A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia, Part 53

Author: Martin, Joseph. ed. cn; Brockenbrough, William Henry
Publication date: 1835
Publisher: Charlottesville, J. Martin
Number of Pages: 1278

USA > Washington DC > Washington DC > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 53
USA > Virginia > A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia > Part 53

Note: The text from this book was generated using artificial intelligence so there may be some errors. The full pages can be found on Archive.org (link on the Part 1 page).

The spirit of public improvement which has recently so diffused itself among the people of Western Vir- ginia, has greatly facilitated the sisted of sulphate of lime, a small means of access and conveyance to portion of carbonates of magnesia the different watering places. There and lime, with a small portion of sili- cious earth. The deposition of cal- carious matter from the waters as they flow down the meadows is so great as to form a kind of drain of consi- derable height and thickness at about a mile on the road to the White Sul- phur Springs.

is a daily line of stages in the summer running from Fincastle to the Sweet Springs and also from the Salt and White Sulphur. The fine roads, de- lightful climate and beautiful scenery which is here met with, is a sufficient inducement aside from other consid- erations, to the low landers for an an- nual ramble to the mountains.

The following description of the medicinal properties of the Sweet Spring waters is taken from Dr. Bell on Baths and Mineral waters. "The water of the spring rises into a large cylindrical reservoir, from opposite , sides of which it flows out by small pipes: one conveying water to the ·bath for the men, the other to that for the ladies. The men's bath is of a quadrangular form surrounded by a wall, and open at the top, it is of tol- erable extent and clear, the bottom being of gravel and the water con- stantly flowing in and as constantly passing out, after it reaches a certain height. The temperature of the Spring 73º fahr., the same as that which in England, by a strange blun- der, is called Bristol Hot Wells. There is a considerable-resemblance additional appetite and imparts fresh

Few mineral waters have acquired such fashionable and well merited celebrity as the Sweet Springs. The name is calculated to convey errone- ous impressions of their taste, which is like a solution of a small quantity of a calcareous or magnesian carbo- nate." The excess W carbonic acid gives, however, the waters a brisk- ness, productive of a very different effect on the palate from what an in- perfect mixture of the earth's would produce. The first effects of this water due to its temperature and gase- ous contents, when drunk, are a feel- ing of warmth at the stomach, with a sensation of fulness at the head and some giddiness. Taken at stated in- tervals in moderate quantity, it will produce n moisture on the skin and increase the flow of urine. It the stomach be in a good state it gives

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WESTERN VIRGINIA-MONROE.

vigor to the system. The Sweet/pear after the restoration of the diges- Spring water is serviceable in the va- tive system to its former energy. rieties of dyspepsia accompanied by As we should have inferred from the excess of carbonic acid and the presence of the carthy carbonates in the water, it is useful in calculous and nephritic complaints. gastrodynia or spasm, with pains oc- curring at irregular intervals and heart burn-when the extremities are cold and the skin torpid. In secon- dary debility of the digestive canal, from the exhausting heat of summer, or in chronic diarrhea and dysentery without fever or not sustained by he- patic inflammation, much good will be produced by the internal use of these waters,

If much gastric irritation or evi- dent phlogosis of the liver be present with a parched skin and other phe- nomena of fever: it will be better to premise one or two small bleedings, followed by the use of a blue pill at night, and a tumbler full or two of the water, to which has been added a tea- spoon full of epsom salts, or twice the quantity of calcined magnesia early in the morning.

The harassing cough to which young persons are occasionally sub- ject and which often has its origin in an enfeebled state of the stomach, or in scrofulous habits from enlargement of the bronchial glands, as also the tussis homoralis of old people, will all be materially benefitted by the use of these waters. The relief afforded in such cases as these has usually given Bristol Hot Wells its reputation in the cure of pulmonary consump- tion.

Females of what are termed a nervous habit of body, who have been enfeebled by protracted confinement, or long nursing their children, de- privation of exercise, and of the en- joyment of fresh air, and who have in addition to these causes of dys- pepsia, made excessive use of tea and coffee, spices and condiments, will find their strength and health restored by drinking these waters as well as bathing in the manner to be soon mentioned. Irregularity in the ute- over the stomach, or liver, or abdo- rino functions will often soon disap- men generally above the pubis or on

In acute rheumatism, the waters with the addition of neutral salts and- the use of the bath will be of service. But in chronic rheumatism, in which there have been for a long time stiff- ness of the joints and cold skin, our chief reliance must be placed on the baths of the Warm and Hot Springs, by or attenuated with the use of the sulphur spring water.

'The usual times for drinking the waters of the Sweet Springs are ear- ly in the morning, between, 12 and 1 o'clock or some little time before din- ner, and in the evening at tea time. This later period is an improper one except the invalid suffer at the time from spasm of the stomach, or expe- rience a morbid and gnawing sensa- tion of hunger.

The use of the bath at the Sweet Springs is adapted to a large number of cases, viz., in which there is a morbid or irregular heat of the sur -- face with some febrile action. 'The first sensation or immersion in the water is a slight shock, after which the feeling of coolness is refreshing and rather agrecable. We have less hesitation in bathing in water of tepid temperature, as this almost is, than in a cold bath. For common hygie- nii purposes it is quite safe and reviv- ing; and in disease may be used with considerable freedom, but not to the neglect of those precautions given when I spoke of the cold bath, . A. more efficacious mode of applying this water to the skin would be by douche-the stream being directed on the region in which the irritation was fixed, and whenever there was augmented heat and fixed pain as

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the loins and sacrum, also to the long. 3º 32' W. of W. C.,-situated joints . when the violence of inflam- northeastward from Peters' mountain in Greenbrier Valley, about 40 ms. a If little W. of N. from Christiansburg. The town of Union is a beautiful lit- tle village, in a pleasant and healthy situation. The country around for many miles is a rich and fertile soil, particularly adapted to grass. A vast mation has not yet subsided nor pass- ed entirely into the chronic state. the irritation of the stomach forbids the drinking of the water, douching of the epigastrium would form a good preparative for its use in this way. Lumbago with some evening fever chloroies or floar albus, with heat number of cattle, horses, hogs, &c. and pain at the loins, would all be are annually fattened in this neigh- benefitted by douching this part.

borhood. It contains besides the usu- The freedom and advantage with which the bath at the Sweet Springs has been used by aged persons, is evi- dence of its general safety. The al county buildings, which are hand- some, 45 dwelling houses, 2 houses of public worship, (1 Methodist and 1 Presbyterian,) 1 common school, 2 chief points to be attended to are, that houses of public entertainment, 3 the skin shall not be moist or cold with perspiration, nor that there shall

mercantile stores, 2 tan yards, and 3 saddlers. The other mechanics are, be general chill nor the languor tailors, boot and shoe makers, black- smiths, wagon makers, brick lavers, &c. &c. This court house is situa- ted 15 ins. west of the top of the Al-

that follows excessive muscular ac- tion: the stomach also should be nearly empty, or at least not actively engaged in its work of digestion. leghany mountain. Population 400 The duration of a bath is usually persons ; of whom 1 is a resident at- torney, and 2 are regular physicians. too long ; from five to fifteen minutes will embrace periods adapted to all County Courts are held on the 3d Monday in every month ;- Quarter- ly in March, June, August and No- vember. conditions. Even the more robust ought not to stay in longer than the last mentioned time.

UNION, P. V. and seat of justice, 267 ms. S. W. by W. of W. C., and 208 W. of R., in lat. 37° 34' N. and ry on the 14th of May and October.

JUDGE BROWN holds his Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chance-

MONTGOMERY.

MONTGOMERY was created by the Legislature in the year 1777, and formed from Fincastle county. It is bounded N. and N. W. by Giles,- W. and S. W. by Wythe,-S. by the new county of Floyd,-and W. by Franklin. As we are unacquainted with the precise dimensions of Floyd, we shall be compelled to give the dimensions of Montgomery as it stood before the separation. Its mean length was. 34 miles, mean breadth 32; and area 1089 sq. ms. Extending in lat. from 30° 43' to 37° 24' N. and in long. 3º 04' to 3º 50' W. of W. C. The northern portion of this coun- ty gives rise to the Roanoke and to Craig's creek, which flow in a N. W. direction into Botetourt. The county occupies a portion of the high pla- teau or table land between the waters which flow into the Atlantic, and those which flow towards the Mississippi. The mouth of Sinking creek, which enters the Great Kanawha, in Giles county, at the western foot of Walker's mountain, of course below any part of Montgomery, is found,

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from actual measurement, elevated 1,585 feet above tide water in James river. 'The highest spring tributary to Sinking creek was found to be 2509; we may, therefore, very safely assume as the general elevation of Mont- gomery from 1,800 to 2,500; or a mean exceeding 2,100 feet, or an equi- valent to more than five degrees of latitude. If then we assume 37º as the mean lat. of Montgomery county, the real winter climate will be simi -: lar to that on the Atlantic coast in N. lat. 42º. Besides the mountains, the whole face of this county is broken and rocky. yet though so rough and . elevated, the streams are bordered with excellent soil.

Population of Montgomery as it stood in 1820, 8,733,-1830, 12,306 .; It belongs to the 6th judicial circuit and 8th district. Tax paid in 1833, $1280 27-m 1834 on lots, $92 19-land, 8593 77-075 slaves, 8243 75 -3283 horses, 8196 98-16 studs, $112 00-10 coaches, $28 25-19 carryalls, $19 00-7 gigs, 83 75. Total, $1,289 69. Expended in edu- cating poor children in 1832, $207 44-in 1833, $194 28.

TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.

BLACKSBURG, P. O. 215 ms. W. offSuperior Court of Law and Chance- R. and 290 S. W. by W. of W., situ-ry on the 22d of May and October. ated in the northern part of the coun- FOTHERINGAY, P. O. 195 ms. from ty, 9 ms. northwardly from Chris- R. and 270 S. W. by W. of W. tiansburg. It contains 34 dwelling GOODSON, P. O. 221 ms. W. of R. houses, 2 houses of public worship, and 299 S W. of W.

(1 Methodist and 1 Presbyterian,) 1 LA FAYETTE, P. O. 190 ms. S. common school, 1 sabbath school, and W. of R. and 266 from W., situated. 1 temperance society, 3 tan yards 2 in the N. E. part of the county, near saddlers, and various other mechan- the foot of the Alleghany mountain ics. Population 150 persons; offon the head waters of the Roanoke, whom I is a physician. and at the junction of the North and

CHRISTIANSBURG, P. V. and South Forks,-33 ms. from Fincastle, county seat, 206 ms. S. W. of R. and 7 from the line dividing the coun- and 282 S. W. of W. in lat. 37° 08' ties of Montgomery and Botetourt." N. and long. 3º 24' W. of W. It This village was established 8 or 10 contains besides the usual county years since, and is now rapidly pro- buildings, 45 dwelling houses, 2 gressing, most of its improvements houses of public worship, (1 Metho- having been made within the last 2 dist and 1 Presbyterian,) 2 common years. It contains 43 dwelling houses, schools, 5 miscellaneous stores, 3 be- 1 house of public worship, (Metho- nevolent societies, 2 tanyards, and 2 dist, ) 2 miscellaneous stores, 1 tavern, saddlers. The principal mechanics I extensive manufacturing flour mill. are 3 boot and shoe factories, 4 tai- 1 tan yard, 1 cooper's shop, I boot and lors, 4 hatters, 1 cabinet maker, 4 tin shoe factory, 4 smith shops, and vari- plate workers. Population, whites ous other mechanics. The soil of 230 persons; of whom 5 are resident its vicinity is productive of Indian attorneys, and 3 regular physicians- corn, wheat and tobacco. Population colored 105-total 335.

103 persons; of whom 1 is a regular County Courts are held on the 1 st physician.

Monday in every month ;- Quarter -! NEWBERN, P. V. 225 ms. from R. ly in March, June, August and No fand 301 S. W. by W. of W., situated vember.

in the western part of the county, 16 - JUDGE BROWN holds his Circuit ms. S. W. of Christiansburg, and .7 51

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W. of English's Ferry, on the main(the soil is of good quality and pro- western stage road from Baltimore to duces well. The staple commodities Nashville, T'enn. Its location is high are beef, pork, grain, hemp, flax, and butter. On the north bank of New river, 14 ms. from Newbern, there is a bluff called the Glass Windows, (a great natural curiosity,) presenting to the spectator as magnificent a scene as the Natural Bridge in Rockbridge county. It is a perpendicular rock 500 feet in height, running parallel with the river about 32 of a mile, in which there are a number of coves, that produce saltpetre in abundance. Another natural curiosity is Peak Knob, about 3 ms. W. of Newbern. It somewhat resembles the Peaks of Otter. and rises between 800 and 1000 feet above the bed of Peak creek, and presents. the inhabitants with a de- level to the valley of Back creek, a lightful landscape to a very consider- able distance. Around the foot of Peak Knob and on the banks of Peak creek, are a number of mineral springs, the medicinal qualities of I which are said to be considerable. and airy, giving a fine view of the adjacent valleys and neighboring mountains, which present an interest- ing and romantic scene, and fill the traveller's mind with admiration. It contains 100 houses, 1 house of pub- lic worship, (Methodist,) and 1 (Pres- byterian) in the immediate vicinity, (used as a school house,) 5 mercan- tile stores, 2 taverns, 2 saddlers, 1 tan yard, 2 boot and shoe makers, 2 wa- gon makers, 2 .tailors, 2 blacksmith shops, 1 silversmith and jeweller, and 1 milliner and mantua maker. Popu- lation 190 persons; of whom 2 are physicians. The face of the country to the N. and N. W. is generally distance of 7 or 8 ms. in width, and between 15 and 20 in length, produc- tive of every kind of grain, but natu. rally adapted to grass. The S. and S. E. is diversified and uneven, tho'

MORGAN.

MORGAN was created by act of Assembly in 1820, from a portion of Hampshire and Berkley counties. It is bounded N by the Potomac, which separates it from Washington county of Maryland,-E. by Berk- ley,-S. by Frederick and Hampshire,-and W. by the Potomac, separat- ing it from Alleghany county of Maryland. Its mean length is 22 miles, mean breadth 16; and arca 352 sq. ms. It extends in lat. from 39º 22' to 39º 40' N. and in long. from 0° 58' to 1º 25' W. of W. C. The general slope of this county is N. N. E. in the direction of its two principal streams, the Great Cacapon and Sleepy creek. The surface is much broken and rocky, but there is much good soil upon the streams.

Population in 1820, 2,500-1830, 2,094. It belongs to the 13th judi- cial circuit, and 7th district. Tax paid in 1833, $561 20-in 1834 on lots, 846 61-land, $393 72-91 slaves, $22 75-846 horses, $50 76 -- 2 studs, $20 00-1 coach, $3 00. Total $536 84. Expended in edu- cating poor children in 1832, $162 75-in 1833, $165 83.

TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.

BATH, or BERKLEY SPRINGS, P.| W., situated 8 ms. S. S. W. of Han- O. and seat of justice, 186 ms. N. N. cocktown, Md., and 45 ms. N. W. by W. of R. and 93 N. W. by W. of W. of Harper's Ferry. Mr. Jeffer-

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son in Notes on Virginia, thus speaks[ion might have been entertained of of this watering place. "On Potomac them in the time at which Mr. Jeffer- river in Berkley co., above the North son wrote his Notes on Virginia; mountain are medicinal springs. In and hundreds flock to them every former years they were much more frequented than those of Augusta or any other. Their powers however are less, the waters weakly mineral- ised and scarcely warm. They were more visited, because situated in a fertile, plentiful, and populous coun- try, better provided with accommo- dation, were always so far from the Indians, and nearest to the populous OAKLAND, P. O. 175 ms. from R. states."-The waters of Bath are now and 96 N. W. by W. of W. held in high repute, whatever opin-

season from Maryland and Pennsyl- vania.

County Courts are held on the 4th Monday in every month :- Quarter- ly in March, June, September and November.

JUDGE PAKRER holds his Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chance- ry on the 25th of April, and August.

NICHOLAS.

NICHOLAS was created by act of Assembly in the year 1818, from a por, tion of the counties of Kanawha, Greenbrier, and Randolph. It is bound- ed N. by Lewis,-N E. by Randolph,-E. by Pocahontas,-S. E. and S. by Greenbrier,-S. W. by Fayette,-and W. by Kanawha. Its mean length is 14 miles, mean breadth 323; and area 1,431 sq. ms. It extends in lat. from 38° 04' to 38º 43', and in long. from 3º 18' to 4° 12' W. of W. C. Its greatest declination is to the souhwest, in the direction of its two principal streams, Gauley river and Elk river. The former flowing through the southern portion of the county, the latter through the northern. Gauley is a rough stream, admitting of but little navigation. Elk on the contrary is a beautiful flowing stream, navigable almost to its source, and susceptible of being made at a small expense, the channel of valuable trade. It is well stocked with fine fresh water fish, some of which are of enor- mous size. The soil and climate of this county present great variety; be- ing in some parts very warm and very fertile, in others cold and barren.

Population in 1820, 1,853-in 1830, 3,349. It belongs to the 18th judi- cial circuit, and 9th district. Tax paid in 1833, $263 01-in 1834, on lots, $11 98 -- land, $199 19-53 slaves, $13 25-899 horses, $53 94-4 studs, 825 00. Total, $303 36. Expended in educating poor children in 1832, 8179 80-in 1833, $65 83.

TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.

BIRCH RIVER, P. O. 234 ms. from ms. N. W. by. W. of R. and 310 W. R. and 327 S. W. of W., situated in of W., in lat. 38º 18' N. and long. the northern part of the county, 17 3º 48' W. of W. C. This village is ms, N. W. of the county sent.

situated on a flat at the head of Pe- MOUNTAIN COVE, P. O. 273 ms.\ter's creek, and Arbuckles' branch. from R. and 315 W. of W. The water rises from a flat near the

NICHOLAS C.IL. or SUMMER- town and flows east and west, consti- VILLE, P. O. and county seat, 286 tuting westwardly the head of Peter's

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creek, and eastwardly the water flows |inhabitants are building flat bottomed into Arbuckle's branch, both of which streams empty into Gauley river, many miles apart. The village con- tains a frame court house, a clerk's of- fice, and jail of hean stane, of sape- rior elegance und durabil:

ling houses, 2 miscellaneous stores, prepare large quantities of plank, 2 taverns, 1 tan yard, 2 smith shops, 1 hatter, 1 house joiner, 2 tailors, and I boot and shoe maker. Population 100 persons ; of whom 2 are resident attorneys. There is no physician here, and there are only 2 in the county.

County Courts are held on the 2d Tuesday in every month ;- Quarter- ly in March, June, August and Vo- vember.

JUDGE DUNCAN holds his Circuit Superior Courts of Law and Chancery on the 6th of April and September.

SUTTONSVILLE, P. O. 300 ms. N. W. by W. of R. and 312 S. W. by W. of W., situated in the southern part of the county, on the south side of Big Elk river, distant 100 ms. from the head of Elk, and from its june- tion with the Great Kanawha river. Elk is navigable to the Union Mills, 10 ms. above Suttonsville, which may be considered the head of good navi- tion. The situation of this village is eligible, being situated at the inter- section of the main northern and southern mail routes, passing through the vallies of Kanawha and Ohio. It contains 8 dwelling houses, 2 mis- cellaneous stores, 1 house of enter- tainment, and 1 tanyard. Population 45. The principal pursuits of the

boats which are run down to the Ka- nawha salines, and freighted off with salt to the various markets in the western country. There are a con- siderable number of valuable grist and saw mills on this river, which lumber, &c., for boat building, and for the Charleston market on the Great Kanawha. There are also great quantities of boat gunwales, barrel-staves, and hoop-poles, carried from this place to the Kanawha sa- lines. There are at this time about 15 saw mills built and building on Big Elk and its tributary waters, a part of which are expected to go into operation this season, and many oth- ers are in operation on that part of Big Elk river which runs through Kanawha county. It will give some idea of the business done at this place and its immediate vicinity, and of its fast increasing trade, to state that in the spring of 1833, there were sent off' at one time in boats, lumber, &e., to the amount of from 10 to 12,000 dollars. This was the product of about six months labor, including the winter season. This section of coun- try is but thinly and newly settled, with the exception of a few hunters, who are not generally very enterpris- ing people. Its remote situation has kept its natural advantages and facili- ties out of view until lately. It is now improving, and promises fair to become a flourishing and prosperous village.

OHIO.

OHIO county was created by act of Assembly in the year 1776, from a - portion of the District of West Augusta. It is bounded N. by Brooke,- N. E. by Washington county, Pa .- S. E. by Greene county, Pa .- S. by Tyler county, Va .- S. W. by the Ohio river, which separates it from Mon- roe county, Ohio, -- and N. W. by Belmont county, Ohio. It will be per- ceived that these limits include the new county of MARSHALL, created from

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WESTERN VIRGINIA-OHIO.

the Southern portion of Ohio, at the session of the Legislature of 1834-5. Indeed as the law has not yet been promulgated which established this new county it will be impossible to separate them, and we shall speak of Ohio county as it stood in December, 1834. Its mean length is 283 miles, mean breadth 13; and area 375 square miles. It extends in lat. from 39º 42' to 40° 14' N. and in long. from 3º 36' to 3º 55' W. of W. C. The declivity is N. W. towards the Ohio river. Several creeks which rise in Pa. flow N. W. to the Ohio through this county ;- they are-Fishing,-Fish,- Grave,-Wheeling, and Short .-- The surface is very much broken, but the soil very fertile, especially on the water courses.

Population in 1820, 9,182-in 1830, 15,590. It belongs to the 20th ju- dicial circuit and 10th district. Tax paid in 1833, $2630 17-in 1834, on lots, $1385 46-land, 8820 33-183 slaves, 845 75-4291 horses, $257 46-23 studs, 8190 00-40 coaches, 897 25-13 carryalls, $14 50 -12 gigs, $8 50-Total $2819 25. Expended in educating poor children in 1832, 8520 06-in 1833, 8842 61.

TOWNS, VILLAGES, POST OFFICES, &c.

ARCHIVILLE, P. O. 263 ms. from[and on the post road leading from W. and 353 from R.

BEELER'S STATION, P. O. 350 ms. N. W. of R. and 259 N. W. by W. of W .- situated in the south- ern part of the county-the present county of Marshall.

GRAVE CREEK, or ELIZABETH- TOWN, P. V. 350 ms. from R. and 260 N. W. by W. of W .- situated 12 ms. below Wheeling. This creek and village take their name from ve- ry extensive tumuli, scattered over an elevated bottom or plain. The au- thor of this article visited this plain twice in 1794, before the use of the plough or other farming utensils had much disturbed the remains. At that epoch one very large conical mound, surrounded by a ditch, was itself en- vironed by numerous and similar, though smaller, tumuli. The remains of the roads, sloping down the banks from the plain, was also perfectly dis- tinguishable, as was the trench of a work in form of a parallelogram.

Morgantown, Monongalia county, to Wheeling. It contains 7 dwelling houses, 2 houses of public worship, (1 Methodist, and 1 Presbyterian,) 1 common school, 2 taverns, 1 general store, 2 blacksmith shops, 1 tanyard, and I tailor's shop. Population 25.

WEST LIBERTY, P. O. 276 ms. N. W. by W. of W. and 369 from R. This village is situated in a healthy and flourishing neighbor- hood, densely settled, five miles from the Ohio river, twelve miles N. E. of Wheeling, and nine S. of Wells- burg, the county seat of Brooke. It contains 40 dwelling houses, 2 houses of public worship, (1 Presbyterian, and 1 Methodist,) 1 academy and 2 common schools, 3 mercantile stores, 2 tanyards, 2 saddlers, 1 hatter, 2 blacksmith shops, 2 tailors, 1 coach maker, and several house carpenters, cabinet makers, &c. 1 printing office, from which a weekly paper is issued. There are within the circle of 3 mns. flour mills. The soil of the sur- rounding neighborhood is productive, and one of the best wheat and wool

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A new and comprehensive gazetteer of Virginia, and the District of Columbia, Part 53

Author: Martin, Joseph. ed. cn; Brockenbrough, William Henry Publication date: 1835 Publisher: Charlottesville, J. Martin Number of Pages: 1278

Author: Martin, Joseph. ed. cn; Brockenbrough, William Henry
Publication date: 1835
Publisher: Charlottesville, J. Martin
Number of Pages: 1278