USA > Washington DC > Washington DC > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 9
USA > Virginia > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 9
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POPULATION.
The number of people in Virginia has been as follows, at the several pe- riods mentioned, viz: in 1790,-747,610-in 1800,-880,200-in 1810,- 974,622-in 1820,-1,065,366-and in 1830,-1,211,375. - At the last pe- riod the population was divided as follows, among the several counties, viz:
EASTERN DISTRICT.
Counties.
Population. Counties.
Population.
Accomac,
16,656 Amelia,
11,036
Albemarle,
22,618 Amherst,
12,071
* According to the observations of Dr. Sanders, made near Boston during ten years from January 1, 1821 to January 1, 1831, there were on an average in each year, 219 days of fair and 146 of cloudy weather. Rain fell more or less on 57 days. Boston is on the sea coast, in lat. 42ยบ 20-58', and the standing temperature of the level of the sea at that place is between 599 and GO" Farenheit ..
meme
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OF VIRGINIA.
Counties.
Population.| Counties.
Population. - 17,760
Brunswick,
15,767 Charles City,
5,500
Culpeper,
24,027
Charlotte,
15,252
Cumberland
11,690
Chesterfield,
18,637
Dinwiddie,
21,901 Meclenburg,
20,477
Elizabeth City,
5,053
Middlesex,
4,122
Essex,
10,521 |Nansemond,
11,784
Fairfax,
9,204 Nelson, 11,254
Fauquier,
26,086 New Kent, 6,458
Fluvanna,
8,221 Norfolk, 24,806
Franklin,
14,911 Northampton, 8,641
Gloucester,
10,608 Northumberland,
7,953
Goochland,
10,369
Nottoway,
10,130
Greensville,
7,117
Orange,
14,637
Halifax,
28,034 Patrick,
7,395
Hanover,
16,253
Pittsylvania,
26,034
Henrico,
28,797
Powhatan,
8,517
Henry,
7,100
Prince Edward,
14,107
Isle of Wight,
10,517
Prince George,
8,367
James City,
3,838
Prince William, 9,330
King and Queen,
11,644
Prince Anne,
9,102
King George,
6,397
Richmond, -
6,055
King William,
9,812
Southampton,
16,074
Lancaster,
4,801
Spottsylvania,
15,134
Loudon,
21,939 Stafford,
9,362
Louisa,
16,151
7,109
Lunenburg,
11,957 Sussex,
12,720
Madison,
9,236
Warwick, 1,570
Mathews,
7,664
Westmoreland,
8,396
Buckingham,
18,351
York,
5,354
Campbell,
20,350
WESTERN DISTRICT.
Counties.
Population.|Counties. Population.
Alleghany,
2,816 Lewis,
6,241
Augusta, -
19,926 Logan, 3,680
Bath,
4,002 Monongalia,
14,056
Berkeley,
10,518 Mason,
6,534
Botetourt,
16,354 Monroe,
7,798
Brooke,
7,041
Montgomery,
12,306
Cabell,
5,884 Morgan, -
2,694
Frederick,
- 25,046|
Nicholas,
3,346
Giles,
5,274 Ohio, -
. 15,584
Grayson,
7,675
Page, (formerly E. Shenandoah) 8,327
Greenbrier,
9,006
Pendleton,
6,271
Harrison,
14,722 Pocahontas,
2,542
Hampshire,
11,279
Preston,
5,144
Hardy,
6,798 Randolph,
5,000
Jefferson, .
12,927 Rockbridge, -
14,244
Kanawha,
9,326
Rockingham,
20,683
I,00, -
6,461 Russell,
6,714
Bedford,
20,246
Caroline,
Surry,
T
68
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Counties.
Population.|Counties.
Population.
Scott, - -
5,724 Washington,
- 15,614
Shenandoah,
11,423 Wood,
- 6,429
Tazewell,
5,749|Wythe,
- 12,163
Tyler, -
4,101
Total population of Eastern Virginia, 832,980; Western Va. 378,425. Of the preceding were white persons,
Males.
Females.
Under 5 years of age,
65,793
62,411
From 5 to 10
51,805
49,964
" 10
to 15
43,287
41,936
# 15 to 20
36,947
40,479
" 20
to 30
60,911
62,044
" 30
to 40
36,539
36,456
" 40 to 50
23,381
23,750
" 50
to 60
15,261
15,447
" 60 to 70
8,971
8,765
" 70
to 80
3,674
3,857
" 80 to 90
1,108
1,098
" 90 to100
184
158
" 100 and upwards
26
98
Total, Of the colored population, were
Free.
Slaves.
Male.
Female ..
Male.
Female.
Under 10 years of age, 8,236
8,002
84,000
83,270
From 10 to 24,
6,126
7,031
68,917
66,92 1
=
24 to 36,
3,546
4,501
43,189
40,927
=
36 to 55,
2,721
3,379
30,683
27,206
55 to 100,
1,731
2,024
12,155
12,275
=
100 and upwards 27
24
133
144
Total,
22,387
24,961
239,077
230,680
RECAPITULATION.
Whites.
Free Colored. 47,343
469,757
1,211,375
Increase of population :
In 1800 the white males numbered,
514,280
Free colored,
20,124
Slaves,
345,796
880,200
Increase in thirty years, Or thirty-seven and a half per cent.
Slaves.
Total.
694,270
331,175
4
347,887
346,383
In the same period, the free whites increased 180,020, or 35 per cent .; the free colored persons 27,224, or 135 per cent .; and the slaves, 123,961, or 36 per cent. For the ten years preceding the census of 1830, the rate of increase of the whole population diminished considerably, and the rela- tive increase of the several classes varied from the foregoing results. On the whole population, the rate was reduced from 374 to 134 per cent .; on
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OF VIRGINIA.
the free white, from 35 to 15 per cent .; on the free colored, from 135 to 284 per cent .; and on the slaves from 36 to 103 per cent. It is to be observed, however, that, while the black population of the whole state has been dimin- ishing, when compared with the white, the reverse is true in respect to Eas- tern Virginia, which is peculiarly the slave region; for, while, in 1790, there was in that district a majority of 25,000 whites, the slave and free colored population outnumbered them at every successive census, until, in 1830, the excess was upwards of 81,000. 'The facts thus exhibited show that Western Virginia, which contains comparatively few slaves, has rapidly increased its white population in the last ten years, the rate of increase amounting to 25 per cent,; while, on the eastern side of the mountains, the increase of the whites, in the same period, did not exceed 73 per cent. The greater multiplication of blacks in Eastern Virginia, notwithstanding con- stant deportation to the southern and southwestern states, may be partly as- cribed to the mild treatment which they generally receive from their own- ers. On the other hand, the evil effects of slavery, and the policy of adopt- ing some scheme for gradual abolition, are topics which have been freely and carnestly discussed, and have already arrayed the Virginians into two powerful parties. The slow progress of the white population, compared with some of the other states, when so many propitious causes exist for its advancement, has been urged as a prominent objection to slavery. Indeed, the march of its aggregate population has fallen far short of the predictions of former times. Mr. Jefferson, in his Notes, which were written in 1782, estimated that the then existing stock, unaided by foreign cmigration, would be multiplied to 2,270,000 by the year 1835, exceeding, by upwards of a million, the result of the last census. That the increase of numbers has been restrained by powerful checks seems reasonable; but to point out their . true character and operation, belongs rather to the department of moral and political philosophy.
This state is now divided into one hundred and eleven counties; whereof sixty-six are on the castern side, and forty-five on the western side of the Blue Ridge mountains. Six new counties having been added since the tak- ing of the last census, and revision of the constitution; they were frected by act of Assembly 1831-2, viz :- Page county, formed out of parts of Shenandoah and Rockingham-Rappahannock, formed out of a part of Culpeper county-Smyth, formed out of Washington and Wythe-Floyd, from a part of Montgomery-Jackson, out of part of Mason, Kanawha and Wood-and Fayette, formed out of parts of Greenbrier, Nicholas, and Ka- nawha counties.
GOVERNMENT AND LAWS.
CONSTITUTION .- The first constitution of this state was formed and adopt- ed in 1776, and continued in operation until October, 1829, when a conven- tion met at Richmond to alter and amend it, or frame a new one: on the 14th of January, 1830, the present constitution was adopted by a vote of 55 to 40. The amended constitution on being submitted to the legal voters of the state was ratified by a majority of 10,492 votes, as appears by the fol- lowing statement:
.
70
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
For.
Against.
Transalleghany District,
2,123
11,289
Valley
=
3,842
2,097
Middle
12,417
1,086
Tide-Water
7,673
1,091
Total,
26,055
15,563
LEGISLATURE .- The first election of members of the House of Delegates, and Senate, under the amended constitution, took place on the several court days in the month of October, 1830, in the different counties and boroughs entitled to representation : and the first General Assembly convened at Richmond on the first Monday in December, 1831.
By this constitution the legislative power is vested in a Senate and a House of Delegates, which are together styled the General Assembly of Virginia. The House of Delegates consists of 134 members chosen an- nually ;- 31 from the Trans-Alleghany district ;- 25 from the Valley dis- trict ;- 42 from the Middle district ;- and 36 from the Tidewater district. The Senate consists of 32 members ;- 13 from the counties west of the Blue Ridge ;- and 19 from the country cast of that mountain. The Sena- tors are elected for four years, and the seats of one-fourth are vacated each year .- In all elections to any office or place of trust, honor, or emolument; the votes are given viva voce .- A reapportionment in both houses, is to take place every ten years, commencing in 1841; until which time there is to be no change in the number of delegates and senators from the several divi- sions; and after 1841 the number of delegates is never to exceed 150, or that of senators 36.
EXECUTIVE .- The executive power is vested in a Governor elected by the joint vote of the two houses of the General Assembly. He holds it three years, commencing the 31st of March after his election, or on such other day as may be from time to time prescribed by law; and he is ineligi- ble for the three years next after the expiration of his term of office. There is a Common of State, consisting of three members, elected for three years by the joint vote of the two houses; the seat of one being vacated annually. The senior counsellor is Lieutenant Governor.
The present executive officers are
L. W. TAZEWELL, Governor, DANIEL A. WILSON, Lieut. Governor,
. WYNDHAM ROBERTSON, Council.
PETER V. DANIEL,
LAWSON BURFOOT, Treasurer of State,
JAMES E. HEATH, Auditor, JAMES BROWN, JR., Second Auditor,
WILLIAM SELDEN, Register of the Land Office.
JUDICIARY .- The Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals, and of the Circuit Superior Courts of Law and Chancery, are elected by joint vote of both houses of the General Assembly, and hold their offices during good behavior, or until removed by a concurrent vote of both houses; but two- thirds of the members present must concur in such vote, and the cause of removal be entered on the journals of each house.
71
OF VIRGINIA.
The present COURT OF APPEALS consists of
Salary.
Henry St. George Tucker, President,
2,720
Francis T. Brooke, Judge, 2,500
William H. Cabell, do.
2,500
Wm. Brockenbrough,
do.
2,500
Dabney Carr, do.
.2,500
The Judges are entitled to receive, in addition to their salaries, 25 cents a mile for necessary travel. The Court of Appeals holds two sessions annu- ally; one at Lewisburg, Greenbrier county, for the counties lying west of the Blue Ridge, commencing on the 1st Monday in July, and conti- nuing 90 days, unless the business shall be sooner despatched; the other at Richmond, for the counties lying east of the Blue Ridge, commenc- ing at such times as the court may, from time to time, appoint, and continu- ing 160 days, unless the business shall be sooner despatched.
General Court .- The state is divided into 10 districts, and each district into two circuits, and a Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery is held twice every year in each county and corporation; the courts sitting until the business is despatched.
There are 20 Judges, having each a salary of $1,500, and their names, with the number of their respective circuits, are as follows:
1. Richard F. Baker, 8. William Daniel, 15. Benjamin Estill,
2. John F. May, 9. William Leigh, 16. James E. Brown,
3. Abel P. Upshur, 10. Fleming Saunders, 17. Allen Taylor,
4. William Brown, 11. Richard H. Field,
18. Edward D. Duncan,
5. J. 'T. Lomax, 12. Lucas P. Thompson, 19. Lewis Summers,
6. John Scott, 13. Richard E. Parker, 20. Joseph L. Fry.
7. John B. Clopton,
14. Daniel Smith,
County Courts .- Justices of the Peace who constitute these Courts are elected by the Governor, upon nomination of the existing County Courts. Four Justices constitute a Court for the trial of civil, and five for criminal causes. Their civil jurisdiction in law and equity is concurrent with that of the Circuit Superior Courts of Law and Chancery in cases of trover or detinue, and others involving greater value than $50; and below that amount but over $20, it is exclusive. Their criminal jurisdiction is con- current with that of the same Court in petit larceny, and all other offences of free persons not exceeding the grade of misdemeanors, and in the case of slaves exclusive as to all offences. The Justices receive no compensa- tion ; but the lucrative office of Sheriff is conferred upon one of their body, generally the eldest Justice, and for two successive years, when he gives way to the next oldest in commission, &c. These Courts are established by the Constitution, but their jurisdiction, is settled by law.
RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE is extended to every white male citizen of the commonwealth, resident therein, aged 21 years and upwards; who was qualified to exercise the right under the former constitution and laws ;- or who own a frechold of the value of $25 ;- or who has a joint interest worth $25, in a frechold ;- or who has a reversion, or vested remainder in fee , expectant on an estate for life or years; of which he shall have been pos- sessed for sixmonths, unless obtained by descent, devise, or marriage ;- or who shall own and be in occupation of a leaschold estate, recorded two
-12
72
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
months before he offers to vote, of an annual value of $20, and original du- ration of at least 5 years ;- or who has been housekeeper or head of a family for 12 months, and been assessed with, and has paid taxes.
But paupers, persons of unsound mind, non-commissioned officers, sol- diers, seamen and marines of the U. States, and persons convicted of infa- mous offences cannot vote.
As connected with this subject we insert here the CIVIL LIST of Vir- ginia ;- prepared in compliance with a resolution of the House of Dele- gates of the 8th of March, 1833.
CIVIL LIST,
Shewing the nature and extent of the duties of each officer of the Govern- ment and their Salaries.
Governor, salary $3333 33 .- The governor is ex-officio president of the literary fund, the board of public works, the James river company, and the northwestern turnpike company, for which several services he receives no additional compensation.
Lieutenant Governor, $1000; two Councillors, $1000 each .- The lieu- tenant-governor is not now a director of either of these boards. In case of the death or resignation of the governor, he is entitled to the chief magis- trate's salary in lieu of his own. Neither the lieutenant-governor, nor the other members of the council, have any perquisites of office.
Secretary of the Commonwealth, $1620 00; Assistant Clerk, $1000 00; Copying Clerk, 8200 00 .- The secretary or clerk of the executive depart- ment is also keeper of the scals and librarian, by virtue of his office. He is entitled to a fec of $1 67 upon each testimonial granted from the execu- tive department, and to commissions, at the discretion of the joint library committee, upon sales or exchanges of books belonging to the library fund. These perquisites, it is understood, are very inconsiderable. Neither the assistant nor copying clerk is entitled to any other compensation besides his salary.
Clerk of the Council, $500 00 :- Keeps the journal of the council, and performs various other duties, for which he has no perquisites.
Door-Keeper to the Council, 8500 00 .- The door-keeper to the council is also keeper of the capitol keys, but is entitled to no compensation besides his regular salary. The incidental expenses of the executive depart- ment during the past fiscal year, amounted to $1,193 61, including fuel, stationery and postage.
President of the Court of Appeals, $2750 00; Four Judges, of the Court of Appeals, 82,500 cach .- The president and judges are entitled, ex- clusive of their salaries, to twenty cents per mile for travelling to and from the respective courts they are required to attend.
Clerk Eastern Court, $1000 00; Clerk Western Court, $1000 00 .- This allowance of $1,000 to each of the clerks of the court of appeals, is the maximum fixed by law, but the judges may in their discretion reduce it. The clerks are entitled to their regular fees from individuals, but to no other compensation from the state. The judges are authorized to appoint a crier and tipstaff to each of the courts held at Richmond and Lewisburg, and to fix their compensation. The crier at Richmond received, during the last fiscal year, $729, and the tipstaff; $608 31; and the incidental expenses
.
73
OF VIRGINIA.
for fuel, stationery, &c. amounted, in the same period, to 8193. The con- tingent expenses at Lewisburg, owing to the short terms of the court, are very inconsiderable.
'I'wenty Judges of the Circuit Superior Courts of Law and Chancery, nineteen at $1,500, and one at $1,800 .- The judge of the superior court of Henrico receives $1,800 annual salary. The other judges, $1,500 each; and all are entitled to 15 cents per mile for travelling through their circuits and to the general court.
Clerk of the General Court, $500 00 .- The fees of the clerk of the general court are very inconsiderable.
Attorney Superior Court IIenrico, 8300 00; Clerk Superior Court Hen- rico, $100 00 .- An act concerning the superior court of Henrico, passed 29th March, 1823, fixes the compensation of the attorney and clerk of that court, and makes them, in effect, salaried officers. The clerk is moreover entitled to his fees for services rendered the commonwealth, which will pro- bably average about $40 per annum.
Attorney General, $1000 00 .- The attorney general is entitled to fees when recovered from defendants; but owing to the diminished number of judgments against public debtors, his fees have not averaged more than $40 per annum for the last two vears.
Treasurer, 82000 00 .- The treasurer is ex-officio a director of the board of public works, the James river company, the literary fund, and the north- western turnpike company. He is moreover, by virtue of his office, a di- rector of the Virginia bank, and treasurer of the Cincinnati fund, which is" in his possession. He has no perquisites of office.
First Clerk, $900 00 .- The first clerk of the treasurer has charge of the books in which the accounts of the commonwealth are kept, distinguished from those which relate to speciffie funds, the latter being confided to the second clerk. Both, however, perform indiscriminately the current duties of the office. The incidental expenses of the treasury office during the last fiscal year, embracing fuel, stationery, sweeper, &c. amounted to $152 38.
Auditor of Public Accounts, 82000 00 .- The auditor is ex-officio a di- rector of the James river company, the board of public works, the literary fund, and the northwestern turnpike company. He is also, in conjunction with the governor, lieutenant-governor, and second auditor, one of the com- missioners for transporting the free people of color. He has no perquisites nor extra compensation, except a fee of 50 cents for each redemption of de- linquent land. 'The late laws on that subject have reduced these fees to an average of thirty or forty dollars per annum. Ilis general duties are to audit all claims against the commonwealth, and to collect and disburse the publie revenue.
Clerk of Accounts, $1400 00 .- The clerk of accounts has in his pecu- liar charge the public books of account, prepares all the revenue statements and the lists of balances, and performs a variety of duties connected with his department.
First Clerk, $900 00 .- The first clerk represents the auditor in his ab- sence, and during such time, is entitled to extra compensation at the rate of 8166 67 per annum. Ile has special charge of the vouchers upon which warrants are issued, assists the auditor in the revenue settlements, and per- forms various other duties.
Second Clerk, $750 00; Third Clerk, 8600 00 .- The second clerk has charge of the delinquent land lists, and in common with the third clerk,
10
-
t
74
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
performs a variety of duties appertaining to the current business, such as examining and correcting commmissioners' books, insolvents in the revenue, and militia fines, &c. &c. The auditor is also authorized to employ an ex- tra clerk, in his discretion, at the rate of $50 per month, growing out of the accumulated labors of the office from revolutionary claims, &c. The incidental expenses of the office in the last fiscal year, including stationery, fuel, and sweeper, and excluding postage, amounted to 8280 75. 'The post- age alone amounted to $1,050.
Second Auditor, $1800 00 .- The second auditor is an ex-officio director of the James river company, board of public works, literary fund, and north- western turnpike company, and andits all the accounts appertaining thereto. He is moreover superintendent of the literary fund, and clerk to the board of directors. He is also ex-officio secretary to the board of public works, and one of the commissioners for removing free people of color. He is entitled to no extra compensation.
First Clerk, $900 00; Second Clerk, $600 00 .- The first clerk repre- sents the second auditor in his absence, and when necessary, acts as clerk to the literary fund, and secretary to the board of public works; keeps the books of the James river company and board of public works, and assists the second auditor in the current business. 'The second clerk keeps the books of the literary fund and northwestern turnpike company, and attends to other duties. The incidental expenses of the office, and of the several boards connected therewith, for the past fiscal year, embracing, fuel, statione- ry, sweeper, pay of messengers, and clerks of boards, postage, printing, and miscellaneous expenses, amounted to $1,172 64.
Register of the Land Office, $1500 00 .- The register's duties are prin- cipally defined in the general revised land law of Ist March, 1819. He has no perquisites, his fees of office being required to be paid into the trea- sury.
First Clerk of the Land Office, 8900 00 .- The first clerk receives and examines surveys, &c. and issues grants, &c.
Second Clerk, $600 .-- The second clerk is engaged principally in record- ing. The incidental expenses of the land office the past fiscal year, including fuel, stationery, parchment for grants, and sweeper, amounted to $625 29.
Public Printer, 82600 00 .- 81,000 of the public printer's salary is paid quarterly. The residue annually, after the completion of the sessions acts. The salary is exclusive of extra printing. The amount paid during the last fiscal year for printing legislative documents, extra copies of the acts and journals of the library, &c. &c. amounted to $1,836 64, which is pro- bably about a fair annual average.
Superintendent of the Penitentiary, $2000 00; First and Second Assist- ant Keepers $700 each; Third, Fourth, Firth, Sixth, and Seventh Assist- ant Keepers, $600 each .- Neither the keeper nor assistant keepers receive any extra compensation. The auditor is not informed as to the particular distribution of duties among the assistants., The 6th and 7th assistants were for the first time so denominated in the act of 8th March, 1833. They 'were previously called turnkey and delivery clerk.
Clerk, 8600 00 .- The clerk keeps the accounts of the institution, and acts as clerk to the board of directors. He has no perquisites.
Five Directors, at $150 cach .- The directors are paid annually, at the rate of $3 per day, for each day's attendance; not to exceed $150.
Surgeon to the Penitentiary and Public Guard, $900 00 .- Attends the
.
75
OF VIRGINIA.
sick convicts at the penitentiary and soldiers of the public guard, and is en- titled to no perquisites of office.
General Agent or Store-Keeper to the Penitentiary .- 'The agent for sel- ling penitentiary manufactures is allowed a commission of seven per cen- tum upon sales, in lieu of salaries to himself and clerks.
Adjutant General, $300 00 .- For the various laws respecting the adju- tant general, see 1 Rev. Code, pages 94. 95, 96 and 98, and Supplement, pages 60, 64, 81 and 84.
Vaccine Agent, 8500 00 .- The allowance is paid semi-annually, on the order of the executive. The auditor is informed by the agent that there are numerous applications for vaccine matter. No perquisites of office.
Superintendant of the Westham Magazine, $150 00 .- It is understood that no duties are now required of this officer, the magazine not being used.
Keeper of the Rolls and Clerk of the House of Delegates, $200 00 .- The clerk of the house of delegates is ex-officio keeper of the rolls, and it is in the latter character, that he is entitled to the stated salary of $200 per annum. As clerk, his allowance was fixed at 8150 per week, by the act of 16th February, 1822. Out of this weekly allowance, the clerk of the house of delegates employs an assistant in the office during the sessions of the legislature, and defrays the expense of enrolling and engrossing the acts. Besides his official duties during the session, he is required after the ad- journment of the legislature, to arrange and cause to be published, with marginal notes and indexes, the laws of that body. His perquisites consist in fees for certified copies of the acts of assembly; but it is understood that they amount to a very inconsiderable sum. The incidental expenses of the office of the clerk during the last fiscal year, including fuel, stationery for the house of delegates, binding journals, parchment, &c. amounted to 8333 48 .- Total amount of Civil List, 874,553 33.
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