, Dec. 3, 1902.

Governor-Russell M. Cunningham (Act- ing); Private Sec., J. K. Jackson, December 3, 1902.

Governor-William D. Jelks; Private Sec., J. K. Jackson, December 3, 1903.

Governor-B. B. Comer; Private Sec., Wil- liam E. Fort, January 15, 1907.

Governor-B. B. Comer; Private Sec., John D. McNeel, January 15, 1909.

Governor-Emmett O'Neal; Private Sec., John D. McNeel, January 15, 1911.

Governor-Emmett O'Neal; Private Sec., Daniel W. Troy, January 15, 1913; Kirk- man O'Neal, January 15, 1913.

Governor-Charles Henderson; Private Sec., John Gamble, January 15, 1915; Wil- liam E. Henderson, January 15, 1915; John Moffatt, April 1, 1918.

Governor-Thomas E. Kilby; Private Sec., William A. Darden, Jan. 19, 1919.

No publications.

See Capitol, Keeper of the; Governor; Pur- chase, State Board of.

REFERENCES .- Aikin, Digest, 2d ed., 1836, p. 623; Acts, 1835-36, p. 22; 1851-52, p. 38; 1903, p. 126; 1911, p. 318; 1915, pp. 370-374, 808, 829; Code, 1907, secs. 555 et seq.

SEDDON. Post office and station on the Southern Railway, in the eastern part of St. Clair County, sec. 4, T. 17, R. 4 E., on the west bank of the Coosa River, betwen Lock No. 4 and Dam No. 5, 3 miles east of Pell City, about 12 miles northwest of Talladega, and about 25 miles southwest of Anniston. Alti- tude: 500 feet. Population: 1888-500; 1900-229; 1910-133; 1916-200. Its in- dustries are cotton ginneries, a cotton ware- house a cottonseed oil mill, a wagon shop, and a gristmill. It is on the public road from Birmingham to Atlanta, Ga.

This point was settled in 1883 when the Georgia-Pacific Railroad was built through, and was later incorporated as a town, with 500 population. When the timber was ex- hausted, the sawmills, which formed the prin- cipal industry of the community, were moved away, and the town soon became a village.

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

It was originally settled by Jake Madden, W. H. and W. N. Roberson, and Harvey Bell. REFERENCES .- Northern Alabama (1888), p. 156; Polk's Alabama gazetteer, 1888-9, p. 697; Alabama Official and Statistical Register, 1915.

SELMA. County seat of Dallas County, located on the bluffs of the north bank of the Alabama River, about 100 feet above low water mark, in the northwest part of the county, 50 miles east of the city of Mont- gomery. It has three important railroads, the Southern; Louisville and Nashville; and the Western Railway of Alabama. Owing to its location on the Alahama River, which is navigable the year around from that point to Mobile, a distance of 308 miles, advan- tageous shipping rates are enjoyed. The alti- tude is 247 feet. Population: 1850-2,073; 1860-3,177; 1870-6.484; 1890-7,622; 1900-8,713; 1910-13,649; 1920-15,889.

History .- The first record of the locality now embraced in the city of Selma is to be found on D'Anville's map of 1732, there marked "Ecor Bienville." It evidently re- ceived this name from the slight engagement which Bienville had in its immediate vicinity with the Alibamo Indians. In American times the place was known to the few whites living in Alabama in 1809-1810 as "High Soap Stone Bluff." In 1815, a Ten- nesseean named Thomas Moore, settled with his family on the bluff, where he cultivated a few acres of corn, but supported himself and family largely by fishing and hunting. The next year several East Tennessee families settled at or near Moore's Bluff. But the climate not agreeing with these mountain people, they disappeared after a year's resi- dence. In 1819 the Selma Land Company was organized. In addition to other bodies of land this company hought the land upon which Selma now stands and determined to build a town at that point. The place was surveyed and laid off into 125 lots and 37 half lots. The name Selma was given to the town by Hon. William R. King (q. v). who had also thus named the company. Be- ing a man of literary tastes he no doubt took the name from the "Song of Selma" in Mc- Pherson's "Ossian." All the lots were soon sold except those reserved for public pur- poses. In. 1820 the town was incorporated. It gradually increased in population until 1826, when it became very unhealthy, owing to bad sanitary conditions, and many of its people removed to other localities. In 1827 the "Selma Courier" was issued, the first newspaper published in that town. In 1828 the out-lots and the ferry across the river were sold. In 1831 the grounds reserved for a public square were divided into lots and sold. At this time owing to improved sani- tary conditions, Selma became a healthy town and for several years was prosperous and gradually increased in population. A large amount of cotton and other produce was shipped by river to Mobile.

During 1836 two companies of volunteers were organized and went forth from Selma for service against the Indians, one against

the Seminoles of Florida, the other against the disaffected Creeks of Alabama. In 1838 a fire engine was purchased, a public library opened, the "Selma Rangers" organized, a real estate banking company was established, a medical society was formed and the Cum- berland Presbyterian church established. That year was also signalized by the forma- tion of the "Ladies' Educational Society" of Selma with the object of aiding and promot- ing the building of church and school houses. The "Dallas Academy" still stands as a monument of their zeal in the cause of edu- cation. In 1839 was laid the corner stone of the Episcopal church which was during the War of Secession to be destroyed by fire at the hands of "Wilson's Raiders," of the Federal Army. The population of Selma in 1841 was 1,053, of which 643 were whites and 622 negroes. The town showed no prog- ress during the stringent monetary period which lasted from 1840 to 1847. During the latter year some sixty young men of Selma volunteered for the war with Mexico. In 1848 new life was infused into the town in consequence of a charter procured from the legislature for the construction of the Alabama and Tennessee railroad and for four years the improvement of Selma was without a parallel in any other town in Alabama. During this period Selma received an accession of three hundred German emigrants, many of whom were mechanics and artisans. These people added much to the industries of the town. The progress of Selma was tempor- arily checked by the yellow fever of 1853, which was very fatal to the town. The build- ing of railroads in 1853, notably a part of the "Alabama and Mississippi," marked a new era in the history of the town. Selma has ever been noted for the military spirit of the people. In 1855, a company of one hundred and eight men were raised and or- ganized by Captain White Brantley for serv- ice under Gen. William Walker in Nicarauga. After serving the twelve months of their term of enlistment and participating in a number of engagements the men were honor- ably discharged and returned home with the loss of only six of their number.

Confederate Depot .- Selma was always an ardent Southern city. She furnish- ed five full companies to the Confederate cause during the first twelve months of the war, making an aggregate of more than six hundred men, rank and file. The town was the most important military depot in the lower States of the Confederacy. Here were established a powder mill, nitre works, an arsenal, a foundry for making shot and shell, a naval iron foundry, which made the largest and best cannon in America, iron works in which everything was made from a horse shoe nail to cannon carriages, a factory in which everything in the way of steam ma- chinery was manufactured, a manufactory for making harness, trace chains, canteens and wagon gear, a foundry for making steam boil- ers, and engines, in short, by 1863, there was every kind of manufactory in Selma for making all the war material needful in the

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

gigantic conflict between the United States and the Confederacy.

The four noted gun boats, "Tennessee," "Selma," "Morgan," and "Gaines," forming Buchanan's fleet at Fort Morgan, were made in Selma. As the war progressed, as a mat- ter of precaution, Selma was fortified by a bastioned wall, for a radius of three miles, extending from the mouth of Beech Creek above to the mouth of Valley Creek three miles below the city. Early in 1865, the capture of Selma was the great object of the Federal commanders in the west, and General James Wilson was selected for this enterprise. With a cavalry force of 14,000 men, the best equipped cavalry soldiers ever organized in America, he crossed the Ten- nessee River and put this force in motion to- wards Selma. By sending detachments off to other points, Wilson's force was reduced to 9,000 men and eight guns, with which on the afternoon of April 2, 1865, he appeared before Selma, which was held by General Forrest with only 3,100 soldiers. The battle of Selma has been described by several his- torlans, Federal and Confederates. From the great disparity between the opposing forces, not only in numbers, but in the su- perior equipment of the Federal troops, the result was the utter defeat of the Confed- erates, the burning of the town that night, the fire lasting two days, and the complete destruction the next day of everything "that would aid the Confederate cause." With the wanton burning of the city there were scenes of plunder and unspeakable outrages commit- ted by many of the Federal soldiers that make a black record in American history. After order was restored, the Confederate dead in Selma, soldiers and citizens, were buried by the people, the dead animals in the streets were hauled away and thrown into the river, and all the remaining food supplies were collected and distributed among the population which was in great distress and scarcity of food. Soon, however, all were at work endeavoring to repair the ruin wrought by war and fire, and in less than three months Selma had arisen from the ashes and by the fall had a thriving appearance.

County Seat .- In May, 1866, the county seat at Cahaba was moved to Selma and many of the people of Cahaba in consequence, settled in Selma, adding greatly to her popu- lation.

Like all other Southern cities, Selma had her share of the trials of reconstruction and carpetbag government.

Churches .- The Methodist was the first denomination to establish a church in Selma, the date being January, 1835. The same year the Cumberland Presbyterian church was established; St. Paul's Episcopal church, May 5, 1838; the Presbyterian, December, 1838; the Baptist, May 5, 1842; the Congre- gational, May 2, 1872. The Jews of Selma bought the first church built by the Episco- palians, that denomination having built for itself a new house of worship. The first Sabbath School was organized in the spring

of 1835, in the Cumberland Presbyterian church.

Education .- Selma has always had an abundance of schools, in which all classes of children can receive an education whether their parents can pay for it or not. The Dallas Academy, established about 1846, stands at the head of all the schools. Be- sides this school there is a city high school, and a fine system of graded school. The Selma University is a Negro theological insti- tution under the direction of the colored Baptists of the state.

Newspapers .- "The Selma Times," daily, except Monday, Democrat, established 1825; "The Selma Mirror," weekly, Democrat, es- tablished 1887; "The Selma Journal," eve- ning, except Sunday when it appears in the morning, Democrat, established, 1890; "The Alabama Christian," Prohibition, established, 1903; Chamber of Commerce Bulletin, oc- casionally, "Trade," established 1915.

Industries .- The principal industries of Selma at the present time are rolling mills; cotton factories; cotton ginneries; ware- houses; cotton seed oil and meal mills; a wagon factory. It is an important agricul- · tural center, being one of the most important cotton markets in the state. Its iron indus- tries date back to pioneer days.

Public Buildings .- Besides its churches, school buildings and mercantile establish- ments, Selma has a handsome courthouse, a club house, modern hotels, 'office buildings, banks and hospitals. There are also a num- ber of elegant private residences. Shade trees and grassy parks lend beauty to the spot.

The following are some of the citizens of Selma who made contributions to the reputation and development of the town dur- ing their lives:

Rev. Samuel M. Nelson Young L. Royston Dr. J. C. Clark John W. Lapsley

Hon. E. W. Pettus Joseph R. John

Hon. John T. Morgan

Benjamin M. Woolsey

Dr. Benj. H. Riggs

N. H. R. Dawson

Dr. Walter P. Reese Wesley Plattenburg

Hugh Ferguson

John C. Waite Simeon C. Pierce

Dr. Albert G. Mabry William Johnson W. E. Wailes

John McGrath Myron Stanton

Dr. Edward Gantt

B. F. Saffold

Willis S. Burr

Daniel M. Riggs

Wm. N. Brooks

John H. Henry

J. D. Craig

William H. Johnson

John F. Conoly

C. D. Parke

L. B. Johnson

William H. Fellows

Hon. Wm. M. Byrd Moses Adler

Edward Selheimer John P. Furniss

Noadia Woodruff H. F. Mullen

John A. Mckinnon W. J. Hardee

REFERENCES .- "Selma: Her Institutions and her men," by John Handy; Selma Times Book and Job Office, 1879; "Selma," by S. W. John, "Northern Alabama Historical and Biograph- ical," 1888, pp. 652, 658.

SELMA AND GREENSBORO RAILROAD COMPANY. See East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railway Company.

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

SELMA AND GULF RAILROAD COM- PANY. Organized by John W. Lapsley, Wil- lis S. Burr, John E. Prestridge, Benjamin Saffold, William T. Minter, D. C. Smiley, James Saffold, William Rumph, G. B. Bibb, F. A. Lee, of Dallas, J. L. Benson, J. A. Crook, William Gully, William Jones, Jr., J. D. Fox, J. R. Hawthorne, of Wilcox, J. S. Andrews, J. J. Bradley, S. W. McCreary, W. H. Rodgers, J. J. Longmire, James Lett, J. A. Kolb, of Monroe, Joseph Soles, L. D. Moorer, S. R. Smiley, T. A. Carson, of Lown-

des, Robert Yeldell, Jonathan Yeldell, John . President of the road."

Barge, of Butler, John Green, Hezekiah Don- ald, Joe McCreary, W. H. Ashley, of Cone- cuh County, and chartered by the legislature, January 30, 1858, to build a railroad from Selma to a connection with the Mobile & Great Northern Railroad, or with the Girard & Mobile Railroad, or with the Montgomery & Pensacola Railroad; capital stock, $1,000,- 000 in $100 shares, with the privilege of in- creasing it to an amount equal to the cost of the road. The same legislature adopted a joint resolution to Congress, asking a grant of public lands to this company.

The next legislature passed an act Febru- ary 8, 1860, amending the charter so as to empower the company to issue preferred stock, and bonds secured by mortgage. On December 5, 1861, an act was passed to post- pone the loan of $40,000 from the three per cent fund to which this company was entitled and transfer it to the Alabama & Mississippi Rivers Railroad Co. until after the War. On December 6, 1862, an act was passed for the purpose of extending the charter and keeping its provisions in force on account of the ab- sence of the stockholders of the company in the army, provided they should resume and prosecute the work in good faith within 18 months after the ratification of peace.

Shortly after obtaining its charter, the company was organized. Wm. T. Minter was elected president, and Willis S. Burr, secre- tary and treasurer. Contracts for grading 40 miles from Selma southward were soon let and the work had been practically completed when the War stopped it.

In 1868 the New York & Alabama Con- tracting Co., in which E. G. Barney, P. D. Roddy, W. R. Bill, Thomas K. Ferguson, and others were interested, undertook to complete and equip the road and pay the debts of the old company, amounting to about $20,000. A new board of directors, with Dr. D. C. Smyley as president and W. S. Burr secretary and treasurer, was elected, and work was begun under the direction of Capt. E. G. Barney. "The contracting company," says John Hardy ("Selma," p. 112), "issued about one million dollars of twenty-year bonds, at eight per cent interest, and about the same amount of stock."

State Endorsement of Bonds .- Under the "State aid" laws, the bonds were endorsed by the governor at the rate of $16,000 per mile, as soon as 20 miles were completed. With the funds obtained by the sale of these bonds, a second section of 20 miles was completed, upon which the governor also endorsed on be-

half of the State at the same rate per mile, making $640,000 assumed by the State on ac- count of this company. Hardy says: "Tem- porary shops were put on the south side of the river, an engine purchased from the Sel- ma, Rome and Dalton road was taken across the river in boats, named 'E. G. Barney,' early in 1868. A good business opened up on the road, and early in 1869, another engine was crossed over the river, placed on the road and named the 'Malena Smyley,' as a compli- ment to the daughter of Dr. Smyley, the

County Subscriptions to Stock .- Under an act of December 31, 1868, authorizing coun- ties to subscribe to the capital stock of rail- roads, the promoters of the Selma & Gulf applied to Dallas County for a subscription to its stock of $250,000. An election was held and a majority voted favorably to the sub- scription, but when called upon for the funds, the court of county commissioners refused to issue the bonds or make the subscription. The railroad company brought suit to compel the commissioners to issue the bonds, and the matter was finally carried to the supreme court of the State. The supreme court sus- tained the action of the county commission- ers, but the road did succeed in securing a loan of $60,000 in bonds of the city of Selma, the county seat.

Investigation by Legislature .- The special house committee appointed in 1871 to inves- tigate railroad matters, on page 13 of its report, stated: "This road affords another ex- traordinary instance of a railroad corporation having secured the endorsement of its bonds in the plainest violation of the statutes; and it now asserts that if further indulgencies are not granted to it in order to enable it to make connection with the city of Greenville, it will be forced to make default in the pay- ment of interest on the bonds indorsed by the State. The work of grading has entirely suspended, the company hopelessly insolvent, without a dollar in its treasury."

Completion and Reorganization .- The road was completed May 1, 1871, from Selma to Pineapple, 40 miles, but was never built any farther. It does not appear that this com- pany ever paid the interest on the State- endorsed bonds, and in 1876, bankruptcy pro- ceedings were instituted in chancery court, and the road put in the hands of Col. Samuel G. Jones as receiver. Says Hardy, on page 112: "The business of the road was managed under the auspices of the contracting com- pany until 1876, when proceedings in chan- cery were instituted, and the property was put in the hands of Col. S. G. Jones, as re- ceiver, who managed the property until 1878, when Col. Jones was succeeded by W. R. Bill, as Receiver, and at the present writing, Jan- . uary 1, 1879, is being managed by W. R. Bill, Receiver, J. C. Waite, Road Master, R. Tip- ton, Superintendent, and Adolphus Gay, En- gineer, which management has given general satisfaction, not only to Selma, but along the entire line."

On September 22, 1879, the road was sold under foreclosure and purchased by interests

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

backed financially by the Louisville & Nash- ville Railroad Co. (q.v.). The company was reorganized under the title of the Pensacola & Selma Railroad Co., and in 1880 became a part of the Louisville & Nashville system.

REFERENCES .- Acts, 1857-58, pp. 171-179, 438- 440; 1859-60, p. 306; 1861, p. 181; 1862, p. 143; Railroad Commission of Ala., Annual reports, 1889 et seq .; Special House Committee, ap- pointed to investigate railroad matters, Report (1872), pp. 12-13; Selma & Gulf. Railroad Co. v. Court of County Commissioners for Dallas County, Brief for Defendant [1871]; Poor's manual of railroads, 1872 et seq .; Hardy, Selma (1879), p. 122; Fleming, Civil War and Recon- struction in Alabama (1905), p. 602; Lapsley, Prospectus of a combined system of railways embracing the Selma & Gulf Railroad (1870, pp. 36), with map.

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History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume II, Part 96

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869- Publication date: 1921 Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company Number of Pages: 724

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 724