A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia, Part 67

Author: Martin, Joseph. ed. cn; Brockenbrough, William Henry
Publication date: 1835
Publisher: Charlottesville, J. Martin
Number of Pages: 1278


USA > Washington DC > Washington DC > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 67
USA > Virginia > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 67


Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).


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The City is divided into six wards, out under the supervision of GENE- the following table gives a correct RAL WASHINGTON (then President statement of the census, assessments, and valuations of each, up to Decem- of the United States) in 1791. The principal streets are called avenues, ber 31, 1830. Agreeably to the last and named after the different states of census


TAX-56 cfs.


WARDS.


CENSUS.


BUILDINGS. LOTS.


PERSONAL.


TOTAL.


ON $100. .


First


3,678


657,833


760,494 153,150


1,571,477


8,800 27


Second


4,049


724,705


752,538


. 139,890


· 1,617,133


9,055 94


Third


5,751


1,105,855 1,132,336


200,420


2,438,611


13,656 22


Fourth


1;861


253,100


290,603


45,120


588,823


3,297 40


Fifth


1,357


174,410


334,986


24,475


533,871


2,989 67


Sixth


2,131


209,139


217,075


37,225


463,435


2,595 23


Total,


18,827


3,125,038 3,488,032


600,280


7,213,350 40,394 76


The Number of buildings erected [the winter season about 300 hands .. in the City in 1830 was, 178,-86 of which were of brick and 92 of wood. The total number of buildings in 1831 was, 3,560,-of these there were pub- lic 65-dwellings, 3,233, and 262 shops and warehouses.


In the, stores, and particularly on the Pennsylvania avenue, there is a great variety, well supplied, contain- ing every description of dry goods, groceries, hardware, china, glass, drugs, millinery, confectionery, fruit, clothing, hats, shoes, boots, books, sta- tionery, leather, chairs, plate, jewel- lery, in short, every article of neces. sity or ornament.


The Mechanic Arts .- The print- ing business, by the agency of steam und hand labor, alone employs during


There are four daily papers exten- sively circulated; also 4 weekly, cir- culated extensively. Book-binding, engraving, cabinet making, tobacco. manufacturing, hatting, saddlery, shoe: and boot making, tailoring, coacht making, blacksmith's work, gun -. smiths, &c. are extensively carried on and employ a number of work- men. Not less than 8 or 9 millions of bricks are made annually, employ- ing nearky 200 hands in the warm; weather. Bricklayers, carpenters,: painters, glaziers, and in short, every. mechanic connected with the erection of buildings, are extensively engaged. in the summer season.


The population of Washington has. increased. rapidly, and from its being;


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the seat of the government of thefin 1803, 4,352; in 1807, 5,652; in county, and its salubrious and healthy 1810, 8,208; in 1817, 11,299; in location, it must continue to augment in number.


. In 1800 its population was 3,210;


1820, 13,246; and in 1830, 18,827, consisting of


White Persons.


Free. Colored.


Slaves.


Total.


Males,


6,581


1,342


1,010


8,933


Females,


6,798


1,787


1,309


9,894


Total,


13,379


3,129


2,319


18,827


1


THE PUBLIC BUILDINGS in Wash- mac, as far as Alexandria .- It is of ington are numerous and many of the Corinthian order, and the most them elegant. Among these the first magnificent edifice in the U. States. in rank is the CAPITOL,-it stands on a most beautiful eminence, command- It is situated near the western extremi: ty of the Capitol square ; it is built of ing a complete view of every part of free stone, and composed of a central the City, and a considerable part of edifice and two wings, and is of the the country around, with the Poto- following dimensions, viz :


Feet. Inches.


Length of front,


350


5


Depth of wings,


121


6


Eastern projection, -


65


Western do.


85


Height of wings to top of balustrade,


70


Central Dome,


120


Length of Representatives' Hall,


96


Height of do. do.


60


Length of Senate Chamber,


74


Height of do. do.


42


Height of Rotunda,


96


Diameter of do.


96


The REPRESENTATIVES' HALL is[ wheel of the car is intended as the face of, a clock, which is to be placed behind, and the front contains in bas- so relievo a figure of FAME, and a profile bust of WASHINGTON. Above the Speaker's chair, is a colossal fi; gure of LIBERTY, in plaster, pointing to the Hall below, and supported on the right by an American Eagle- and on the left by the Roman fasces, which are partially enveloped in the folds of a serpent. Immediately un- der this figure, on the frize is carved in alto relievo another Eagle in the


in the second story of the south wings and is semicircular in forin. The dome and galleries of the Hall, are supported by pillars of variegated marble from the banks of the Poto- mac. This apartment is truly mag. nificent. . In front of the Speaker's chair, and over the entrance into the Chamber, stands an allegorical figure, -formed of Italian marble, repre- sonting HISTORY in the act of re- cording the proceedings of the nation. She stands on a winged car, which seems to roll over a section of the attitude of flying:


THE . SENATE CHAMBER in the


terrestrial globe, exhibiting in basso relievo the signs of the zodiac. Thejnorth wing is of the same semi-cir-


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DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,


cular form, a screen of Ionic columns, square feet, exclusive of its enclosure with capitols after those of the tem -! for fuel; and an elegant area and gla- ple of Minerva Polias, supports a gal- cis on the west front.


lery to the east, and forms a lobby be- low,-and a new gallery of iron pil- lars and railings, of a light and ele- gant structure, projects from the curv- ed walls,-the dome ceiling is enrich- ed with square caissons of stucco. The intervals between the marble pi- lasters in the wall are covered with straw-colored drapery. Columns of Potomac marble, support the - eastern gallery.


The square contains 22{ acres, em- bracing a circumference of three- fourths of a mile, and 185 feet, en- closed by a substantial iron railing with very neat gate-ways. Gravel walks, and beautiful borders of shrub- bery and flowers, forming a delight- ful promenade for the use of the citi- zens Opposite to the west front is the botanic garden ground, a situa- tion well adapted for the purpose, which it is supposed will be placed under the care of the Columbian In- stitute. "At the west front of the Capitol is placed the beautiful marble monument (which lately stood in the navy yard) erected by the American officers, to the memory of their breth- ren who fell before Tripoli in the year 1304. It is a small doric co- lumn, with emblematical embellish- ments, and crowned with an eagle in


tured in basso relievos, representing Tripoli,-its fortress,-the Mediter, ranean and our fleet in the fore- ground and on each angle stands an appropriate marble figure. The one represents Columbia directing the at- tention of her children to History, who is recording the daring and in- -the third represents Fame with a wreath of laurel in one hand and a pen in the other; and the fourth, Mer,. cury, or the God of commerce, with his cornucopia and caduceus.


den incursion, after defeating the trepid action of the American heroes, American troops at Bladensburg. gained possession of the City, setting fire to the Capitol, President's house, public offices, &c. reducing the whole to ashes, together with the valuable library of Congress. The founda- THE PRESIDENT'S HOUSE is two stories high with a lofty basement, and is 180 feet long and 85 wide. To tion of the north wing was laid in the presence of Gen. Washington on the 18th of Sept. 1923, and finished in each end there is attached the neces- 1800, -- cost $430,262 57 .--- South sary offices, stables, coal and ice hous- es, with a colonnade front rising to a level with the main floor of the house ;. the roofs being flat these offices afford a terrace suitable for a promenade. It , building is 170 feet in front and 86 wing commenced in 1803, and finish- ed in 1808,-cost $209,808 41, -- and the centre, on the 24th of May, 1818, being the anniversary of its destruc- tion by the British, and finished in is built of white free stone .- The 1827-cost 8957,647 35. The build- ing covers an acre and a half, or 1820 deep, and is crowned with a balus-


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THE ROTUNDA occupies the cen- tre. This is the principal entrance from the east Portico and west Stair, and leads to the legislative halls and library, which contains 16,000 vo- lumes. This room is divided in its circuit into pannels, by lofty Grecian pilasters, which support a bold en- tablature, ornamented with a wreath of olive .- A hemispherical dome ris- es above, filled with large plain cais- sons, like those of the Pantheon at the act of flying. Its base is sculp- Rome. The pannels of the circular walls are appropriated to paintings and basso relievos of historical sub -! jects. This noble edifice was not quite completed when the British ar- my under Gen. Ross, (who was af- terwards slain in battle near Balti- more) in August, 1814, made a sud-1


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WASHINGTON CITY.


trade; the roof is covered with cop-[elevation of the north front 72 feet,- per, and the entrance from the north its Rotunda is 66 feet in diameter,- and Courtroom 70 by 40.


is through a lofty portico, which is projected from the front, so as to leave room for a carriage to pass under be- tween the platform and outer columns. near the City Hall.


The house stands on an elevation


'There is a Masonic Hall which is a handsome edifice, lately erected


There are also four well supplied of 44 feet above the usual high water market-houses,-an infirmary,-a fe- of the river Potomac, in the centre of male orphan asylum,-a jail,-a the- a large reservation of ground of 20 atre,-5 extensive hotels,-a foundry, -several breweries,-a museum and City Library. acres. The front entrance faces north, upon an open square, and the garden front to the south, possessing a de- There is a Penitentiary provided for the use of the District, which is Innder the following rules and regula. lightful water prospect, together with a commanding view of the Capitol, and the most important parts of the tions: City. The Virginia and Maryland Of the reception and discharge of convicts. shores of the river, and Potomac bridge, and of the opposite view to the south, is extremely beautiful and picturesque. It is an elegant build- ing and stands about one and a half miles from the Capitol.


The entrance is subdivided into halls, sets of apartments for the ac- commodation of a large family, and for the reception and entertainment of numerous guests. Liberal provisions have been made by Congress from time to time for furnishing the build- ing in a style appropriate to its ele- gance and uses to which it is dedi- cated.


There are on the same open area on which the President's house is lo- cated, four other buildings, quadran- gular in shape, two stories high, built of brick and Stuccoed. Of these the two on the east are the Departments of State and the Treasury *- those on the west, the Departments of War and the Navy. 'The General Post . Office is on Pennsylvania Avenue, and the Patent Office is kept in the and if the convict can write, his or: same building.


The City Hall is not yet comple- ted, but the plan is that of a noble


structure. Its front is 200 feet,-the of the conviet, as well as his clothes,


* The Treasury building was consumed by fire in the summer of 1833, and has not since been rebuilt, but'will soon be com- menced.


3d. All the effects on the person shall be taken from him, and preserv- ed and taken care of, if worth it, by the Warden, to be restored to him on' his discharge.


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" 1st. On the arrival of a convict, immediate notice shall be given to the Physician, who shall examine the state of his health. He shall then be stripped of his clothes, and clothed in the uniform of the Prison, as hereaf- ter provided ; being first bathed and cleaned, and having his hair cut close, as prescribed by law.


2d. Ile shall then be examined by the Warden and Clerk, in the pre- sence of as many of the keepers as can conveniently attend, that they may. become acquainted with his person and countenance, and his name, height,' apparent age, alledged place of na- tivity, complexion, color of hair and- eyes, and length of feet, to be accu- ratel measured, and all visible scars or marks, the Court convicted in, and crime found guilty of, and length of sentence, shall be entered in a book: provided for that purpose, with such other general description, as may tend. to his or her future identification;' her signature shall be written under the suid description of the person.


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: 4th. The convict shall be instruct-|portion, as possible, taking into con- ed carefully by the officers, in the rules sideration age, health, & c. and regulations of the Prison, by which he is to be governed ; and if in health, shall there be put to work, at such trade as he knows, if practica- ble; if not, or he has no trade, the Warden shall select such trade or em- ployment as seems best suited to his strength and capacity.


5th. When a convict shall be dis- charged, by the expiration of the term for which he was sentenced, or by pardon, he shall take off the Prison uniform, and have the clothes brought by him to the Prison, restored to him; or, if they are unfit, a new, cheap, and suitable laborer's dress, with the other property or effects, if any, taken from him on his commitment.


6th. When a prisoner is discharg- ed, it shall be the duty of the War- den, if practicable, to learn from him his former history, the means of mo- ral and religious instruction enjoyed by him, the early temptations to crime, to which he was exposed, or by which he was assailed, his habits, predomi- nant passions, and prevailing vices,


4th. The hour for breakfast, from the 20th March, to the 20th of Sep- tember, shall be 7 o'clock, A. M .; and in what part of the country he and, from the 20th September, to the intends to fix his future residence; all 20th March, 8 o'clock. The hour of which shall be entered by the Clerk, in a book to be kept for that purpose, together with his name, age, and time of discharge.


. 7th. If the Inspectors and Warden have been satisfied with the industry, good arder, and morality . of his con- duct, they shall give him a certificate to that effect.


Rations and clothing.


1st. The ration for each man per day, shall be


12 oz. of pork or 16 oz. of beef;


10 oz. of wheat flour, not bolted;


12 oz. of Indian meal;


¿ gill of Molasses;


.


2d. Salt pork and salt beef shall be furnished alternately, each three days : and fresh beef once in each week, or oftener, if the Warden shall see fit and proper: all the articles to be of good quality, and sound.


3d. The clothing for each convict shall be a roundabout, or over jacket, a vest and pantaloons, made of wool, for the winter, and cotton or linen, for the summer: with stripes running round the body and limbs, a cap of the same cloth, leather shoes, and woollen socks, and shirts of coarse cotton or linen. Each convict shall have a mattrass, two blankets. made of coarse woollen yarn, not less than 12 yards wide, and 23 yards long, one coarse sheet, of the same size. They shall not be permitted to lie down, or to rise up from their beds, until no- tice given by the bell, for that pur- pose; nor shall they be permitted to sleep in their clothes.


for dinner shall be 1 o'clock, P. M. The convicts shall be allowed forty. . five minutes at breakfast, and one hour at dinner; at the expiration of which time, they shall be turned out of their cells, and again put to labor. Duties of covvicts. .


Ist. Every convict shall be. indus- trious, in the performance of any du. ty assigned to him, he shall labor dili -. gently, and in silence, and obey im- plicitly, the orders of the officers of the institution.


2. No convict shall secrete, or hide, or carry about his person, any instru- ment or thing, with intent to make his escape, or in any other manner en- deavor to make his escape.


and 2 quarts of rye, 4 quarts of salt, 4 quarts of vinegar, 1} oz. of pepper; and 2} bushels of potatoes to each 100 3d. No convict shall dispute, quar- rations. The rations of the women rel with, or in any manner misbehave and boys, shall be as nearly in pro- to another convict, nor converse with


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WASHINGTON CITY.


any other prisoner, without the leave, be mitigated or suspended by the vi- or by the order of an officer; nor ab- sent himself from his work, nor look at, or speak to visitors, nor go into the prison yard, without orders, nor go into the lodging rooms, after be-


siting inspector, at his next weekly visitation; or by the Board of Inspec- tors, at their monthly meeting; and to whom such cases of punishment shall be regularly reported, by the ing turned out in the morning, till or- Warden, with the nature, particulars, dered, nor leave the hospital, when unwell, and sent there.


4th. No convict shall drink any spirituous, vinous, or fermented li- quors, unless prescribed by the phy- sician, when sick in the hospital, nor game in any form, or by any device whatsoever, nor chew or use tobacco.


5th. No convict shall write or re- ceive a letter, to, or from any person whatever, nor have intercourse with persons without the prison, by any other means.


. 6th. No convict shall burn, or in any other manner waste, destroy, or injure, any raw materials, or manu. factured articles, or other public pro- perty, nor deface or injure the prison, or any of the buildings or fixtures connected with it.


7th. No convict shall laugh, dance, whistle, sing, run, jump, or do any thing which will tend to alarm or dis- turb the prison.


8th. Convicts shall always conduct lege classes:


themselves towards the officers of the institution, with deference and re- spect: and cleanliness in their per- sons, dress, and bedding, is required.


9th. When theconvicts goto meals. or to, or from the shops, they shall proceed in regular order, in silence, marching in the lock step, accompa- nied by their proper officers. They shall eat their meals, till a common hall is provided, in their respective cells.


Punishments.


Ist. For the violation of any of the foregoing rules and regulations, the vol. 1. finished; Irving on Composi- offenders shall be punished by the


and aggravation of the offences."


THE COLUMBIAN COLLEGE, -- founded by the Baptists, and incorpo- rated by Congress in 1821, went into operation in 1822. It has an elevated and pleasant situation to the north of the city, one mile from the President's house, and two and a half miles from the Capitol. Its buildings consist of a College edifice of 4 stories, 117 feet by 46, having 48 rooms for students, a chapel, &c .; another edifice of the same dimensions is erected, and con- nected with the first by a building of one story, 80 feet by 40, designed for a rufrectory ; a philosophical hall and 2 houses for professors. The College has a good philosophical apparatus and library of 4000 volumes. The only publie aid which it has received was a grant from Congress of 825,- 000.


'The following is the course of study, Studies and text-books of the Col-


Freshman Class .- Græca Majora, vol. I. begun; Livy, first 5 books; Adams'. Roman Antiquities; Cam- bridge Course of Mathematics, com- prising, 1. Lacroix's Arithmetic, 2. Euler's Algebra, 3. Legendre's Ge- ometry, begun; Worcester's Geogra- phy, Murray's Grammar; Walker's' Rhetorical Grammar; writing trans-' lations of select portions of the Latin and Greek Classics, and declamations weekly; revision of some of the stu- dies required for admission.


Sophomore Class .- Græca Majora, tion; Hedge's Logic; Legendre's Warden, with confinement, in a soli- Geometry, finished; 4. Lacroix's Al- tary cell, on a diet of bread and wa- gebra; 5. Analytic Geometry, com- ter, not exceeding twenty days, for prising Plane and Spherical Trigo- each offence; but subject, however, to nometry, and the Application of Al-



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DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,


gebra to. Geometry, particularly to


A preparatory school is connected Conic Sections, begun; S. E. Morse's with the College, in which pupils are Geography; Tytler's General Histo- ry, Horace, Latina Excerpta; compo- sition and declamation weekly.


fitted for admission to the Freshman, or higher classes, studies, reading, writing, English Grammar, Arithme-


Junior Class .- Græca Majora, vol. tic, and Geography. Adams' Latin Grammar, Historia Sacra, Cæsar's Commentaries,-Virgil, Sallust and Cicero's Select Orations, Valpy's Greek Grammar, the Gospels, and sion to the Freshman class, a know- ledge of these studies, or an equiva-


de Officiis, de Senectute, and de Ami- citia ; Paley's Moral Philosophy ; There are also connected with this establishment a medical department, large and commodious building has Natural History ; Chemistry, Camp bell's Philosophy of Rhetoric; de- which was organized in 1824, and a clamation and composition.


Senior Class .- Græca Majora, Vol. been erected for the use of the Institu- II. finished; Cicero de Oratore ; se- tion, on 10th st. about equi-distant lect portions of Homer's Iliad; 7. Differential and Integral Calculus ;


from the Capitol and the President's house. 'T'his building is large and Farrar's Natural Philosophy, finish- commodious, consisting of 3 elevated ed ; Stewart's. Philosophy of the stories, with a roof peculiarly con- Mind; Paley's Evidences; Butler's structed for the admission of light in- Analogy ; Vattel's Law of Nations; to all the apartments appropriated to Constitution of the United States; anatomical purposes. Kent's Commentaries, Vol. I. decla- mation and composition. .


On the ground floor is the Lecture Room, Laboratory, &c. of the Profes-


The higher Classes are admitted to sor of Chemistry.


courses of Lectures on Natural Phi- The second story contains the rooms, public and private, of the Pro+ Medicine and of Materia Medica, and losophy, Anatomy and Physiology, Chemistry, Botany Moral and Intel- fessors of the Theory and Practice of lectual Philosophy.


'The College year. is divided into of the Institutes of Medicine and Med- two sessions, of about five months ical Jurisprudence.


each ; the first, from the, second. Wed- nesday of January, to the first Wed- In the third is the Anatomical Theatre, together with rooms occu- nesday of June, when the summer pied by the Professors of Anatomy, vacation of two months occurs : the Surgery and Obstetrics.


'The theatre is designed from the


second, from the first Wednesday of August, to the third Wednesday of most approved plans, and is conve- December, when the annual com- niently connected with the rooms sit- uated in the superior part of the build- ing, which are intended for the pur- mencement takes place, and the win- ter vacation of one month begins.


On occasions of great interest, the pose of Practical Anatomy. In rela- students are permitted to hear the ar- tion to this particular department of guments in the Supreme Court of the the school, care has been taken to United States, and the debates in provide space, light and security, to- Congress.


gether with every other specific con-


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II. begun; Blair's Lectures on Rhe- toric ; Paley's Natural 'Theology; Analytic Geometry, finished ; 6. 'To- pography, or the Application of Ge- ometry to Projections, Dialling, Men- Jacobs' Greek Reader. For admis- -suration of heights and distances ; Navigation, Nautical , Astronomy, Surveying, Levelling,. &c. Farrar's lent, is required. Geometry, Alege- Natural Philosophy, begun; Cicero bra and other higher studies, are also


pursued in this school. .


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WASHINGTON CITY.


venience that may afford to. the stu- dent facility in prosecuting to advan- tage this necessary part of his colle- giate studies.


The Professor of Anatomy has fur- nished himself with all theAnatomi- cal preparations which are necessary to his course, and with a large col- lection of valuable drawings, by which the structure, of those minute parts which cannot be fully displayed with- in the recent or proposed subject, are exhibited to view on a magnified scale.


The Professor of Chemistry is in possession of an extensive apparatus, by the aid of which, all the important, experimental illustrations, belonging to his department, are presented to the class.


The ticket of each Professor is $15; and all persons who have attended two full Courses, at this School, are entitled to attend succeeding Courses free of expense.


The requisites for graduation are similar to those required in the most respectable institutions in the country. The candidate must have studied 3 years under the direction of some re- gular physician. He must have at- tended each Professor two full Cour- ses, or he shall have attended one full Course in this School and one in some other respectable medical insti- tution. He must have entered his name with the Dean as a candidate for graduation, and delivered to him an inaugural dissertation on some medical subject, 30 days before the close of the session.


The lectures commences on the 1st Monday in November, and continue till the last of February. The fee for the lectures on each branch, is $15 or 90 for the whole Course ;- the ma- triculating, fee 85 ;- graduating fee $20.


11818. It consists of 5 Classes, viz, Mathematical Science, Physical Sci- ence, Moral and Political Science, General Literature and the fine arts. The annual meetings are held on the last Saturday in each year.




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