USA > Washington DC > Washington DC > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 62
USA > Virginia > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 62
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461
WESTERN VIRGINIA-TAZEWELL.
are slso deposited in lonely caverns, human skeletons of both sexes, and of various ages preserving in their composition an outline of those general features that characterise the Indian race. When brought into contact with the external air, they quickly moulder into dust. Five miles S. W. of Jef. fersonsville is a broken continuation of Rich mountain, termed Morris's Nob, a noted object of curiosity. Near its S. W. extremity, and 12 miles from the county seat, is the Maiden Spring Cove, a flourishing settlement, watered by the Maiden Spring, a S. E. branch of Clinch river. On the summit of Rich mountain, in view, and one and a halt miles S. is a pre- cipitous ledge of rocks, of stupendous height, called the Peak-command- ing a magnificent view of the surrounding country for 20 or 30 miles, From this, some 4 or 5 miles a little S. of E. may be seen on the top of Clinch mountain (immediately before it divides to form Burk's Garden) a romantic assemblage of huge rocks, thrown together by the hand of nature, in the wildest confusion, clothed with a variety of perennial growth and matted with impenetrable thickets of laurel; while far beneath are formed between their interstices, horrible caverns, and subterraneous recesses, the retreat of numerous wild beasts, that frequent the surrounding wilderness, hence its name of Bear Town. On this spot flourishes extensive groves of balsam copavia, a variety of copaifera officinalis and other strange vegeta- ble growth not found elsewhere in this region of country
Inexhaustible quarries of limestone rock, extending în a seri ical strata from N. E. to S. W. are found in many parts of the county. Stretch- ing across the northern boundary are extensive beds of stone coal of excel- lent quality.
The principle staples are cattle, horses, hogs, feathers, tow and flax-linen, beeswax, genseng, seneca, snakeroot, serpentaria, &c. &c.
Compared with the elevation of the water in Great Kanawha, at the influx of the Greenbrier, ascertained to be 1,333 feet, the lowest elevation that can be given to the central mountain valleys of this county must be 1,500 feet; and the mean relative height of the arable soil of the county, at the lowest estimate 1,200 feet.
Population in 1830, 5,749. It belongs to the fifteenth judicial circuit and eighth district. Taxes paid state government in 1833, $686 35-in 1834, on lots, $14 88-on land, 313 11-426 slaves, $106 50-2851 horses, $171 06-14 studs, $117 00-5 carryalls, $5 00-Total, $727' 55. No report of school commissioner for 1832. Expended in educating- poor children in 1833, $184 23.
TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.
BLUE STONE, P. O. 279 ms, S. W. fed. It is insulated by Clinch moun- of R. and 337 S. W.of W. - Situated on Blue Stone river, in the southern part of the county.
BURK'S GARDEN, P. O. 274 ms. W. of R. and 349 from W .- Situat- ed 10 ms. E. of Jeffersonsville. Burk's Garden is one of the most re- markable spots in Western Virginia, but being out of the track of the tou- rists, it has not hitherto been deserib- free for all denominations, 1 exten-
tain, except a narrow pass through which its waters, by uniting into one stream, are discharged into Wolf creek,-its form is somewhat oval, 11 miles long and 5 wide, a beautiful and perfect level, and naturally very fertile. The settlement contains 62: families, amounting to 450 souls .. "There are 1 house of public worship,'
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WESTERN VIRGINIA-TYLER.
sive manufacturing flour mill, 2 tan-(joiners, 2 boot and shoe factories, 1 yards, and various mechanics. It is blacksmith, 2 hatters, 1 painter and 1 well timbered with sugar maple, cher- ry and white oak. The under growth consists of Crab apple and hawthorn. grist mill-and a manufacturing flour mill is situated a mile to the north of the village. Population 150 persons; of whom 2 are attornies, and 2 regu-
JEFFERSONVILLE, P. T. and county seat, 352 mns. S. W. by W. of lar physicians.
County Courts are held on the 3d Monday in every month ;- Quarter- ly in April, June, August, and- No- vember.
Washington,-290 a little S. of W. from Richmond,-and 30 mns. N. W. by W. of Evansham in Wythe coun- ty ;- lat. 37° 05' N. and long. 4º 32' W. of W. C .- Situated on the south Circuit Superior Courts of Law land Chancery are held on the 22d of April and 23d of September, by JUDGE ESTILL. side of Clinch river, one mile from its bank, and near the base of the Rich mountain. Besides the ordina- ry county buildings, it contains 20 Four miles N. W. of this village dwelling houses, I house of public are situated Cecil's Mineral Springs, worship, free for all denominations, I |which bid fair to rival any mineral common school, 4 mercantile stores, waters that have yet been discovered 2 taverns, I tanyard, 1 saddler, 6 in the western country.
Jucher.
TYLER.
TYTER was created by Act of Assembly in the year '1814, and formed from a portion of Ohio county. It is bounded N. by Marshall,-N. E. iby Greene co. of Pa., and Monongalia of Va .- E. and S. E. by Harri- -son,-S. and S. W. by Wood,-and W. by the Ohio river, separating it from Washington county, Ohio,-and N. W. by the same river separating it from Monroe county. Its mean length is 27.1 miles-mean breadth 23 ; and area 855 sq. miles ;- extending in lat. from 39º 13' to 39º 42' and in long. from 3º 25"to 4º 12' W. of W. C. This county declines to the west towards the Ohio, and is drained by Middle Island and Fishing creeks, both running diagonally through the county and emptying into the Ohio. 'The surface is exceedingly hilly and broken, but the soil is generally of excellent quality.' Population in 1820, 2,314,-1830, 4,104. It belongs to the twentieth judicial circuit and tenth district. Tax-no returns. Ex- pended in educating poor children in 1832, 8259 46-in 1833, 8309 23.
TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.
CENTREVILLE,-situated on the|which is a small stream rising in west bank of Middle Island Creek, Tyler, flowing nearly N. W. in a 7 ms. E. of Middlebourn, and 16 winding course, and which about 50 ms. from its source empties into' the Ohio about 39 ms. below Wheeling. from Sistersville. It contains 15 dwelling houses, 2 mercantile stores, and several mechanics.
GiRAPE ISLAND, P. O. 316 ms: from R. and 289 W. of W.
FISHING CREEK, P.O. 330 ms. from R. and 266 N. W. by W. of W. INGRAM'S MILLS, P. O. 313 'ms. This P. O. is situated on the head from R. and 279 from W. . MIDDLEBOURN, P. V. and
waters of the creek of the same name,
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WESTERN VIRGINIA-WASHINGTON.
seat of justice, 307 ms. from R. and | Monday in every month; Quarterly 273 W. of W. in lat. 39º 32' N. and in March, June, August and Novem- long. 3º 55' W. of W., situated on ber. Middle Island creek, 45 ms. S. W. of Wheeling. It contains besides perior Courts of Law and Chancery
JUDGE FRY holds his Circuit Su- on the 24th of April and September.
the ordinary county buildings, . 25 dwelling houses, 1 Methodist house PINE GROVE, P. O. 327 ms. from R. and 247 W. of W. of worship, 1 common school, 2 mer- cantile stores, 2 taverns, 1 manufac- SISTERSVILLE, P. O. 320 ms. from R. and 274 N. W. of W. .. This vil- lageis pleasantly situated on the south bank of Ohio river, 50 ms. N. W. by turing flour mill, 1 tan yard, and 1 saddler. The principal mechanics are cabinet makers, house-joiners, and blacksmiths. In the neighborhood W. of Clarksburg in Harrison Co .; of this place on Middle Island creek, in a remarkably healthy neighbor- hood, commanding a fine view of the river; and possessing one of the best landings for steamboats and other there is an excellent site for a manu- factory. The stream is large, and after making a bend, five miles in ex- tent, it returns to within 90 feet of craft on the Ohio. It contains about the same bed,-making a fall at the 30 dwelling houses, 2 mercantile stores, 2 taverns, a school house, 1 tanyard, and various mechanics .-- Population about 200 persons; of whom 1 is a regular physician. This town was laid out in 1814 by com- missioners appointed by the Legisla- ture, as the county seat of Tyler; but by a petition presented from the in- habitants at the session of '15 and '16, the Legislature was induced to re- move the seat. of justice to Middle- bourne, 9 ms. nearly east from this nearest point of approximation of 12 or 15 feet. It is thought that there is an abundance of iron ore and stone coal contiguous to this site. Middle Island creek is one of the principal streams watering this county,-it is about 200 miles in length, running a course east and west through a fer- tile valley, and emptying into the Ohio river. Population 160 persons; of whom 1 is a resident attorney, and two are regular physicians.
County Courts are held on the 2d place.
WASHINGTON.
WASHINGTON Was created by Act of Assembly in 1777, and formed from a portion of the now extinct county of Fincastle. It is bounded N. by Clinch mountain, separating it from Russell,-E. by Smyth,-S. E. by Grayson,-S. by Carter county of 'Tennessee,-S. W. by Sullivan county of the same state,-and W. by Scott. Mean length (including Smyth) 41 miles,-mean breadth 183; and area 754 square miles .- We have no incans of ascertaming its precise extent since the severance of Smyth ; but an approximation may be made by reference to that county. It extends in lat. from 36° 35' to 36º 52' N. and in long. from 4º 34' to 5º 19' W. of W. C. This county occupies part of the valley between the Blue Ridge and Clinch mountains, and is watered by the North, Middle, and South Forks of Holston, which rise in Wythe and flow through this county, di- viding it into three fertile valleys. But Washington is not less celebrated for its valuable minerals, than its fertile soil, excellent pasturage, and de- lightful climate. The gypsum found in this county in great quantities, is
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WESTERN VIRGINIA-WASHINGTON.
well to be equal, if not superior to that of Nova Scotia, and is now being extensively applied to the same purposes by the farmers of Western Vir- ginin and Tennessee. A full account of its valuable salt works and other minerals has however already been given in connexion with Smyth coun- ty-especially in the article on Saltville,-which village is divided by the line which separates the two counties.
Population .in 1820, 12,444,-1830, 15,614,-both of which numera- tions were taken before the severance of Smyth. It belongs to the fifteenth. judicial circuit and eighth district. Tax paid in 1834 on lots, $195 25- land, $1,131 96-1122 slaves, $280 50-5364 horses, $321 84-39 studs, 8326 00-33 coaches, $94 50-31 carryalls, $31 00-6 gigs, 84 50. 'Total, $2286 10. The poor children in this county are educated on the district system, and we have no means at present of of ascertaining the exact amount.
TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.
ABINGDON, P. T. and scat of amount of one hundred and fifty justice, 309 ms. S. W. of R. and 385 thousand dollars annually, 3 groce- S. W. by W. of W. in N. lat. 36° rics, 1 woolen and 2 cotton manufac- tures, and I well established nursery. 42', and long 4º 58' W. of W. C. It is situated on the great valley road, about 8 miles N. of the Tennessee boundary,-at the south east side of a mountain ridge, about 7 miles dis- tant from either of the two main Forks of the Holston river. A part of the town stands on a considerable eminence, beneath which there is a cavern containing a lake.
Abingdon contains besides the or. dinary county buildings, between 150 and 200 dwelling houses many of them handsome brick bundifigs, -- 2 Presbyterian afd & Methodist houses of public worentp all of them peas buildings, which the opulent and en- brick edifices. A portion of the
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. habitants are followers of Baron Swedenborg,-in other words, belong to the New Jerusalem Church,-but they possess no house of worship, and their preacher occasionally oc- cupies one or the other of the Metbo- dist houses.
There is an Academy for females and one for males, (both brick edi- ·fices,) 2 hotels kept in good style, 3 taverns principally used for the ac- commodation of wagoners, J manu- facturing flour mill, 9 mercantile houses, some of which are wholesale establishments, and sell goods to the
There are 4 tanyards with saddle and harness manufacturies attached to them, 10 blacksmith shops, 1 hat manufactory and store, 6 wheel- wrights and wagon makers, 2 cabinet warehouses, 3 bricklayers, 2 stone masons, 3 house carpenters, 3 watch makers and jewellers, 2 boot and shoe factories, 3 house and sign painters, 2 coppersmiths and tin plate workers, and 3 tailors.
Abingdon is rapidly increasing in population and trade. Old houses are giving place to handsome brick terprising citizens are daily erecting. The main street has lately been Mc- Adamized at considerable expense, but greatly to the improvement of its utility, beauty, and comfort. ...
. As a specimen of the flourishing condition of this town, we must men- tion that a quarter acre lot, situated near the court house, recently sold for upwards of $4,000. There is a distributing post office here. Popu- lation 1000 persons; of whom 13 are resident attorneys, and 3 regular physicians.
County Courts are held on the. 4th Monday in every month ; - Quarter-
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WESTERN VIRGINIA-WOOD.
ly in March, June, August and No- two post offices-the one at Abing vember.
JUDGE ESTILL holds his Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chance- ry on the 2d Monday after the 4th of April and September.
don, and the other at Seven Mile Ford; but since the severance of Smyth, the one at Seven Mile Ford is now in that county-in conse- quence of which we have no knowl.
It may excite some surprise when edge of any other post office in this told that in this large and well popu-
county except the one at Abingdon lated county, there were in 1831 but the county seat.
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WOOD!
WOOD was created by Act of Assembly in the year 1799, and formed from a portion of Harrison county. It is bounded N. E. by Tyler and Harrison,-E. by Lewis,-S. by Kanawha and S. W. by Jackson,-W. by the Ohio river, separating it from Meigs and Athens counties, Ohio-and N. by the same river separating it from , Washington county of the same state. Its mean length (before the severance of a portion to form Jackson county) was 40} miles-, mean breadth 30}; and area 1,223 square miles. It extends in lat. from 08º 52' to 39º 27' N. and in long. from 3º 56' to 4° 42' E. of W. C. Noany the whole of this county is embraced in the val- ley of the Little Kanawha and its tributaries Hughes' river,-and North Fork of Hughes' river. A small portion on the northwestern border is drained by creeks into the Ohio. The surface is much broken, but the soil is for the most part good. Population in 1820, 5,860,-in 1830, 6,429. It be- longs to the nineteenth judicial circuit and tenth district. Tax paid in 1833, $1,150 24-in 1834 on lots, 8112 12-land, 8885 74-1040 slaves, 8260 00-4326 horses, 8259 56-26 studs, 8223 00-11 coaches, 828 50 -31 carryalls, 832 00-1 gig, 50 cts. Total, 81901 42. Expended in educating poor children in 1832, 8292 34-in 1833, $533 78.
TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.
BELLEVILLE, P. O. distant 314 |ms. both from W. and R., situated on ms. both from Richmond and Wash- the Little Kanawha. It contains 12 ington. dwelling houses, 1 Methodist and 1 Baptist house of worship, 1 common school, 2 mercantile stores, 1 benevo- lent society, I tan yard, 1 grist and 2 saw mill3, and several mechanics. Population 64 persons; of whom 1 is a physician.
BULL CREEK, P. O. 299 ms. W. of W. and 334 from R., situated, 13 ms. above Parkersburg in a thickly settled neighborhood. Bull creek is a small stream which rises in Wood ·county, and empties into the Ohio, 7 miles above Marietta in the State of 'Ohio. There are located on this creek several mills, mercantile stores, and 1 Baptist house of worship. The land is fertile, producing the or- dinary staples, -- and is well adapted to grass.
PARKERSBURG, P. V. and seat of justice, 299 ms. from R. and 299 N. W. of W., situated on the point above the confluence of the Little Kanawha with the Ohio river, 12 ms. below Marietta in Ohio. Be- sides the ordinary county buildings,
JACKSONVILLE, P. O. Wistant 281 it contains 75 dwelling houses, 1
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WESTERN VIRGINIA-WYTHE.
house of public worship (Methodist,) 7 mercantile stores, 4 taverns, 3 com- mon school, 1 steam saw mill, 1 printing office (issuing a weekly pa- per,) 2 tan yards, 1 saddler, 3 cabinet
PENNSBOROUGH, P. O. 303 ms. from R. and 268 from W.
SCHULTZ'S RANGE, P. O. 324 ms. from R. and 219 W. of W., situated on the Clarksburg road, on the wa- inakers, 2 boot and shoe factories, 2 ters of Cow creek, (6 miles from its blacksmith shops, 3 tailors, 2 hatters mouth,) which empties into the Ohio and 1 rope-walk. Population 500 persons; of whom ten are resident attorne I & rouler physicians. County Courts ave hendl off the 3d river ;- 15 miles from Marietta and 20 from Parkersburg. Schultz's Range is the name of a tract of laudy of 25,000 acres laid off' In lots Of Pery. wad; Quarterly in March, June, Augu'st and Novem -! ber. 000 acres cach, all of which is in this county. The north try turt pike runs through a part of this tract,
Circuit Superior Counts of Law on Walker's creek. The range con- and Chancery are held on the 1st of tains 5 families, in all about 30 per- April and September, by JUDGE SUM - sons.
MERS.
WYTHE.
WYTHE was created by act of Assembly at the session of 1789-90, and formed from a portion of Montgomery. It is bounded N. by Giles,-E. by. Montgomery,-S. by the Iron mountain, separating it from Grayson,- W. by Smyth,-and N. W. by Walker's mountain, separating from Taze- well. The greater part of Wythe is situated in a mountain valley included between the Iron mountains and Walker's mountain. Its mean length (before a portion was taken to form Smyth) was 453 miles,-its mean width 22} and its area 1998 square miles. It extends in lat. from 35° 44' to 37º 11' N., and in long. from 3º 34', to 4º 20' W. of W. C.
Wythe valley is an elevated table land. From the south western part flow the head waters of the Middle Fork of Holston, interlocking sources with some of the branches of New river, which flows across the eastern angle of this county. The characteristic features of the scenery of this ri- ver are its sublimity,-its banks are generally terrible cliff's, and toppling precipices of solid limestone, often hundreds of feet in height, and inaccessi- ble to any foot save those of the bird and reptile. There are few plains on this river, and those few are comparatively small, rarely if ever extending to the width of half a mile.
The principal creeks, are Red, Cripple, Peak, Cove and Walker's, tribu- taries to New river on its northern side, and Big and Little Island and Poplar camp creeks on the southern. The first named creeks run S. of E., the latter N. E.
The grandest and most prominent features of this county, are its moun- tains. Of these the largest is called Walker's mountain, which together with other smaller ones, such as Little Walker's mountain, Brushy, Little's Brushy, Core and others, lie between the Iron mountain on one side, and the Garden mountain, Clinch mountain and others (not however in Wythe but the adjoining counties) which are parts of the Blue Ridge on the other. The general course of all these mountains is from N. E. to S. W. and they
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are generally connected with each other by spurs. There are two other mountains in this county, which are detached chains,-the one called the Lick, and the other Draper's mountain, the former being some 12 or 15 miles in length, the latter 6 or 8.
The "Rich Valley of Holston" lying on the North Fork of that river commences with the head of the stream in the N. W. part of Wythe. That part of it lying in this county, has a pre-eminent claim to the title. There is in the eastern part of this county a valley called Draper's valley, a de- lightful tract of some 5 or 6 miles in length, and ranging in breadth from half to one and a half miles, having Draper's mountain on its N. side, and on the other, hills and highlands. The soil of Wythe cannot be said to be rich, but sufficiently fertile to produce all the necessaries of life. It pos- sesses the characteristic of all the soil of western Virginia, the faculty of renewing itself in grass, and is peculiarly benefitted by the cultivation of clover. Miny if not all of the farmers are learning to use gypsum, and find it peculiarly beneficial. Small grain of all kinds is raised with facili- ty, as also corn and potatoes,-the latter of the finest quality. Fruits of all the common kinds, such as apples, pears, cherries, plums and peaches are easily produced, but the lateness of the season, and shortness of the summer often cuts off the hopes of the inhabitants in the bud.
Wythe is rich in minerals. Iron is abundant almost every where. Lead is found on the river in abundance, and is worked with profit. There are three establishments for making lead in the county, and which manu- facture about 200 tons per annum. There is one iron manufactory in ope- ration. Gypsum is found in Wythe, though not so abundant as in the neighboring county of Smyth. There are large beds of coal in this county, untouched for want of a turnpike or some improved means of transportation, No county in the state suffers more than Wythe for want of internal im: provements. Her mineral wealth has hardly commenced a developement, and must probably lie dormant another century, until there shall be more public spirit, or less sectional feeling in the legislature. There have been some copper and silver specimens found in working the lead mines, but in no great quantities. The elevation of Wythe is about 1600 feet above the level of the ocean.
Population in 1810, 8,356-1820, 9,692-1830, 12,163. It belongs to the 16th judicial circuit and 8th district. Tax paid in 1833, 81,805 59-in 1834, on lots, 8112 12-on land, $985 74-1,040 slaves, 8260 00-4,326 horses, $259 56-26 studs, $223 00-11 coaches, $28 50 -- 31 carryalls, $32 00 -- 1 gig, 50 cents. Total $1,901 42. Expended in educating poor children in 1832, 8373 53-in 1833, $108 60.
TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c ..
AUSTINVILLE, P. O. 265 ms, fromjis fertile, producing well Indian corn, R. and 341 from W.
wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat and pota- toes. It is also well adapted to pas- turage. Extensive iron works are carried on in this neighborhood.
DRAPER'S VALLEY, P. O. 235 ms. S. W. of R. and 310 S. W. of W., situated 16 ms. ES. of Evansham, and 12 W. of Newbern. It contains sev- EVANSIIAMor WYTHE C. H. P. V. 253 ms. S. W. of R. and 329 8, W. by W. of W., in lat. 36º 56' N. eral dwelling houses, 1 mercantile store, I tanyard, &c. Population 15. The soil of the surrounding country land long. 4º 5' W. of W. C. Besides
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the ordinary county buildings, this crept up to reconnoitre, and discover- village contains from 90 to 100 dwel- ling houses, 1 house of public wor- ship, (Methodist,) 9 miscellaneous stores, 2 cabinet makers, 1 painter and glazier, 1 coppersmith, 1 tin plate worker, 4 boot and shoe makers, 2 tanyards, 3 saddlers, 1 printing office, issuing a weekly paper, 4 taverns and 6 blacksmith shops. Population about 600 persons; of whom 7 are at- tornies and 5 regular physicians.
County Courts are held on the 2d Monday in every month ;- Quar- terly in March, June, August and November.
Circuit Superior Courts of Law and Chancery are held on the 7th of April and September by JUDGE BROWN.
ed a large muscular Indian, sitting on a log with his back towards the whites, and facing the Indian encamp- ment, engaged in mending a mocca- sin. The Indian was partially con- cealed by a tree, under which he was sitting, from the view of the villagers. White at once, though fully aware of the danger of the attempt determined to carry that Indian to Clarke, and leaving his companions, not thinking it prudent for the three of them to proceed for fear of discovery, he crept softly up behind the Indian, who sat perfectly unconscious of danger, till he felt the grasp of White on his throat, and saw a pistol presented at his head. White in a few hurried words, in the language of the tribe, told him that if he made any noise or resistance he would shoot him in- stantly through the head, but if he went with him quietly he would pro-
Early Traditions .- There is much traditionary lore in this county among the old settlers. One romantic cir- cumstance, though not exactly inac- cordance with this work, may be worth mise he should return to his tribe. recording as evincing the difficulties of various sorts, which occurred in first settling the frontier counties off the state.
The Indian submitted to his fate and White carried him in triumph to Clarke, who immediately on seeing him, said "this is no Indian," enquiry whence he was, he said that he was born of white parents, that when a small boy, the Indians attacked the
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