A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia, Part 43

Author: Martin, Joseph. ed. cn; Brockenbrough, William Henry
Publication date: 1835
Publisher: Charlottesville, J. Martin
Number of Pages: 1278


USA > Washington DC > Washington DC > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 43
USA > Virginia > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 43


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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well organized sunday schools, a temperance, missionary, bible, and colonization society, an alms house, 2 manufacturing flour mills, 1 wool- en manufactory, and 1 iron and brass water power, and 2 druggist shops. : The mechanical pursuits are-2 printing offices, each issuing a week-


4 tailors, 1 chair maker, 4 wagon makers, 1 plough maker, 1 hatter, 2 cabinet makers, 2 tin and copper smiths, 2 white smiths, and 3 blacksmiths. Population in 1830, 1600 persons, of whom 4 are resident attornies and 5 physicians. - Martinsburg is distant 22 ms. N. of Winchester, 21 N. W. of Harper's Ferry, 13 S. of Wil- liamsport, on the Maryland side of the Potomcc, 10 ms. W. of Shep- perdstown, 25 S E. of Berkley Springs, 5 E. of North mountain, and 7 miles S. of the nearest point on the Potomac river, and Chesapeake


County Courts are held on the 2d Monday in every month ;- Quarter- ly in March, June, August and Vo- vember.


JUDGE PARKER holds his Circuit foundry, with a cupola furnace, and Superior Courts of Law and Chancery on the 19th of March and 15th of September.


MILL CREEK, P. O. 162 ms. from ly paper, 2 tanyards, 2 saddleries, 2 R. and 83 from W.


Bland.


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BOTETOURT.


BOTETOURT was created by act of Assembly in 1709, and formed out of a part of Augusta county. It is bounded N. by Alleghany,-N. E. by . Rockbridge,-E. by Bedford,-S. by Franklin,-S. W. by Montgomery,- and W. by Giles and Monroe. Its mean length is 37 miles-breadth 28; and area 1057 sq. ms. It extends in lat. from 37° 08' to 37° 46' N. and in long. from 2º 28' to 3º 19' W. of W. C. This mountainous and elevated county slopes in two directions,-the one eastward towards the general course of the James and Roanoke rivers, and the other northeastward to- wards the Great Valley, between the Blue Ridge and North mountains. - Salem on the Roanoke, and in the southern part of the county, is 1006 feet above tide water, and Pattonsburg on James river, in the northeastern part of the county, is 806 feet. The acclivity is rapid towards the western border on Pott's mountain, and the mean elevation of the arable soil may be assumed at 1250 feet. 'There is a great deal of very valuable fertile · land in this county. The great body of the county is drained by the James and its tributaries, but the southern angle by the Roanoke and its branches; both rivers are navigable from this county to tide water.


:: Population in 1820, 13,590 -- in 1830, 16,354. This county belongs to the 17th judicial circuit and 9th district. Tax paid in 1833, $3682 00 -in 1834 on lots, $259 61-on land, $2127 42-2634 slaves, $658 50 --


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5466 horses, 8327 96-23 studs, $245 00 -- 36 coaches, $98 85 -- 2 stages, $8 00-25 carryalls, 827 00-15 gigs, $9 00. Total, $3760 37. Ex- pended in educating poor children in 1832, 8982 58-in 1833, 8932 36. -


TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.


AMSTERDAM, P. O. 181 ms. W. of Sulphur Springs in Greenbrier, and R. and 240 from W., situated in a are held in the highest estimation by healthy part of the county, 15 ms. those who have used them. Accom .. from Buchanan, 16 from Salem, and modations are provided for 70 or 80 5 from Fincastle directly on the main persons. western post road. It contains 30


FINCASTLE, P. V. and seat of " houses, 1 house of public worship, justice, 176 ms. W. of R. and 235 S. free for all denominations, 1 general store, 1 tanyard, 3 blacksmith shops,


W. of W. in lat. 37º 28' and long. 2° 57' W. of W. C. A flourishing 1 cabinet maker, 1 wagon maker, and and wealthy village, situated on the 2 saddlers. Population 109 persons, right bank of Catawba creek. It of whom 1 is a physician.


contains besides the ordinary county


BIG LICK, P. O., situated in the buildings 260 dwelling houses, and southeastern part of the county, 53 mechanics shops, most of which are ms. S. W. of Lynchburg, 173 W. of built with brick, a Presbyterian, Epis- R. and 250 S. W. by W. of W.


copalian, and a Methodist house of worship, 1 male and 1 female acade- my, 1 well organized fire company, 1 temperance society, 3 taverns, 6


BOTETOURT SPRINGS, P. O. 189 ms. W. of R. and 246 from W., situ- ated on the main valley post road, leading from Winchester, Va. to mercantile stores, 2 druggist's shops, Knoxville, Ten., about 12 ms. W. of 1 manufacturing flour mill, to which is attached a wool-carding machine, and an oil mill. The mechanical es- Fincastle. The houses are sufficient for the accommodation of about 100 visiters,-are built of brick, and tablishments are,-1 printing office, handsomely arranged in the form of issuing a weekly papend confection- three sides of a square. The mine- ary, 2 clock and watch makers, 1 gun smith, 4 blacksmiths, 4 boot and ral spring contains "sulphur, magne- sia, and carbonic acid gas. There is shoe factories, 2 tailors, 2 hatters, 2 on the same tract a house of public worship, free for all denominations.


BUCHANAN, see PATTONSBURG. CLOVER DALE, P. O. 186 ms. W. of R. and 244 from W.


CRAIG'S CREEK, P. O. 243 ms. from W. and 184 from R .- 8 ms. W. of Fincastle.


tanners, 5 cabinet makers and house- joiners, 2 wheelwrights, 1 chair ma- ker, 1 copper-smith and tin-plate worker, 4 saddlers, 4 wagon makers, and 1 saddle-tree maker. . White population 468 persons; of whom 9 are attorneys, and 3 regular physi- cians; slaves 192, free colored 43,- total 703. The corporate powers are vested in 7 trustees, chosen annually.


DAGGER'S SPRINGS, situated in the northern part of the county, within two and a half miles of James river, County Courts are held on the 2d Monday in every month ;- Quarterly in March, June, August and Novem- ber 16 ms. above Pattonsburg and Buch- anan, on the road thence to the White Sulphur Springs, from which they are distant 42 ms., from Lexington JUDGE TAYLOR holds his Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chan- 22, and about the same distance from the Natural Bridge. The water is cery on the 1st of April and Sep- similar in quality to that of the Whiteltember.


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FLUKE's P. O. 163 ms. from R. two places are at present of about an and 241 from W.


HENDERSON's, P. O. 185 ms. from R. and 227 S. W. of W.


NEW CASTLE, P. V. 193 ms. from R. and 252 S. W. by W. of W, situ- ated in the western part of the coun- ty, in the fork of Craig's creek, 15 ms. S. W. of Fincastle. It contains 19 dwelling houses, 3 mercantile stores, 1 manufacturing flour mill, 1 powder and 1 oil mill, 1 wool card- ing machine, 1 tavern, 1 academy, and 1 house of public worship, (Me- thodist,) 1 iron foundry, 1 blacksmith shop, 2 boot and shoe factories, 1 tan yard, 2 cabinet makers, 1 hatter, 1 wagon maker, 1 saddler, 1 tailor, 1 house carpenter, and 1 boat builder. Population 105.


equal size, and contain together about 50 dwelling houses, 8 mercantile stores, 1 house of public worship, (a handsome brick building) free for all . denominations, 1 common school, 2 tobacco and 1 cordage and bagging factory, 1 foundry and tilt hammer manufactory, 1 grist and saw mill, (and one other in the vicinity,) . 1 to- bacco warehouse, at which the in- spection has been revived, also an in- spection of flour. The mechanical establishments are-1 tannery, 1 sad- dlery, 1 boot and shoe factory, 3 tai- lors, 3 smith shops, 1 thrashing ma- chine factory, and several wheel- wrights, carpenters and bricklayers. In addition to which several private residences and a considerable mer- cantile establishment are erecting in the vicinity of the western end of Buchanan. Population in both vil-


PATTONSBURG AND BUCHANAN, P. Villages, 181 ms. from R. and 223 N. W. of W. These two vil- lages were incorporated by an act of lages about 356 persons; of whom 2 Assembly of 1832-3. They are sit- are attorneys and 2 regular physi- cians. uated on James river, the first on the N. and the last on the S. side. The REBECER FORNA A 178 ms. from R. and 220 N. W. of W. This furnace and another four and a half miles distant from it, are the property of Mr D. J. Wilson; they are situated on Longs Entry creek, a branch of James river, within three and a half miles of the river, which is navigable thus far for boats of from four to seven tons burthen. The two are connected by a handsome, permanent toll-bridge across the river. They are 25 miles above Lexington, 12 below Fincastle, and 40 N. W. by W. of Lynchburg. The main western valley stage road runs thro' each of them, and the stage passes daily either up or down. The ad- "vantages for trade possessed by the two places above those of any other post'office is located 18 ms. S. W. of Fincastle, 22 N. E. of Lexington, and 15 ms. from Pattonsburg and Buchanan, and derives its name from the furnace. At these two es- tablishments called the Rebecca and the Jane furnaces, are employed 150 operatives, 87 of which are blacks, 'The former of these furnaces has been in operation 9 years, and has manufactured on an average from town in Western Virginia, are such as to insure their gradual if not rapid increase. The contemplated im- provements on James river, and the construction of roads opening a bet- ter communication with the adjacent counties, when completed, will great- ly increase the trade, and they will no doubt become the place of deposite not only for the produce of many of the western counties of Virginia, and 800 to 850 tons of pig metal per an- parts of Tennessee and Kentucky, but also of most of the goods now wagoned by land from the northern and eastern towns to the west.


num. The latter has been in opera- tion only one year, and manufactured an equal quantity. There is a White The Sulphur Spring adjoining the fur-


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nace property, similar in quality to the| 1020 feet above the level of the At- well known White Sulphur in Green- lantic. It contains 70 houses, includ- brier county, and is called by the ing mechanic shops, &c., 6 mercan- name of Dagger's or Wilson's tile stores, 3 taverns, 3 houses of pub- lic worship, (1 Methodist, 1 Presby- springs. This property has lately been sold to a gentleman of Rich- terian and 1 Baptist,) 2 female and mond, who has improved it in a hand- some style, so as to afford first rate accommodations. It must become a place of considerable resort, as it has


1 male school, 1 manufacturing flour mill, with a saw mill and wool carding machine adjoining, (and 1 other in the vicinity, with a saw for several years past been visited by mill annexed, both running 2 pair of from 2 to 300 persons, and has given buhrs and 2 pair of country stones relief where other springs have been and elevators,) I tan yard, 1 cabinet known to fail .- There is also a forge within 7 or 8 miles of these furnaces, known by the name of James river forge, at which are employed from 60


maker, 2 saddlers, 5 blacksmith shops, 1 boot and shoe factory, 2 tai- lors, 1 extensive wheat fan manufac- tory, several carpenters, 1 house to 100 operatives, principally black; painter, and 1 hat manufactory. The manufacturing from 2 to 300 tons of Roanoke navigation from Weldon, bar iron annually:


N. C. to this place is completed by SALEM, P. V. 180 ms. from R. and 256 S. W. of W., situated in the canals, sluices, &c .- distance from Weldon to Salem 244 ms. White southern part of the county, 60 ms. population 260 persons, of whom 2 S. W. of Lynchburg, in the Great Val- are attorneys, and 3 regular physi- ley between the Blue Ridge and cians; colored 90-total 350. North mountain, at an elevation of


BROOKE.


BROOKE was established by the Legislature in 1797, and taken from a portion of Ohio county. It is bounded N. by the Ohio river, which sepa- rates it from Columbiana co. Ohio,-W. by the same river, separating it from Jefferson co. of the same State,-S. by Ohio co. Va.,-and E. by Bea- ver and Washington counties of Pennsylvania. Its mean length is 31 ms, mean breadth 63 ; and its area 202 square miles. The surface of this county is very hilly, but the soil is very fertile.


.: Buffaloe, Cross, Haman's, Tomlison's, and a few other creeks of small- er size rise in Pennsylvania and flow through Brooke into the Ohio river. The products of the county are grain, iron, and bituminous coal. Popula- tion in 1810, 5,843-1820, 6,631-1830, 7,041. It belongs to the 20th judicial circuit, and 10th district. Tax paid in 1833, 81,312 37-in 1834. on lots, 8207 50-land, $721 48-110 slaves, $27 50-2896 horses, $173 76-18 studs, $114 00-7 coaches, 815 00-26 carryalls, $26 00 -- 5 gigs, $2 50. Total, $1,287 74. Expended in educating poor children in 1832, 8530 13-in 1833, 8476 28.


TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &O. ..


BETHANY, P. V. 375 ms. N. W. | It was founded in 1818, and is situ- ! of R. and 282 N. W. by W of W. ated 26 miles from the borough of


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HOLLIDAY'S COVE, P. O. 384 ms. beautiful stream of Buffaloe creek, 7 from R. and 291 N. W. of W. miles E. of the Ohio river. It is Holliday's Cove is situated near the centre of the county. It is a small but beautiful valley, of a semicircu- lar form, both ends of which termi- nate on the Ohio river, being 5 ms. in length and one broad. It deserves to be classed among the natural cu- riosities of Virginia. It is supposed surrounded by romantic scenery, and the creek curves around it in the exact form of a horse shoe, making a rich alluvial bottom of 120 acres. The surrounding country is hilly, variegated and very fertile, well wa- tered, and for salubrity of air it can- This village is the residence and the property of Alexander Campbell, the celebrated reforming Baptist preacher. It contains several dwelling houses, 1 house of public worship, 1 mercan- tile store, 1 manufacturing flour mill, and saw mill, a printing office, book- bindery, smith shop, and various other mechanical establishments. Bethany is about 16 ms. from Wheel- ing, 8 from Wellsburg, and 38 from Pittsburg, Pa. The products of the vicinity are flour, pork, beef and wool, The wool growing branch of husbandry is increasing, and the ar- ticle will soon become one of the chief staples in this part of the coun- try. Population 100.


not be surpassed in the United States. to have been once the channel of the river, or of one branch of it. Be- tween this and the present channel there is literally an island, the sum- mit of which is at least 400 feet above the level of the river, and upon which there are three or four fine plantations. It contains in all about 1000 acres of good land. The S.W. extremity of the valley opens in full view of the town of Steubenville, Ohio, and the northwestern opens on the Ohio immediately at the S. end of Brown's Island. The eastern side is washed by Harmon's creek, af- fording a very considerable amount of water power, which at present serves a woollen factory, 4 or 5 manu- facturing flour mills, and several saw mills. The flour manufactured at these mills, stands high in point of quality in the southern markets. The soil is first rate. The principal sta- ple is wool, of which three or four of the' farmers have raised for some years about 10,000 weight. The manufactures are woollen cloths, casi- netts, &c. and flour,-the average shipments of which from the valley is annually about 10,000 barrels; the principat part being manufactured in it. There is no wil own yet laid out, but rapidaimprovements are going np, on the principal road which is the great thoroughfare from Pitts- burg, Pa. to Steubenville .- There' are at present about 40 dwelling houses, 2 mercantile stores, and 2 taverns. The religious denomina- tions are Presbyterians and Christian Baptists. There are a missionary, at temperance, and sunday school socie


FAIRVIEW, P. O. 395 ms. from R and 302 N. W. by of W. Fairview or N. Manchester, is situated 20 ms. N. of Wellsburg, 2 from the Ohio river on the W. and 4 from the Penn- sylvania line on the E. Its situation is beautifully elevated and healthy. It was laid out in 1811 and now con- tains 22 dwelling Houses, 2 mercan- tile stores, 2 houses of public wor- ship, (Presbyterian,) and 1 common school, 2 tanyards, and 1 saddler. The other mechanics are tailors, boot and shoe makers, carpenters, stone cutters, chair makers, hatters, coop- ers, blacksmiths, and cabinet makers. In the vicinity there are 4 manufac- turing flour mills. New Manches- ter possesses many advantages as a place of business for the mechanic, manufacturer and merchant. Popula- tion 132 persons; of whom 3 are regular physicians.


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ty. The mechanics are, 3 black-}public worship, one Methodist, the smiths, 3 house carpenters, 1 stone other Reformed Baptist, 5 mercantile stores, 1 grocery and confectionary, and 2 shoe stores, 1 academy, in


mason, 2 boot and shoe factories, and 1 cabinet maker. This section of country has been truly styled the| which are taught the Greek and La- garden spot of Brooke county, and being so healthy bids fair to sustain a large and flourishing population, and perhaps no part of Virginia of- fers a greater opening for capitalists than this, especially for manufactu- rers. Fuel, &c. may be had for lit- tle or no expense, as the surrounding hills abound with inexhaustible mines of stone coal and timber of every description. Population about 300.


WELLSBURG, P. V. and seal of justice, 337 ms. from R. and 280 N. W. by W. from W., in lat. 41º 18' and long. 3º 36' W. of W. C. This is a healthy and wealthy vil- lage, beautifully situated on the left bank of the Ohio river, immediately above Buffaloe creek, 16 ms. above Wheeling, on a plain surrounded by a fertile, well improved and healthy country : and inexhaustible bodies of the best stone coal abound on all sides of the place; which is furnish- ed at from 4 to 5 cts. per bushel, to the different manufactories, as fuel to the citizens, and for shipping to the southern markets. The neighbor- hood is rich and cheerful and rapidly improving; the people feeling the benefit of the home market. This flourishing village contains, besides the ordinary county buildings, about 225 dwelling houses, 2 houses of on the 4th of May and October.


tin languages; 3 female and 1 male English school, 2 white flint glass- works, 1 glass-cutting establishment, (the machinery propelled by steam power,) 1 large cotton factory, with a front of 72 feet, and 4 stories high, now running 1200 spindles-employ- ing 60 operatives, 1 steam saw mill, which cuts 3000 feet of plank in 12 hours, 1 small woollen manufactory, 1 grist mill, 1 carpet factory, a card- ing machine, and salt manufactory, 1 extensive stone and red-ware pottery, 2 tan yards, 3 saddlers, 2 printing offices, each issuing a weekly paper, and various other mechanics, 2 ex -: tensive porter breweries, 3 large ware-' houses, 3 extensive manufacturing mills in the vicinity, one of which manufactured 10,000 barrels of flour the past year. There are between 30 and 40,000 barrels of flour exported annually, from this place in steam and flat boats to New Orleans. Its population is about 1400 persons, of whom 3 are resident attorneys and 4 regular physicians.


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County Courts are held on the last Monday in every month ;- Quarter .. ly in March, May, August and No- rember.


JUDGE FRY holds his Circuit Superior Courts of Law and Chancery


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CABELL.


CABELL was created by the legislature in the year 1809, and formed from a portion of Kanawha county,-It is bounded N. E. by Mason, E. by ! Kanawha, S. E. by Logan, W. by Sandy river, which separates it from Lloyd, Lawrence and Greenwich counties, of Kentucky, and N. by Ohio. river which separates it from Galia and Lawrence counties, of Ohio. Its mean length is 35 ms .; mean breadth 29}; and area 1,033 sq. mns. It ex- tends in lat. from 37° 55' to 38º 40' N. and in long . from 4º 45', to 5º 34' W. of W. C. Besides the great boundary rivers of Ohio, and great Sandy,


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Cabell is watered by Guyandotte river and 'Twelve Pole creek, both of which rise in Logan, and flow through this county, dividing it into three nearly equal parts; of these the former is much the largest and longest,-it flows through the county in a north eastern direction, and empties into the Ohio, a few ms. below Barboursville. 'The face of the country is broken and mountainous, and the soil for the most part rocky and barren. Popu -. lation in 1810,2,717-in 1820, 4,789,-during both of these periods Cabell: included about one-third of the present county of Logan, in 1830 when the county was reduced to its present limits, it contained 5,834. Tax paid in 1833, $666 14-in 1834 on lots, $33 51-on land, $315 30-313 slaves, 878 25-2,060 horses, 8123 60-16 studs, $73 00-1 coach, $2 00-2: stages, 84 00-6 carryalls, $6 00. Total, $635 66. Expended in edu- cating poor children in 1832, $280 76-in 1833, $207 25.


TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.


BROWNSVILLE, (see South Land-) ing.)


BARBOURSVILLE, P. V. and


GREENBOTTOM, P. O. 359 ms. from R. and 376 from W.


GUYANDOTTE, P. V. 352 ms. from Seat of Justice, 344 ms. N. W. of R. R. and 396 S. W. by W. of W., situ- and 393 S. W. by W. of W. in lat. 389 ated immediately on the banks of the 24', and long. 5º 12' W. of W. C. Ohio and Guyandotte rivers. It con- Barboursville is a handsome little yil tains about 40 dwelling houses, 5 mer- lage, situated on the eastern bank of antile stores, 1, house of public wor- Guyandotte river, 73 ms. from the ship, free for all denominations, t pri- mouth of Mind diver." The State turn- mary school, or steam, grist and sait pike which leads from the eastern mill, and a carding machine propelled part of the state, by the great watering by the same power, 1 tanyard, 1 sad- places, to the Kentucky line, passes through this village. A tri-weekly line of stages passes through the town to Guyandotte, where it meets a line of stages from Lexington, Kentucky, and a line of steam-boats from Cincin- nati. It contains besides the usual county buildings, 25 dwelling houses, 3 mercantile stores, 1 common school, 1 extensive manufacturing flour mill, 1 tan yard, 1 hatter, 2 blacksmiths, 1 tailor and various other mechanics. Population 150 persons; of whom 2 are attorneys, and 1 a regular physi- cian. dler, and 2 cabinet makers, with a number of other mechanics. This village is advantageously situated on a point of land formed by the conflu- ence of Guyandotte, with the Ohio.ri- ver .. . It possesses commercial facili- ties of a high order, but hitherto its local advantages have from a want of foresight or enterprise in its citizens, not been duly appreciated. Guyan- dotte is the western termination of the daily line of stages from Washington City and Richmond. It is much the most important point of steam-boat embarkation, as well as debarkation County Courts are held on the 4th in western Virginia, with the excep- Monday in every month :- Quarter- ly in March, June, August and No- vember. tion of Wheeling, and there is no good reason why it should not spee- dily attain to what nature designed it


JUDGE SUMMERS holds his Circuitf should be, a thriving and flourishing Superior Court of Law and Chance- ry on the 26th of April, and Septem- ber.


village. Population about 300 per- sons; of whom 1 is a regular physi- cian.


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SOUTH LANDING, or Brownsville, [of the situation, the fact that it is here P. V. 349 ms. from R. and 398 W. of the great Virginia turnpike first ap- W. South landing was incorporated proaches the Ohio, and various other considerations, that this is the point where, before many years, the daily line of stages from Fredericksburg and other places will meet the steam- boat packets, and where the great western Virginia landing will event- ually, be permanently fixed. - This town was laid off by the State. Engi- by an act of the Virginia legislature, some 3 or 4 sessions since, and 2 ses- sions before last, its name was changed to that of Brownsville. It is situated immediately on the Ohio river, 3 ms. below the mouth of Guyandotte, and where the James river and Kanawha turnpike first approaches the Ohio. It is admirably adapted for a point of giner, Mr. Crozet, three years since; landing, there being a sufficient depth but the proprietors of the land for va- rious causes, have not as yet, put the lots into market : there are, therefore, but 5 or 6 dwelling houses and 2 mer- cantile stores, yet established. But so of water at all seasons for steain, and other boats, to come up to the shore and ride in safety. It is already at- tracting notice in this point of view and a considerable portion of the pro- soon as the point shall be sufficiently duce of the surrounding country, has found its way to the various markets on the river below, through this point : and it is more than probable from the


known, and the lots put into market, it is expected improvement will rapid- ly progress, and Brownsville, become a place of no little note in western excellency of the landing-the beauty Virginia.




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