USA > Washington DC > Washington DC > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 34
USA > Virginia > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 34
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HILL GROVE, P. O. 150 ms. S. W. by W. of R. and 228 from W., situa- ted 4 ms. S. of Ward's bridge on the post road leading from Lynchburg to Danville, 30 ms. S. of the former, and 40 N. of the latter place. This sec- tion of country is healthy, and well watered; the soil moderately fertile, well adapted to the culture of tobacco and grain. The growth of timber is generally oak, pine, hickory, &c.
LIBERTY HALL, P. O. 121 ms. S. W. by W. of R.
JUDGE SAUNDERS holds his Cir- MONROETON, P. O. on the right cuit Superior Court of Law and bank of Staunton river, in the ex- Chancery on the 20th of May and October. treme north western angle of the county, 161 ins. S. W. by W. of R. and 239 from W. This place some 10 or 12 years ago, promised fair to become a town of some magnitude. It was laid off' in lots, and a consider- able number of them sold, several houses were built and occupied, and
DANVILLE, P. V. 168 ms. from R. and 258 from W. Danville is a flourishing village, situated at the falls on the right bank of Dan river, near the S. border of the county, and .about 5 ms. from the N. C. line. Dan river is navigable for batteaux one or two stores established; but by
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some fatality, it had no sooner com-
ROBERTSON'S STORE, PIO. 174 menced its career, than it begun to ins. from R. and 252 S. W. of W. decline, and every one of the first SMITH'S STORE, P. O. 162 miles from R. and 244 S. W. of W. settlers left the place, and most of the houses were thrown down; others moved off and rebuilt where they were of more service, and it now contains only 2 families, I tannery, and 1 manufacturing flour mill.
MOUNT AIRY, P. O. 164 ms. S. W. of R. and 242 from W., situated in the lower end of the county, in a healthy and flourishing neigh- borhood, about 5 miles from Halifax county line, at the intersection of the roads leading from Lynchburg to Danville and Milton, and the road leading from Charlotte to Franklin ing well adapted to wheat; large C. H., 39 ms. from the former, 32 crops of which will probably be from Danville, and 16 N. E. of Pitt- raised as soon as the Roanoke im- provements, which are now in a state store, several dwelling houses, a saw of forwardness, shall have been com- pleted.
sylvania C. H. It has 1 mercantile and grist mill, and 2 cotton machines are in the neighborhood, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 Episcopalian, 1 Methodist, and 1 Baptist. The face of the surrounding country is level, population not very dense,-the soil fertile, and well adapted to Indian corn, wheat, oats, and tobacco.
PAYTONSBURG, P. O. distant 148 ms. from R. and 248 from W., situa- ted on the road which leads from Danville to Richmond, 30 miles be- low the former. It contains several dwelling houses, 1 mercantile store, 1 tavern, 1 tan yard, 1 saddler, 1 tai- lor, and a blacksmith shop, with seve- ral private families. The situation is eligible and handsome,
SPRING GARDEN, P. O. 160 ms. from R. and 250 S. W by W. of W. It is situated 18 ms. N. of Danville, and 8 E. of Competition. It contains a country store, house of entertain- ment, and a blacksmith shop. There is a Baptist house of worship in the neighborhood, called "Shockoe meet- ing house." The soil in the imme- diate neighborhood is not very fer- tile, 'T'he productions are tobacco, wheat, corn, oats, &c .: that of the surrounding country is more so, be-
SUGAR TREE, P. O. 20 ms. to the S. W. of Competition, 187 ms. S. W. by W. of R. and 280 S. S. W. of W. It contains 4 mercantile stores, 1 Methodist house of worship, 1 com- mon school, and 1 sunday school, 1 manufacturing flour mill, and 1 black- smith - shop. The lands in this neighborhood are generally good, ex- cept immediately on the public road. There are several small streams which pass through this part of the county and empty into Dan river.
WATKINS' STORE, P. O. in the S. W. angle of the county, 192 ms. S. W. by W. of R. and 285 from W.
WILLIAMS' STORE, P. O. 152 ms. from R. and 242 from W.
POWHATAN.
POWHATAN was created by the Legislature in 1777, and formed out of a part of Cumberland county. It is bounded on the N. by James river, which separates it from Goochland-on the E. by Chesterfield-on the S. by the Appomattox river, which separates it from Amelia, and on the W. by Cumberland. It is situated about 37º 30' N. lat. and 1º long. W. of W. C., extending about 30 miles in length, and averaging about 14 in
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breadth, with an arca of 280 sq. ms. The face of the county is level as a territory ; although undulating with small sinks and swells, or bottoms and hills running from the main ridge, which passes through the centre of the county E. and W. to the James and Appomattox rivers. The James river washes the whole extent of the northern frontier from W. to E. and the Appomattox the southern frontier in like manner and direction. The creeks are numerous: those which empty into James river beginning near the Cumberland line, on the N. W and proceeding E. to the Chesterfield line are, Muddy creek, which rises in Cumberland, runs in a meandering direction N. and empties into James river between Cumberland and Pow- hatan. On this creek there is a manufacturing mill, called Muddy creek mills near Cartersville. Deep creek rises in Cumberland, runs N. E. re- ceiving the tributary waters of Little Deep creek, Indian Camp creek, Moore's creek, Mosby's and Horsepen Branches, Swann's creek, and Sallee's creek, all empty into James river some 7 or 8 miles below the mouth of Muddy creek. On Sallee's creek are situated two grist mills. Jefferson creek rises in Powhatan, runs N. and empties into James river, at the town of Jefferson. Mohawk creek, rises in Powhatan runs N. and empties into James river, one mile above Michaux's Ferry ; on this creek is situated one grist mill. Fine creek rises near Powhatan C. H. runs 8 or 10 miles N. E. and empties into James river. On this creek is situated the Fine creek manufacturing and grist mills. Jones' creek rises in Powhatan, runs 12 miles E. and N. E. and empties into James river. On this creek are situa- ted a manufacturing and grist mill, also another merchant mill running 2 pair of burrs, to which is connected a grist and saw mill, with 1 general store. On this creek are also located a cotton factory and 2 other grist mills, with 1 saw mill. Burner's creek rises in Powhatan, runs 7 or 8 miles N. E. and empties into James river, near the line between Chester- field and Powhatan.
Those in the southern part of the county beginning at the lower end and proceeding upwards or westwards are-Swift creek, which rises in Powhatan, runs S. E. through Chesterfield into Appomattox; on this creek in Powhatan are situated the Cedar Grove manufacturing and grist mills. Hurricane creek rises in Powhatan, runs S. and empties into Swift creek, 3 miles long. Skin Quarter creek rises in Powhatan, runs 8 miles S. W. and empties into Appomattox. Butterwood creek rises in Pow- hatan, runs 7 or 8 miles S. W and empties into Appomattox; on this creek Haskins' mill, near Genito, is situated. Genito creek rises in Powhatan, runs S. W. and empties into Appomattox-3 miles long. Lower Fighting creek rises near Rocky Oak meeting house, runs S. W. receiving Scott's creek and Hobson's creek, unites with Upper Fighting creek, and empties into Appomattox. Upper Fighting creek rises near the Buckingham road, runs S. E. receiving Tucker's and Blunt's creeks, unites with Lower Fighting creek, and empties into Appomattox. Between the mouth of this creek and the Cumberland line, there are many branches, and small creeks running through almost every plantation.
There are two principal roads running through the county-the Buck- ingham road, on the high ridge between the two rivers, and the Manakin Town road, between the Buckingham road and James river, together with numerous cross roads.
The soil of Powhatan is varions both in quality and appearance. The old farns have been much exhaused by long and injudicious cultivation,
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but a revival of a geological spirit, with the use of clover and plaster, seems to authorise the prediction that in twenty years the land of this coun- ty will again become fertile. The James and Appomattox rivers bounding two sides of the county at full length, afford great quanties of rich low grounds, and thousands of little branches and creeks intersecting and variegating every portion of the county, render the soil quite productive generally. The principal crops are corn, oats, wheat and tobacco. The last two are the staple products.
There are some coal mines in the lower end of this county. A pit has been for several years regularly and profitably managed by the judicious owner, Capt. Wm. Finney, in whose immediate neighborhood another vein of coal has been discovered on the land of Mr Edward Scott. Indi- cations of coal have also been discovered on the surface of the earth in many places in the lower end of the county.
There are ten male schools now in operation in this county, under the superintendence of competent teachers for the instruction of youth in the ordinary branches of education. "There are also two female schools under the management of judicious and able teachers.
The Baptists, Methodists and Presbyterians, are the only regularly formed churches There are some Episcopalians, but no officiating minister of that denomination. The old Episcopal churches, Peterville and Manakin Town, have become free for the use of all denominations. There is also a church recently established in the lower end of the county called the Reformed Baptist, now composed of 12 members. There are also many Unitarians in the county, but no established church of that faith.
Powhatan belongs to the seventh judicial circuit and fourth district. Population in 1820, 8,292-1830, 8,517 persons, of whom more than half were slaves and free blacks. Tax. paid in 1833, $2752 46-in 1834 on lots, $45 58-on land, $1512 58-3049 slaves, $762 25-1791 horses, $107 46-3 studs, $100 00-86 coaches, $198 75-16 carryalls, $16 00 -89 gigs, 850 25. Total, $2792 87. Expended in educating poor chil- dren in 1832, $106 84-in 1833, $45 36.
TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.
BALLSVILLE, P. Q. 48 ms. from R.)ring flour mill. Population 25 per- and 147 from W.
FLAT ROCK, P. O. in the eastern · part of the county, 25 ms. W. of R. : and 147 from W.
: GENITO, P. V. 29 miles S. W. by W. from R. and 151 from W., situa- ted on the E. or left side of the Ap- pomattox river, in the southeastern part of the county, and 36 ms. from Petersburg. It contains 6 dwelling houses, 1 mercantile store, a tavern, blacksmith, and a tailor's shop. A permanent bridge is thrown across the Appomattox at this place, at . which is situated a large manufactu-(farms and residences of 8 wealthy
sons; of whom 1 is a physician.
JEFFERSON, P. V. is pleasantly situated on the south bank of James river, 35 ms. above R. 144 from W. and 7 ms. from the county seat. It has a direct water communication with Richmond, being situated only 12 ms. above the head of the James river canal. The elevation of this place affords the most beautiful pros- pect of the surrounding country, of any town or village on James river. From a farm half a mile below and in sight of Jefferson, may be seen the
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and extensive farmers in the county of Goochland, besides some four or five in the county of Powhatan, and in March, May, August and Nov'r. from the same place there is a desi- JUDGE CLOPTON holds his Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chan- cery on the 8th April and 1st Octo- ber. rable prospect of James river, both up and down. It is a place of con- siderable trade for its size. The ex- ports are principally wheat and to- SMITHSVILLE, P. V. 38 ms. W. of R. and 132 from W., situated between bacco. They ship annually about 40,000 bushels of wheat, and 250 two creeks-Deep creek on the W. hhds. of tobacco. It contains besides and Sallee's creek on the E. It con- tains several dwelling houses, a house of public worship, (Presbyte- rian,) called "Mount Carmel," 1 country store, 1 house of entertain- ment, a plough maker, and black- a public ferry, 2 stores, 1 manufactur- ing mill, 1 tailor shop, 2 shoemakers, and 1 saddler and harness maker. The mail from Richmond arrives at this place 3 times a week. It has besides houses of deposite, 8 dwel- smith shop; in the vicinity and on ling houses; with a white population of 50-and a population of 70 color- ed persons.
SCOTTSVILLE, P. V. and seat of justice, 32 ms. W. of R. and 139 S. S.W. of W. in lat. 37°32' and long. 0° 56' W. of W. C. This village con- tains, besides the Court House, Clerk's office and jail, 20 dwelling houses, 3 miscellaneous stores, a tanyard, sad- dler, boot and shoe maker, 2 tailors, 1 blacksmith shop, and 3 taverns.
County Courts are held on the 3d Monday in every month ;- Quarterly
Sallee's creek, there is located a manufacturing flour mill, the pro- prietors of which have it in contem- plation to extend the navigation of the creek to James river. There are several benevolent societies organized in this vicinity. Population 30.
SUBLETT'S TAVERN, P. O. in the eastern part of the county, 23 ms. S, W. of R. and 145 from W.
PRINCE EDWARD.
PRINCE EDWARD was created by the legislature in 1753, and was form- ed out of a portion of Amelia Co. It is bounded S. E. by Lunenburg, S. and S. W. by Charlotte, W. by Campbell, N. W. and N. by Buckingham, N. E. by Cumberland and Amelia, and E. by Nottoway. Its length from E. to W. is 35 ms .; mean breadth 12 ms. and area 420 sq. ms .- Its mean lat. is 37° 12', and long. from W. C. 1º 30' W. The Appomattox river, separates this county from Buckingham and Cumberland.
This county is well watered by numerous creeks, emptying into the Ap- pomattox river. They come in the following order, viz : Vaughan's, and Harris creeks: Buffaloe-This creek was examined a few years ago, and it was contemplated to make it navigable for boats, in conjunction with the lit- tle Roanoke, in Charlotte. The Engineer made an unfavorable report. Briery, Bush and Santy creeks. These creeks all run nearly parallel. Bricry is a sluggish stream, Buffaloe and Bush swift. The Appomattox is a fine stream, narrow but very deep.
'The soil in this county is very good. The gray land predominates. It is of a sandy texture, and well adapted to corn and tobacco. Much of the land presents the same appearance as the state does generally. It has been
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exhausted by continual culture, without any regard to system. A large quantity of it is unenclosed. The pine in this county, as in most parts of the state, takes possession of the worn out land, and renders much aid in restor- ing the lands.
Prince Edward is rich in minerals and fosils. In the last few years there have been inany developements of its mineral wealth. Numerous beds of calcarious rock or marl, have been discovered; and from indications, it is probable that it may be found in large quantities.
Near Farmville, and in other parts of the county there are very strong indications, that coal of the finest quality may be obtained. It may be found by digging a little way, and it is to be regretted, that regular attempts have not been made to explore these mines of wealth. If the navigation of the Appomattox is improved, at no distant day, coal may be a source of much wealth to this county.
Copper ore has been found in various parts of the county very pure. There are some indications of gold, but not very strong.
There is one solitary mountain in this county, "Leigh's mountain." It is an axact cone, and adds something to the scenery. It is between Bush and Sandy rivers.
Farmville, is a town of considerable commercial importance. It is situated at the head of batteaux navigation on the Appomattox: however, boats can get up much higher. This is the fourth tobacco market in Virginia, and in point of the quality of its tobaacco, it is the first. More than half a mil- lion of dollars are annually paid here for tobacco. The trade of Farmville is drawn from Halifax, Lunenburg, Charlotte, Nottoway and a part of Camp- ·bell.
Hampden Sydney College was founded in 1774 for the purpose of her- ishing those ideas of civil and religious liberty which were beginning at that time to be diffused. It was chartered in 1783 and received its present name from those two martyrs to liberty, J. Hampden and A. Sydney. It was established and has ever been supported by the private munificence of public spirited individuals. It has an elevated and pleasant situation, 1 . mile from the C. H. and 80 ms. S. W. of Richmond. The healthiness of its situation is well known, there having been but one death among the stu- dents since its foundation. The annual income of the funds of the Institu- · tion has not, until recently exceeded $600; but within the last 5 years, it has received a contribution of 830,000, of which $20,000 have been set apart for a permanent fund. The only assistance it has ever received from the state was 2 small tracts of escheated lands, which were of very little va- lue. Although the Institution has had to encounter many difficulties for want of funds, yet it has generally been in successful operation and has ed- ucated upwards of 2,000 young men ; many of whom have been of eminent usefulness, and some of great abilities. More instructors have emanated from this Institution than from any other in the southern country. Connect- ed with the College is a Literary and Philosophical Society, and an Insti- tute of Education. There are also several societies among the students, which are of great aisistance to them in the prosecution of their studies. The legislative government of the College is vested in 27 trustees who fill up vacancies in their own body.
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The Presidents of Hampden Sidney have been
Rev. S. S. Smith, from 1774 to 1779. | Rev. A. Alexander, D. D.1777, to 1806. Rev. J. B. Smith, from 1779, to 1789. |Rev. M. Hoge, D. D. 1807, to 1820. Pres. pro. tem. 1789, to 1797. J. P. Cushing A. M. 1821.
Besides the President there are Professorships of Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Mathematics, and Language. The number of students for the last 15 years has averaged about 100. The number of matriculates this year is 69. It has a valuable and extensive Chemical and Philosophical Apparatus and a library of about 5,000 vols.
The buildings connected with College are the College edifice, 190 ft. by 50, 4 stories high and containing 48 rooms for student's, a chape, a library and 3 other public rooms ; a President's house and a steward's establish- ment-all of brick, and ? other houses for Professors. Annual expenses -- for tuition, board, room rent, washing, 8150.
Commencement is on the 4th Wednesday in September. Vacations- Ist. the month of October; 2d. the month of May.
The Union Theological Seminary is located in Prince Edward Co. in the vicinity of the C. H. and near Hampden Sydney College. The Institu- tion had its origin in efforts made by the presbytery of Hanover, and the Synod of Virginia, as early as 1812, to give to their candidates for the min- istry a more complete theological education. It did not however go into operation in a regular form until the year 1824.
The Seminary is under the controul of a board of 24 directors chosen once in 4 years by the Synods of Virginia and North Carolina.
Its funds are derived from the free contribution of Presbyterians in va- rious parts of the country, and amount to nearly enough to provide for the support of 3 Professors.
Its buildings are of brick and consist of 2 Professor's dwellings, and a central edifice, 196 ft. long and 4 stories high, containing a chapel, library, lecture rooms, museum, depository, dining hall, rooms for 100 students, and for the family of a steward. The library is small, containing only 3,000 vols. but is highly valuable from the care employed in its selection.
Its oficers are the Professors of the Institution, namely, those of Chris- tian Theology, of Ecclesiastical History and Polity, of Oriental Literature and such others as may be chosen. These constitute a faculty for internal government, of which the Professor of Christian Theology is ex-officio chairman.
Its students are only those who design to become ministers of the gospel. Any such person can become a member of the Institution, who is a mem- ber of any Christian church, who sustains before the faculty a satisfactory examination on personal experience of religion, who has graduated at some reputable College, or gained in some other way a liberal education.
The course of study in the Institution embraces the Hebrew and Chal- dee languages, Jewish Archiology, Sacred Geography, Biblical Criticism, Biblical Literature, Biblical Interpretation, Theory and Practice, Biblical History, Ecclesiastical History and Polity, Church Government, Natural Theology, Evidences of Revelation, Canon Christian Theology, Confes- sion of Faith, Pastoral Theology, and the Composition and Delivery of Ser- mons.
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Since 1824, 127 students have belonged to the Institution, and its chairs have been filled as follows :-
Theology-John H. Rice, D. D. inaugurated 1824,-died 1831.
Oriental Lit-Hiram P. Goodrich, inaugurated 1828.
Theology-George A. Baxter, inaug. 1832.
Church History-Vacant,
Assistant-Elisha Ballantine,
The people of this county are generally intelligent and well informed. The Presbyterian denomination are more numerous than in any other Co. in the state. Population in 1820, 12,587 -- in 1830, 14,109, or 55 to the sq. m. giving an increase of 1,530 in 10 yrs; of the last amount there were whites, 5,514, and 8,593 blacks, giving an increase of 3,079 over the free popu- lation; many of which are free blacks and mulattoes. The free negroes in this county are more numerous than in any other county in the state. Prince Edward belongs to the 9th judicial circuit, and fifth district. Tax paid in 1833, 83,844 73 -- in 1834, on lots, 8118 28-land, 1,751 76 -- 4831 slaves, 81,207 75-2,685 horses, 8161 10-6 studs, $102 00-122 coaches, 8336 60-44 carryalls, $49 40-144 gigs, 888 00. Total, $3,814 89. Expended in educating poor children in 1832, $126 45-in 1833, 8207 33.
TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.
BURKESVILLE, P. O. in the south-jis good at all seasons of the year, and ern part of the county, 66 ms. S. W. gives employment to about 40 bat- by W. of R. and 188 from W.
CARTER'S STORE, P. O. in the S. W. part of the county, 81 ms. S. W. by W. of R. and 172 ms. from W.
FARMVILLE, P. V. 68 ms. S. W. by W. of R. and 159 from W., situ- ated on the N. border of the county, near the head of batteaux navigation,
teaux, with 3 men in each, carrying from 5 to 7 tons. Farmville is grow- ing in importance and trade. It is at the present time one of the finest towns in proportion to its size and commerce in Virginia. Population 800 persons ; of whom 2 are physicians.
HERMITAGE, P. O. 91 ms. S. W. and on the S. side of Apporhattox ri- by W. of R. and 182 ms. from W.,
ver. This village was incorporated in 1832, with 7 trustees, having pow- er to tax, &c., It contains 2 tobacco warehouses, at which are inspected tersection of the roads leading from
situated in the western part of the Co. on a considerable eminence which commands a beautiful view, at the in- Charlottesville, to the S. and from Petersburg to Lynchburg. It has Vaughan's creek on the S., and a mill creek on the N. side. It contains
annually from 4,000 to 4,500 hogs- heads; this inspection affords a larger proportion of fine French tobacco, than any other in the state. There are 5 tobacco factories, giving em- several dwelling houses, and 1 mer- ployment to 250 hands, 10 mercantile cantile store, &c. The lands in the stores, 2 houses of public worship, ( I !neighborhood, are of a light, gray, Presbyterian and I Methodist,) 22 ta- sandy soil, producing wheat, corn, verns, 1 printing office, 1 female oats and tobacco tolerable well. school, 1 cabinet maker, 2 smith shops, JAMESTOWN, P. V. 60 ms. S. W. 1 tailor, 1 wheelwright, I boot and by W. of R. and 167 from W., situ- shoe factory, I saddler, 1 tan yard, 2 ated in the N. E. angle of the county confectioners, and 2 milliners and
on the S. side of Appomattox river, 8 mantua makers. The navigation of ms. below Farmville, 3 ms. below the the river from this place to Petersburg dividing line of Prince Edward and
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Amelia, and 60 ms. from Petersburg 3 years to complete it; in addition to and Lynchburg. This village was the instruction afforded by the 2 prin- laid off in 1796 into 8 squares, each containing 4 acre lots. The mer- cipals and their 5 assistants, the pu- pils have the advantage of instruction cantile business of this place was at in science, and the languages from the . one time very flourishing; the inspec- Professors of Hampden Sydney Col- lege, -- the other institution alluded to is for males, and prepares pupils to enter the Colleges with credit : the annual number is between 40 and 50. tion of tobacco was carried on to a limited extent for several years, but has been discontinued; since which time the village has ceased to flourish. It contains at this time, several dwel- County Courts are held on the 3rd Monday in every month ;- Quarterly ly in March, May, August and No- rember. ling houses, 1 house of public wor- ship, free for all denominations, 2 mis- cellaneous stores, and 1 house of en- tertainment. The surrounding coun- JUDGE LEIGH holds his Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chance- ry on the 26th of April and Septem- . ber. try, is healthy,-the laud much bro- ken, and the soil peculiarly adapted to the growth of fine tobacco, which with wheat constitutes the staple. PROSPECT, P. O. 80 ms. S. S. W.
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