A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia, Part 22

Author: Martin, Joseph. ed. cn; Brockenbrough, William Henry
Publication date: 1835
Publisher: Charlottesville, J. Martin
Number of Pages: 1278


USA > Washington DC > Washington DC > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 22
USA > Virginia > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 22


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Part 4 | Part 5 | Part 6 | Part 7 | Part 8 | Part 9 | Part 10 | Part 11 | Part 12 | Part 13 | Part 14 | Part 15 | Part 16 | Part 17 | Part 18 | Part 19 | Part 20 | Part 21 | Part 22 | Part 23 | Part 24 | Part 25 | Part 26 | Part 27 | Part 28 | Part 29 | Part 30 | Part 31 | Part 32 | Part 33 | Part 34 | Part 35 | Part 36 | Part 37 | Part 38 | Part 39 | Part 40 | Part 41 | Part 42 | Part 43 | Part 44 | Part 45 | Part 46 | Part 47 | Part 48 | Part 49 | Part 50 | Part 51 | Part 52 | Part 53 | Part 54 | Part 55 | Part 56 | Part 57 | Part 58 | Part 59 | Part 60 | Part 61 | Part 62 | Part 63 | Part 64 | Part 65 | Part 66 | Part 67 | Part 68 | Part 69 | Part 70 | Part 71 | Part 72 | Part 73 | Part 74 | Part 75 | Part 76 | Part 77 | Part 78 | Part 79 | Part 80 | Part 81 | Part 82 | Part 83 | Part 84 | Part 85


FAYETTEVILLE, P. O. situated 50 ms. S. W. of W., in the southern part of the county.


BLACKWELL'S MILL, 116 ms. N. banks of the Rappahannock, 30 ms.


FOXVILLE, P. V. 108 mns. from R. and 64 W. of W .- situated on the from Fredericksburg. It contains 2 extensive manufacturing mills, 2 wool carding machines, I mercantile store, and several blacksmiths, and coopers. Large quantities of good slate are found in the neighborhood; in which there is also a mineral spring-said to be white sulphur-which is now a place of considerable resort .- The surrounding country is fertile and thickly settled with intelligent and in- dependent farmers.


GERMANTOWN, P. O. 95 ins. from R. and GI from W .- about the centro of the county.


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EASTERN VIRGINIA-FAUQUIER.


GRIGGSBY'S STORE, 127 ms. from R. and 61 from W.


LEE'S SULPHUR SPRING, on the Rappahannock, near Thompson's Falls, on the road from Warrenton to Jeffersonton, in Culpeper. This spring has been only known for a few years, but has become exceeding- ly popular, and attracts such a con- course in summer, as to have induced their enterprising proprietor (John Hancock Lee) to go to very great ex- pense in erecting large, pleasant, and commodious buildings; and laying out the grounds with great beanty, taste, and variety of ornamental trees, &c.


McRAEVILLE, P. O. 127 ms. from and 3 boot and shoe factories .- This R. and 53 from. W.


MORRISVILLE, P. V. in the south- ern part of the county .- 95 ms. from R. and 63 from W .- situated on the ter has never been known to invade stage road which leads from Fahonth to Washington, the county seat of Rappahannock county, 19 ms. from the former, 18 from Warrrenton, and 20 from Fredericksburg. It contains a general store, tavern, hatter, tailor, and its vicinity, have now entirely wheelwright, and blacksmith .-- The gone out of vogue. The valley in Baptists hold a monthly meeting at which Paris is located extends 5 or 6 this place. Population, 20 whites, and 18 blacks.


NEW BALTIMORE, P. V. 122 ms. from R. and 45 S. of W. from W .- situated in the eastern part of the county, on the post road leading from Warrenton to Alexandria, 5 miles from the former. It contains 17 dwel- ling houses, 1 flourishing Academy, incorporated 5 years since by the Le- gislature, and now in high estimation, 2 mercantile stores, a tanyard, wheel- wright, blacksmith, boot and shoe


OAK HILL, P. O. 122 ms. from! sician. R. and 58 S. W. by W. of W.


ORLEANS, P. O. distances omitted on the post office list.


PARIS, P. V. 131 ms. from R. and 58. S. W. by W. of W .- situated in the northern part of the county, at the foot of Ashby's Gap, in the Blue Ridge, and immediately at the june- tion of the roads leading from Alex- andria and Fredericksburg to Win- chester .-- It contains 25 dwelling houses, 3 mercantile stores, 1 house of public worship, free for all deno- minations, 1 common school, 2 sad- dlers, 1 cabinet maker, 1 tailor, 1 tur- ner, 2 smith shops, 1 wheat fan ma- ker, 2 wagon makers, 1 chair maker,


village enjoys a pure atmosphere, good water, and good health at all seasons; a disease of a local charac- it .- The people are intelligent and industrious; famed for their moral de- portment and hospitality .- The prac- tice of gaming and horse racing, once the favorite amusements of the place


miles southward of the village. The laud of the surrounding country is fertile, producing all the principle sta- ples of the state, and worth at an ave- rage price about twenty dollars an acre, falling however in value as it recedes from the mountain. Popula- tion 200 persons; one of whom is a physician.


RECTORTOWN, P. V. 129 ms. from R. and 53 S. W. by W. of W .- situ- ated a mile to the S. E. of Goose creek, in a very healthy and fertile factory, and 2 wheat fan factories on neighborhood. It contains 24 dwel- an improved plan-A. Colonization ling houses, 1 Methodist house of worship, 2 mercantile stores, 1 tavern, 1 saddler, 1 wagon maker, 3 black- Society, auxiliary to the State Society has recently been formed .- In the vicinity there is a Baptist house of smiths, 1 cabinet maker; I boot and worship, called Broad Run meeting! shoe maker, 1 tailor, 3 extensive mer- house. Population 115 persons; offchant mills, I saw mill, and I carding whom 2 are physicians.


machine. Population 100; one phy-


SOMERVILLE, P. V. 85 ms. from R. deoss


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and 73 W. of W .- situated near the week from Buckland to this place. S. E. border of the county, on the Population 250 persons; of whom main stage road leading from Fal. one is a physician. mouth to Winchester, 19 ms. from the former, 20 ms. S. E. of Warren- ton, 19 from Brentsville, 7 N. W. of Spottedville, and 5 S. E. of Elk Run; and at the intersection of the roads leading to those places. In the vi- cinity of the post office, is one large and flourishing male seminary, in which is taught all the usual branches of education taught in our schools, and averaging generally from 60 to 80 pupils; a tavern, mercantile store, blacksmith's shop, running several forges, and a cotton gin. The coun- try around is moderately fertile and thickly settled.


SALEM, P. V. in the northern part of the county, 117 ms. from R. and 63 W. of W. This village is laid out with one main street running E. and W .- nearly half a mile in length; and two cross streets, as yet unim- proved .- It is situated on the stage road leading from Warrenton to-Win- chester, 13 miles from the former, and 30 from the latter place, on a hand- some ridge, which divides the waters which flow through Goose creek into the Potomac, from those which flow into the Rappahannock. It contains 33 dwelling houses, 3 mercantile stores, 1. Academy, used as a place of public worship by all denominations, until a large and handsome brick meeting house, which is now being erected, shall be completed, 1 common school, 1 well organized Sunday school, and 3 taverns .- The. mecha- nies are, saddlers, tailors, boot and shoe makers, coach makers, wagon makers, blacksmiths, bricklayers, stone masons, plasterers and fancy. wall painters, house-joiners, &c. The principal article of trade is lumber, great quantities of which are brought from the country for some distance round. There is a tri-weekly stage running from Fredericksburg to Win- chester, and a cross mail 3 times a ber.


WALNUT BRANCH, P. O. 111 ms. from R. and 55 S. W. of W.


WARRENTON, P. V. and seat of justice, 107 ms. from R. and 51 S. W. by W. of W., in lat. 38º 41' N. & long. 0° 46' \V. of W. C .- It is a beau- tiful village situated near the centre of the county; and contains (besides the ordinary county buildings which are spacious and handsome, and erected at an expense estimated at $30,000,) 200 neat and closely built dwelling houses, 3 houses of public worship, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Episco- palian, 4 primary schools, 3 taverns, 1 private boarding houses, 2 printing offices, cach issuing a weekly paper, 4 wheelwrights, 1 coach maker, 3 saddlers, 1 hatter, 2 boot and shoc factories, 2 cabinet makers, 5 house carpenters, 1 blacksmith shops, 2 tai- lors, 2 clock and watch makers, 3 ba- kers, 1 tanner and curricr, 3 brewe- ries, 1 tin plate worker, 2 milliners, 1 mantuamaker, 1 house and sign paint- er, and 2 plough manufactories. This village has a regular market. which is held in a neat little building, the upper part of which is used as a Town Hall. Population 1300; of whom 3 are resident ministers, 9 attorneys, and 8 physicians. The Winchester, Fredericksburg, Alexandria, & Char- lottesville, post roads intersect cach other at right angles in Warrenton, which makes it quite a thorough-fare. Many travellers going south prefer this route as it gives them an oppor- tunity of viewing the rich counties at the foot of the Blue Ridge, Fauquier, Culpeper, Orange, Albemarle, &c. and of visiting the University of Vir- ginia. There is an excellent MeAd- amised turnpike from Warrenton to Alexandria.


County Courts are h .Id on the 4th Monday in every month; - Quarterly in March, May, August, and Norem


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EASTERN VIRGINIA-FLUVANNA.


JUDGE SCOTT holds his Circuit cantile stores, a cooper's shop, black- Superior Court of Law and Chancery on the Ist of April and September. WEAVER'S MILL, P. O. 114 miles


smith shop, and a boot and shoe fac- tory :- on the east or Fauquier side there are 3 dwelling houses, 1 grist from R. and 59 S. W. by W. of W. and 1 saw mill. Population of the WHEATLEY, P. V. 105 ms. from R. and 64 S. W. by W. of W .- situ- whole place 90. The Rappahannock river is at this place 100 yards wide, ated 25 miles above Fredericksburg, and has in the distance of a mile, a upon the Rappahannock, which di- fall of 44 feet, commencing above the vides the town and throws a part into village and terminating below. This Culpeper .-- On the Culpeper side the Rappahannock Company will there are 8 dwelling houses, 1 extensive evade by a canal which they have flour manufacturing mill, capable of commenced on the Fauquier side .- grinding 50,000 bushels of wheat in Vast quantities of building stone of the ordinary grinding season, 1 cotton excellent quality, may be found on gin, and wool-carding machine, 2 mer- both sides of the river.


FLUVANNA.


FLUVANNA was created by the Legislature in 1777, from a part of Al. bemarle county .- It is bounded N. by Louisa, W. by Albemarle, S. by James river, which separates it from Buckingham, and E. partly by Gooch- land, and partly by a bend of James river, separating it from Cumberland. It is in shape a parallelogram, approaching to a square, its border in com- mon with Albemarle is 26 miles, its mean breadth 16,-area 416 sq. miles. It extends in lat. from 37º 40' to 37º 58' N. and in long. from 1º 12' to 1º 43' W. of W. C. The Riranna river enters it from Albemarle, and flowing S. E. divides the county diagonally, leaving nearly half on the north side, and empties into James river at Columbia. The surface is for the most part broken, but between the Rivanna and James there is a large tract of barren, level land which runs for some distance into Albemarle. The soil on the rivers is good-that on the James equal perhaps to any of the cele- brated low grounds on that river. The lower part of the county,-included in a line drawn from the mouth of little Bremo creek to the N. E. angle of the county-has a dark greyish soil resembling disintegrated granite which produces the best chewing tobacco in the state. An eminent tobacco manufacturer of Richmond has offered the inhabitants of this district to take all of their tobacco, (lugs included,) at 810 a hundred, and pay all costs and charges for its delivery in Richmond.


The vein of gold which runs through Louisa, Goochland and Fluvanna into Buckingham, is worked near Palmyra, the county seat of Fluvanna. Population 1820, 6,704-in 1830, 8,221 .- This county belongs to the 11th judicial circuit and 6th district. Taxes paid in 1832-3, 82092 18-in 1833-4, on lots, 837 31-land, 81316 83-2093 slaves, 8523 25-1626 horses, $97 56-7 studs, 884 00-10 coaches, 826 25-20 carryalls, $24 05-30 gigs, 823 35. Total, 82132 60. Expended in educating poor children in 1832, 8166 83-in 1833, 8359 73.


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TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.


COLUMBIA, P. V. 52 ms. N. W. by [Superior Court of Law and Chance- W. of R. and 122 from W .- situated ry on the 1st of April and Septem- on the left bank of the Rivanna, at its ber. junction with the James .- It contains 20 dwelling houses, 4 mercantile stores, 2 taverns, 1 house of public worship, free for all denominations, 1 common school, 2 tailors, 3 boot and shoe factories, 2 cabinet makers, 1 wheelwright, 1 house carpenter, and 1 smith's shop. Population 85 whites, one of whom is a physician, 54 free colored persons, and 38 slaves. To- tal, 177.


LINDSEY'S CROSS ROADS, P. O. 1500 spindles, besides the necessary


80 ms. W. of R. and 123 from W.


PALMYRA, P. V. and seat of justice, 59 ms. N. W. by W. of R. and 136 S. W. of W., in lat. 37º 47' N. and long. 1º 29' W. of W. C .- situated on the Rivanna river, 14 ms. from its junction with the James. Besides the county buildings which are of brick, and have been recently erected, it contains 14 dwelling hous- es, 1 methodist house of worship, 1 mercantile store, 1 tavern, 1 merchant, grist and saw mill, 1 woollen factory, 2 saddlers, 2 tailors, 1 boot and shoe factory, 1 tanyard, 1 cabinet maker, and several carpenters and coopers. A handsome and permanent bridge is erected across the Rivanna. This village is thriving.


County Courts are held on the 4th Monday in every month ;- Quarter- ly in March, June, August, and No- rember.


JUDGE FIELD holds his Circuit


UNION MILLS, 68 ms. N. W. by WV. of R. and 122 from W., situated on the left bank of the Rivanna, on the post road, 25 miles from Colum- bia, and 16 from Charlottesville, in the midst of beautiful mountain and river scenery. At this place there are located, a merchant mill, grist and saw mill, and a cotton factory, called the VIRGINIA UNION FACTORY .- This factory owned by Messrs. Tim- berlake and Magruder, is a large and commodious brick building; it runs


machinery for carding, &c .- it con- tains 12 power looms, in which seve- ral hundred yards of substantial cloth are made per day. The cotton yarn of this establishment is in high repute throughout the state. More than 100 operatives are employed by the enter- prising proprietors in the different de- partments of their establishment .- The place contains comfortable houses for the accommodation of 18 or 20 families, a tanyard, and a methodist house of worship; besides the elegant dwellings of the proprietors.


WILMINGTON, P. V. 55 ms. N. W. by W. of R. and 132 from W., situated on Rivana river, 14 miles above its mouth. There are located here 2 taverns, 2 mercantile stores, and a blacksmith shop.


WINN'S TAVERN, P. O. 68 ms. N. W. by W. of R. and 142 from W. in the western part of the county.


FRANKLIN.


FRANKLIN was created by the Legislature in 1784, from parts of Bed- ford and Henry counties. It lies S. W. of Staunton river, and is bounded by the county of Botetourt on the N., Bedford on the N. E. and E., Pitt- sylvania on the S. E., Henry on the S., Patrick on the S. W., by the Blue



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Ridge, separating it from Floyd on the W. and a small part of Montgomery and part of Botetourt on the N. W. Length 30 miles, mean breadth 25, and area 750 square miles. It contains in lat. from 36° 46' to 37° 13' N. and in long. from 2º 41' to 3º 18' W. of W. C.


Black Water river and Pig river rise in the Blue Ridge on the west, and run nearly parallel with each other through the county to the east. Black Water emptying itself into the Staunton at the junction of the Bed- ford, Pittsylvania and Franklin lines; and Pig river emptying itself in the same stream in the county of Pittsylvania .- Neither river is navigable.


The streams called creeks are all small, though of sufficient size for the usual purposes of machinery. The principal of these are Snow creek, ris- ing in the mountain and running east into Pig river-Maggotty, rising in the Blue Ridge, running to the east into Black Water-Chesnut creek, run- ning to the east into Pig river-Gill's creek, rising in the Blue Ridge and running to the cast into Black Water-Runnett Bag, rising in the Blue Ridge and running to the S. E. into Smith's river, in the county of Patrick, and Nicholas creek, running south into Smith's river.


There are some small mountains-Chesnut mountain south of the court house about twelve miles, and the Grassy Hill, on the north, about a mile from the court house, are the largest. The others are small and deserve no particular notice. About half a mile cast of this place an immense rock rises very abruptly, particularly on the north, at least two hundred feet above its base, from which the county town takes its name-it is known as the Bald Knob, from its barren surface of rock-whose area is about eighty feet in length, by a mean breadth of about fifteen.


The Staunton or Roanoke river, from the point where it passes through the Blue Ridge, forms a natural boundary of the county, separating it from Bedford .-- The Blue Ridge from the same point forms another natural boundary on the north, separating Franklin from Botetourt, until it loses itself in the Alleghany at the Bent mountain, which then forms the boun- dary separating Franklin from Montgomery and Floyd, until it reaches the Patrick line.


The staples are principally tobacco, wheat, Indian corn and iron. The Washington Iron Works, on Pig river, within half a mile of Rocky Mount, yield annually about 150 tons of iron of a very superior quality. Iron ore is found in various parts of the county.


The slope of the county is E. S. E. The elevation of the surface is about equal to that of the adjoining county of Bedford, or about 650 feet above the tide of the ocean. The general face of the country is rolling- the soil of a medium quality, with a clay foundation, and generally well adapted to farming. Population 1820, 12,017-in 1830, 14,911 .- Frank- lin belongs to the tenth judicial circuit, and fifth district. Taxes paid in 1832-3 82182 19-in 1833-4, on lots, $19 35-land, 81131 12-2612 slaves, 8653 00-3159 horses, 8207 54-14 studs, 8146 00-8 coaches, $21 00-0 carryalls, 89 00-12 gigs, 87 35. Total, 82194 36. Ex- pended in educating poor children in 1832, $518 50-in 1833, $1188 55.


TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.


BooN's MILLS, P. O. 184 ins. S. | CALLOWAY'S MILL, P. O. 193 ms. W. of R. and 262 S. W. by W. of S. W. by W. of R. and 271 from W. W.


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COOPER'S P. O. 172 ms. S. W. byly in March, June, August and No- W. of R. and 250 from W.


DICKENSON, P. O. 201 ms. S. W. of R. and 279 from W.


HALEFORD, P. O. 169 ms. from R. and 242 from W.


HELM'S, P. O. 203 ms. from R. and 281 S. W. of W.


HUNTER'S HALL, P. O. 196 ms. S. W. by W. of R. and 274 from W.


Pig river, a tributary of Roanoke, in lat. 36° 57' N. and long. 2º 50' W. of W. C. It contains besides the usual county buildings, about 30 dwelling houses, 3 general stores, and 2 taverns .- The mechanics are 2 tai- lors, a saddler, cabinet maker, 2 black- smiths, a boot and shoe manufacturer, a printing office, which issues a week- ly paper, and a tinyard .- In the vi- cinity there is an iron furnace and forge, which give employment to 100 on Pig river is an extensive manufac- óperatives, and manufacture about 160 turing flour mill, and a wool and cot- ton manufactory. Population 25 per- sons; of whom one is a physician. tons of bar iron and castings annually. Population (exclusive of the persons employed in the iron manufactory) 175 persons; of whom 3 are attor- neys, and 1 a physician.


County Courts are held on the 1st Monday in every month ;- Quarter-


vember.


JUDGE SAUNDERS holds his Cir- cuit Superior Court of Law and Chan- cery on the 9th of May and October. SHADY GROVE, P. O. 217 ms. from R. and 305 S. W. of W.


TAYLOR'S STORE, P. O. 173 ms. S. W. by W. of R. and 251 from W. situated 12 ms. E. of Rocky Mount.


ROCKY MOUNT, P. V. and scat of UNION HALL, P. V. 201 ms. from justice 185 ms. from R. and 263 S. R. and 276S. W. of W .- situated near W. of W .- situated on a branch of the Blue Ridge mountain, between Pig and Black Water rivers, on the main stage road leading from Henry C. H. to Lynchburg, at the intersec- tion of the road from Pittsylvania C. FI. to Rocky Mount. It contains 15 dwelling houses, 1 Methodist house of worship, at which an English school is kept, and one well organised tem- perance society. The mechanics are a tanner, tailor, blacksmith, and to- bacco manufacturer. In the vicinity


WOODPECKER'S LEVEL, P. O. 208 ms. from R. and 286 S. W. of W .- situated in the western part of the county, 23 ms. east of Rocky Mount. -


GLOUCESTER.


GLOUCESTER was created by the Legislature in 1652, from a part of York county. It is bounded N. by the Piankatank river, which separates it from Middlesex,-E. by Mathews and an arm of the Chesapeake formed by the mouth of York river, and Mob Jack bay,-S. by York river, which separates it from York county,-S. W. by the same river, separating it from James City county and New Kent, and N. W. by King and Queen county. Length 28 miles, mean width 10, and arca 280 square miles. It extends in lat. from 37° 15' to 37° 35', and in long. from 0° 14' to 0° 42' E. of W. C. The principal products of this county are corn, cotton, and wheat,- much barley was formerly raised, but from some unknown cause the lands have ceased to be adapted to its cultivation. Population 1820, 9,678-in 1830, white males, 217-females, 2197-total, 4314-slaves, males, 2885 -females, 2806-total, 5691-free colored persons, males, 275-females, 328-total, 603. Number of families, 911; average number in cach family


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EASTERN VIRGINIA-GOOCHLAND.


11; number of persons to the square mile, 35. Gloucester belongs to the fourth judicial circuit, and second district. Taxes paid in 1832-3, 82180 91-in 1833-4, on lots, $389 00-land, $790 66-3042 slaves, 8760 50 -1220 horses, $73 20 -- 4 studs, $76 00-64 coaches, 8139 60-9 car- ryalls, 810 00-214 gigs, $118 65-total, 82172 50. Expended in edu- cating poor children in 1832, $125 42-in 1833, $334 73.


TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.


GLENN'S P. O. 89 ins. E. of R. [houses of public worship, within the and 148 from W.


GLOUCESTER C. H. P. V. 82 ms. E. of R. and 166 from W .- sitn- ated near the centre of the county, 2 miles from the head of Ware river, and 14 from Gloucester ferry. It contains a court house, clerk's office, a criminal and a debtors jail, 8 dwel- ling houses, 1 incorporated Academy for males, called 'Newington,' and one female Academy, 4 mercantile stores, and 1 tavern. The mechanics are a wheelwright, 2 carriage makers, 3 blacksmiths, a boot and shoe facto- ry, and 2 tailors. There are eight


circumference of 14 miles from the court house, of which 2 are Episco- palian, 2 Baptist, and 4 Methodist. Population 120.


The mail between Washington City and York Town passes this office four times a week, and between Rich- mond and Mathews twice a week.


County Courts are held on the first Monday in every month ; - Quarterly in March, May, August and Novem- ber.


JUDGE BROWN holds his Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery on the 24th of May and October.


GOOCHLAND.


GOOCHLAND was created by the Legislature in 1727, from a part of Hen- rico. It is bounded, on the W. by Fluvanna, N. by Hanover and Louisa, E. by Henrico, and S. by James river, which separates it from Powhatan and Cumberland. It is 30 miles in length by about 10 in mean breadth, containing 300 sq. miles. It extends in lat. from 37° 31' to 37° 51' N. and in long. from º0 47' to 1º 20' W. of W. C.


The general surface of the county is undulating, in some places rather broken. In diverging from the river it becomes more level and uniform, particularly in the upper part of the county. There is great diversity of soil, though much that is now exhausted and abandoned for all purposes of cultivation, was naturally of good and improvable quality. By far the finest portion of the county is that in the vicinity of James river. Perhaps there is no other tract of similar extent in eastern Virginia, that combines equal natural advantages with so much fertility of soil and beauty of scenery. The width of the low grounds which form the ravine of the river, and the bold features of the adjacent highlands, present a pleasing and striking con- trast. Added to this, an improved system of husbandry has been generally adopted throughout this section within a few years, the good effects of which are decidedly manifest. But though the lands in the vicinity of the river are undoubtedly much finer than in other parts of the county, yet they are in many places of excellent quality, and easily susceptible of improvement. The chief products are corn, wheat, tobacco and oats. Wheat and tobacco


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EASTERN VIRGINIA-GOOCHLAND.


are the staple commodities for market, though the extent to which the latter is cultivated has been much circumscribed of late years.


Goochland is well watered, particularly in the lower part by good streams, which mostly empty into James river. On many of these, there is water power to a considerable extent, but none of it is employed for domestic manu- factures. Saw and grist mills are numerous.


Roads and Canals .- The most important local improvement in the county is the Tuckahoe canal, which was excavated about the year 1828. It was projected for the purpose of conveying the coal on Tuckahoe creek to Richmond, and is exclusively within the county. It communicates with the James river canal by means of a lock. Being constructed upon eco- nomical but efficient principles, the stock has proved to be exceedingly valu- able. The only good road in the county, and one of the best between the Blue Ridge and Tide Water, is the main stage road leading by the court house, from Richmond to Charlottesville. A laudable pride is felt, to keep this highway in good repair. There are sections of other roads, preserved in good order; but generally speaking, the road laws are executed with very little attention to public convenience. The Three Chopped road is almost as much famed for its often impassable condition as the well known bog of the Choppawamsic.




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