History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume II, Part 45

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 724

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tion March 6, 1821, by Thomas W. Farrar and others; St. Stephens Lodge No. - , or- ganized under North Carolina jurisdiction April 12, 1821, with Silas Dinsmore, wor- shipful master, Israel Pickens, senior warden, and Samuel St. John, junior warden; and Marion Lodge No. -, at Suggsville or- ganized under Georgia jurisdiction May 28, 1821.

Statistics .- When the grand lodge was formed in 1821, there were nine subordinate lodges represented. The number of their members is not available. In 1846 the num- ber of . subordinate lodges composing the grand lodge had increased to 78; and while there is no record available showing the membership, it is probable that the increase in the number of Masons in the State had been at least proportionate to the increase in the number of local lodges. In 1921 there were 565 lodges and 42,692 members in Alabama.

Masonic Ethics .- The intellectual, the moral, and even the physical standards for the individual Mason have always been high. In all three he must reach at least the nor- mal. Defect in any one is sufficient cause for rejection of a candidate for initiation, and a serious lapse on the part of a member is likely to cause his suspension or expul- sion after trial before his lodge. Even a physical injury sustained after initiation, if it be such as to prevent the proper exemplifi- cation of the ritual, may stand in the way of progress to higher work and the more advanced degrees. The qualifications for admission to the order, as stated by the grand master in 1911, are as follows: "He (the candidate) must be a normal man, neither defective, dependent, nor delinquent. Physi- cally, mentally and morally he must reach the normal standard. Neither wealth, influ- ence nor power alone qualifies a man to be a Mason." After a man becomes a Mason he is expected to preserve and cultivate these char- acteristics by the practice of the four fol- lowing cardinal virtues: "Temperance, that curbs his sensual appetities, and 'keeps his words and actions within the due limits of decency and order;' Fortitude, that qualifies him to undergo any sacrifice rather than compromise his honor; Prudence, that fore- sees evil and wisely avoids it; and Justice, that enables him 'to do unto others as he would they should unto him.'" Practically every volume of the Proceedings of the Ala- bama Grand Lodge contains references to one or more suspensions or expulsions for "unmasonic conduct" which broadly inter- preted, means anything that contravenes the moral law, or the ethical code of the order. Examination of these Proceedings for a num- ber of years shows that Masons have been suspended or expelled from Alabama lodges for a multiplicity of reasons, among others the following: drunkenness, profanity, im- morality, falsehood, cheating, slander, de- frauding, embezzlement, gambling, duel- ing, manslaughter, felonious assault, threat- ening person with a pistol, voluntary

BOULDER COMMEMORATING THE VALOR OF THE UNI- VERSITY CADET CORPS IN DEFENDING THEIR ALMA MATER AGAINST FEDERAL TROOPS, 1865, ERECTED BY ALABAMA DIVISION, UNITED DAUGHTERS OF CON- FEDERACY

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bankruptcy, attempted bribery, abuse of wife, abuse of a stepson, wife-abandonment, bigamy, seduction, being in public com- pany with a woman of questionable character, getting money under false pretenses, attempt- ing to defraud in the division of a crop, rais- ing the amount of a receipt for a payment on a debt, refusing to pay a debt to a Master Mason though able to do so, borrowing money from a brother Mason and failing to repay it as promised, attacking the good name for truth and veracity of a brother Mason, cast- ing a black ball for reasons which did not affect the character and qualifications of a candidate, failing or refusing to abide the result of an arbitration of a business matter, receiving information from a brother Mason under protection of the Masonic oath and afterward using it as the basis for the prose- cution of a suit in the courts, communicat- ing to a "profane" certain statements made to and received by him "on the square," and general worthlessness.

General Activities .- The activities of Ma- sonic organizations include, of course, the re- lief of unfortunate members and their dependent families, and this is one of the important features, but not by any means the only one. Masonry is benevolent, but is more; it is fraternal, but it goes deeper. It under- takes, by its precepts and its practices, by its symbolism and, by its code of morals, which is the practical exemplification of its symboli- cal teachings, so to influence its members as to make them better men in every relation of life. Charity, then, is one of its activities, but not ostentatious charity. Records of charity bestowed are not kept, and public announcement of philanthropies is not per- mitted, either to the lodges or the members, nor may any Mason claim or receive praise on account of charitable deeds. In addition to its functions with respect to fraternity, charity, education, and morality among its members, Masonry has its social features. In the local lodges the workers frequently are called "from labor to refreshment," and dur- ing the communication of the grand bodies, good-fellowship is promoted by social inter- course and diversion. Thus Masonry makes its appeal to all sides of men's natures, and, when its precepts are mastered, tends to de- velop the "four-square man."

Charities .- Charity is one of the corner stones of Masonry, but it is nevertheless diffi- cult to give a definite statement of the char- acter of its practice or of specific benevolent actions. The lodges keep no records of their charities, and boastfulness or "publicity" of charitable deeds is held to be unmasonic. However, many instances of relief of individ- ual cases of need become known to persons outside the order, and its organized benevo- lencies can not be concealed. The latter have taken the form of support of educational institutions, contributing to worthy public' charities, and the maintenance of Masonic in- stitutions for the care of indigent brethren and their dependent families and the depend- ent widows and orphans of deceased Masons. As stated in the address of the grand master

to the Alabama Grand Lodge in 1911, charity in one form or another is practically univer- sal among Masonic organizations. "In almost every Grand Jurisdiction in our coun- try," he said, "provision is made in some practical form for the indigent brother, the Masonic widow and helpless orphan. The methods adopted may differ, but in all cases, however, there is that same willingness to provide for that brother who has fought and lost in the battle of life, his widow and orphan children." The outstanding feature of Masonic benevolence in this State is the Masonic Home (q. v.) near Montgomery for indigent Master Masons and the widows and orphans of deceased Master Masons, which was opened in January, 1913, and is main- tained by the grand lodge. The institution, both with respect to its equipment and its management, reflects great credit upon the spirit of liberality of Alabama Masons. While the Masonic Home is the great official benevolent activity in the State, on which the main efforts of the grand and subordinate lodges are bent, it does not supplant all other forms of charity. "The Home does not relieve the Mason from his duty to contribute to the very best of his ability to the relief of dis- tressed Master Masons and their families; nor does it relieve the subordinate Lodges of their responsibilities as Lodges to the same pur- poses."

Education .- Masonic organizations in Ala- bama have always given encouragement and practical aid to educational endeavor among the children, not only of their own members, but of the entire community as well. The subordinate lodges and the several grand bodies have contributed liberally to specific educational undertakings, and have given their moral support to the principle of public schools for all children in the State. Prior to the War, before the establishment of a State- supported public school system, several Ma- sonic lodges founded and furnished the neces- sary financial support to schools, usually called academies or institutes, both for boys and for girls, in different parts of the State.

The first of these Masonic academies was the Dayton Literary Association, for young women, organized in Marengo County in 1842 and incorporated February 14, 1843. Its name was changed to The Masonic Institute, January 24, 1848. It was empowered by the legislature to grant diplomas or certificates and to confer the customary degrees "in the arts and sciences."

The Central Masonic Institute, of Dallas County, was incorporated February 17, 1848, by "the most excellent William Hendrix, Grand High Priest of the Royal Arch Chap- ter of the State of Alabama, and the most worshipful Rufus Green, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the State of Alabama and Charles G. Edwards, Nimrod E. Benson, John M. Strong, William Seawell, William M. Lapsley, William Waddell, Jr., George W. Gayle, Wiley Milton, John R. Somerville, Abner Jones, and Thomas B. Carson." It also was authorized to grant diplomas and confer the usual degrees. In 1849 the trustees in-

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HISTORY OF ALABAMA

stalled a military department; and, by joint resolution of the legislature, January 19, 1850, they were authorized to receive from the United States Secretary of War a supply of arms suitable for the military training of the pupils. On February 5, 1852, the name of the institution was changed to the Ma- sonic University of the State of Alabama. Be- sides the foregoing, there were several other institutions of learning founded by the Masons and incorporated by the legislature, among them the following: The Dallas Ma- sonic Academy, of Dallas County, January 13, 1846; the East Alabama Masonic Insti- tute, at Oak Bowery, Chambers County, Feb- ruary 11, 1850; the Dadeville Masonic Female Seminary, February 3, 1852, under the pat- ronage of Tohopeka Lodge No. 71 and Dade- ville Chapter No. 45; the Dadeville Masonic Academy, of Dale County, February 9, 1852; the East Alabama Female Institute, at Talla- dega, February 9, 1852, under the auspices of Clinton Lodge No. 38; the Courtland Ma- sonic Institute, February 18, 1854, sponsored by Courtland Lodge No. 37.

The spirit by which Masons are actuated in their support of education was summarized in the report of the committee on education of the Grand Lodge of Alabama in 1848, as follows: Our hrethren have not contented themselves to clothe the naked, and feed the hungry orphans of deceased brethren. The relief of their physical necessities would not distinguish the Mason from the humane of every order and class of society. But ani- mated by a higher and a more noble aim, they are striving not only to enable those dependent upon the Craft to live, but to make their lives useful. To cultivate the moral feeling, the soul. To make them not only living monuments of the excellence of our order, by qualifying them for all the duties incumbent upon them as citizens, but to fit them as living stones for that spiritual build- ing, "that house not made with hands, eter- nal in the heavens."

Masonry and Politics .- Masonic bodies do not concern themselves officially, or as or- ganizations, with political contests, whether of candidates or of measures. It has heen a cardinal principle of Masonry that the fra- ternal spirit of the order and the hrotherly relations between the members of its various general and local bodies should never be per- mitted to suffer on account of anything out- · side the order. In their lodges, members are expected to lay aside all disagreements and animosities; and in their councils nothing which does not concern Masonry is given con- sideration. It was considered matter for con- gratulation that the gubernatorial contest of 1894, one of the most bitter in the history of the State, did not disturb the fellowship of Masons nor affect the proceedings of their organizations.

Notwithstanding its policy of "keeping out of politics" and standing aloof from all con- tests of parties and of individuals, Alahama Masonry has not hesitated to endorse, either officially or through its prominent members individually, any principle of genuine prog-

ress or reform; and it has stood ready at all times to assist in creating a public sentiment favorable to the adoption of such principles. It has favored education for all classes of people, and the grand lodge maintains a stand- ing committee on education; it has advocated temperance, and many local lodges debar from membership all persons connected with the retail liquor trade. It has, in fact, usu- ally thrown the weight of its great influence and prestige to the side of any policy of a social as distinguished from a merely political significance.

Masonic Temple .- The constitution of the grand lodge requires that its headquarters be maintained in the city of Montgomery. Since 1846 its annual communications have been held there. Since 1898 they have been held in the grand lodge hall, on the third floor of the Masonic Temple erected during that year. This building occupies a lot 112 feet on South Perry Street and 150 feet on Washington Street. The "Temple" is a three-story build- ing of pressed-brick, simple in design and of great architectural beauty. It fronts Wash- ington hut also has entrances on Perry Street. It is heated by steam supplemented by grates, and is equipped both with electric and gas lighting systems. The first floor is occupied by the executive offices of the grand lodge and the library; the second floor, by the rooms of the local subordinate lodges; and the third floor, by the grand lodge hall.

In 1869 the grand lodge adopted a resolu- tion requiring every subordinate lodge to pay to the grand secretary the sum of 50 cents for each member, in addition to all other dues, "for the purpose of creating a fund to be used in erecting a Grand Lodge Hall."

In 1871 a resolution was adopted directing the grand secretary to request the subordi- nate lodges to instruct their delegates to the next annual communication how to vote upon the questions of removing the grand lodge from Montgomery, and if so, to what point. The referendum resulted in a decision to con- tinue grand lodge headquarters in Mont- gomery.

In 1872 a committee, appointed to secure a grand lodge hall and rooms for the grand secretary's offices, reported that suitable quar- ters could be obtained in the fourth story of "the new Masonic Temple," at the north- west corner of Bibh and Commerce Streets, under a lease for a term of 20 years. The building referred to is the one now occupied by the Imperial Hotel. The recommendation was adopted, and the headquarters of the grand lodge remained in that location until the completion of the present temple in 1898.

During the year 1874 a proposal was sub- mitted to the grand lodge that it purchase the building known as the "Masonic Temple," but it was adversely acted upon; and in 1883 efforts were made to have the lease of the grand lodge rooms rescinded, but without re- sult. In 1889 the question again arose, and a committee reported that the lease could be canceled; also that investigation had dis- closed only two buildings in Montgomery suit- able for grand lodge purposes which could be

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purchased, one the Pollock Building, on Dex- ter Avenue, the other the building then occu- pied. In 1890 it was resolved to renew the existing lease for a term of 10 years ..

The per capita tax of 50 cents levied by the grand lodge in 1869 was found to be inexpedi- ent and was soon abolished. In 1875 a per- manent trust fund, designed for the eventual purchase or erection of a grand lodge hall, was founded. By 1893 the amount of this fund had reached $28,000, invested in 4 per cent bonds of the State of Alabama. This fact occasioned renewed interest among Masons in the acquirement of a permanent home for the grand lodge, which should be its own property. Accordingly a committee was appointed in 1893 "to look out for a suit- able site for a grand lodge building, upon which there are now improvements, and which would pay a reasonable rate of interest upon the money invested and at the same time would secure to us a suitable place to erect a Masonic Temple, when the proper time arrives." No action was taken by the committee, however, for several years.

On January 6, 1896, the grand lodge pur- chased from H. L. and John D. Roquemore, the lot on which the present temple is situ- ated; and proceeded to adopt a plan and ad- vertise for bids to erect the building. The completion of these arrangements was tem- porarily postponed because of the depreciation of Alabama bonds in the financial markets; but on June 22, 1897, a contract for the erec- tion of the building, at a cost of $28,000, was let to Cook & Laurie, of Montgomery. The dedicatory ceremonies for the temple were performed at 3 o'clock in the afternoon of December 7, 1898.

Grand Lodge .- The Grand Lodge of Ala- bama was formed on June 11, 1821, in the hall of Halo Lodge No. 21 at Cahaba, by the representatives of nine subordinate lodges, as follows: T. A. Rogers, T. O. Meux and W. B. Allen, Halo Lodge No. 21, Cahaba; David Moore, Gabriel Moore and F. Weeden, Madi- son Lodge No. 21, Huntsville; B. S. Smoot and Israel Pickens, St. Stephens Lodge No. ; C. Perkins, Thomas Owen and D. McFarlane, Rising Virtue Lodge No. 30, Tus- caloosa; John Murphy, G. W. Owen and J. H. Draughan, Alabama Lodge No. 51, Clai- borne; T. W. Farrar and J. Brown, Farrar Lodge No. 41, Elyton; C. C. Clay and John M. Leak, Alabama Lodge No. 21, Huntsville; Anderson Hutchison and Lewis B. Tulley, Moulton Lodge No. 21; John S. Patton, Rus- sellville Lodge No. 36. T. W. Farrar was chairman and J. H. Draughan secretary of the organization convention, and the com- mittee appointed to draft a constitution con- sisted of Messrs. Farrar, McFarlane and Rogers. The convention elected a grand master, a deputy grand master, grand war- dens, a grand secretary, and a grand treas- urer; and the grand master was empowered to appoint the rest of the grand officers. The following make up the list of the first grand officers of Alabama Masonry: T. W. Farrar, grand master; Horatio G. Perry, first deputy grand master; Frederick Weeden, second dep-

uty grand master; John Elliott, third deputy grand master; John Murphy, senior grand warden; Thomas Owen, junior grand war- den; Thomas A. Rogers, grand secretary; David McCord, grand treasurer; Rev. J. B. Warren, grand chaplain; David Moore, ora- tor; Dugald McFarlane, lecturer; William B. Allen, senior grand deacon; Constantine Per- kins, junior grand deacon; Bartholomew La- buzan, master of ceremonies; Seth W. Ligon, grand pursuivant; John W. Thorington, grand marshal; Luther Blake, grand sword bearer; John Cox, first grand steward; George Kreps, second grand steward; Robert B. Watson, tiler.

The first five annual communications of the grand lodge, 1821-1825 were held at Ca- haba, the next 21, 1826-1846, at Tuscaloosa and all subsequent ones, at Montgomery. In 1836 there was not a sufficient number of delegates in attendance to constitute a quorum, and the Grand Lodge of Alabama was, therefore, declared to be extinct, and those present resolved themselves into a con- vention to adopt a new constitution and cre- ate a new grand lodge. A third constitution was adopted by the Alabama Grand Lodge on December 4, 1854. The nature and pur- pose of the grand lodge are stated in section 6 of its constitution, as follows:

"The Grand Lodge has original and exclu- sive jurisdiction over all subjects of Masonic legislation, and appellate jurisdiction only from the decisions of the Subordinate Lodges; and its enactments and decisions upon all questions shall be the Supreme Masonic law of the State. It shall prescribe such rules and regulations for the government of the Subordinate Lodges as will, in its judgment, conduce to the welfare, prosperity and hap- piness of the Craft; and may grant Dis- pensations and Charters for the establish- ment of new Lodges, and may revoke and annul the same for such causes as it may deem sufficient; shall perscribe the manner, and shall require a uniform mode of work- ing, but in no case to alter, remove, or dis- place the ancient and established landmarks of Masonry; and may require from them such reasonable dues and fees as will at all times discharge the engagements of the Grand Lodge."

Grand Masters .- Thomas W. Farrar, 1821, 1822, and 1824; William B. Patton, 1823; Nimrod E. Benson, 1825, 1826, and 1827; Thomas B. Creagh, 1828, 1829, and 1830; William I. Mason, 1831 and 1832; William Leigh, 1833, 1834, and 1835; John C. Hicks, 1836, 1837, and 1838; Edward Herndon, 1839, 1840, and 1841; N. W. Fletcher, 1842; James Penn, 1843 and 1844; Felix G. Nor- man, 1845 and 1846; Rufus Greene, 1847, 1848, and 1849; William Hendrix, 1850; David Clopton, 1851, 1852, and 1853; Ster- ling A. M. Wood, 1854 and 1855; James Mc- Caleb Wiley, 1856 and 1857; Robert H. Ervin, 1858 and 1859; Stephen F. Hale, 1860; William H. Norris, 1861 and 1862; John A. Lodor, 1863; William C. Penick, 1864; Wilson Williams, 1865 and 1866; George D. Norris, 1867 and 1868; William P.

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Chilton, 1869 and 1870; Joseph H. Johnson, 1871 and 1872; Isaiah A. Wilson, 1873 and 1874; Palmer J. Pillans, 1875 and 1876; H. Clay Armstrong, 1877 and 1878; Henry C. Tompkins, 1879 and 1880; Rufus W. Cobb, 1881 and 1882; John H. Bankhead, 1883 and 1884; Jobn G. Harris, 1885 and 1886; Myles J. Greene, 1887; Henry H. Brown, 1888 and 1889; George M. Morrow, 1890 and 1891; Francis L. Pettus, 1892 and 1893; George P. Harrison, 1894 and 1895; James A. Bilbro, 1896 and 1897; B. Dudley Williams, 1898 and 1899; R. M. Cunningham, 1900 and 1901; Robert J. Redden, 1902 and 1903; Henry H. Matthews, 1904 and 1905; Ben M. Jacobs, 1905 and 1906; Hugh S. D. Mallory, 1907 and 1908; Lawrence H. Lee, 1909 and 1910; Daniel A. Greene, 1911 and 1912; Henry Clanton Miller, 1913 and 1914; Walter Smith, 1915 and 1916.

Deputy Grand Masters .- Horatio G. Perry, 1821, 1822, 1823, and 1824; John B. Hogan, 1825 and 1826; Robert E. B. Baylor, 1827; William I. Mason, 1828, 1829, and 1830; Ptolemy Harris, 1831 and 1832; Jobn G. Aikin, 1833; Paul Hildreth, 1834 and 1835; James L. F. Cottrell, 1836, 1837, and 1838; Armistead B. Dawson, 1839; John A. Whet- stone, 1840; Nathaniel W. Fletcher, 1841; Felix G. Norman, 1842 and 1843; Sidney S. Perry, 1844; William Hendrix, 1845, 1846, and 1849; James McCaleb Wiley, 1847, 1848, 1854, and 1855; David Clopton, 1850; Price Williams, 1851; Sidney Smith, 1852 and 1853; Robert H. Ervin, 1856 and 1857; Stephen F. Hale, 1858 and 1859; William H. Norris, 1860; James L. Price, 1861 and 1862; William C. Penick, 1863; Wilson Wil- liams, 1864; David B. Smedley, 1865 and 1866; Samuel Thompson, 1867 and 1868; Joseph H. Johnson, 1869 and 1870; G. Frank Smith, 1871; Isaiah A. Wilson, 1872; Palmer J. Pillans, 1873 and 1874; H. Clay Arm- strong, 1875 and 1876; Henry C. Tompkins, 1877 and 1878; Rufus W. Cobb, 1879 and 1880; John H. Bankhead, 1881 and 1882; John G. Harris, 1883 and 1884; Myles J. Greene, 1885 and 1886; Henry H. Brown, 1887; George M. Morrow, 1888 and 1889; Francis L. Pettus, 1890 and 1891; George P. Harrison, 1892 and 1893; James A. Bilbro, 1894 and 1895; B. Dudley Williams, 1896 and 1897; Russell M. Cunningham, 1898 and 1899; Robert J. Redden, 1900 and 1901; Henry H. Matthews, 1902 and 1903; Ben M. Jacobs, 1904 and 1905; Hugh S. D. Mal- lory, 1906; Lawrence H. Lee, 1907 and 1908; Daniel A. Greene, 1909 and 1910; Henry Clanton Miller, 1911 and 1912; Walter Smith, 1913 and 1914; Robert S. Teague, 1915 and 1916.

Senior Grand Wardens .- John Murphy, 1821; Anderson Hutchison, 1822, 1823, 1824, and 1825; Thomas Wooldridge, 1826; Wil- liam D. Stone, 1827; Ptolemy Harris, 1828; William Leigh, 1829 and 1830; William W. Payne, 1831 and 1832; Isaac Lane, 1833; James B. Tartt, 1834 and 1835; Doric S. Ball, 1836; John A. Whetstone, 1837 and 1838; Blake Little, 1839 and 1840; Felix G. Norman, 1841; Price Williams, 1842; Gerard

W. Creagh, 1843; William P. DeJarnette, 1844; John R. Clark, 1845, 1846, and 1847; Willlam C. Penick, 1848, 1849, and 1850; Samuel H. Dixon, 1851, 1852, and 1853; Humphrey S. Shelton, 1854, 1855, 1856, and 1858; Stephen F. Hale, 1857; Lewis B. Thornton, 1859, 1860, and 1861; John A. Lodor, 1862; David B. Smedley, 1863 and 1864; Sam Thompson, 1865 and 1866; Joseph H. Johnson, 1867 and 1868; G. Frank Smith, 1869 and 1870; Isaiah A. Wilson, 1871; Palmer J. Pillans, 1872; H. Clay Arm- strong, 1873 and 1874; Henry C. Tompkins, 1875 and 1876; Rufus W. Cobb, 1877 and 1878; John H. Bankhead, 1879 and 1880; John G. Harris, 1881 and 1882; Myles J. Greene, 1883 and 1884; William T. Atkins, 1885; Henry H. Brown, 1886; George M. Morrow, 1887; Francis L. Pettus, 1888 and 1889; George P. Harrison, 1890 and 1891; James A. Bilbro, 1892 and 1893; B. Dudley Williams, 1894 and 1895; Russell M. Cun- ningham, 1896 and 1897; Robert J. Redden, 1898 and 1899; Henry ,H. Matthews, 1900 and 1901; Ben. M. Jacobs, 1902 and 1903; Hugh S. D. Mallory, 1904 and 1905; Law- rence H. Lee, 1906; Daniel A. Greene, 1907 and 1908; Henry Clayton Miller, 1909 and 1910; Walter Smith, 1911 and 1912; Robert S. Teague, 1913 and 1914; Percy B. Dixon, 1915 and 1916.

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History of Alabama and dictionary of Alabama biography, Volume II, Part 45

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869- Publication date: 1921 Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company Number of Pages: 724

Author: Owen, Thomas McAdory, 1866-1920; Owen, Marie (Bankhead) Mrs. 1869-
Publication date: 1921
Publisher: Chicago, The S. J. Clarke publishing company
Number of Pages: 724