A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia, Part 17

Author: Martin, Joseph. ed. cn; Brockenbrough, William Henry
Publication date: 1835
Publisher: Charlottesville, J. Martin
Number of Pages: 1278

USA > Washington DC > Washington DC > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 17
USA > Virginia > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 17

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

PHYSIC SPRING, P. O. 67 m's. W. of R. and 153 from W.

STONE WALL MILLS, P. O. in the S. W. part of the Co., 108 m's. S. W. of R., and 192 from W., situated on James river, 15 m's. below Lynch- burg. It contains 2 dwelling houses, 1 manufacturing mill, 2 mercantile stores, 1 tailor, 1 shoemaker, and 1 blacksmith. Located in a convenient place for sending produce to market by water; and surrounded by a healthy and wealthy neighbourhood. Population 20.

Immediately on Slate river the WARREN, Ferry, and P. O.' 87 m's. W of R. and 172 from W .- in country is hilly, but soon becomes very level ;- the borders of the river the W. part of the Co., 10 m's. W. of are very fertile, but the level country Ithe C. H.

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136

EASTERN VIRGINIA-CAMPBELL.

CAMPBELL.

CAMPBELL was created by the Legislature in 1781, from a portion of Bedford. It is bounded S. by Staunton, branch of Roanoke, which sepa- rates it from Pittsylvania and Halifax, W. by Bedford, N. by James river which separates it from Amherst, S. E. by Buckingham and Prince Ed- ward, and E. by Charlotte. Campbell approximates to a square of 24 m's. on each side, with an area of 576 sq. m's., and extends in lat. from 37º to 37° 26' N. and long. from 1º 40' to 2º22 'W. of W. C. There are a few small mountains in Campbell :- both its bounding rivers the Staunton and James are navigable for boats far above its limits; thus opening communi- cation with Chesapeake bay and Albemarle sound. The surface is much broken, but productive in grain, fruit, tobacco, pasturage, &c. Population including the town of Lynchburg in 1820-16,570, in 1830-20,350. Campbell belongs to the eighth judicial circuit, and fourth district. Taxes paid in 1833, 86682 53-1834, on lots, 81666 74-land, 83093 82- 5128 slaves, $1282-3589 horses, 8215 34-16 studs, $210 00-88 coaches, $167 10-26 Carryalls, 826 50-57 gigs, 835 60 .- Total, $6697 10. Amount expended in educating poor children in 1832, $244 57-in 1833, $165 03.

TOWNS, VILLAGES, POS

ARNOLDSTON, P. V. 219 m's. S.for, boot and shoe factory, tobacco fac- W. from W., and 141 from R., situ-ftory, and 2 blacksmith shops; in the vicinity. On Big Falling river is a manufacturing mill. Population 109,

ated at the junction of Otter river with Staunton, on the main southern road-20 m's. from Lynchburg, and of whom 61 are whites, and 48 blacks, 25 from the Peak's of Otter, which and 1 a physician. The falls at this place and for some miles above are with several other picturesque moun- tains are in view. The country very considerable, on both rivers ; and

around is fertile, rich, well watered, thickly settled and healthy. The vil- lage contains several dwelling houses, 1 mercantile store, 1 wheelwright,

fully adequate to the movement of any machinery whatever. The Staunton is the dividing line of Campbell and Halifax, and has at this place a vern. For some miles above Brook- neal there is very little flat land on with fine building rock, running to the waters edge; but at Brookneal the flat land becomes wider and con- tinues to widen for miles below. These flats are very fertile, producing

and a blacksmith shop, with various ferry, and on the opposite side a ta- other mechanics. There are five grist and saw mills from 2 to 4 m's. distant; these mills are surrounded Staunton river, the hills which abound with fine timber for building, &c. Population of Arnoldston 15.

BROOKNEAL, P. V. 162 m's. S. W. by W. of R. and 240 from W., situ- ated in the S. E. part of the county on a beautiful eminence on the north most abundant crops of wheat, corn, bank of Staunton river, opposite the oats and tobacco; and some parts also are well adapted to clover and grass. The uplands are of common quality, Seven Islands, a little above the junc- tion of Big Falling river, with Staun- ton river. It contains 21 houses-10 and abound with good oak, and pine of which are dwelling houses, 2 mer- timber. There are several fine beds cantile stores, 1 Baptist house of wor- of soap stone, and iron ore in this vi- ship, 1 tavern, tan yard, saddler, tail-feinity.

137

EASTERN VIRGINIA-CAMPBELL

CAMPBELL C. H., P. O. 210 m's. from W., 133 from R. and 12 m's. S. of Lynchburg. Besides the ordinary county buildings it contains 12 dwelling houses, 2 taverns, 1 classical and 1 common school, 2 mercantile stores, 1 tanyard and seve- ral mechanics. The public buildings are large, neat and commodious, and the village rapidly improving. The mails arrive and depart 3 times a week. The population is from 90 to 100; of whom 3 are attorneys and 1 a physician.

County Courts, are held on the 2d Monday in every month :- Quarterly in March, June, August, and Novem- ber. JUDGE DANIEL holds his Cir- cuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery on the 26th of April and September.

CONCORD, P. O. 106 m's W. of R. and 192 from W., 12 m's, from Camp- bell C. II., and 13 from Lynchburg. Concord is the name of a small sec- tion of country in which the P. O. is located, and derives its name from a meeting house in the vicinity. The country around is fertile and thickly settled, and within 2 m's. of the P. O. are 3 houses of public worship- Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist.

FALLING BRIDGE, P. O. 122 m's. tion with the distant view of the Blue

S. W. by W. of R. and 203 from W. in the S. E. part of the county, 20 m's. S. E. of Lynchburg.

FLAT CREEK, P. O. 129 m's. S. W. by W. of R., and 207 miles from W.

GREENHILL, P. O. 152 m's. from R., and 230 from W.

LYNCHBURG. The town of Lynchburg is situated on the S. or right bank of James river, in the N. W. corner of the county of Campbell, 120 m's. W. from R. and 198 m's. S. W. from W. Its lat. is 37° 36' N. and its long. 79º 22' W. from Greenwich.

The river in front of the town is about 200 yards wide, and flows to the S. E., giving the same direction to the principal streets. The naviga- tion is difficult, the river being ob- structed by shoals, rocks and rapids, throughout a considerable part of its course above tide-water, and admitting only the use of batteaux carrying about 5 tons. Their form is peculiar and excellent.

The river is crossed in front of the centre of the town, by a plain wooden bridge, from which, and in the same direction, Water st. leads through the middle of the town, crossing the other streets at right angles.

On the N. W. side, the town is limited by the abrupt bank of Black Water creek, which flowing N. E. en- ters James river a little above the bridge. The river banks on the N. E. side are broken, precipitant and elevated; presenting, in connec- Ridge and the Peaks of Otter, a scen- ery which has been universally fid. mired for its beauty and boldness.

In some situations, the banks of the river disclose strata of carth in a man- ner highly interesting and instructive to the geological student. Lynch- burg stands in a primitive region, abounding in several varieties of the granitic rocks. Mica slate, horn- blende, chlorites, quartz, and various ores of iron, are often met with ; and

LEESVILLE, P. V. 147 m's. S. W. by W. of R., and 225 from W., situ- ated at the junction of Staunton river and Goose creek. It contains 20 dwelling houses, 2 mercantile stores, among the rarer minerals, lithomarge, a tavern, tobacco factory and ware- an oxide of titanium, cyenite, asbestos, &c. Gold, in small quantities, has been found in the neighbourhood. The quarries produce a compact mica slate, capable of being wronght easily house, manufacturing flour mill, hemp and wool carding machine and cotton gin, 2 tanyards, a tailor, 3 blacksmiths and 2 boot and shoe fac- tories. Population 65; of whom 1 is with the chisel into blocks, having a physician. 18

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EASTERN VIRGINIA-CAMPBELL.

the closest resemblance to granite, and bakers, blacksmiths, cabinet makers, affording a building material highly carpenters, carriage makers, chair valuable, but as yet too little appre- makers, coopers, coppersmiths, gun ciated. smiths, hatters, masons, painters, print- ers, rope makers, saddlers, shocma- kers, silversmiths, tallow chandlers, tanners, tailors, tinners, turners, to- bacconists, &c.

The streets parallel to the river, which have been more or less built upon, are 10 in number. Of these, the 2d or " Main street"' is the princi- pal. Almost all the shops and stores of the town are situated on this street ; and for the distance of about three quarters of a mile, it presents continu- Ous rows of tolerably well built houses. Main st. together with 3d, (the next in order, proceeding from the river,) occupies a bench on the river bank, at an elevation of about 125 feet; while 4th st. is nearly 100 feet higher; lying only a little below the common level of the country. These streets are crossed at right angles by 10 or 12 alleys, having Water st. in the middle, which be- tween 3d and 4th streets, is too pre- cipitous for the use of carriages of any kind.

The number of houses is between 8 and 900. The court house, market house, and other public buildings, ex- cepting a substantial stone jail, are in a style of architecture which does no credit to the place. The principal hotels are the Franklin and the Union, on Main st., and the Wash- ington on 3d st. Several of the pri- vate dwellings would be considered ornamental to any city.

The churches, in the order of their erection, are the Methodist Episcopal, the 1st Presbyterian, the 1st Baptist, the Protestant Episcopal Church of St. Paul's, the 2d Baptist, the Metho- dist Protestant, the 2d Presbyterian, and a Friend's meeting house in the vicinity of the town. These build- ings, 5 of which stand on 3d st. are mostly quite plain; 1 or 2 only having any pretensions to architectural pro- priety or ornament.

The principal manufacturing es- tablishments within the town, are a large and excellent flour mill and a saw mill, on Black Water creek, with a number of others in the neighbour- hood, a carding machine on a rivulet at the lower end of the town, several brick yards, 2 extensive tanyards, and a good many tobacco factories, for stemming, manufacturing, &c. These factories give employment to many hundred hands. A cotton factory on the right bank of Black Water creek, erected by the Lynchburg Manufac- turing Company with a capital of 8100,000, and intended to run 2500 spindles, and give employment to about 70 persons, is just getting into operation. This is the first attempt of any importance to carry on the cot- ton manufacture in S. W. Virginia ; the success of the enterprise is confi- dently anticipated, and the hope is cherished that other capitalists may be induced to embark in similar un- dertakings among us, until at least the wants of the country depending upon Lynchburg are supplied with domestic fabrics of our own produc- tion.

The Lynchburg Water Works, for furnishing the town with an unfailing supply of pure and wholesome water, were constructed in 1828-29, under the direction of Albert Stein, esq. En- gineer, at an expense of $50,000. The height -- unprecedented in this country -- to which it was necessary to raise the water, renders this one of the most interesting undertakings of the kind in the United States.

Among the mechanics of Lynch- An arm of the James, formed by an burg are found -- distributed in the island about 2 miles in length, is usual proportions of an inland town, crossed, a short distance above the

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EASTERN VIRGINIA-CAMPBELL.

limits of the corporation, by a deun 10glottesville, distant 70 m's. N. E. has feet high. A canal of half a mile in been skilfully graduated; and in spite of an uncommonly broken country, length conveys the water to the pump house on the river bank, at the foot of is now traversed with expedition and 3rd alley. A double forcing pump ease. The Richmond road is now on the plan of De la Hire, worked being turnpiked to Chilton's, 15 m's. by a large breast wheel, impels the water through the ascending pipe which is 200 feet long, to a reservoir containing 400,000 gallons, situated between 4th and 5th streets, and at the elevation of 240 feet above the level of the river. Fire plugs are connected with the distributing pipes at every intersection of the alleys with 2nd and 3rd streets, and afford an ad- mirable security against the danger of fire. "The height of the reservoir, above these streets (the only ones compactly built,) gives a jet of water by means of hose pipes, of from 60 to 80 feet elevation, and throws it, in bold and continuous streams, over the roofs of the highest houses. The water is extensively taken by the in- habitants; and the rents are already accumulating a sinking fund for li- quidating the debt incurred in con-fend, an arm has been constructed structing these valuable works. from Lynchburg-the ouly part of the route that particularly required this mode of improvement. An ex- cellent turnpike is now nearly com- pleted from this place to Lexington, by the way of the Blue Ridge Canal on James river. This road passes near the Natural Bridge, 30 mn's. from Lynchburg. A similar road having already been opened westward from Lexington to Covington, the most di- reet route from the lower country to the Virginia Springs, will now be found to lead through Lynchburg. The Lynchburg and eastern turnpike, running S. W. through New London and Liberty, is now completed half the distance. This is an expensive macadimised road. It enters Lynch- burg at the lower end of the town ; to accommodate the wants of the other from Cocke, or West street, (the north- fermmost alley, ) intersecting the turn- pike a mile and a half from town.

The water power created by the dam for the water works, is amply sufficient for working a large addi- tional amount of machinery, and waits only for a clearer perception by cap- italists of the manufacturing advan- tages of this town, to be brought into extensive use. The cheapness of la- bour, the abundance of provisions, and the extent and wealth of the country looking this way for its sup- plies of domestic as well as of foreign goods, unite with the vast water pow- er actually prepared and ready for any application, in inviting the attention of men of capital and enterprise, to this important subject.

Lynchburg has suffered much from the want of good roads, by which the products of the surrounding country might be conveyed to her market. The recent improvements, however, are important. The road to Char- Just beyond the Blue Ridge, a branch

The " Piedmont road," by Char- lottesville, Lynchburg, Danville, Sa- lem, N. C., &c. having lately been made the route for the great southern mail, the public at large have addi- tional inducements for improving the portion of it between Lynchburg and Danville. A good thoroughfare in this direction would prove an impor- tant accession to the commercial fa- cilites of this town.

A mail coach passes to and from Richmond 3 times a week; the line continues westward to Lewisburg in Greenbriar county, passing by Liber- ty in Bedford county, Fincastle in Botetourt county, and the Sweet and White Sulphur Springs, intersecting the line from Richmond by way of Charlottesville at the latter place.

199 87507 737

mf As er o s not ol eeagil

y Ho bert

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EASTERN VIRGINIA-CAMPBELL.

of this line extends to Salem, where Company," and a large amount of it joins the line passing up the Valley stock saken. Circumstances caused from Staunton. &c. Another mail the abandonment of that undertaking; coach passes between this place and yet so important is it for Lynchburg Washington city, by way of Char- to secure its S. W. trade, to the great- lottesville 3 times a week; this line extends on south into Georgia.

est extent, that the connection of the waters of the Tennessee with the James river at this place, is an enter- prise that ought never to be lost sight of. One of the richest sections of the Union will find this its most direct route to the Atlantic markets.

The commercial relations of Lynch- burg are extensive, embracing a large tract of country to the south and west. Exclusive of an important section of Virginia, the N. W. parts of North Carolina, and many counties in cast 'The staple article of trade in Lynch- burg is tobacco; for the inspection and storage of which there are in dif- ferent parts of the town, 7 large ware- houses. So fertile and productive were-and in a measure, still are- the tobacco lands of the country trad- ing to Lynchburg, that in regard to the quantity inspected, the place has Tennessee communicate with the At- lantic ports through this town. The recent arrangements for carrying through the long contemplated im- provements connecting the James and Kanawha rivers, are likely to affect the trade and prosperity of the place ; but whether prosperously or adverse- ly, time must develope. In the year long been the largest tobacco market 1832, a charter was obtained for " the in the world.

Lynchburg and New River Rail Road

The following is a tabular view of the statistics of the Tobacco Trade of Lynchburg for the last 12 years, including a statement of the inspec- tions at Richmond and Petersburg:

For the year ending

LYNCHBURG.

RICHMOND.

PETERSBURG.

Oct. 1st,

Passed. Refused.

Passed. Refused

1822,

10185

1750

7314

2393

13133

4527

1823,

14061

3057

7716

4561

10628

3352

1824,

12457

1790

8216

3808

8710

2309

1825,

14817

1957

9254

3041

5866

2067

1826,

11506

1649

8669

3070

1479

1482

1827,'.

16127

2465

11142

5087

2096

3346

1828,

13285

2621

10196

7407

1322

4025

1829,

10981

1946

7970

4626

1201

2407

1830,

11926

3539

8360

7007

2120

4515

1831,

11842

3743

8939

7419

2002

4634

1832,

9906

3909

5639

5494

1158

3804

1833,

7957

2173

4868

4617

2877

3605

With the exhaustion of the rich tion to the growing of wheat and the soils that have heretofore produced improvement of their overcropped that staple, the amount of tobacco lands. There is not in the Union a grown, and the profits of the busi- ness, must gradually diminish. Ma- ny intelligent planters, foreseeing the inevitable course of things, are by de- grees abandoning the culture of the plant, and giving an increased atten-

soil superior to theirs if properly man- aged. Their success in clover and wheat will animate the spirit of agri- cultural improvement, check the tide of emigration, and by furnishing in creased quantities of merchantab l

141

EASTERN VIRGINIA-CAMPBELL.

produce, afford the surest guarantee junction with Staunton river. It con- for the permanent prosperity of their market town. tains 20 dwelling houses, 2 mercan- tile stores, I manufacturing flour mill,

The Lynchburg branch of the a tanyard, and various mechanics. Bank of Virginia has a capital of Seneca creek has lately been improved $300,000, and that of the Farmers' Bank of Virginia, a capital of $-

There are also two Savings Banks, paying interest on deposites. The beneficial effects of these admi- rable institutions are widely felt.

The most important Benevolent Societies of Lynchburg are, a Bible Society, auxiliary to the American Bible Society, instituted in the year 1815 ;- a Colonization Society, insti-

by the Roanoke Company, and boats can now come up to the mill. Popu- ation 50.

MOREMAN'S P. O. 221 m's. from W., and 143 from R.

NEW LONDON, P. V. near the W. border of Campbell, 209 m's. from W. and 131 from R. New London is an incorporated town, situated on the Lynchburg and Salem turnpike, 11 m's. S. W. of the former, and 50 E. tuted in 1826, which has been instru- of the latter. It contains 25 dwelling mental in sending out many people of color as colonists to Liberia,-and a numerous and influential Temperance Society.

houses, 2 mercantile stores, 2 taverns, and 1 handsome Methodist meeting house, a rope walk, blacksmith shop, wheel wright, tanyard, and 2 saddlers. Lynchburg has no incorporated seminary of learning. The business of education is left entirely to indi- vidual enterprise. There is a good classical and mathematical school, se- veral schools for both sexes, and others which one is furnished with an exten- sive and costly Philosophical Appa- ratus. The New London Academy is situ- ated a mile W. ofthe town. At this in- stitution a student may be prepared to enter any of the colleges or Univer- sities with credit. There were in 1834, 50 pupils :- the buildings con- for young ladies exclusively -- of sist of a handsome and commodious Academy, a presidents' house, and a large brick church well enclosed. The Bedford and Campbell Agricul- 'The town labors under the reproach of having no public library. tural Society, holds its meetings at New London. There is a merchant In addition to the " Lynchburg Vir- ginian," a semi-weekly paper of long standing, another, also semi-weekly, has lately been established. mill on Buffalo creek, about half a mile west of the town, and another about the same distance south, both on a very extensive scale. Popula-

The town was established in the tion 100.

year 1786, but so slow was its pro- gress that in 1793, it contained but five houses. The charter of incorpo- ration was obtained in 1805. Popu- lation in 1830, 4,630, including 12 resident attorneys, and 15 practising physicians.

MARYSVILLE, P. V. 147 m's. S. W. by W. of R., and 225 from W., situated in the S. part of the county, 20 m's. S. W. of Lynchburg, and 15 m's. S. of Campbell C. HI., in a thick- lution, refused to take the oath of alle- ly settled and wealthy neighbourhood, on Seneca creek, a mile above its and left the country. These circum-

New London was founded about the year 1750, and about the time of the American revolution contained per- haps thrice its present number of in- habitants. There was then establish- ed at this place a United States armo- ry, and its artisans, which have since been removed to Harpers Ferry :- Five or six Scotch merchants, who were largely engaged in business about the commencement of the revo- giance, broke up their establishments,

142

EASTERN VIRGINIA-CAROLINE.

stances combining with the establish-[this county and Charlotte, about three ment of Lynchburg so near it on miles below Brookneal, on the Staun- James river, have given a shock to ton river-The residence of PAT- the prosperity of the town from which it cannot recover. RICK HENRY, and the burial place of himself and his lady.

Under the old district system the Superior Court was held at New London.

REEDY SPRING, P. O. 110 ms. from R. and 196 S. W. of W.

YELLOW BRANCH, P. O. 135 ms. RED IHILL, situated in the S. E. S. W. of R. and 213 from W. part of the county, on the borders off

CAROLINE.

CAROLINE was created by the House of Burgesses, in February, 1727, (in the language of the act) "on the heads of Essex, King and Queen, and King William."-The first court was held under a commission from Go- verner Gooch, in May 1728 .- It is bounded N. by the Rappahannock which separates it from King George, N. W. by same river separating it from Stafford,-N. E. by Essex,-E. and S. E. by King and Queen, and King William .- S. S. W. by the Pamonkey, which separates it from Han- over,-and W. by Spottsylvania .- Its shape is nearly a parallelogram, in length 30 miles from N. E. to S. W. and in breadth 20 ;- area 600 sq. ms. -lat. 37º 4' to 389 16' N. and long. 09 2' to 00 43' W. of W: C .- The surface is much broken, and the soil presents great variety.

The Rappahannock and Pamunkey are on the borders of this county, and the Mattapony runs a little south of its centre, the low grounds of these rivers are admirably adapted to the culture of Indian corn, wheat, and to- bacco,-indeed for the first they are said to be the best lands in the state .- Its principal villages are Bowling Green and Port Royal, and its Academies Rappahannock and Concord. Caroline was formerly divided into three parishes, Drysdale and St. Mary's, created in 1727, and St. Margarett's, in 1744, in each of which a church was placed, only St. Margaretts remains: -but there are many other churches and meeting houses in the county, which belong principally to the prevailing denomination -- the Baptist. The people are religious, and remarkable for their wealth, hospitality and intel- ligence ;-- it was the birth place of the republican JOHN TAYLOR,-the highly gifted EDMUND PENDLETON, and the chivalric GENERAL WOOD- FORD. Population, 1820, 18,008 -- in 1830, 17,744 .- Caroline belongs to the fifth judicial circuit, and third district. Taxes paid in 1833, $4440 82 -1834, on lots, $62 71-lands, $2355 22 -- on 5581 slaves, $1395 25 -- 3015 horses, $180 90-11 studs, $133 00-on 71 coaches, $180 56 -- 4 stages, $6 50 -- 03 carryalls, $97 25-218 gigs, $121 94-Total, $4533 33. Amount expended in educating poor children in 1832, $519 88-in 1833, $539 84.

TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.

BOWLING GREEN, P. V. and | leading from Fredericksburg to Rich- county seat, 44 ms. N. N. E. of R. mond, 22 miles from the former .-- and 78 from W. on the main road The public buildings are new, hand-

143

EASTERN VIRGINIA-CAROLINE.

some, and spacious, consisting of a bacco factory, manufacturing mill, court house, clerk's office, and jail, and a grist and saw mill. Popula- recently erected; one Episcopalian tion 21 whites and 53 blacks. The house of worship, and in the vicinity scenery around is pretty and the country healthy; the soil is good, adapted to Indian corn, wheat, oats, and tobacco of fine quality. There are two mineral springs in the neigh- borhood, supposed to contain iron and sulphur. one church belonging to the (reformn- ed) Baptists. There are 29 dwelling houses, 3 mercantile stores, 1 grist and saw mill, 1 coach and wagon manufactory, 2 blacksmiths, 1 tan- yard, 2 tailors, 2 bricklayers, 1 house- joiner, and & boot and shoe factories; 2 elementary schools, one for each sex; 1 well organized Sunday MILL. FARM, P. O. 44 ms. from R. and 93 S. of W. school, and 1 temperance society; al- so a female benevolent association, OXFORD, P. O. 33 ms. from R. and 100 from W. which has a fair annually, the profits of which are appropriated to benevo- lent purposes.

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A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia, Part 17

Author: Martin, Joseph. ed. cn; Brockenbrough, William Henry Publication date: 1835 Publisher: Charlottesville, J. Martin Number of Pages: 1278

Author: Martin, Joseph. ed. cn; Brockenbrough, William Henry
Publication date: 1835
Publisher: Charlottesville, J. Martin
Number of Pages: 1278